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EP2322281B1 - Heating assembly for biomass with an electrostatic separator - Google Patents

Heating assembly for biomass with an electrostatic separator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2322281B1
EP2322281B1 EP20100191287 EP10191287A EP2322281B1 EP 2322281 B1 EP2322281 B1 EP 2322281B1 EP 20100191287 EP20100191287 EP 20100191287 EP 10191287 A EP10191287 A EP 10191287A EP 2322281 B1 EP2322281 B1 EP 2322281B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating system
electrode
heating
insulating device
exhaust gas
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Active
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EP20100191287
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2322281A1 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Steiner
Datong Wu
Uwe Limbeck
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86Electrode-carrying means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41Ionising-electrodes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74Cleaning the electrodes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/06Ionising electrode being a needle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/08Ionising electrode being a rod

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating system for biomass with an electrostatic precipitator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Emission control systems are used to reduce emissions from heating systems. These are to filter out in particular the harmful substances and particles in exhaust gases, so that the remaining, purified exhaust gas can be safely released to the environment.
  • emission control systems are used particularly in biomass heating systems, where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur, in particular, the relatively high particulate matter emission is a problem.
  • an emission control system which is used for biomass heating systems to reduce particulate matter emission.
  • the described device can be installed in a flue gas channel and has a lid for this purpose. On the inside of the lid, a spray electrode is held on an insulating holder.
  • a high-voltage transformer with rectifier function allows the construction of a high DC voltage between the wire and the lid, which is electrically connected to the furnace tube, so that it acts as a collector electrode.
  • Such an electrostatic filter with spray electrode and collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator.
  • a capacitor is formed from the spray electrode, which runs approximately centrally through the exhaust pipe and is therefore also referred to as the center electrode, and the surrounding surface of the exhaust pipe, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe.
  • the spray or center electrode generally has a radius of curvature, which is generally relatively small (eg less than 0.4 mm).
  • a high voltage is applied to the center electrode.
  • a corona discharge is formed, through which the particles flowing with the exhaust gas through the electric field are charged in a unipolar manner.
  • the particles move through the electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.
  • the high voltage at the center electrode is via a high voltage supply from the outside fed.
  • the high voltage supply is covered with an insulator.
  • a disadvantage of such an electrostatic precipitator is that exhaust particles settle on the insulation, which with an appropriate number of particles form an electrically conductive surface on the insulator, via which the center electrode can be discharged. This leads to failure of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the document describes an electrostatic precipitator for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system with an electrode and an electrode feed to feed the electrode.
  • the electrode feed is at least partially encased with an insulator.
  • the separator comprises a particle repelling agent, which prevents particles of the exhaust gas from depositing on the insulator.
  • the document discloses inter alia a particle repellent which utilizes the effect of thermophoresis.
  • a heating device is provided, which heats the surface of the insulator, for example by heating wires arranged in the insulation, wherein a temperature gradient is formed between the insulator and its surroundings. Due to the thermophoresis, the particles of the exhaust gas experience a net impulse in the direction of the colder zone.
  • Object of the present invention is to overcome these and other disadvantages in the prior art and to provide a heating system for biomass, which comprises an electrostatic precipitator, the separator or the heating system should ensure high reliability at the same time low cost.
  • a biomass heating system comprising an electrostatic precipitator disposed in an exhaust pipe of the heating system for separating particles contained in the exhaust gas of the heating system, the separator having an electrode, an electric supply for the electrode and a counter electrode, the supply for the electrode is isolated at least in sections by means of an insulating device, wherein the separator comprises a protective device which prevents the deposition of particles in the exhaust gas of the heating system on the insulating device, and wherein the protective device is a heater which is suitable in the normal operation of the separator, an outer Surface of the insulating device to be heated to a temperature required for a thermophoresis, wherein the temperature of the outer surface is higher than the temperature of the insulating device flowing around the exhaust gas s
  • the heating device comprises a heat conductor which is in thermal contact with a region of the heating system and the insulation device such that the region of the heating system can have a higher temperature than the exhaust gas flowing around the insulation device.
  • the protection device prevents the particles from depositing and thus extends the maintenance-free operating time of the heating system or of the electrostatic precipitator. It is particularly advantageous that the required for the thermophoresis heating of the protective device is not carried out by an active additional heating device, but rather can be effected in passive form directly by the heat of the heating system. As a result, the cost of the heating system in production and operation can be reduced.
  • the reliability of the system can be increased. Since an additional active heating device for the insulation device of a separator of a heating system according to the invention is no longer required, eliminates the otherwise associated potential source of error by an electrical breakdown of the high voltage line of the electrode to the heater of the insulation. By eliminating this source of danger, the material requirements with respect to the insulation device also decrease, so that less expensive materials can be used.
  • a temperature difference between the protective device and the exhaust gas flowing around it of 100 K is particularly preferred.
  • the area of the heating system which has a higher temperature than the exhaust gas flowing around the electrodes may be part of the boiler or the exhaust system. It is further preferred that the heat conductor consists of a thermally conductive material. This can ensure effective heat transfer.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention further provides that the outer surface of the insulation device is at least partially enclosed by a jacket, wherein the jacket is in heat-conducting contact with the heat conductor.
  • a jacket may for example be a metal tube.
  • the jacket can be made of metal other than a material with a sufficiently high thermal conductivity. In such a configuration, an effective protection device can be provided with simple and robust means.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the jacket is thermally insulated from the exhaust pipe.
  • the thermal insulation is not limited to the region of the exhaust pipe, but rather may be fully or partially extended to the heat conductor, which provides the heat required for the protection device.
  • Alternative or additional electrical isolation of the jacket from the exhaust pipe prevents electrical charging of the jacket e.g. through one of the electrodes. If the jacket is made of a material having a low electrical resistivity (for example, metal), it is additionally advantageous if the distance between the spray electrode and the jacket is large enough to avoid a high-voltage flashover.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a section of a heating system according to the invention, not fully shown with an electrostatic precipitator 20.
  • the exhaust pipe 11 has a flow channel which is bounded from the outside by a wall 13. During operation, a particle-laden exhaust gas of a heating device flows through the flow channel.
  • the wall 13 of the flow channel serves as a counter electrode 24 of the separator 20th
  • the electrode 22 is arranged concentrically to the exhaust pipe 11.
  • the insulating device 26 may be made of a ceramic such as e.g. SiC, or be made of another suitable material.
  • This heating device 31 is connected via a heat conductor 33 to a region 14 of the heating system in which a higher temperature prevails than that of the exhaust gas in The environment of the insulating device 26.
  • the heat conductor 33 is preferably made of a material having a high thermal conductivity, in particular suitable for this purpose copper, aluminum or corresponding alloys.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a section of a heating system according to the invention with an electrostatic precipitator 20.
  • the surface 27 of the insulating device 26 is partially enclosed by a jacket 35.
  • the jacket 35 is in contact with the heat conductor 33, so that the jacket 35 can transfer the heat from the heat conductor 33 to the insulating device 26.
  • the jacket 35 is made of a material having a high thermal conductivity.
  • the jacket 35 is opposite the wall 13 with an electrical and thermal insulation 36 equipped. If the coat is made of metal, then the distance between 22 and 35 is large enough to avoid high voltage flashovers.

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Heizungsanlage für Biomasse mit einem elektrostatischen Abscheider gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a heating system for biomass with an electrostatic precipitator according to the preamble of claim 1.

Um die Emissionen von Heizungsanlagen zu reduzieren werden Abgasreinigungsanlagen verwendet. Diese sollen insbesondere die schädlichen Stoffe und Partikel in Abgasen herausfiltern, so dass das verbleibende, gereinigte Abgas bedenkenlos an die Umwelt abgegeben werden kann. Derartige Abgasreinigungsanlagen werden besonders bei Biomasse-Heizanlagen eingesetzt, bei denen neben ansonsten ökonomischen und ökologischen Vorteilen eine erhöhte Emission an Schadstoffen in den Abgasen auftreten kann, dabei ist insbesondere die relativ hohe Feinstaubemission ein Problem.Emission control systems are used to reduce emissions from heating systems. These are to filter out in particular the harmful substances and particles in exhaust gases, so that the remaining, purified exhaust gas can be safely released to the environment. Such emission control systems are used particularly in biomass heating systems, where in addition to otherwise economic and environmental benefits increased emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gases can occur, in particular, the relatively high particulate matter emission is a problem.

Aus der EP 1 193 445 A2 ist eine Abgasreinigungsanlage bekannt, welche für Biomasse-Heizungsanlagen zur Verringerung der Feinstaubemission verwendet wird. Die beschriebene Vorrichtung ist in einen Rauchgaskanal einbaubar und weist hierzu einen Deckel auf. An der Innenseite des Deckels ist über eine isolierende Halterung eine Sprühelektrode gehalten. Ein Hochspannungs-Transformator mit Gleichrichterfunktion erlaubt den Aufbau einer hohen Gleichspannung zwischen dem Draht und dem Deckel, welcher elektrisch leitend mit dem Ofenrohr verbunden ist, sodass dieses als Kollektorelektrode wirkt.From the EP 1 193 445 A2 an emission control system is known, which is used for biomass heating systems to reduce particulate matter emission. The described device can be installed in a flue gas channel and has a lid for this purpose. On the inside of the lid, a spray electrode is held on an insulating holder. A high-voltage transformer with rectifier function allows the construction of a high DC voltage between the wire and the lid, which is electrically connected to the furnace tube, so that it acts as a collector electrode.

Ein derartiger Elektrofilter mit Sprühelektrode und Kollektorelektrode ist auch bekannt als elektrostatischer Abscheider. Dabei wird aus der Sprühelektrode, welche etwa mittig durch die Abgasleitung verläuft und daher auch als Mittelelektrode bezeichnet wird, und der umgebende Mantelfläche der Abgasleitung ein Kondensator gebildet, der bei einer zylinderrohrförmigen Ausbildung der Abgasleitung auch als Zylinderkondensator bezeichnet wird. Die Sprüh- oder Mittelelektrode weist dabei in der Regel einen Krümmungsradius auf, wobei dieser im Allgemeinen relativ klein ausgebildet ist (z.B. kleiner als 0,4 mm). Um die Partikel abzuscheiden wird an die Mittelelektrode eine Hochspannung angelegt. Dadurch bildet sich eine Corona-Entladung aus, durch welche die mit dem Abgas durch das elektrische Feld strömenden Partikel unipolar aufgeladen werden. Aufgrund dieser Aufladung wandern die Partikel durch die elektrostatischen Coulomb-Kräfte zur Innenwand der Abgasleitung, welche als Kollektorelektrode dient. Die Hochspannung an der Mittelelektrode wird über eine Hochspannungszuführung von außen zugeführt. Um ein frühzeitiges Durchschlagen der Hochspannung zu der Innenwand der Abgasleitung zu verhindern, ist die Hochspannungszuführung mit einem Isolator ummantelt.Such an electrostatic filter with spray electrode and collector electrode is also known as an electrostatic precipitator. In this case, a capacitor is formed from the spray electrode, which runs approximately centrally through the exhaust pipe and is therefore also referred to as the center electrode, and the surrounding surface of the exhaust pipe, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe. The spray or center electrode generally has a radius of curvature, which is generally relatively small (eg less than 0.4 mm). To deposit the particles, a high voltage is applied to the center electrode. As a result, a corona discharge is formed, through which the particles flowing with the exhaust gas through the electric field are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, the particles move through the electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode. The high voltage at the center electrode is via a high voltage supply from the outside fed. In order to prevent an early penetration of the high voltage to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, the high voltage supply is covered with an insulator.

Ein Nachteil eines derartigen Elektrofilters ist, dass sich auf der Isolierung Abgaspartikel absetzen, welche bei entsprechender Anzahl an Partikel eine elektrisch leitende Oberfläche auf dem Isolator bilden, über welche die Mittelelektrode entladen werden kann. Dies führt zu einem Versagen des elektrostatischen Abscheiders.A disadvantage of such an electrostatic precipitator is that exhaust particles settle on the insulation, which with an appropriate number of particles form an electrically conductive surface on the insulator, via which the center electrode can be discharged. This leads to failure of the electrostatic precipitator.

Eine Weiterentwicklung eines solchen Abscheiders ist in DE 10 2006 057 705 B3 offenbart. Die Druckschrift beschreibt einen elektrostatischen Abscheider für eine Abgasleitung einer Abgasreinigungsanlage mit einer Elektrode sowie einer Elektrodenzuführung, um die Elektrode zu speisen. Die Elektrodenzuführung ist mit einem Isolator zumindest teilweise ummantelt. Zudem umfasst der Abscheider ein Partikelabweismittel, welches verhindert, dass sich Partikel des Abgases an dem Isolator ablagern. In der Druckschrift wird unter anderem ein Partikelabweismittel offenbart, welches den Effekt der Thermophorese nutzt. Dazu ist eine Heizeinrichtung vorgesehen, welche z.B. durch in der Isolation angeordnete Heizdrähte die Oberfläche des Isolators erwärmt, wobei ein Temperaturgradient zwischen dem Isolator und seiner Umgebung ausgebildet wird. Aufgrund der Thermophorese erfahren die Partikel des Abgases einen Nettoimpuls in Richtung der kälteren Zone.A further development of such a separator is in DE 10 2006 057 705 B3 disclosed. The document describes an electrostatic precipitator for an exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas purification system with an electrode and an electrode feed to feed the electrode. The electrode feed is at least partially encased with an insulator. In addition, the separator comprises a particle repelling agent, which prevents particles of the exhaust gas from depositing on the insulator. The document discloses inter alia a particle repellent which utilizes the effect of thermophoresis. For this purpose, a heating device is provided, which heats the surface of the insulator, for example by heating wires arranged in the insulation, wherein a temperature gradient is formed between the insulator and its surroundings. Due to the thermophoresis, the particles of the exhaust gas experience a net impulse in the direction of the colder zone.

Nachteilig an diesem elektrostatischen Abscheider ist jedoch, dass eine zusätzliche, aktive Heizeinrichtung benötigt wird. Um einen Schutz der Elektronik der Heizeinrichtung vor einem elektrischen Durchschlag von der Hochspannungszuleitung zu erreichen, müssen die verwendeten Materialien hohen Ansprüchen genügen. Dies führt nicht nur zu höheren Herstell- und Betriebskosten, sondern auch zu unerwünschten Einschränkungen bei der Materialauswahl.However, a disadvantage of this electrostatic precipitator is that an additional active heating device is required. In order to achieve a protection of the electronics of the heater from electrical breakdown of the high voltage power line, the materials used must meet high standards. This not only leads to higher manufacturing and operating costs, but also to undesirable limitations in the choice of materials.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es diesen und weitere Nachteile im Stand der Technik zu überwinden und eine Heizungsanlage für Biomasse bereit zu stellen, welche einen elektrostatischen Abscheider umfasst, wobei der Abscheider bzw. die Heizungsanlage eine hohe Betriebssicherheit bei gleichzeitig geringen Kosten gewährleisten soll.Object of the present invention is to overcome these and other disadvantages in the prior art and to provide a heating system for biomass, which comprises an electrostatic precipitator, the separator or the heating system should ensure high reliability at the same time low cost.

Hauptmerkmale der Erfindung sind im kennzeichnenden Teil von Anspruch 1 angegeben. Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Ansprüche 2 bis 6.Main features of the invention are specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. Embodiments are the subject of claims 2 to 6.

Bei einer Heizungsanlage für Biomasse, mit einem in einer Abgasleitung der Heizungsanlage angeordneten elektrostatischen Abscheider zum Abscheiden von in dem Abgas der Heizungsanlage befindlichen Partikeln, wobei der Abscheider eine Elektrode, eine elektrische Zuführung für die Elektrode und eine Gegenelektrode aufweist, wobei die Zuführung für die Elektrode zumindest abschnittsweise mittels einer Isolationseinrichtung isoliert ist, wobei der Abscheider eine Schutzvorrichtung umfasst, welche das Niederschlagen von in dem Abgas der Heizungsanlage befindlichen Partikeln auf der Isolationseinrichtung verhindert, und wobei die Schutzvorrichtung eine Heizvorrichtung ist, die im bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb des Abscheiders geeignet ist, eine äußere Oberfläche der Isolationseinrichtung auf eine für eine Thermophorese erforderliche Temperatur zu erwärmen, wobei die Temperatur der äußeren Oberfläche höher ist als die Temperatur des die Isolationseinrichtung umströmenden Abgases sieht die Erfindung vor, dass die Heizvorrichtung einen Wärmeleiter umfasst, welcher mit einem Bereich der Heizungsanlage und der Isolationseinrichtung so in Wärmekontakt steht, dass der Bereich der Heizungsanlage eine höhere Temperatur aufweisen kann als das die Isolationseinrichtung umströmende Abgas.In a biomass heating system, comprising an electrostatic precipitator disposed in an exhaust pipe of the heating system for separating particles contained in the exhaust gas of the heating system, the separator having an electrode, an electric supply for the electrode and a counter electrode, the supply for the electrode is isolated at least in sections by means of an insulating device, wherein the separator comprises a protective device which prevents the deposition of particles in the exhaust gas of the heating system on the insulating device, and wherein the protective device is a heater which is suitable in the normal operation of the separator, an outer Surface of the insulating device to be heated to a temperature required for a thermophoresis, wherein the temperature of the outer surface is higher than the temperature of the insulating device flowing around the exhaust gas s The invention provides that the heating device comprises a heat conductor which is in thermal contact with a region of the heating system and the insulation device such that the region of the heating system can have a higher temperature than the exhaust gas flowing around the insulation device.

Die Schutzvorrichtung verhindert eine Ablagerung der Partikel und verlängert somit die wartungsfreie Betriebszeit der Heizungsanlage bzw. des elektrostatischen Abscheiders. Besonders vorteilhaft ist dabei, dass die für die Thermophorese erforderliche Erwärmung der Schutzvorrichtung nicht durch eine aktive zusätzliche Heizeinrichtung erfolgt, sondern vielmehr in passiver Form direkt durch die Wärme der Heizungsanlage bewirkt werden kann. Dadurch können die Kosten der Heizungsanlage in Herstellung und Betrieb gesenkt werden.The protection device prevents the particles from depositing and thus extends the maintenance-free operating time of the heating system or of the electrostatic precipitator. It is particularly advantageous that the required for the thermophoresis heating of the protective device is not carried out by an active additional heating device, but rather can be effected in passive form directly by the heat of the heating system. As a result, the cost of the heating system in production and operation can be reduced.

Durch die einfache Ausgestaltung der Schutzvorrichtung kann zudem die Betriebssicherheit der Anlage erhöht werden. Da eine zusätzliche aktive Heizeinrichtung für die Isolationseinrichtung eines Abscheiders einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsanlage nicht mehr erforderlich ist, entfällt auch die ansonsten damit verbundene potentielle Fehlerquelle durch einen elektrischen Durchschlag von der Hochspannungsleitung der Elektrode auf die Heizeinrichtung der Isolation. Durch das Ausräumen dieser Gefahrenquelle sinken auch die Materialanforderungen in Bezug auf die Isolationseinrichtung, so dass kostengünstigere Materialien eingesetzt werden können. Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsanlage ist eine Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der Schutzvorrichtung und dem diese umströmenden Abgas von 100 K besonders bevorzugt. Der Bereich der Heizungsanlage, welcher eine höhere Temperatur als das die Elektroden umströmende Abgas aufweist, kann ein Teil des Kessels oder des Abgassystems sein. Bevorzugt ist weiterhin, dass der Wärmeleiter aus einem wärmeleitfähigen Material besteht. Dadurch kann ein effektiver Wärmetransport sichergestellt werden.Due to the simple design of the protective device also the reliability of the system can be increased. Since an additional active heating device for the insulation device of a separator of a heating system according to the invention is no longer required, eliminates the otherwise associated potential source of error by an electrical breakdown of the high voltage line of the electrode to the heater of the insulation. By eliminating this source of danger, the material requirements with respect to the insulation device also decrease, so that less expensive materials can be used. In a heating system according to the invention, a temperature difference between the protective device and the exhaust gas flowing around it of 100 K is particularly preferred. The area of the heating system which has a higher temperature than the exhaust gas flowing around the electrodes may be part of the boiler or the exhaust system. It is further preferred that the heat conductor consists of a thermally conductive material. This can ensure effective heat transfer.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht ferner vor, dass die äußere Oberfläche der Isolationseinrichtung zumindest abschnittsweise von einem Mantel umschlossen ist, wobei der Mantel mit dem Wärmeleiter in wärmeleitendem Kontakt steht. Ein solcher Mantel kann beispielsweise ein Metallrohr sein. Der Mantel kann außer aus Metall auch aus einem anderen Material mit einer ausreichend hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit bestehen. Bei einer derartigen Ausgestaltung kann mit einfachen und robusten Mitteln eine effektive Schutzvorrichtung bereitgestellt werden.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention further provides that the outer surface of the insulation device is at least partially enclosed by a jacket, wherein the jacket is in heat-conducting contact with the heat conductor. Such a jacket may for example be a metal tube. The jacket can be made of metal other than a material with a sufficiently high thermal conductivity. In such a configuration, an effective protection device can be provided with simple and robust means.

Um einem unerwünschten Wärmeverlust vorzubeugen, sieht eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführung der Erfindung vor, dass der Mantel gegenüber der Abgasleitung thermisch isoliert ist. Die thermische Isolierung ist dabei nicht auf den Bereich der Abgasleitung beschränkt, sondern kann vielmehr auch vollständig oder teilweise auf den Wärmeleiter, welcher die für die Schutzvorrichtung erforderliche Wärme liefert, ausgedehnt sein. Eine alternative oder zusätzliche elektrische Isolierung des Mantels gegenüber der Abgasleitung verhindert ein elektrisches Aufladen des Mantels z.B. durch eine der Elektroden. Ist der Mantel aus einem Material mit einem geringen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand gefertigt (z.B. Metall), so ist es zusätzlich vorteilhaft, wenn der Abstand zwischen Sprühelektrode und Mantel groß genug ist um einen Hochspannungsüberschlag zu vermeiden.In order to prevent unwanted heat loss, a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the jacket is thermally insulated from the exhaust pipe. The thermal insulation is not limited to the region of the exhaust pipe, but rather may be fully or partially extended to the heat conductor, which provides the heat required for the protection device. Alternative or additional electrical isolation of the jacket from the exhaust pipe prevents electrical charging of the jacket e.g. through one of the electrodes. If the jacket is made of a material having a low electrical resistivity (for example, metal), it is additionally advantageous if the distance between the spray electrode and the jacket is large enough to avoid a high-voltage flashover.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Ausschnitt aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsanlage mit einem elektrostatischen Abscheider (Darstellung schematisch),
Fig. 2
einen Ausschnitt aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsanlage mit einem elektrostatischen Abscheider, welcher einen elektrisch und/oder thermisch isolierten Mantel aufweist (Darstellung schematisch).
Show it:
Fig. 1
a detail of a heating system according to the invention with an electrostatic precipitator (schematic representation),
Fig. 2
a section of a heating system according to the invention with an electrostatic precipitator, which has an electrically and / or thermally insulated jacket (diagram schematically).

Figur 1 zeigt schematisch einen Ausschnitt aus einer erfindungsgemäßen, nicht vollständig dargestellten Heizungsanlage mit einem elektrostatischen Abscheider 20. Die Abgasleitung 11 weist einen Strömungskanal auf, der nach außen von einer Wandung 13 begrenzt ist. Durch den Strömungskanal strömt im Betrieb ein partikelbeladenes Abgas einer Heizungseinrichtung. Die Wandung 13 des Strömungskanals dient als Gegenelektrode 24 des Abscheiders 20. FIG. 1 schematically shows a section of a heating system according to the invention, not fully shown with an electrostatic precipitator 20. The exhaust pipe 11 has a flow channel which is bounded from the outside by a wall 13. During operation, a particle-laden exhaust gas of a heating device flows through the flow channel. The wall 13 of the flow channel serves as a counter electrode 24 of the separator 20th

Die elektrische Zuführung 23 der Elektrode 22, welche ungefähr senkrecht zu Elektrode 22 und Wandung 13 angeordnet ist, ist durch eine Isolationseinrichtung 26 isoliert und speist die Elektrode 22 von einer externen Hochspannungsquelle. Die Elektrode 22 ist dabei konzentrisch zur Abgasleitung 11 angeordnet.The electrical supply 23 of the electrode 22, which is approximately perpendicular to the electrode 22 and wall 13, is insulated by an insulating device 26 and feeds the electrode 22 from an external high voltage source. The electrode 22 is arranged concentrically to the exhaust pipe 11.

Die Isolationseinrichtung 26 kann aus einer Keramik wie z.B. SiC, oder aus einem anderen geeigneten Material gefertigt sein.The insulating device 26 may be made of a ceramic such as e.g. SiC, or be made of another suitable material.

Die Schutzeinrichtung 30, welche ein Niederschlagen der Partikel an der Isolationseinrichtung 26 mittels Thermophorese verhindert, ist eine Heizeinrichtung 31. Diese Heizeinrichtung 31 ist über einen Wärmeleiter 33 mit einem Bereich 14 der Heizungsanlage verbunden, in welchem eine höhere Temperatur vorherrscht, als die des Abgases in der Umgebung der Isolationseinrichtung 26. Der Wärmeleiter 33 besteht bevorzugt aus einem Material mit einer hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit, insbesondere eignen sich hierfür Kupfer, Aluminium oder entsprechende Legierungen.The protective device 30, which prevents precipitation of the particles on the insulating device 26 by means of thermophoresis, is a heating device 31. This heating device 31 is connected via a heat conductor 33 to a region 14 of the heating system in which a higher temperature prevails than that of the exhaust gas in The environment of the insulating device 26. The heat conductor 33 is preferably made of a material having a high thermal conductivity, in particular suitable for this purpose copper, aluminum or corresponding alloys.

Figur 2 zeigt schematisch einen Ausschnitt aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsanlage mit einem elektrostatischen Abscheider 20. Die Oberfläche 27 der Isolationseinrichtung 26 ist teilweise von einem Mantel 35 umschlossen. Der Mantel 35 steht mit dem Wärmeleiter 33 in Kontakt, so dass der Mantel 35 die Wärme von dem Wärmeleiter 33 auf die Isolationseinrichtung 26 übertragen kann. Der Mantel 35 ist aus einem Material mit einer hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit gefertigt. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Wandung 13 der Abgasleitung 11 die Gegenelektrode 24. Der Mantel 35 ist gegenüber Wandung 13 mit einer elektrischen und thermischen Isolation 36 ausgestattet. Besteht der Mantel aus Metall, so ist der Abstand zwischen 22 und 35 groß genug, um Hochspannungsüberschläge zu vermeiden. FIG. 2 schematically shows a section of a heating system according to the invention with an electrostatic precipitator 20. The surface 27 of the insulating device 26 is partially enclosed by a jacket 35. The jacket 35 is in contact with the heat conductor 33, so that the jacket 35 can transfer the heat from the heat conductor 33 to the insulating device 26. The jacket 35 is made of a material having a high thermal conductivity. In the illustrated embodiment, the wall 13 of the exhaust pipe 11, the counter electrode 24. The jacket 35 is opposite the wall 13 with an electrical and thermal insulation 36 equipped. If the coat is made of metal, then the distance between 22 and 35 is large enough to avoid high voltage flashovers.

Bezugszeichenreference numeral

1111
Abgasleitungexhaust pipe
1313
Wandungwall
1414
Bereich der HeizungsanlageArea of the heating system
2020
Abscheiderseparators
2222
Elektrodeelectrode
2323
elektrische Zuführungelectric feeder
2424
Gegenelektrodecounter electrode
2626
Isolationseinrichtungisolation means
2727
Oberflächesurface
3030
Schutzvorrichtungguard
3131
Heizvorrichtungheater
3333
Wärmeleiterheat conductor
3535
Mantelcoat
3636
Isolationisolation

Claims (6)

  1. Heating system for biomass, with an electrostatic separator (20), which is arranged in an exhaust line (11) of the heating system and is intended for separating particles in the exhaust gas of the heating system (10),
    ■ the separator (20) having an electrode (22), an electrical feed (23) for the electrode (22) and a counter electrode (24),
    ■ the feed (23) for the electrode (22) being insulated, at least in certain portions, by means of an insulating device (26),
    ■ the separator (20) comprising a protective device (30), which prevents particles that are in the exhaust gas of the heating system from being deposited on the insulating device (26), and
    ■ the protective device (30) being a heating device (31), which, when the separator (20) is being operated as intended, is suitable for heating an outer surface (27) of the insulating device (26) to a temperature required for thermophoresis, the temperature of the outer surface (27) being higher than the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing around the insulating device (26),
    characterized
    in that the heating device (31) comprises a heat conductor (33), which is in thermal contact with a region (14) of the heating system and the insulating device (26) such that the region (14) of the heating system can have a higher temperature than the exhaust gas flowing around the insulating device (26).
  2. Heating system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the region (14) of the heating system is part of the boiler or of the exhaust system.
  3. Heating system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat conductor (33) consists of a thermally conductive material.
  4. Heating system according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the outer surface (27) of the insulating device (26) is enclosed, at least in certain portions, by a casing (35), the casing (35) being in heat-conducting contact with the heat conductor (33).
  5. Heating system according to Claim 4, characterized in that the casing (35) is a metal tube.
  6. Heating system according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the casing (35) is thermally and/or electrically insulated from the exhaust line (11).
EP20100191287 2009-11-17 2010-11-16 Heating assembly for biomass with an electrostatic separator Active EP2322281B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009053621A DE102009053621A1 (en) 2009-11-17 2009-11-17 Heating system for biomass with an electrostatic precipitator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2322281A1 EP2322281A1 (en) 2011-05-18
EP2322281B1 true EP2322281B1 (en) 2014-06-04

Family

ID=43432002

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20100191287 Active EP2322281B1 (en) 2009-11-17 2010-11-16 Heating assembly for biomass with an electrostatic separator

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2322281B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102009053621A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT516061B1 (en) * 2015-03-04 2016-02-15 Gerlinger Ernst boiler

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR526110A (en) * 1915-09-17 1921-10-01 Metallbank & Metallurg Ges Ag Isolator system for devices intended to carry out the electric charge and the precipitation of suspended matter in gases
DE3524861C2 (en) * 1985-07-12 1993-10-21 Metallgesellschaft Ag Electrostatic separator
JPH0696131B2 (en) * 1986-10-14 1994-11-30 三菱重工業株式会社 Electrostatic precipitator electrode support device
DE8804328U1 (en) * 1988-03-30 1988-07-07 Müller, Johannes A., Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing., 7980 Ravensburg Electrostatically acting soot burn-off filter
CH695113A5 (en) 2000-10-02 2005-12-15 Empa Device for flue gas purification in small furnaces.
FR2843611B1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-09-17 Faurecia Sys Echappement ELECTROFILTER WITH CENTRAL COLLECTION
JP2004247680A (en) * 2003-02-17 2004-09-02 Sharp Corp Dust collection/recovery device
DE102006057705B3 (en) 2006-12-07 2008-03-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energy generation heating system by combustion of energy source such as biomass for motor vehicle, has electrode feed coated with insulator and enclosing particle rejecting unit, which prevents exhaust gas particle deposition on insulator
AT505295B1 (en) * 2007-07-12 2008-12-15 Kwb Kraft Und Waerme Aus Bioma firing unit
DE102008015616A1 (en) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electrostatic separator with particle repellent and heating system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009053621A1 (en) 2011-05-19
EP2322281A1 (en) 2011-05-18

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