EP2387317A2 - Fungicidal active agent compounds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to novel active ingredient combinations containing the known fungicidal active ingredient bixafen and at least one plant growth regulator, which combinations are suitable for controlling undesired phytopathogen fungi. The invention further relates to a method for the curative or preventive treatment of phytopathogen fungi on plants or useful plants, especially for treating seeds, such as grain seeds, and to the seeds thus treated.

Description

 Fungicidal drug combinations

The present invention relates to novel drug combinations containing the known fungicidal active ingredient bixafen and at least one plant growth regulator, which are very well suited for controlling unwanted phytopathogenic fungi. The invention also relates to a process for the curative or preventive treatment of phytopathogenic fungi on plants or crops, in particular the treatment of seed, e.g. Cereal seed, and not least the treated seed itself.

It is already known that bixafen has fungicidal properties (see WO 03/070705). The effectiveness of this substance is good, but leaves in some cases to be desired.

Plant growth regulators, hereinafter also abbreviated to PGRs, are generally understood to mean compounds or mixtures which influence the behavior of ornamental or crop plants or their agricultural products through physiological (eg hormonal) effects in terms of growth and differentiation , PGRs can e.g. accelerate or retard the growth of plants, prolong or shorten the resting state, or promote root growth. In particular, some PGRs are capable of reducing plant height, stimulating germination, inducing flowering, darkening leaf color, or affecting the timing or efficiency of fruiting.

Thus plant growth regulators may e.g. inhibit the vegetative growth of plants, which is of interest on lawns, in ornamental plants, in orchards, on street embankments, on sports and industrial facilities, but also in the targeted inhibition of secondary drives such as tobacco. In agriculture, the inhibition of vegetative growth in cereals leads to reduced storage by means of a stalk reinforcement. Similar effect is achieved e.g. in rapeseed, sunflower and corn. Furthermore, by inhibiting vegetative growth, the number of plants / shoots per area can be increased.

Through plant growth regulators the yield can be influenced quantitatively (eg latex flow) or qualitatively (eg sugar content), the apikaidominance can be broken and side shoots can be promoted (eg ornamental plants), flowering and fruiting can be promoted (eg thinning of fruit trees for alternation breaking, Fruit abscission in olives for mechanical harvesting), the fruit ripeness can be harmonized with growth regulators, accelerated or retarded (eg capsule opening in cotton, ripening of tomatoes or bananas).

With growth regulators, plants can be made more resistant to environmental stress such as drought, cold or soil salt content. Finally, with plant growth regulators the Defoliation of crops are selectively induced in time, so that the mechanical harvest in crops such as cotton, potatoes or vines is facilitated or made possible.

Usually, growth regulators have no useful, direct fungicidal action, even though there are individual classes of growth regulators with minor fungicidal activity.

It is further known that mixtures of certain fungicidal carboxanilides with certain growth regulators have synergistic properties (see WO 2008/095890).

Since the ecological and economic requirements of modern fungicides are constantly increasing, for example with regard to spectrum of action, toxicity, selectivity, application rate, residue formation and favorable manufacturability, and in addition, e.g. Problems with resistance can occur, there is the constant task of developing new fungicides and fungicidal drug combinations that help overcome the disadvantages mentioned at least in some areas.

The present invention provides drug combinations or agents which solve the stated problem in at least some aspects.

It has now surprisingly been found that the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention have a synergistic effect. As a result, on the one hand the usual application rate of the individual substances can be reduced. On the other hand, the active compound combinations according to the invention still offer a high degree of action against phytopathogens, even if the individual compounds are used in amounts in which they show no (sufficient) effect themselves. This basically allows a widening of the spectrum of action on the one hand and a higher safety in handling and lower environmental pollution on the other hand. In addition, it is possible, by using the combinations according to the invention, to achieve a greatly improved fungicidal activity while at the same time protecting against bearing damage by the hemi-reinforcing action of the growth regulators with only one plant treatment.

In addition to the fungicidal synergistic effect, the active compound combinations according to the invention can have further surprising properties which can also be called synergistic in a broader sense, such as: the expansion of the activity spectrum, for example to resistant pathogens of plant diseases; lower application rates of the active ingredient; sufficient pest control with the aid of the active compound combinations according to the invention even at such application rates at which the individual active ingredients show no or almost no effect; favorable behavior during formulation or during use, eg during milling, sieving, emulsification, dissolution or application; improved storage or light stability; more advantageous formation of residues; improved toxicological or ecotoxicological behavior; improved properties for the plant, eg better growth, increased crop yields, better developed root system, larger leaf area, greener leaves, stronger seedlings, less phytotoxicity, mobilization of the plant's defense, good plant tolerance. Thus, when applied, the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention contribute significantly to the health of young cereal stocks, thereby increasing the wintering performance of the treated cereal seed and ensuring the formation of quality and yield. The active compound combinations according to the invention can also contribute to an improved systemic effect. Even if the individual active ingredients of the combination do not possess adequate systemic properties, the active ingredient combinations according to the invention can certainly exhibit this property. Similarly, the active compound combinations according to the invention can lead to an increased persistence of the fungicidal action.

It has now been found that containing drug combinations

(1) Bixafen {chemical name: N- (3 ', 4'-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide} or its salts and

(2) at least one plant growth regulator

possess very good fungicidal properties.

Plant growth regulators may be any compounds or mixtures capable of affecting the germination, growth, maturation or development of plants or their fruits. These plant growth regulators can be divided into different subclasses, which are given here by way of example:

Antiauxins such as clofibrin [2- (4-chlorophenoxy) -2-methylpropanoic acid] and 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid;

Auxins such as 4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), 2,4-DB [4- (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid], 2,4-DEP {Tris [2- (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) ethyl] phosphite}, dichloroprop, fenoprop, IAA (/ 3-indolessigsärue), IBA (4-indol-3-yl-butyric acid), Νaphthalene-acetamide, α-Νaphthaleneacetic acid, 1-Νaphthol, Naphthoacetic acid, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate, 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetic acid];

Cytokinins such as 2iP [N- (3-methylbut-2-enyl) -1H-purin-6-amine], benzyladenines, kinetin, zeatin;

Defoliants such as calcium cyanamide, dimethipine, endothal, ethephon, merphos, metoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron, tribufos;

Ethylene inhibitors such as aviglycine, aviglycine hydrochloride, 1-methylcyclopropene;

Ethylene generators such as ACC (1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid), etacelasil, ethephon, glyoxime; Gibberelhne, such as Gibberellin Al, A4, A7, Gibberelhnic Acid (= Gibberellm A3);

Growth inhibitors, such as abscismic acid, Ancymidol, Butrahn, Carbaryl, Chloφhonium or its chloride, Chlorpropham, Dikegulac, Dikegulac Natπum, Flumetrahn, Fluoπdamid, Fosamine, Glyphosine, Isopyπmol, Jasmonsaure, maleic hydrazide or its Kahumsalz, Mepiquat or its chloride, piproctanyl or its bromide , Prohydrojasmon, Propham, 2,3,5-Tn-iodobenzoic acid;

Morphactins such as chlorides, chlorofluorol, chlorofluorolmethyl, dichlorofluorol, flurenol;

Growth retardants / modifiers, such as chlormequat, chlormequat-chloπd, daminozides, fluoropmidol, mefluidides, mefluidide-diolamine, paclobutrazole, cyproconazole, tetcyclacis, uniconazole, uniconazole-P;

Growth stimulators, such as brassinhde, forchlorfenuron, hymexazole, 2-amino-6-oxypuridine derivatives, indolmon derivatives, 3,4-disubstituted maleimide derivatives, and azepinone derivatives;

unclassified PGRs such as Benzofluor, Bummafos, Carvone, Ciobutide, Clofencet, Clofence Potassium, Cloxyfonac, Cloxyfonac Natπum, Cyclanihde, Cycloheximide, Epocholeone, Ethychlozate, Ethylene, Fenridazon, Heptopargil, Holosulf, Inabenfide, Karetazan, Bleiarsenat, Methasulfocarb, Prohexadione Prohexadione-Calcium, Pydanone, Smtofen, Tπapenthenol, Tπnexapac and Tπnexapac-ethyl;

and other PGRs such as 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene, cloprop, 1-naphthylacetic acid ethylester, isoprothiolanes, ethyl MCPB-ethyl [4- (4-chloro-o-tolyloxy) butyrate], N-acetylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, n-decanol , Pelargonic acid, N-phenylphthalimic acid, Tecnazene, Tπacontanol, 2,3-dihydro-5,6-diphenyl-l, 4-oxathi-m, 2-cyano-3- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) acrylic acid, 2-hydrazinoethanol, Alorac, Amidochlor, BTS 44584 [dimethyl (4-pipinninocarbonyloxy-2,5-xylyl) sulfonium toluene-4-sulphonate], chloramphene, chlorofluorine, chlorofluoromethyl, dicamba-methyl, dichloroflorene, dichlorlorurenul-methyl, dimexano, Etacelasil, hexafluoroacetone trihydrate, N- (2-ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl) -Ν'-phenylurea, N, N-tolylphthalamic acid, N-pyrrolidinosuccinamic acid, propyl 3-tert-butylphenoxyacetate, pydanone, sodium (Z) 3-chloracrylate.

Preferably used are chlormequat, chlormequat-chloπd, cyclanihde, dimethipin, e-thephon, flumetrahn, fluφπmidol, inabenfide, mepiquat, mepiquat-chloπd, 1-methylcyclopropene, paclobutrazole, prohexadione-calcium, Prohydrojasmon, Tπbufos, thidiazuron, Tπnexapac, Tπnexapac -ethyl or uniconazole.

Tπnexapac-ethyl, Chlormequat-chloπd and paclobutrazole are particularly preferably used as PGR. All plant growth regulators mentioned above are known [cf. The Pesticide Manual, 14th Edition (2006) and the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names on the Internet home page http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/index.html].

If the active ingredients in the active compound combinations according to the invention are present in certain weight ratios, the synergistic effect is particularly pronounced. However, the weight ratios of the active ingredients in the drug combinations can be varied within a relatively wide range.

In general, 1 part by weight of bixafen accounts for 0.01-50, preferably 0.1-25, more preferably 1-15, most preferably 2-10 weight of plant growth regulator.

Highlighted are active ingredient combinations in which 1 part by weight of bixafen accounts for 3 or 10 parts by weight of plant growth regulator.

The active ingredient bixafen may optionally be in the form of its salts.

According to the invention, the expression "combination of active ingredients" means various possible combinations of the three abovementioned active ingredients, such as ready mixes, tank mixes (which are understood to be application and spraying mixtures which are prepared before application from the formulations of the individual active ingredients by combining and diluting) or combinations thereof (eg, a binary ready mix of two of the above-mentioned active ingredients with a formulation of the third single substance is transferred to a tank mix).

The present invention further relates to an agent for controlling unwanted microorganisms comprising the active compound combinations according to the invention. Preferably, they are fungicidal agents containing agriculturally useful auxiliaries, solvents, carriers, surfactants or extenders.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for controlling unwanted microorganisms, characterized in that the active ingredient combinations according to the invention are applied to the phytopathogenic fungi and / or their habitat.

According to the invention, the carrier means a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance with which the active ingredients for better applicability, v. A. for application to plants or plant parts or seeds, mixed or combined. The carrier, which may be solid or liquid, is generally inert and should be useful in agriculture.

Suitable solid or liquid carriers are: for example, ammonium salts and ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth. and ground minerals, such as fumed silica, alumina and natural or synthetic silicates, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, water, alcohols, especially butanol, organic solvents, mineral and vegetable oils and derivatives thereof. Mixtures of such carriers can also be used. As solid carriers for granules are: for example, broken and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, corncobs and tobacco stalks.

Suitable liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers are those liquids which are gaseous at normal temperature and under normal pressure, e.g. Aerosol propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, as well as butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

Adhesives such as carboxymethyl cellulose, natural and synthetic powdery, granular or latex polymers may be used in the formulations, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids. Other additives may be mineral and vegetable oils.

In the case of using water as an extender, e.g. also organic solvents can be used as auxiliary solvents. Suitable liquid solvents are essentially: aromatics, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or dichloromethane, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, e.g. Petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and water.

The compositions of the invention may additionally contain other ingredients, such as surfactants. Suitable surface-active substances are emulsifying and / or foam-forming agents, dispersants or wetting agents having ionic or nonionic properties or mixtures of these surface-active substances. Examples thereof are salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosulphonic acid, salts of phenolsulphonic acid or naphthalenesulphonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulphosuccinic acid esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyltaurates ), Phosphoric acid esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty acid esters of polyols, and derivatives of the compounds containing sulphates, sulphonates and phosphates, for example alkylarylpolyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkylsulphates, arylsulphonates, protein hydrolysates, lignin-sulphite liquors and methylcellulose. The presence of a surface-active substance is necessary if one of the active substances and / or one of the inert carrier Substances are not soluble in water and when applied in water. The proportion of surface-active substances is between 5 and 40 percent by weight of the agent according to the invention.

Dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g. Iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

Optionally, other additional components may also be included, e.g. protective colloids, binders, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic substances, penetration promoters, stabilizers, sequestering agents, complexing agents. In general, the active ingredients can be combined with any solid or liquid additive commonly used for formulation purposes.

In general, the agents and formulations according to the invention contain between 0.05 and 99% by weight, 0.01 and 98% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 95% by weight, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 90%. Active ingredient, most preferably between 10 and 70 weight percent.

The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention can be used as such or as a function of their physical and / or chemical properties in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, such as aerosols, capsule suspensions, cold mist concentrates, hot mist concentrates, encapsulated granules, fine granules, flowable concentrates for the treatment of seed, ready-to-use solutions, dustable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, macrogranules, microgranules, oil-dispersible powders, oil-miscible flowable concentrates, oil-miscible liquids, foams, Pastes, pesticide-coated seeds, suspension concentrates, suspension-emulsion concentrates, soluble concentrates, suspensions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts and granules, water-soluble granules or tablets, water-soluble powders for seed treatment, wettable powders, active substances ff-impregnated natural and synthetic substances as well as ultrafine encapsulations in polymeric materials and in coating compositions for seeds, as well as ULV-KaIt and warm mist formulations.

The formulations mentioned can be prepared in a manner known per se, e.g. by mixing the active compounds or the active ingredient combinations with at least one customary diluent, solvent or diluent, emulsifier, dispersing and / or binding or fixing agent, wetting agent, water repellent, optionally siccatives and UV stabilizers and optionally dyes and pigments, Defoamers, preservatives, secondary thickeners, kieses, gibberellins and other processing aids.

The compositions according to the invention comprise not only formulations which are already ready for use and which can be applied to the plant or the seed with a suitable apparatus, but also commercial concentrates which have to be diluted with water before use. - o -

The active compounds according to the invention can be used as such or in their (commercially available) formulations and in the formulations prepared from these formulations in admixture with other (known) active ingredients such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides , Fertilizers, safeners or semiochemicals.

The treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active ingredient combinations or agents is carried out directly or by acting on their environment, habitat or storage space according to the usual treatment methods, e.g. by dipping, spraying, spraying, sprinkling, evaporating, atomizing, atomizing, sprinkling, foaming, brushing, spreading, drenching, drip irrigation and propagating material, in particular for seeds by dry pickling, wet pickling, slurry pickling, encrusting, single or multi-layer wrapping, etc. It is also possible to apply the active ingredients by the ultra-low-volume method or to inject the active ingredient preparation or the active ingredient itself into the soil.

The invention further comprises a method of treating seed.

The invention further relates to seed which has been treated according to one of the methods described in the previous paragraph. The seed according to the invention is used in processes for the protection of seed from undesired microorganisms. In these, a seed treated with at least one active ingredient according to the invention is used.

The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention are also suitable for the treatment of seed. Much of the crop damage caused by harmful organisms is caused by infestation of the seed during storage or after sowing, and during and after germination of the plant. This phase is particularly critical because the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly sensitive and may cause even minor damage to the plant's death. There is therefore a great interest in protecting the seed and the germinating plant by using suitable means.

The control of phytopathogenic fungi by the treatment of the seed of plants has long been known and is the subject of constant improvement. Nevertheless, there are a number of problems in the treatment of seeds that can not always be satisfactorily resolved. Thus, it is desirable to develop methods for protecting the seed and the germinating plant, which eliminate or at least significantly reduce the additional application of crop protection agents after sowing or after emergence of the plants. It is also desirable to optimize the amount of the active ingredient used in such a way that the seed and the germinating plant are best protected against attack by phytopathogenic fungi, However, without damaging the plant itself by the active ingredient used. In particular, methods for treating seed should also include the intrinsic fungicidal properties of transgenic plants in order to achieve optimum protection of the seed and the germinating plant with a minimum of pesticide use.

The present invention therefore also relates to a method of protecting seed and germinating plants from the infestation of phytopathogenic fungi by treating the seed with an agent according to the invention. The invention also relates to the use of the seed treatment agents of the invention for protecting the seed and the germinating plant from phytopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed which has been treated with an agent according to the invention for protection against phytopathogenic fungi.

The control of phytopathogenic fungi, which damage plants after emergence, takes place primarily through the treatment of the soil and the above-ground parts of plants with pesticides. Due to concerns about the potential impact of crop protection products on the environment and human and animal health, efforts are being made to reduce the amount of active ingredients applied.

One of the advantages of the present invention is that due to the systemic properties of the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention, the treatment of the seeds with these active ingredients or agents protects not only the seed itself, but also the resulting plants after emergence from phytopathogenic fungi. In this way, the immediate treatment of the culture at the time of sowing or shortly afterwards can be omitted.

Likewise, it is considered to be advantageous that the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention can also be used in particular in the case of transgenic seed, wherein the plant growing from this seed is capable of expressing a protein which acts against pests. By treating such seeds with the active compounds or agents according to the invention, it is possible to combat pests already determined by the expression of, for example, insecticidal protein. Surprisingly, a further synergistic effect can be observed, which additionally increases the effectiveness for protection against pest infestation.

The compositions according to the invention are suitable for the protection of seed of any plant variety used in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in forests or in horticulture and viticulture. In particular, these are seeds of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale, millet and oats), corn, cotton, soy, rice, potatoes, sunflower, bean, coffee, turnip (eg sugar beet and fodder beet), Peanut, canola, poppy, olive, coconut, cocoa, sugarcane, tobacco, vegetables (such as tomato, cucumber, onions and lettuce), turf and ornamental plants (see also below). special the importance of treating the seeds of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale and oats), maize and rice is of major importance.

As also described below, the treatment of transgenic seed with the active compounds or agents according to the invention is of particular importance. This concerns the seed of plants containing at least one heterologous gene, e.g. allows the expression of a polypeptide or protein having insecticidal properties. The heterologous gene in transgenic seed may e.g. from microorganisms of the species Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavabacter, Glomus or Gliocladium. Preferably, this heterologous gene is derived from Bacillus sp., Wherein the gene product has an activity against the European corn borer and / or Western Com Rootworm. Most preferably, the heterologous gene is from Bacillus thuringiensis.

In the context of the present invention, the agent according to the invention is applied to the seed alone or in a suitable formulation. Preferably, the seed is treated in a state where it is so stable that no damage occurs during the treatment. In general, the treatment of the seed can be done at any time between harvesting and sowing. Usually, seed is used which has been separated from the plant and freed from flasks, shells, stalks, hull, wool or pulp. For example, seed may be used which has been harvested, cleaned and dried to a moisture content of below 15% by weight. Alternatively, seed may also be used which, after drying, e.g. treated with water and then dried again.

In general, care must be taken during the treatment of the seed that the amount of the agent of the invention applied to the seed and / or other additives is chosen so that the germination of the seed is not impaired or the resulting plant is not damaged. This is especially important for active ingredients, which can show phytotoxic effects in certain application rates.

The agents according to the invention can be applied directly, ie without containing further components and without being diluted. In general, it is preferable to apply the agents to the seed in the form of a suitable formulation. Suitable formulations and methods for seed treatment are known to those skilled in the art and are described e.g. in the following documents: US 4,272,417 A, US 4,245,432 A, US 4,808,430 A, US 5,876,739 A, US 2003/0176428 A1, WO 2002/080675 A1, WO 2002/028186 A2.

The active compounds which can be used according to the invention can be converted into the customary seed dressing formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other seed coating compositions, as well as ULV formulations. These formulations are prepared in a known manner by mixing the active ingredients with conventional additives, such as conventional extenders and solvents or diluents, dyes, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, defoamers, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, Gibberelhne and water.

Dyes which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all dyes customary for such purposes. Both water-insoluble pigments and water-soluble dyes are useful in this case. Examples which may be mentioned under the names rhodamine B, CI. Pigment Red 112 and CI. Solvent Red 1 known dyes.

Suitable wetting agents which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all wetting-promoting substances customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds. Preference is given to using alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, such as dinopropyl or dnsobutylnaphthalene sulfonates.

Suitable dispersants and / or emulsifiers which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds. Preference is given to using nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants. Particularly suitable nonionic dispersants are, in particular, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide, block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and also trisylphenyl nol polyglycol ethers and their phosphated or sulfated derivatives. Suitable anionic dispersants are in particular lignosulfonates, polyacrylic acid salts and arylsulfonate-formaldehyde condensates.

Defoamers which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all foam-inhibiting substances customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds. Sihkonentschäumer and magnesium stearate are preferably used.

Preservatives which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all substances which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples include dichlorophen and Benzylalkoholhemiformal.

Suitable secondary thickeners which may be present in the seed dressing formations which can be used according to the invention are all substances which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Preference is given to cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clays and highly dispersed silicic acid. Suitable adhesives which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are all customary binders which can be used in pickling agents. Preferably mentioned are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and Tylose.

Gibberellins which may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention are preferably the gibberellins Al, A3 (= gibberellic acid), A4 and A7, and gibberellic acid is particularly preferably used. The gibberellins are known (see R. Wegler "Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schädlingsbekungsmittel", Vol. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, pp. 401-412).

The seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention can be used either directly or after prior dilution with water for the treatment of seed of various kinds, including seed of transgenic plants. In this case, additional synergistic effects may occur in interaction with the substances formed by expression.

For the treatment of seed with the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention or the preparations prepared therefrom by the addition of water, all mixing devices customarily usable for the dressing can be considered. Specifically, in the pickling procedure, the seed is placed in a mixer which adds either desired amount of seed dressing formulations either as such or after prior dilution with water and mixes until evenly distributed the formulation on the seed. Optionally, a drying process follows.

The active compounds or compositions according to the invention have a strong microbicidal action and can be used for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, in crop protection and in the protection of materials.

Fungicides can be used for the control of Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.

Bactericides can be used in crop protection for controlling Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.

The fungicidal compositions according to the invention can be used curatively or protectively for controlling phytopathogenic fungi. The invention therefore also relates to curative and protective methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi by the use of the active compounds or agents according to the invention, which is applied to the seed, the plant or plant parts, the fruits or the soil in which the plants grow.

The compositions of the invention for controlling phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection comprise an effective but non-phytotoxic amount of the active compounds according to the invention. "active same but non-phytotoxic amount "means an amount of the agent of the invention sufficient to control or completely kill fungal disease of the plant and at the same time not cause any significant phytotoxicity symptoms It depends on a number of factors, for example the fungus to be controlled, the plant, the climatic conditions and the ingredients of the agents according to the invention.

The good plant compatibility of the active substance combinations in the concentrations necessary for controlling plant diseases allows a treatment of plant parts, planting and seed, and of the soil.

According to the invention, all plants and parts of plants can be treated. In this context, plants are understood as meaning all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant varieties which can or can not be protected by plant variety rights. Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all obeπrdischen and unteπrdischen parts and organs of the plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, with examples of leaves, needles, stems, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds and roots, tubers and rhizomes listed become. The plant parts also include crops and vegetative and generative propagation material, such as cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and seeds.

The active compound combinations according to the invention are suitable for good plant tolerance, favorable toxicity to warm-blooded animals and good environmental compatibility for the protection of plants and plant organs, for increasing crop yields, improving the quality of the harvested crop. They can preferably be used as crop protection agents. They are effective against normally sensitive and resistant species as well as against all or individual stages of development.

As plants which can be treated according to the invention, mention may be made of the following: cotton, flax, grapevine, fruits, vegetables such as rosaceae sp (for example, pomes such as apple and pear, but also drupes such as api cos, cherries, almonds and peaches, and soft fruits such as strawberries. renes), Ribesioidae sp, Juglandaceae sp, Betulaceae sp, Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp, Moraceae sp, Oleaceae sp, Actimdaceae sp, Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp (for example banana trees and plantations), Rubiaceae sp (for example coffee), Theaceae sp, Sterculiceae sp, Rutaceae sp (for example, lemons, organs and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp (for example tomatoes), Liliaceae sp, Asteraceae sp (for example lettuce), Umbelhferae sp, Cruciferae sp, Chenopodiaceae sp, Cucurbita ceae sp. (for example cucumber), Alliaceae sp. leek, onion), Papilionaceae sp. (for example, peas); Main crops, such as Gramineae sp. (for example corn, turf, cereals such as wheat, rye, rice, barley, oats, millet and triticale), Asteraceae sp. (for example sunflower), Brassicaceae sp. (for example, white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes and rapeseed, mustard, horseradish and cress), Fabacae sp. (for example, bean, peanuts), Papilionaceae sp. (for example, soybean), Solanaceae sp. (for example potatoes), Chenopodiaceae sp. (for example, sugar beet, fodder beet, Swiss chard, beet); Useful plants and ornamental plants in the garden and forest; and each genetically modified species of these plants.

As already mentioned above, according to the invention all plants and their parts can be treated. In a preferred embodiment, wild-type or plant species obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and plant cultivars and their parts are treated. In a further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof are treated. The term "parts" or "parts of plants" or "parts of plants" has been explained above.Propeas of the respective commercially available or in use plant varieties are particularly preferably treated according to the invention plants are understood as meaning new plants ("traits"). which have been bred either by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These may be varieties, breeds, biotypes and genotypes.

The treatment method according to the invention can be used for the treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), eg. As plants or seeds are used. Genetically modified plants (or transgenic plants) are plants in which a heterologous gene has been stably integrated into the genome. The term "heterologous gene" essentially means a gene which is provided or assembled outside the plant and which, when introduced into the nuclear genome, the chloroplast genome or the hypochondriacal genome, imparts new or improved agronomic or other properties to the transformed plant Expressing protein or polypeptide or that it downregulates or shuts down another gene present in the plant or other genes present in the plant (for example by means of antisense technology, cosuppression technology or RNAi technology [RNA Interference]) A heterologous gene present in the genome is also referred to as a transgene A transgene defined by its specific presence in the plant genome is referred to as a transformation or transgenic event.

Depending on the plant species or plant varieties, their location and their growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the invention leads For example, the following effects are possible, which go beyond the actually expected effects: reduced application rates and / or extended spectrum of action and / or increased effectiveness of the active ingredients and compositions which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to dryness or water or soil salinity, increased flowering, crop relief, maturing, higher yields, larger fruits, greater plant height, intense green color of the leaf, earlier flowering, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested products, higher sugar concentration in the fruits, better shelf life and / or processability of the harvested products.

At certain application rates, the active compound combinations according to the invention can also exert a strengthening effect on plants. They are also suitable for mobilizing the plant defense system against attack by undesirable phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms and / or viruses. These may optionally be reasons for the increased effectiveness of the combinations according to the invention, for example against fungi. Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances in the present context should also mean those substances or substance combinations capable of stimulating the plant defense system in such a way that the treated plants, when subsequently inoculated with undesirable phytopathogenic fungi, have a considerable degree of resistance to these undesired ones exhibit phytopathogenic fungi. The substances according to the invention can therefore be employed for the protection of plants against attack by the mentioned pathogens within a certain period of time after the treatment. The period of time over which a protective effect is achieved generally extends from 1 to 70 days, preferably 1 to 30 days, after the treatment of the plants with the active substances.

Plants and plant varieties which are preferably treated according to the invention include all plants which have genetic material which gives these plants particularly advantageous, useful features (regardless of whether this was achieved by breeding and / or biotechnology).

Plants and plant varieties which are also preferably treated according to the invention are resistant to one or more biotic stressors, i. H. These plants have an improved defense against African and microbial pests such as nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and / or viroids.

Plants and plant varieties which can also be treated according to the invention are those plants which are resistant to one or more abiotic stress factors. Abiotic stress conditions may include, for example, drought, cold and heat conditions, osmotic stress, waterlogging, increased soil salt content, increased exposure to minerals, ozone conditions, - -

High light conditions, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorous nutrients or avoidance of shadows.

Plants and plant varieties which can also be treated according to the invention are those plants which are characterized by increased yield properties. An increased yield can in these plants z. B. based on improved plant physiology, improved plant growth and improved plant development, such as Wasserverwertungseffϊzienz, Wasserhalteeffϊcienz, improved nitrogen utilization, increased carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination and accelerated Abreife. Yield can be further influenced by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including early flowering, control of flowering for hybrid seed production, seedling growth, plant size, internode count and spacing, root growth, seed size, fruit size, Pod size, pod or ear number, number of seeds per pod or ear, seed mass, increased seed filling, reduced seed drop, reduced pod popping and stability. Other yield-related traits include seed composition such as carbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction of nontoxic compounds, improved processability, and improved shelf life.

Plants which can be treated according to the invention are hybrid plants which already express the properties of the heterosis or of the hybrid effect, which generally leads to higher yields, higher vigor, better health and better resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Such plants are typically produced by crossing an inbred male sterile parental line (the female crossover partner) with another inbred male fertile parent line (the male crossbred partner). The hybrid seed is typically harvested from the male sterile plants and sold to propagators. Pollen sterile plants can sometimes be produced (eg in maize) by delaving (ie mechanical removal of the male reproductive organs or the male flowers); however, it is more common for male sterility to be due to genetic determinants in the plant genome. In this case, especially when the desired product, as one wants to harvest from the hybrid plants, is the seeds, it is usually beneficial to ensure that the pollen fertility in hybrid plants containing the genetic determinants responsible for male sterility , completely restored. This can be achieved by ensuring that the male crossbred partners possess appropriate fertility restorers capable of restoring pollen fertility in hybrid plants containing the genetic determinants responsible for male sterility. Genetic determinants of pollen sterility may be localized in the cytoplasm. Examples of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) have been described, for example, for Brassica species. However, genetic determinants of pollen sterility may also be localized in the nuclear genome. Pollen sterile plants can also be obtained with methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering. A particularly convenient means of producing male-sterile plants is described in WO 89/10396, wherein, for example, a ribonuclease such as a Bamase is selectively expressed in the tapetum cells in the stamens. The fertility can then be restorated by expression of a ribonuclease inhibitor such as barstar in the tapetum cells.

Other plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods, such as genetic engineering) which can be treated according to the invention are herbicide-tolerant plants, d. H. Plants tolerant to one or more given herbicides. Such plants can be obtained either by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such herbicide tolerance.

Herbicide-tolerant plants are, for example, glyphosate-tolerant plants, i. H. Plants tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate or its salts. Thus, for example, glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the plant with a gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of such EPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium, the CP4 gene of the bacterium Agrobacterium sp., The genes for a EPSPS from the petunia, for a EPSPS from the tomato or for a Encoding EPSPS from Eleusine. It can also be a mutated EPSPS. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene encoding a glyphosate oxidoreductase enzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene encoding a glyphosate acetyltransferase enzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by selecting plants that select naturally occurring mutations of the above mentioned genes.

Other herbicidally resistant plants are, for example, plants tolerant to herbicides which inhibit the enzyme glutamine synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinotricin or glufosinate. Such plants can be obtained by expressing an enzyme which detoxifies the herbicide or expresses a mutant of the enzyme glutamine synthase, which is resistant to inhibition. Such an effective detoxifying enzyme is, for example, an enzyme encoding a phosphinotricin acetyltransferase (such as the bar or pat protein from Streptomyces species). Plants expressing an exogenous phosphinotricin acetyltransferase have been described.

Further herbicide-tolerant plants are also plants tolerant to the herbicides which inhibit the enzyme hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). The hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the reaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is converted to homogentisate. Plants that are - o - are tolerant of HPPD inhibitors, can be transformed with a gene that codes for a naturally occurring resistant HPPD enzyme, or a gene that codes for an imitated HPPD enzyme. Tolerance to HPPD inhibitors can also be achieved by transforming plants with genes encoding certain enzymes that allow the production of homogentisate despite inhibition of the native HPPD enzyme by the HPPD inhibitor. The tolerance of plants to HPPD inhibitors can also be improved by transforming plants with a gene encoding a prephenate dehydrogenase enzyme in addition to a gene encoding an HPPD-tolerant enzyme.

Other herbicide-resistant plants are plants that have been tolerated to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Examples of known ALS inhibitors include sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinyloxy (thio) benzoates and / or sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides. It is known that various mutations in the enzyme ALS (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase, AHAS) confer tolerance to different herbicides or groups of herbicides. The preparation of sulfonylurea tolerant plants and imidazolinone tolerant plants is described in International Publication WO 1996/033270. Other sulfonylurea and imidazolinone tolerant plants are also disclosed in e.g. WO 2007/024782 described.

Other plants which are tolerant to imidazolinone and / or sulfonylurea can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell cultures in the presence of the herbicide or by mutation breeding.

Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which can also be treated according to the invention are insect-resistant transgenic plants, i. Plants that have been made resistant to attack by certain target insects. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such insect resistance.

The term "insect-resistant transgenic plant" as used herein includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a coding sequence encoding:

1) an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or an insecticidal part thereof, such as the insecticidal crystal proteins described online at: http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/, or insecticidal parts thereof, eg proteins of the cry protein classes CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylF, Cry2Ab, Cry3Ae or Cry3Bb or insecticidal parts thereof; or 2) a Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein or a part thereof which is insecticidal in the presence of a second crystal protein other than Bacillus thuringiensis or a part thereof, such as the binary toxin consisting of the crystal proteins Cy34 and Cy35; or

3) an insecticidal hybrid protein comprising parts of two different insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as a hybrid of the proteins of

1) above or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above, e.g. The protein CrylA.105 produced by the corn event MON98034 (WO 2007/027777); or

4) a protein according to any one of items 1) to 3) above, in which some, in particular 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid in order to achieve a higher insecticidal activity against a target insect species and / or the spectrum the corresponding

To expand target insect species and / or due to changes induced in the coding DNA during cloning or transformation, such as the protein Cry3Bbl in maize events MON863 or MON88017 or the protein Cry3A in the maize event MIR 604;

5) an insecticidal secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus or an insecticidal part thereof, such as the vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs) described in U.S. Pat

http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html are listed, for. B. Proteins of protein class VIP3Aa; or

6) a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus that is insecticidal in the presence of a second secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus, such as the binary toxin consisting of the proteins VIPlA and VIP2A.

7) a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts of various secreted proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above; or

8) a protein according to any one of items 1) to 3) above, in which some, in particular 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid in order to achieve a higher insecticidal activity against a target insect species and / or the spectrum of the corresponding To expand target insect species and / or due to alterations induced in the coding DNA during cloning or transformation (preserving the coding for an insecticidal protein), such as the protein VIP3Aa in cotton event COT 102.

Of course, insect-resistant transgenic plants in the present context include any plant comprising a combination of genes encoding the proteins of any of the above codes 1 to 8. In one embodiment, an insect resistant plant contains more than one transgene encoding a protein of any one of the above 1 to 8 in order to extend the spectrum of the corresponding target insect species or to delay the development of resistance of the insects to the plants by uses different proteins which are insecticidal for the same target insect species, but have a different mode of action, such as binding to different receptor binding sites in the insect.

Plants or plant varieties (obtained by methods of plant biotechnology, such as genetic engineering), which can also be treated according to the invention, are tolerant to abiotic stress factors. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such stress resistance. Particularly useful plants with stress tolerance include the following:

a. Plants which contain a transgene which is able to reduce the expression and / or activity of the gene for the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in the plant cells or plants.

b. Plants containing a stress tolerance-enhancing transgene capable of reducing the expression and / or activity of the PARG-encoding genes of the plants or plant cells;

c. Plants containing a stress tolerance-enhancing transgene encoding a plant-functional enzyme of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage biosynthetic pathway, including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyltransferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase.

Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which can also be treated according to the invention have a changed amount, quality and / or storability of the harvested product and / or altered characteristics of certain components of the harvested product, such as:

1) Transgenic plants which synthesize a modified starch with respect to their chemical-physical properties, in particular the amylose content or the Amylose / amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the average chain length, the distribution of the side chains, the viscosity behavior, the Gel strength, the starch grain size and / or starch grain morphology is changed in WiId-type plant cells or plants compared with the synthesized starch, so that this modified starch is better suited for certain applications.

2) Transgenic plants that synthesize non-starch carbohydrate polymers, or non-starch carbohydrate polymers, whose properties compared to wild-type plants without genetic Modification are changed. Examples are plants that produce polyfructose, particularly of the inulin and levan type, plants that produce alpha-1,4-glucans, plants that produce alpha-1,6-branched alpha-1,4-glucans, and plants that produce Produce alternan.

3) Transgenic plants that produce hyaluronan.

Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering), which can also be treated according to the invention, are plants such as cotton plants with altered fiber properties. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such altered fiber properties; these include:

a) plants such as cotton plants containing an altered form of cellulose synthase genes,

b) plants, such as cotton plants, containing an altered form of rsw2 or rsw3 homologous nucleic acids;

c) plants such as cotton plants with increased expression of the sucrose phosphate synthase;

d) plants such as cotton plants with increased expression of sucrose synthase;

e) plants such as cotton plants in which the timing of the passage control of the Plasmodesmen is changed at the base of the fiber cell, z. By down-regulating the fiber-selective β-1,3-glucanase;

f) plants such as cotton plants with modified reactivity fibers, e.g. By expression of the N-acetylglucosamine transferase gene, including nodC, and chitin synthase genes.

Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which can also be treated according to the invention are plants such as oilseed rape or related Brassica plants with altered oil composition properties. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation conferring such altered oil properties; these include:

a) plants, such as oilseed rape plants, which produce oil of high oleic acid content;

b) plants such as oilseed rape plants, which produce oil with a low linolenic acid content.

c) plants such as rape plants that produce oil with a low saturated fatty acid content. Particularly useful transgenic plants which can be treated according to the invention are plants having one or more genes which code for one or more toxins, the transgenic plants sold under the following tradenames: YTELD GARD® (for example corn, cotton, Soybeans), KnockOut® (for example, corn), BiteGard® (for example, corn), BT-Xtra® (for example, corn), StarLink® (for example, corn), Bollgard® (cotton), Nucotn® (cotton) , Nucotn 33B® (cotton), NatureGard® (for example corn), Protecta® and NewLeaf® (potato). Herbicide-tolerant crops to be mentioned include, for example, corn, cotton and soybean varieties sold under the following tradenames: Roundup Ready® (glyphosate tolerance, for example corn, cotton, soybean), Liberty Link® (phosphinotricin tolerance, for example Rapeseed), EMI® (imidazolinone tolerance) and SCS® (sylphonylurea tolerance), for example maize. Herbicide-resistant plants (plants traditionally grown for herbicide tolerance) to be mentioned include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield® (for example corn).

Particularly useful transgenic plants that can be treated according to the invention are plants that contain transformation events, or a combination of transformation events, and that are listed, for example, in the files of various national or regional authorities (see, for example, http: // /gmoinfo.jrc.it/gmp_browse.aspx and http://www.agbios.com/dbase.php).

The active compounds or compositions according to the invention can also be used in the protection of materials for the protection of industrial materials against attack and destruction by undesired microorganisms, such as e.g. Mushrooms, are used.

Technical materials as used herein mean non-living materials that have been prepared for use in the art. For example, technical materials to be protected from microbial change or destruction by the active compounds according to the invention may be adhesives, glues, paper, wallboard and cardboard, textiles, carpets, leather, wood, paints and plastic articles, cooling lubricants and other materials which can be attacked or decomposed by microorganisms. The materials to be protected also include parts of production plants and buildings, eg cooling water circuits, cooling and heating systems and ventilation and air conditioning systems, which may be affected by the proliferation of microorganisms. In the context of the present invention, technical materials which may be mentioned are preferably adhesives, glues, papers and cartons, leather, wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat transfer fluids, particularly preferably wood. The active compounds or compositions according to the invention can prevent adverse effects such as decay, deterioration, decomposition, discoloration or mold. In addition, the compounds according to the invention can be used to protect against growth of objects, in particular of hulls, sieves, nets, etc. zen, buildings, wharves and signal systems which come into contact with sea or brackish water.

The inventive method for controlling unwanted fungi can also be used for the protection of so-called storage goods. The term "storage goods" is understood as meaning natural substances of vegetable or vegetable origin or their processed products which have been taken from nature and for which long-term protection is desired Storage goods of plant origin, such as plants or plant parts, such as stems, leaves, tubers , Seeds, fruits, grains, can be protected in freshly harvested condition or after processing by (pre-) drying, wetting, crushing, grinding, pressing or roasting.Storage goods also includes lumber, whether unprocessed, such as lumber, power pylons and Barriers, or in the form of finished products, such as furniture.Storage Goods tieπschen origin are, for example, skins, leather, furs and hair.The active compounds of the invention can prevent adverse effects such as decay, deterioration, Ver, discoloration or mold.

By way of example, but not by way of limitation, some pathogens of fungal diseases which can be treated according to the invention are named:

Diseases caused by powdery mildews such as e.g. Blumeπa species, such as Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera species, such as Podosphaera leucotπcha; Sphaerotheca species, such as Sphaerotheca fuhginea; Uncmula species, such as Uncinula necator;

Diseases caused by causative agents of rust diseases, such as Gymnosporangium species such as Gymnosporangium sabinae; Hemileia species, such as Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species such as Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia species, such as Puccmia graminis, Puccinia recondita or Puccinia tπticina; U-romyces species such as Uromyces appendiculatus;

Diseases caused by pathogens of the group of Oomycetes, e.g. Bremia species, such as Bremia lactucae; Peronospora species such as Peronospora pisi or P. brassicae; Phytophthora species, such as Phytophthora infestans; Plasmopara species, such as Plasmopara viticola; Pseudoperonospora species, such as, for example, Pseudoperonospora humuh or Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium species such as Pythium ultimum;

Leaf spot diseases and leaf wilt caused by eg Alternaπa species, such as Alternaria solani; Cercospora species, such as Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporum species, such as Cladiospoπum cucumeπnum; Cochliobolus species, such as Cochhobolus sativus (conidia form: Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosponum); Colletotπchum species, such as Colletotrichum Lindemuthanium; Cycloconium species, such as, for example, cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe species, such as Diaporthe citri; Elsinoe species, such as Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium species, such as, for example, Gloeosporium laeticolor; Glomerella species, such as Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia species, such as Guignardia bidwelli; Leptosphaeria species, such as Leptosphaeria maculans; Magna-Porthe species, such as Magnaporthe grisea; Microdochium species, such as Microchochium nivale; Mycosphaerella species, such as Mycosphaerella graminicola and M. fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria species, such as Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Pyrenophora species, such as, for example, Pyrenophora teres; Ramularia species, such as Ramularia collo-cygni; Rhynchosporium species, such as Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria species, such as Septoria apii; Typhula species, such as Typhula incarnata; Venturia species, such as Venturia inaequalis;

Root and stem diseases caused by e.g. Corticium species, such as, for example, Cor- ticium graminearum; Fusarium species such as Fusarium oxysporum; Gaeumannomyces species such as Gaeumannomyces graminis; Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Tapesia species, such as Tapesia acuformis; Thielaviopsis species, such as Thielaviopsis basicola;

Ear and panicle diseases (including corncob) caused by e.g. Alternaria species, such as Alternaria spp .; Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Celadporium species such as, for example, Cladosporium cladosporioides; Claviceps species, such as Claviceps purpurea; Fusarium species such as Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, such as Gibberella zeae; Monographella species, such as Monographella nivalis; Septoria species such as Septoria nodorum;

Diseases caused by fire fungi, e.g. Sphacelotheca species, such as Sphacelotheca reiliana; Tilletia species such as Tilletia caries, T. controversa; Urocystis species, such as Urocystis occulta; Ustilago species such as Ustilago nuda, U. nuda tritici;

Fruit rot caused by e.g. Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis species, such as Botrytis cinerea; Penicillium species such as, for example, Penicillium expansum and P. purpurogenum; Sclerotinia species, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum;

Verticilium species such as Verticilium alboatrum;

Seed and soil rots and wilts, and seedling diseases caused by, for example, Fusarium species such as Fusarium culmorum; Phytophthora species, such as Phytophthora cactorum; Pythium species such as Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctoma species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium species, such as Sclerotium rolfsn;

Cancers, galls and witches brooms caused by e.g. Nectπa species, such as Nectria galhgena;

Wilt diseases caused by e.g. Monihnia species, such as Monihnia laxa;

Deformations of leaves, flowers and fruits caused by e.g. Taphna species, such as Taphna deformans;

Degenerative diseases of woody plants caused by e.g. Esca species such as Phaemoniella clamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophüum and Fomitipoπa mediterranea;

Flower and seed diseases caused by, for example, Botrytis species, such as Botrytis cinerea;

Diseases of plant tubers caused by e.g. Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Helminthosponum species, such as Helminthospoπum solani;

Diseases caused by bacterial agents such as e.g. Xanthomonas species, such as, for example, Xanthomonas campestπs pv. Oryzae; Pseudomonas species, such as Pseudomonas syπngae pv. Lachrymans; Erwima species, such as Erwmia amylovora;

Preferably, the following diseases of soybean beans can be controlled:

Fungal diseases on leaves, stems, pods and seeds caused by e.g. Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria spec. Atrans tenuissima), Anthracnose (Colletotπchum gloeosporoides dematium var. Truncatum), Brown spot (Septoπa glycines), Cercospora leaf spot and bhght (Cercospora kikuchn), Choanephora leaf bhght (Choanephora lnfundibuhfera tπspora (Syn.)) , Dactuliophora leaf spot (Dactophora glycines), Downy Mildew (Peronospora manshuπca), Drechslera bhght (Drechslera glycini), Frogeye Leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), Leptosphaeruhna Leaf Spot (Phyllosticta sojaecola), Leptosphaerulina trifoln leaf spot (Phyllosticta sojaecola) , Pod and Star Bhght (Phomopsis sojae), Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera diffusa), Pyrenochaeta Leaf Spot (Pyrenochaeta glycines), Rhizoctonia Aeπ- al, Fohage, and Web Bhght (Rhizoctonia solani), Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae) , Scab (Sphaceloma glycines), Stemphyhum Leaf Bhght (Stemphyhum botryosum), Target Spot (Corynespora cassncola).

Root and stalk base fungal diseases caused by eg Black Root Red (Calonectna crotalaπae), Charcoal Red (Macrophomina phaseohna), Fusaπum Bhght or WiIt, Root Red, and Pod - and Collar Red (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equisite), Mycoleptodiscus Root Red (Mycoleptodiscus terrestris), Neocosmospora (Neocosmopspora vasinfecta), Pod and Stem Blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum), Stem Canker (Diaporthe Phaseolorum var. caulivora), Phytophthora red (Phytophthora megasperma), Brown Stem Red (Phialophora gregata), Pythium Red (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregular, Pythium debaryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum), Rhizoctonia Root Red, Stem Decay, and Damping Off (Rhizoctonia solani), Sclerotinia Stem Decay (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Sclerotinia Southern Blight (Sclerotinia rolfsii), Thielaviopsis Root Red (Thielaviopsis basicola).

As microorganisms that can cause degradation or a change in the technical materials, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and mucus organisms may be mentioned. The active compounds according to the invention preferably act against fungi, in particular molds, wood-discolouring and wood-destroying fungi (Basidiomycetes) and against slime organisms and algae. There may be mentioned, for example, microorganisms of the following genera: Alternaria, such as Alternaria tenuis; Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger; Chaetomium, like Chaetomium globosum; Conophora, like Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, like Lentinus tigrinus; Penicillium, like Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor; Aureobasidium, such as Aureobasidium pullulans; Sclerophoma, such as sclerophoma pityophila; Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma viride; Escherichia, such as Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus, such as Staphylococcus aureus.

In addition, the active compound combinations according to the invention also have very good antifungal effects. They have a very broad antimycotic spectrum of activity, in particular against dermatophytes and yeasts, mold and diphasic fungi (eg against Candida species such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata) and Epidermophyton floccosum, Aspergillus species such as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton species such as Trichophyton menta- grophytes, Microsporon species such as Microsporon canis and audouinii. The list of these fungi is by no means a limitation of the detectable mycotic spectrum, but has only an explanatory character.

The active compound combinations according to the invention can therefore be used both in medical and non-medical applications.

When using the active compound combinations according to the invention as fungicides, the application rates can be varied within a relatively wide range, depending on the mode of administration. The application rate of the active compounds according to the invention is In the treatment of parts of plants, for example leaves: from 0.1 to 10,000 g / ha, preferably from 10 to 1,000 g / ha, particularly preferably from 50 to 300 g / ha (when applied by pouring or drops, the application rate may even be reduced especially when inert substrates such as rockwool or perlite are used); more preferably from 1 to 250 g / ha, more preferably from 5 to 200 g / ha, from 10 to 150 g / ha, from 15 to 100, from 1 to 75 g / ha, from 5 to 60 g / ha, from 10 to 50 g / ha and from 15 to 40 g / ha of bixafen;

In the case of seed treatment: from 2 to 200 g per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 3 to 150 g per 100 kg of seed, more preferably from 2.5 to 25 g per 100 kg of seed, most preferably from 2.5 to 12, 5 g per 100 kg of seed; more preferably from 1 to 5 g per 100 kg of seed, more preferably from 0.5 to 2 g / ha and from 0.75 to 1.5 g / ha of bixafen used;

In the case of soil treatment: from 0.1 to 10,000 g / ha, preferably from 1 to 5,000 g / ha.

These application rates are given by way of example only and not by way of limitation within the meaning of the invention.

The active compounds or compositions according to the invention can therefore be used to protect plants within a certain period of time after the treatment against attack by the mentioned pathogens. The period of time within which protection is afforded generally ranges from 1 to 42 days, preferably from 1 to 28 days, more preferably from 1 to 20 days, most preferably from 1 to 14 days, from 1 to 10 days 1 to 7 days after the treatment of the plants with the active substances or up to 200 days after a seed treatment.

In addition, can be reduced by the treatment according to the invention, the mycotoxin content in the crop and the food and feed produced therefrom. Deoxynivalenol (DON), Nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON, 3-Ac-DON, T2- and HT2-Toxin, Fumonisins, Zearalenone, Moniliformin, Fusarin, Diaceotoxyscirpenol (especially), but not exclusively, are the following mycotoxins: DAS), beauvericin, enniatine, fusaroproliferin, fusarenol, ochratoxins, patulin, ergot alkaloids and aflatoxins, which can be caused, for example, by the following fungi: Fusarium spec., Such as Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. graminearum (Gibberella zeae), F. equiseti, F. fujikoroi, F. musarum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. poae, F. pseudograminearum, F. sambucinum, F. scirpi, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. sporotrichoid, F. langsethiae, F. subglutinans, F. tricinctum, F. verticillioides, and others as well as of Aspergillus spec., Penicillium spec., Claviceps purpurea, Stachybotrys spec. et al

The plants listed can be treated particularly advantageously according to the invention with the compounds of the general formula (I) the agents according to the invention. The drugs or agents specified above also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particularly emphasized is the plant treatment with the compounds or agents specifically mentioned in the present text.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, in the active substance combinations or compositions according to the invention, the ratio of the components is preferably chosen such that a synergistic effect is obtained. Here, "synergistic effect" is understood, for example, as used by Colby in the article "Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of bicarbonide combmations "(in Weeds, 1967, 15, 20-22).

According to Colby, a synergistic (over-additive) effect occurs when the actual fungicidal effect is greater than calculated. In this case, the actual observed efficiency must be greater than the value for the expected efficiency (E) calculated from the formula given below.

If

X means the efficiency when using the active substance A in an application rate of m g / ha,

Y means the efficiency when using the active ingredient B in an application rate of n g / ha,

Eg means the efficiency of the use of the active compounds A and B in application rates of m and n g / ha means and

then for a combination of 2 agents:

X - Y

E ₁ = X + Y -

100

The efficiency is determined in%. It means 0% an efficiency that corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.

Another way to prove a synergistic effect is the method of Tammes (see "Isoboles, a graphic representation of synergism in pesticides" in Neth J Plant Path., 1964, 70, 73-80).

The invention is illustrated by the following examples. However, the invention is not limited to the examples. - -

applications

Puccinia triticina - field test under field conditions (winter wheat) / protective

To prepare a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of bixafen (EC formulation) is dissolved. The PGRs are used in the form of their commercial products at their recommended dosage. It is diluted with the appropriate amount of water to the desired concentration.

• For testing for protective activity, winter wheat plants are sprayed at a defined stage on 7.5 m ² cells with the preparation of active compound in the stated application rate.

Infection with Puccinia triticina under field conditions is due to natural infection.

20 days after the application of the drug, the evaluation is carried out. In this case, 0% means an efficiency which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.

Application rate

Active substance / active ingredient combination Efficiency in% Active ingredient in g / ha *. **

Bixafen 50 24

Trinexapac-ethyl 150 0

Chloroquat chloride 500 0

Paclobutrazole 150 0

Bixafen + Trinexapac-ethyl 1: 3 50 + 150 74 24

Bixafen + Chlormequat chloride 1:10 50 + 500 98 24

Bixafen + paclobutrazole 1: 3 50 + 150 85 24 gef. = found effect

** calc. = calculated according to the Colby formula

Claims

claims

1. containing drug combinations

(1) Bixafen or its salts and

(2) at least one plant growth regulator.

2. active compound combinations according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant growth regulators from the groups of the antiauxins, auxins, cytokinins, defoliants (derivatives), ethylene inhibitors, ethylene generators, gibberellins, growth inhibitors, morphactins, growth retardant modifiers, growth stimulators are selected.

3. active substance combinations according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plant growth regulators are selected from the following list:

Antiauxins: clofibrin and 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid;

Auxins: 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlo- phrop, fenoprop, IAA, IBA, naphthalene acetamide, α-naphthalene acetic acid, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acid, potassium napthenate, sodium naphthenates, 2,4,5-T; Cytokinins: 2iP, benzyladenine, kinetin, zeatin;

Defoliants: calcium cyanamide, dimethipine, endothal, ethephon, mofos, metoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron, tribufos; Ethylene inhibitors: aviglycine, aviglycine hydrochloride, 1-methylcyclopropene; Ethylene Generators: ACC, Etacelasil, Ethephon, Glyoxime; Gibberellins: gibberellins Al, A4, A7, gibberellic acid;

Growth inhibitors: abscisic acid, ancymidol, butraline, carbaryl, chlorophonium or its chloride, chlorpropham, dikegulac, dikegulac sodium, flumetralin, fluoride amide, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide or its potassium salt, mepiquat or its chloride, piproctanyl or its bromide, Prohydrojasmon, Propham, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid;

Morphactins: chlorides, chlorofluorol, chlorofluorol-methyl, dichlorofluorol, flurenol; Growth retardants / modifiers: chlormequat, chlormequat chloride, daminozides, fluφrimidol, mefluidides, mefluidide-diolamine, paclobutrazole, cyproconazole, tetcyclacis, uniconazole, uniconazole-P; Growth stimulators: brassinolides, forchlorfenuron, hymexazole, 2-amino-6-oxypurine

Derivative, indolinone derivatives, 3,4-disubstituted maleimide derivatives and azepinone derivatives; unclassified PGRs: Benzofluor, Buminafos, Carvone, Ciobutide, Clofencet, Clofence Potassium, Cloxyfonac, Cloxyfonac Sodium, Cyclanilide, Cycloheximide, Epocholeone, Ethychlozate, Ethylene, Fenridazone, Heptopargil, Holosulf, Inabenfide, Karetazan, Lead arsenate, Methasulfocarb, Prohexadione, Prohexadione-Calcium, Pydanone, Sintofen, Triapenthenol, Trinexapac and Trinexapac-ethyl;

2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene, clopropate, 1-naphthylacetic acid ethyl ester, isoprothiolanes, MCPB-ethyl, N-acetylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, decanol, pelargonic acid, N-phenylphthalimic acid, tecnazenes, triacontanol, 2,3-dihydro-5, 6-diphenyl-l, 4-oxathiin, 2-cyano-3- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -acrylic acid, 2-hydrazinoethanol, Alorac, amidochlor, BTS 44584, chloramben,

Chlorfluren, Chlorfluren-methyl, Dicamba-methyl, Dichlorflurenol, Dichlorflurenol-methyl,

Dimexano, etacelasil, hexafluoroacetone trihydrate, N- (2-ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl) -Ν'-phenylurea, N, N-tolylphthalamic acid, N-pyrrolidinosuccinamic acid, propyl 3-tert-butylphenoxyacetate, pydanone, Sodium (Z) -3-chloroacrylate.

4. active substance combinations according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant growth regulators are selected from the following list:

Chlormequat, chlormequat chloride, cyclanilides, dimethipin, ethephon, flumetralin, flurprimidol, inabenfide, mepiquat, mepiquat chloride, 1-methylcyclopropene, paclobutrazole, prohexadione-calcium, Prohydrojasmon, Tribufos, thidiazuron, Trinexapac, Trinexapac-ethyl and uniconazole.

5. active compound combinations according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant growth regulators from Trinexapac-ethyl, Chlormequat chloride and Paclobutrazol are selected.

6. active substance combinations according to one of claims 1 to 5 containing bixafen.

7. Active ingredient combinations according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein 0.01 to 50 parts by weight of plant growth regulator are used per 1 part by weight of prothioconazole.

8. active compound combinations according to claim 7, wherein 0.1 to 25 parts by weight of plant growth regulator are used for 1 part by weight of prothioconazole.

9. drug combinations according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which are fungicidally active.

10. Composition containing active compound combinations according to one of claims 1 to 9.

11. Composition according to claim 10 containing further auxiliaries, solvents, carriers, surfactants or extenders.

12. A method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection, characterized in that one drug combinations according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or agent according to claim 10 or 11 to the plant, fruits of plants or the soil on which the plant grows or grows , shows.

13. A method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection, characterized in that one applies active compound combinations according to one of claims 1 to 9 or agent according to claim 10 or 11 to the seed.

14. Use of active compound combinations according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or agent according to claim 10 or 11 for controlling unwanted phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection.

15. Use according to claim 14 for the treatment of transgenic plants.