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EP2193313B1 - Safety heat exchanger for combining a heat pump with a device of a public drinking water supply facility - Google Patents

Safety heat exchanger for combining a heat pump with a device of a public drinking water supply facility Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2193313B1
EP2193313B1 EP08801224.0A EP08801224A EP2193313B1 EP 2193313 B1 EP2193313 B1 EP 2193313B1 EP 08801224 A EP08801224 A EP 08801224A EP 2193313 B1 EP2193313 B1 EP 2193313B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
circuit
drinking water
heat exchanger
safety
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EP08801224.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2193313A1 (en
Inventor
Detlef Bull
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Veolia Eau Compagnie Generale des Eaux SCA
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Veolia Eau Compagnie Generale des Eaux SCA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a safety heat exchanger for the combination of a heat pump with a device of a drinking water supply system having a primary circuit with drinking water, a secondary safety circuit with a health-endangering substance as antifreeze and a tertiary cycle with a refrigerant.
  • the DE 2930484 A1 proposed the use of a heat pump in a drinking water system.
  • the heat exchangers are integrated into a drinking water pipe by means of connecting pieces. To ensure the constant supply of heat in the main water pipe, this should be laid in a ring.
  • a circulation pump With a circulation pump, a circulation of the drinking water in the annular laid main supply line should be made possible.
  • the circulation pump is regulated depending on the temperature of the drinking water.
  • the DE 2926578 A1 relates to a safety heat transfer device in drinking water preparation. It is the direct drinking or domestic water heating to be avoided, since in this case the refrigerant and drinking water are separated only by a wall and thus the risk of breakthrough and entry of the refrigerant is possible in the drinking water.
  • the heat exchanger is designed as at least one heat pipe whose located outside of a liquid container end is arranged in a flowed through by the refrigerant refrigerant tank, which is connected via a traversed by the heat pipe double wall with the liquid container.
  • the heat pipe has a filling that is neutral with respect to the liquid. Leakage should be indicated indirectly via a reduction in performance.
  • the skilled person is therefore when using a heat pump for the protection of drinking water, a double-walled pipe coil suggested that is filled with drinking water or harmless alcohols.
  • the regulations on the protection of drinking water can not be fully met, because in case of leakage of the refrigerant circuit and the intermediate circuit unnoticed refrigerant can enter the drinking water.
  • a double-jacket coiled tube with a pressure indicator which contains water as the separating liquid.
  • the waste heat from oil should be used to heat hot water, which should not come into contact with the oil.
  • the pressure gauge is not suitable for a non-pressurized primary medium. The tertiary medium water is not protected against freezing.
  • the DE 102004061441 B4 described heat pump to an intermediate circuit, which does not serve primarily to protect the drinking water. Rather, the primary circuit to protect the groundwater is filled with drinking water.
  • the intermediate circuit serves to protect the freeze-down and is therefore filled with brine or a water glycol mixture that does not meet the requirements of the Drinking Water Ordinance is harmless.
  • the DE 102004061441 B4 thus refers exclusively to a heat exchanger system with a ground collector with a drinking water filling, the heat exchanger is usually secured against freezing.
  • the safety heat exchanger is therefore regulated by the temperature. It is a return line is provided, which is opened with a thermostatic valve when the allowable cooling temperature is reached.
  • a circulation device is provided for the intermediate circuit. The flow rate in the intermediate circuit is chosen so large that freezing is practically impossible.
  • the invention aims a safety heat exchanger for the combination of a heat pump with a facility of public drinking water supply having a primary circuit with drinking water, a secondary circuit (in the following safety circuit) with a health-endangering substance and a tertiary circuit with a refrigerant.
  • a safety heat exchanger any impairment of drinking water in the public drinking water supply should be avoided.
  • the purpose of the safety heat exchanger is to prevent impairment of the quality of the drinking water in accordance with the Drinking Water Ordinance and to protect human health from the adverse effects of contamination. When obtaining heat from drinking water intended for human consumption, the health and purity of the drinking water must not be impaired.
  • the object is achieved with a safety heat exchanger according to claim 1.
  • the safety heat exchanger comprises a circulation pump for the drinking water in the primary circuit, a feed pump for the antifreeze in the intermediate circuit and a compressor in Tertiärniklauf (in the following refrigerant circuit called) the same control technology connected to the pressure switch and pressure loss in the primary circuit or in the refrigerant circuit in Standstill.
  • a warning signal can be generated by the pressure monitor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a safety heat exchanger for the combination of a heat pump with a device of a drinking water supply system, which is embodied in the first embodiment by a waterworks 1.
  • the device of the drinking water supply system is represented by a drinking water tank 2.
  • the invention should not be limited.
  • Facilities and Systems of drinking water supply systems may include, for example, parts of the drinking water supply system, pump stations, booster stations or drinking water supply networks.
  • FIG. 1 is the establishment of the drinking water supply a waterworks 1, in which mainly for self-consumption and to save energy with a safety heat exchanger in combination with a heat pump existing in the drinking water geothermal energy to be compared to the heat of the drinking water higher temperature level to be transformed.
  • the safety heat exchanger comprises an inlet 3 to a primary circuit 4 and a leading to the waterworks 1 sequence 5 for containing the geothermal drinking water, which is located at a substantially constant temperature level.
  • the primary circuit 4 is thermally connected to a secondary safety circuit 6 or intermediate circuit that contains a health-endangering substance as antifreeze, so that the safety circuit 6 can not freeze when heat is removed.
  • the intermediate circuit is preferably filled with a mixture consisting of 90 percent water and 10 percent ethanol.
  • the safety circuit 6 is connected to a tertiary refrigerant circuit 7 provided with a conventional refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant is transported with a compressor 8 in a known manner to a non-illustrated condenser and an evaporator with an expansion valve, which are joined together via a pipe system to the refrigerant circuit 7.
  • a pressure monitor with a differential pressure switch 9 is provided in the safety circuit 6. Furthermore, the pressure monitor comprises various components of a safety module, which in particular has an expansion vessel 11, a safety valve 12 and a pressure gauge 13. With the safety module, the pressure in the safety circuit 6 can be kept substantially constant.
  • the differential pressure switch 9 is control technology connected to the circulation pump 14 for the drinking water in the primary circuit 4, the feed pump 15 for the antifreeze in the safety circuit 6 and the compressor 8 in the refrigerant circuit 7.
  • the primary circuit 4 are also each in the inlet 3 to the circulation pump 14 and in the drain 5 for the drinking servo-controlled solenoid valves 16 arranged with which the inlet and outlet 5 can be closed even in the event of power failure.
  • the solenoid valves 16 are connected in parallel with the differential pressure switch 9, so that upon actuation of the differential pressure switch 9, the solenoid valves 16 are closed and the circulating pump 14 and feed pump 15 and the compressor 8 are stopped.
  • the primary circuit 4 can be additionally equipped with thermometers 17.
  • a parallel-connected pressure monitor 18 is provided in the refrigerant circuit 7 for further safety.
  • the pressure conditions are set so that the primary circuit 4 is basically operated with the drinking water circuit with a higher pressure than in the safety circuit 6.
  • the safety circuit 6 is set to a pressure less than or equal to 2 bar.
  • the pressure in the refrigerant circuit 7 is set to a much higher pressure of approximately 20 bar.
  • the differential pressure switch 9 in the exemplary embodiment responds at a pressure Pmax of 3 bar of the safety circuit 6.
  • the pressure switch 18 responds at a pressure Pmin of 20 bar of the refrigerant circuit 7.
  • the safety heat exchanger is switched off immediately and causes the closing of the solenoid valves 16. Due to the monitoring of the pressure increase in the intermediate circuit 6 and the switching off of the circulation pump 14 can be prevented in this way, in any case, an accident that refrigerant can get into the drinking water.
  • the differential pressure switch 9 reacts at a pressure of Pmax above 3 bar.
  • the fault signal is switched to a safety circuit of the heat pump controller and the system is thus automatically shut down.
  • a signal generator can be provided which emits, for example, an acoustic, optical, mechanical or electrical warning signal. If required, the electrical warning signal can also be transmitted to a remote monitoring center to the waterworks 1. Likewise A fault message about the heat pump's accident is triggered via SMS on a standby mobile phone.
  • the pressure conditions are set such that the primary circuit 4 is basically operated with the drinking water circuit with the lowest pressure of the entire system.
  • the embodiment is particularly useful when the drinking water pressure-free, for example, in a drinking water tank 2 is applied.
  • the switching point of the pressure switch 18 in the refrigerant circuit 7 is in this case at a pressure Pmin of 20 bar.
  • the differential pressure switch 9 is at a pressure Pmax of 3 bar of the safety circuit 6 and triggers the shutdown of the circulation pump 14 and the feed pump 15 and the compressor 8.
  • the automatic decommissioning of the safety heat exchanger due to the pressure drop in the intermediate circuit. In this case also reacts the differential pressure switch 9 at a pressure Pmin of 1.5 bar.
  • each circuit of the heat transfer to increase the safety of flow control switch 19 have that react when falling below the volume flow below a value of 15 l / min with the shutdown of all pumps and the compressor 8.
  • the flow control switch has, for example, a switching point of 15 liters per minute.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Sicherheitswärmetauscher für die Kombination einer Wärmepumpe mit einer Einrichtung einer Trinkwasserversorgungsanlage, der einen Primärkreislauf mit Trinkwasser, einen sekundären Sicherheitskreislauf mit einem die Gesundheit nicht gefährdenden Stoff als Frostschutzmittel und einen Tertiärkreislauf mit einem Kältemittel aufweist.The invention relates to a safety heat exchanger for the combination of a heat pump with a device of a drinking water supply system having a primary circuit with drinking water, a secondary safety circuit with a health-endangering substance as antifreeze and a tertiary cycle with a refrigerant.

In der DE 102004061441 B4 ist ein Wärmetauscher beschrieben, der in einem Trinkwasserschutzgebiet eingesetzt werden soll. Es wird ein dritter Zwischenkreislauf aus Sicherheitsgründen vorgeschlagen, um den Primärkreislauf mit Trinkwasser betreiben zu können, was dem Schutz des Trinkwassers in Trinkwasserschutzgebieten dienen soll.In the DE 102004061441 B4 a heat exchanger is described, which is to be used in a drinking water protection area. It is proposed a third intermediate circuit for safety reasons to operate the primary circuit with drinking water, which is to serve the protection of drinking water in drinking water protection areas.

In der DE 2834442 A1 wurde bereits eine Kombination einer Trinkwasserversorgungsanlage mit einem Wärmetauscher zur Gewinnung von Wärme vorgeschlagen. Zur Gewinnung von Haushaltswärme nach dem Wärmepumpensystem soll aus dem Rohrleitungsnetz einer zentralen Wasserversorgung eine Wasserteilmenge entnommen werden, der mit einem Wärmetauscher Wärmeenergie entzogen wird. Vorsorglich soll ein Wasserspeicher zwischen der Wärmepumpe und dem Wärmetauscher der aus dem Rohrleitungsnetz entnommenen Wasserteilmenge vorgesehen werden. Der Speicher soll eine zeitlich begrenzte Unabhängigkeit der Wärmegewinnung während der Nachtstunden gewährleisten, wenn mit einer sehr geringen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit innerhalb der Rohrleitungen der zentralen Wasserversorgung gerechnet werden muss. Durch den Zwischenspeicher ist nicht gewährleistet, dass im Fall einer Leckage kein Kältemittel mit dem Trinkwasser in Verbindung tritt.In the DE 2834442 A1 has already been proposed a combination of a drinking water supply system with a heat exchanger for the production of heat. To obtain household heat after the heat pump system is to be removed from the piping network of a central water supply a water partial amount, which is withdrawn heat energy with a heat exchanger. As a precaution, a water reservoir is to be provided between the heat pump and the heat exchanger of the water subset taken from the pipeline network. The storage is to ensure a temporary independence of heat generation during the night hours, if it must be reckoned with a very low flow rate within the piping of the central water supply. The buffer does not guarantee that in the event of a leak, no refrigerant will come into contact with the drinking water.

Ebenso wurde in der DE 2930484 A1 der Einsatz einer Wärmepumpe in einer Trinkwasseranlage vorgeschlagen. Die Wärmetauscher sind mittels Anschlussstutzen in eine Trinkwasserleitung integriert. Um die ständige Wärmezufuhr in der Hauptwasserleitung zu gewährleisten, soll diese ringförmig verlegt werden. Mit einer Umwälzpumpe soll eine Zirkulation des Trinkwassers in der ringförmig verlegten Hauptversorgungsleitung ermöglicht werden. Die Umwälzpumpe wird in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur des Trinkwassers geregelt. Die DE 2926578 A1 betrifft eine Sicherheitswärmeübertragungseinrichtung bei der Trinkwasserbereitung. Es soll die direkte Trink- oder Brauchwassererwärmung vermieden werden, da hierbei das Kältemittel und das Trinkwasser nur durch eine Wand getrennt sind und somit die Gefahr des Durchbruchs und ein Eintritt des Kältemittels in das Trinkwasser möglich ist. Zur Wärmeübertragung ist der Wärmeübertrager als mindestens ein Wärmerohr ausgebildet, dessen außerhalb eines Flüssigkeitsbehälters befindliches Ende in einem vom Kältemittel durchströmten Kältemittelbehälter angeordnet ist, der über eine von dem Wärmerohr durchsetzte Doppelwandung mit dem Flüssigkeitsbehälter verbunden ist. Das Wärmerohr weist eine gegenüber der Flüssigkeit neutrale Füllung auf. Eine Leckage soll indirekt über eine Leistungsminderung anzeigt werden. Dem Fachmann ist daher bei Einsatz einer Wärmepumpe zum Schutz des Trinkwassers eine Doppelmantel- Rohrschlange nahegelegt, die mit Trinkwasser oder mit ungefährlichen Alkoholen gefüllt ist. Damit allein können jedoch die Vorschriften über den Schutz des Trinkwassers nicht vollständig erfüllt werden, weil bei einer Leckage des Kältemittelkreislaufs und des Zwischenkreislaufs unbemerkt Kältemittel in das Trinkwasser übertreten kann.Likewise in the DE 2930484 A1 proposed the use of a heat pump in a drinking water system. The heat exchangers are integrated into a drinking water pipe by means of connecting pieces. To ensure the constant supply of heat in the main water pipe, this should be laid in a ring. With a circulation pump, a circulation of the drinking water in the annular laid main supply line should be made possible. The circulation pump is regulated depending on the temperature of the drinking water. The DE 2926578 A1 relates to a safety heat transfer device in drinking water preparation. It is the direct drinking or domestic water heating to be avoided, since in this case the refrigerant and drinking water are separated only by a wall and thus the risk of breakthrough and entry of the refrigerant is possible in the drinking water. For heat transfer, the heat exchanger is designed as at least one heat pipe whose located outside of a liquid container end is arranged in a flowed through by the refrigerant refrigerant tank, which is connected via a traversed by the heat pipe double wall with the liquid container. The heat pipe has a filling that is neutral with respect to the liquid. Leakage should be indicated indirectly via a reduction in performance. The skilled person is therefore when using a heat pump for the protection of drinking water, a double-walled pipe coil suggested that is filled with drinking water or harmless alcohols. However, alone can the regulations on the protection of drinking water can not be fully met, because in case of leakage of the refrigerant circuit and the intermediate circuit unnoticed refrigerant can enter the drinking water.

In der DE 7927266 U1 ist ein Kondensator für Wärmepumpen mit einem Innenrohr aufgezeigt, das von einem Außenrohr umgeben ist. Der eingeschlossene Ringraum ist mit Wasser gefüllt und mit einem Überdrucksicherheitsventil sowie einer Schalteinrichtung verbunden.In the DE 7927266 U1 is a condenser for heat pumps with an inner tube shown, which is surrounded by an outer tube. The enclosed annular space is filled with water and connected to an overpressure safety valve and a switching device.

In der AT 375770 B wird ebenfalls eine Doppelmantel- Rohrschlange mit einem Druckanzeiger offenbart, die als Trennflüssigkeit Wasser enthält. Die Abwärme von Öl soll zur Erwärmung von Brauchwasser genutzt werden, das mit dem Öl nicht in Berührung kommen soll. Die Druckanzeige eignet sich nicht für ein druckloses Primärmedium. Das als Tertiärmedium dienende Wasser ist nicht gegen das Herunterfrieren gesichert.In the AT 375770 B Also disclosed is a double-jacket coiled tube with a pressure indicator which contains water as the separating liquid. The waste heat from oil should be used to heat hot water, which should not come into contact with the oil. The pressure gauge is not suitable for a non-pressurized primary medium. The tertiary medium water is not protected against freezing.

Schließlich weist die in der DE 102004061441 B4 beschriebene Wärmepumpe einen Zwischenkreislauf auf, der nicht in erster Linie dem Schutz des Trinkwassers dient. Vielmehr ist der Primärkreislauf zum Schutz des Grundwassers mit Trinkwasser gefüllt. Der Zwischenkreislauf dient dem Schutz des Herunterfrierens und ist demzufolge mit Sole oder einem Wasser Glykol Gemisch gefüllt, das im Sinne der Trinkwasserverordnung nicht unbedenklich ist. Die DE 102004061441 B4 bezieht sich somit ausschließlich auf eine Wärmetauscheranlage mit einem Erdkollektor mit einer Trinkwasserfüllung, wobei der Wärmetauscher üblicherweise gegen Einfrieren gesichert ist. Der Sicherheitswärmetauscher wird aus diesem Grund über die Temperatur geregelt. Es ist eine Rücklaufleitung vorgesehen, die mit einem Thermostatventil geöffnet wird, wenn die zulässige Abkühlungstemperatur erreicht wird. Außerdem wird für den Zwischenkreislauf eine Umwälzeinrichtung vorgesehen. Die Durchflussrate in dem Zwischenkreislauf wird derart groß gewählt, dass ein Einfrieren praktisch nicht möglich ist.Finally, in the DE 102004061441 B4 described heat pump to an intermediate circuit, which does not serve primarily to protect the drinking water. Rather, the primary circuit to protect the groundwater is filled with drinking water. The intermediate circuit serves to protect the freeze-down and is therefore filled with brine or a water glycol mixture that does not meet the requirements of the Drinking Water Ordinance is harmless. The DE 102004061441 B4 thus refers exclusively to a heat exchanger system with a ground collector with a drinking water filling, the heat exchanger is usually secured against freezing. The safety heat exchanger is therefore regulated by the temperature. It is a return line is provided, which is opened with a thermostatic valve when the allowable cooling temperature is reached. In addition, a circulation device is provided for the intermediate circuit. The flow rate in the intermediate circuit is chosen so large that freezing is practically impossible.

Aus diesem Grunde ist eine vollständige Sicherheit für den Schutz des Trinkwassers tatsächlich nicht gegeben, weil der Trinkwasserkreislauf direkt mit dem Wasser - Glykol - Zwischenkreislauf in Kontakt steht. Bei einer Leckage des Zwischenkreislaufs und des Primärkreislaufs kann das Wasser - Glykol - Gemisch in das Trinkwasser übertreten. Glykol zählt gleichwohl im Sinne der Trinkwasserversorgung zu den die Gesundheit gefährdenden Stoffen. Folglich ist der Wärmetauscher für die Kombination einer Wärmepumpe mit einer Einrichtung einer öffentlichen Trinkwasserversorgung nicht geeignet.For this reason, a complete safety for the protection of the drinking water is actually not given, because the drinking water circuit is directly in contact with the water - glycol - intermediate circuit. If there is a leakage between the intermediate circuit and the primary circuit, the water - glycol mixture can pass into the drinking water. Nevertheless, glycol is one of the health-endangering substances in terms of drinking water supply. Consequently, the heat exchanger for the combination of a heat pump with a device of public drinking water supply is not suitable.

Die Erfindung bezweckt einen Sicherheitswärmetauscher für die Kombination einer Wärmepumpe mit einer Einrichtung einer öffentlichen Trinkwasserversorgung, der einen Primärkreislauf mit Trinkwasser, einen Sekundärkreislauf (in folgenden Sicherheitskreislauf genannt) mit einem die Gesundheit nicht gefährdenden Stoff und einen Tertiärkreislauf mit einem Kältemittel aufweist. Mit dem Sicherheitswärmetauscher soll jede Beeinträchtigung des Trinkwassers in der öffentlichen Trinkwasserversorgung vermieden werden. Durch den Sicherheitswärmetauscher soll eine Beeinträchtigung der Beschaffenheit des Trinkwassers entsprechend der Trinkwasserverordnung verhindert und die menschliche Gesundheit vor den nachteiligen Einflüssen einer Verunreinigung geschützt werden. Bei der Gewinnung von Wärme aus dem Trinkwasser, das für den menschlichen Gebrauch bestimmt ist, darf die Genusstauglichkeit und Reinheit des Trinkwassers nicht beeinträchtigt werden.The invention aims a safety heat exchanger for the combination of a heat pump with a facility of public drinking water supply having a primary circuit with drinking water, a secondary circuit (in the following safety circuit) with a health-endangering substance and a tertiary circuit with a refrigerant. With the safety heat exchanger, any impairment of drinking water in the public drinking water supply should be avoided. The purpose of the safety heat exchanger is to prevent impairment of the quality of the drinking water in accordance with the Drinking Water Ordinance and to protect human health from the adverse effects of contamination. When obtaining heat from drinking water intended for human consumption, the health and purity of the drinking water must not be impaired.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe mit einem Sicherheitswärmetauscher gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.According to the invention the object is achieved with a safety heat exchanger according to claim 1.

Nach einer Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung umfasst der Sicherheitswärmetauscher eine Umwälzpumpe für das Trinkwasser im Primärkreislauf, eine Förderpumpe für das Frostschutzmittel im Zwischenkreislauf sowie einen Verdichter im Tertiärkreislauf (in folgenden Kältemittelkreislauf genannt) die desgleichen steuerungstechnisch mit dem Druckwächter verbunden und bei Druckverlust im Primärkreislauf oder im Kältemittelkreislauf im Stillstand sind. Außerdem kann durch den Druckwächter ein Warnsignal erzeugt werden.According to a further development of the invention, the safety heat exchanger comprises a circulation pump for the drinking water in the primary circuit, a feed pump for the antifreeze in the intermediate circuit and a compressor in Tertiärkreislauf (in the following refrigerant circuit called) the same control technology connected to the pressure switch and pressure loss in the primary circuit or in the refrigerant circuit in Standstill. In addition, a warning signal can be generated by the pressure monitor.

Auf diese Weise kann sicher und zuverlässig eine Beeinträchtigung des Trinkwassers durch Frostschutzmittel oder Kältemittel vermieden werden. Wenn zwischen dem Primärkreislauf oder dem Kältemittel ein Leck auftritt, äußert sich dass durch einen Überdruck im Zwischenkreislauf, der mit Hilfe des Druckwächters überwacht wird. Bei einem bestimmten, von einem Kontrolldruck abweichenden Überdruck oder Unterdruck werden die Pumpen in allen Kreisläufen abgeschaltet und der Zulauf und Ablauf des Trinkwassers zur Trinkwasserversorgungsanlage durch die Magnetventile geschlossen, was nachfolgend anhand von zwei Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben werden soll.In this way, an impairment of the drinking water can be safely and reliably avoided by antifreeze or refrigerant. If a leak occurs between the primary circuit or the refrigerant, this is indicated by an overpressure in the intermediate circuit, which is monitored by means of the pressure monitor. At a certain, deviating from a control pressure or negative pressure, the pumps are switched off in all circuits and the inlet and outlet of the drinking water to the drinking water supply system closed by the solenoid valves, which will be described below with reference to two embodiments.

Die Ausführungsbeispiele sollen nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Im Einzelnen zeigt in rein schematischer Darstellung

  • Figur 1 einen Sicherheitswärmetauscher mit einem Primärkreislauf, der einen gegenüber dem Sicherheitskreislauf höheren Betriebsdruck aufweist und
  • Figur 2 einen Sicherheitswärmetauscher mit einem Primärkreislauf, der gegenüber dem Sicherheitskreislauf einen geringeren Betriebsdruck aufweist.
The embodiments will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. In detail shows in a purely schematic representation
  • FIG. 1 a safety heat exchanger with a primary circuit, which has a relation to the safety circuit higher operating pressure and
  • FIG. 2 a safety heat exchanger with a primary circuit, which has a lower operating pressure compared to the safety circuit.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Sicherheitswärmetauscher für die Kombination einer Wärmepumpe mit einer Einrichtung einer Trinkwasserversorgungsanlage, die in dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel durch ein Wasserwerk 1 verkörpert ist. In dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 wird die Einrichtung der Trinkwasserversorgungsanlage durch einen Trinkwasserbehälter 2 dargestellt. Auf diese Anlagen soll die Erfindung nicht beschränkt werden. Einrichtungen und Anlagen von Trinkwasserversorgungsanlagen können beispielsweise Anlagenteile der Trinkwasserförderung, Pumpstationen, Druckerhöhungsstationen oder Trinkwasserversorgungsnetze umfassen. FIG. 1 shows a safety heat exchanger for the combination of a heat pump with a device of a drinking water supply system, which is embodied in the first embodiment by a waterworks 1. In the second embodiment according to FIG. 2 the device of the drinking water supply system is represented by a drinking water tank 2. In these systems, the invention should not be limited. Facilities and Systems of drinking water supply systems may include, for example, parts of the drinking water supply system, pump stations, booster stations or drinking water supply networks.

In Figur 1 ist die Einrichtung der Trinkwasserversorgungsanlage ein Wasserwerk 1, in dem vorwiegend für den Eigenverbrauch und zur Einsparung von Energie mit einem Sicherheitswärmetauscher in Kombination mit einer Wärmepumpe die in dem Trinkwasser vorhandene Erdwärme auf ein gegenüber der Wärme des Trinkwassers höheres Temperaturniveau transformiert werden soll.In FIG. 1 is the establishment of the drinking water supply a waterworks 1, in which mainly for self-consumption and to save energy with a safety heat exchanger in combination with a heat pump existing in the drinking water geothermal energy to be compared to the heat of the drinking water higher temperature level to be transformed.

Der Sicherheitswärmetauscher umfasst einen Zulauf 3 zu einem Primärkreislauf 4 und einen zu dem Wasserwerk 1 führenden Ablauf 5 für das die Erdwärme enthaltende Trinkwasser, das sich auf einem im Wesentlichen konstanten Temperaturniveau befindet. Der Primärkreislauf 4 ist wärmetechnisch mit einem sekundären Sicherheitskreislauf 6 oder Zwischenkreislauf verbunden, der einen die Gesundheit nicht gefährdenden Stoff als Frostschutzmittel enthält, damit der Sicherheitskreislauf 6 beim Entzug der Wärme nicht einfrieren kann. Der Zwischenkreislauf ist vorzugsweise mit einem Gemisch gefüllt, das zu 90 Prozent aus Wasser und zu 10 Prozent aus Ethanol besteht. Ferner ist der Sicherheitskreislauf 6 mit einem tertiären Kältemittelkreislauf 7 verbunden, der mit einem herkömmlichen Kältemittel versehen ist. Das Kältemittel wird mit einem Verdichter 8 in bekannter Weise zu einem nicht weiter dargestellten Kondensator und einem Verdampfer mit einem Expansionsventil transportiert, die über ein Rohrsystem zu dem Kältemittelkreislauf 7 zusammengeschlossen sind.The safety heat exchanger comprises an inlet 3 to a primary circuit 4 and a leading to the waterworks 1 sequence 5 for containing the geothermal drinking water, which is located at a substantially constant temperature level. The primary circuit 4 is thermally connected to a secondary safety circuit 6 or intermediate circuit that contains a health-endangering substance as antifreeze, so that the safety circuit 6 can not freeze when heat is removed. The intermediate circuit is preferably filled with a mixture consisting of 90 percent water and 10 percent ethanol. Further, the safety circuit 6 is connected to a tertiary refrigerant circuit 7 provided with a conventional refrigerant. The refrigerant is transported with a compressor 8 in a known manner to a non-illustrated condenser and an evaporator with an expansion valve, which are joined together via a pipe system to the refrigerant circuit 7.

Zur Überwachung der Funktionsweise des Sicherheitswärmetauschers ist in dem Sicherheitskreislauf 6 ein Druckwächter mit einem Differenzdruckwächter 9 vorgesehen. Ferner umfasst der Druckwächter verschiedene Komponenten einer Sicherheitsbaugruppe, die insbesondere über ein Ausdehnungsgefäß 11, ein Sicherheitsventil 12 und ein Manometer 13 verfügt. Mit der Sicherheitsbaugruppe kann der Druck in dem Sicherheitskreislauf 6 im Wesentlichen konstant gehalten werden. Der Differenzdruckwächter 9 ist steuerungstechnisch mit der Umwälzpumpe 14 für das Trinkwasser im Primärkreislauf 4, der Förderpumpe 15 für das Frostschutzmittel im Sicherheitskreislauf 6 sowie mit dem Verdichter 8 im Kältemittelkreislauf 7 verbunden.To monitor the operation of the safety heat exchanger, a pressure monitor with a differential pressure switch 9 is provided in the safety circuit 6. Furthermore, the pressure monitor comprises various components of a safety module, which in particular has an expansion vessel 11, a safety valve 12 and a pressure gauge 13. With the safety module, the pressure in the safety circuit 6 can be kept substantially constant. The differential pressure switch 9 is control technology connected to the circulation pump 14 for the drinking water in the primary circuit 4, the feed pump 15 for the antifreeze in the safety circuit 6 and the compressor 8 in the refrigerant circuit 7.

In dem Primärkreislauf 4 sind weiterhin jeweils in den Zulauf 3 zu der Umwälzpumpe 14 sowie in den Ablauf 5 für das Trinkwasser servogesteuerte Magnetventile 16 angeordnet, mit denen der Zu - und Ablauf 5 selbst bei Stromausfall geschlossen werden kann. Die Magnetventile 16 sind parallel mit dem Differenzdruckwächter 9 geschaltet, so dass beim Ansprechen des Differenzdruckwächters 9 die Magnetventile 16 geschlossen und die Umwälzpumpe 14 und Förderpumpe 15 sowie der Verdichter 8 stillgesetzt sind. Zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit kann der Primärkreislauf 4 zusätzlich mit Thermometern 17 ausgerüstet werden. Schließlich ist in dem Kältemittelkreislauf 7 zur weiteren Sicherheit ein parallel geschalteter Druckwächter 18 vorgesehen.In the primary circuit 4 are also each in the inlet 3 to the circulation pump 14 and in the drain 5 for the drinking servo-controlled solenoid valves 16 arranged with which the inlet and outlet 5 can be closed even in the event of power failure. The solenoid valves 16 are connected in parallel with the differential pressure switch 9, so that upon actuation of the differential pressure switch 9, the solenoid valves 16 are closed and the circulating pump 14 and feed pump 15 and the compressor 8 are stopped. To increase safety, the primary circuit 4 can be additionally equipped with thermometers 17. Finally, a parallel-connected pressure monitor 18 is provided in the refrigerant circuit 7 for further safety.

Bei einem Sicherheitswärmetauscher nach Figur 1 sind die Druckverhältnisse derart festgelegt, dass der Primärkreislauf 4 mit dem Trinkwasserkreis grundsätzlich mit einem höheren Druck als im Sicherheitskreislauf 6 betrieben wird. Wenn der Druck im Primärkreislauf 4 beispielsweise mindestens 4 bar beträgt, wird der Sicherheitskreislauf 6 auf einen Druck kleiner oder gleich 2 bar eingestellt. Der Druck im Kältemittelkreislauf 7 wird auf einen wesentlich höheren Druck von cirka 20 bar eingestellt. Im Fall beispielsweise einer Verdampferleckage erhöht sich der Druck im Sicherheitskreislauf 6. Dadurch spricht der Differenzdruckwächter 9 im Ausführungsbeispiel bei einen Druck Pmax von 3 bar des Sicherheitskreislaufs 6 an. Der Druckschalter 18 spricht bei einem Druck Pmin von 20 bar des Kältemittelkreislaufs 7 an. Durch eine mit dem Differenzdruckwächter 9 und dem Druckschalter 18 verbunden Steuerschaltung wird sofort der Sicherheitswärmetauscher abgeschaltet und das Schließen der Magnetventile 16 veranlasst. Aufgrund der Überwachung des Druckanstiegs im Zwischenkreislauf 6 und dem Abschalten der Umwälzpumpe 14 kann auf diese Weise in jedem Fall einer Havarie verhindert werden, dass Kältemittel in das Trinkwasser gelangen kann.For a safety heat exchanger after FIG. 1 the pressure conditions are set so that the primary circuit 4 is basically operated with the drinking water circuit with a higher pressure than in the safety circuit 6. If the pressure in the primary circuit 4, for example, at least 4 bar, the safety circuit 6 is set to a pressure less than or equal to 2 bar. The pressure in the refrigerant circuit 7 is set to a much higher pressure of approximately 20 bar. In the case of, for example, an evaporator leak, the pressure in the safety circuit 6 increases. As a result, the differential pressure switch 9 in the exemplary embodiment responds at a pressure Pmax of 3 bar of the safety circuit 6. The pressure switch 18 responds at a pressure Pmin of 20 bar of the refrigerant circuit 7. By a control circuit connected to the differential pressure switch 9 and the pressure switch 18, the safety heat exchanger is switched off immediately and causes the closing of the solenoid valves 16. Due to the monitoring of the pressure increase in the intermediate circuit 6 and the switching off of the circulation pump 14 can be prevented in this way, in any case, an accident that refrigerant can get into the drinking water.

Im Fall einer Wärmetauscherleckage im Primärkreislauf 4 erfolgt infolge des Druckanstiegs im Sicherheitskreislauf 6 ebenfalls das automatische Außerbetriebnehmen der Anlage. Hierbei reagiert ebenfalls der Differenzdruckwächter 9 bei einem Druck von Pmax über 3 bar. Das Störsignal wird auf einen Sicherheitskreis des Wärmepumpenreglers geschaltet und die Anlage wird damit automatisch außer Betrieb genommen. Für diesen Fall kann ein Signalgeber vorgesehen werden, der beispielsweise ein akustisches, optisches, mechanisches oder elektrisches Warnsignal abgibt. Das elektrische Warnsignal kann bei Bedarf auch an eine entfernte Überwachungszentrale an das Wasserwerk 1 übermittelt werden. Desgleichen kann eine Störungsmeldung über die Havarie der Wärmepumpe per SMS auf ein Bereitschaftshandy ausgelöst werden.In the case of a heat exchanger leakage in the primary circuit 4 takes place due to the pressure increase in the safety circuit 6 also the automatic decommissioning of the system. Here too, the differential pressure switch 9 reacts at a pressure of Pmax above 3 bar. The fault signal is switched to a safety circuit of the heat pump controller and the system is thus automatically shut down. In this case, a signal generator can be provided which emits, for example, an acoustic, optical, mechanical or electrical warning signal. If required, the electrical warning signal can also be transmitted to a remote monitoring center to the waterworks 1. Likewise A fault message about the heat pump's accident is triggered via SMS on a standby mobile phone.

Bei einem Sicherheitswärmetauscher nach Figur 2 sind die Druckverhältnisse derart festgelegt, dass der Primärkreislauf 4 mit dem Trinkwasserkreis grundsätzlich mit dem niedrigsten Druck des Gesamtsystems betrieben wird. Die Ausgestaltung ist dann besonders zweckmäßig, wenn das Trinkwasser druckfrei, beispielsweise bei einem Trinkwasserbehälter 2 anliegt. Der Schaltpunkt des Druckwächter 18 im Kältemittelkreislauf 7 liegt in diesem Fall bei einem Druck Pmin von 20 bar. Im Fall einer Verdampferleckage ist ein Druckanstieg im Sicherheitskreislauf 6 zu erwarten. Hierbei spricht der Differenzdruckwächter 9 bei einem Druck Pmax von 3 bar des Sicherheitskreislaufes 6 an und löst die Abschaltung der Umwälzpumpe 14 und der Förderpumpe 15 sowie des Verdichters 8 aus. Zeitgleich erfolgt das Schließen der Magnetventile 16 im Primärkreislauf 4. Im Fall einer Wärmetauscherleckage im Primärkreislauf 4 erfolgt ebenfalls die automatische Außerbetriebnahme des Sicherheitswärmetauschers infolge des Druckabfalls im Zwischenkreislauf. Hierbei reagiert ebenfalls der Differenzdruckwächter 9 bei einem Druck Pmin vom 1,5 bar.For a safety heat exchanger after FIG. 2 the pressure conditions are set such that the primary circuit 4 is basically operated with the drinking water circuit with the lowest pressure of the entire system. The embodiment is particularly useful when the drinking water pressure-free, for example, in a drinking water tank 2 is applied. The switching point of the pressure switch 18 in the refrigerant circuit 7 is in this case at a pressure Pmin of 20 bar. In the case of evaporator leakage, a pressure increase in the safety circuit 6 is to be expected. Here, the differential pressure switch 9 is at a pressure Pmax of 3 bar of the safety circuit 6 and triggers the shutdown of the circulation pump 14 and the feed pump 15 and the compressor 8. At the same time, the closing of the solenoid valves 16 in the primary circuit 4. In the case of a heat exchanger leakage in the primary circuit 4 also takes place, the automatic decommissioning of the safety heat exchanger due to the pressure drop in the intermediate circuit. In this case also reacts the differential pressure switch 9 at a pressure Pmin of 1.5 bar.

Zusätzlich kann jeder Kreislauf der Wärmeübertragung zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit über Strömungskontrollschalter 19 verfügen, welche bei Unterschreitung des Volumenstroms unterhalb eines Werts von 15 l/min mit dem Abschalten aller Pumpen und des Verdichters 8 reagieren. Der Strömungskontrollschalter hat beispielsweise einen Schaltpunkt von 15 Liter pro Minute.In addition, each circuit of the heat transfer to increase the safety of flow control switch 19 have that react when falling below the volume flow below a value of 15 l / min with the shutdown of all pumps and the compressor 8. The flow control switch has, for example, a switching point of 15 liters per minute.

Durch diese Ausgestaltung ist es möglich Leckagen schnell zu erkennen, so dass kurzfristig Abhilfe zu schaffen ist. Durch die Anordnung des Sicherheitskreislaufs 6 mit dem vorgeschlagnen Druckwächter bei einem Sicherheitswärmetauscher kann in jedem Havariefall eine Abschaltung der Wärmepumpe herbeigeführt werden, ohne dass eine Beeinträchtigung der Trinkwasserversorgung erfolgen kann. Der Einbau des Druckwächters ist auch bei analogen Anlagen ohne größeren Aufwand möglich.With this configuration, it is possible to detect leaks quickly, so that there is a short-term remedy. By arranging the safety circuit 6 with the proposed pressure monitor in a safety heat exchanger, a shutdown of the heat pump can be brought in any accident, without affecting the drinking water supply can take place. The installation of the pressure switch is also possible with analog systems without much effort.

Claims (7)

  1. A safety heat exchanger for combining a heat pump with a device of a drinking water supply facility for the extraction of heat from drinking water, comprising a primary circuit (4) with drinking water, a secondary circuit (6) with a substance non-dangerous to health used as an antifreeze as well as a tertiary circuit (7) with a refrigerant, with the primary circuit (4) having an inlet line (3) and an outlet line (5) connected with the drinking water supply facility and provided with electrically controllable electromagnetic valves (16), the primary circuit (4) and the tertiary circuit (7) having a higher pressure with respect to the secondary circuit (6), characterized in that the secondary circuit (6) and the tertiary circuit (7) each have their own pressure monitors (9, 18) which are connected with the electromagnetic valves (16) in terms of control in such a way that, at a pressure captured by the pressure monitors (9, 18) connected in parallel in terms of control, the inlet line (3) and the outlet line (5) of the drinking water to the drinking water supply facility is closed, with the pressure monitor (9) of the secondary circuit (6) having an expansion tank (11), a safety valve (12) and a manometer (13).
  2. The safety heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure in the primary circuit (4) is either higher or lower than the pressure in the secondary circuit (7).
  3. The safety heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure in the primary circuit (4) is at least 4 bar and the secondary circuit (6) is set to a pressure less than or equal to 2 bar, with the pressure in the tertiary circuit (7) being set to a substantially higher pressure of approx. 20 bar.
  4. The safety heat exchanger according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a servo-controlled electromagnetic valve (16) is arranged in the primary circuit (4) in the inlet line (3) to the circulation pump (14) as well as in the outlet line for the drinking water.
  5. The safety heat exchanger according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressure monitor (9) of the secondary circuit (6) and the pressure monitor (18) of the tertiary circuit (7) are connected in parallel in terms of control.
  6. The safety heat exchanger according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the pressure monitor (9) and the pressure monitor (18) for switching off the safety heat exchanger and for closing the electromagnetic valves (16) in parallel are connected with the compressor (8), the circulation pump (14) and the feed pump (15) in terms of control by means of a control circuit.
  7. The safety heat exchanger according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the switching point of the pressure monitor (18) in the tertiary circuit (7) is at a pressure pmin von 20 bar, the pressure monitor (9) having a switching point at a pressure pmax of 3 bar and at a pressure pmin of 1.5 bar of the secondary circuit (6).
EP08801224.0A 2007-08-27 2008-08-26 Safety heat exchanger for combining a heat pump with a device of a public drinking water supply facility Not-in-force EP2193313B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007040629A DE102007040629A1 (en) 2007-08-27 2007-08-27 Safety heat exchanger for the combination of a heat pump with a device of a public drinking water supply system
PCT/DE2008/001403 WO2009026900A1 (en) 2007-08-27 2008-08-26 Safety heat exchanger for combining a heat pump with a device of a public drinking water supply facility

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EP2193313A1 EP2193313A1 (en) 2010-06-09
EP2193313B1 true EP2193313B1 (en) 2015-01-21

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EP (1) EP2193313B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101821553B (en)
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WO (1) WO2009026900A1 (en)

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EP2193313A1 (en) 2010-06-09
US20100288482A1 (en) 2010-11-18
DE102007040629A1 (en) 2009-03-05
CN101821553A (en) 2010-09-01
CA2697642C (en) 2013-12-17
CN101821553B (en) 2013-06-12
US8302675B2 (en) 2012-11-06
CA2697642A1 (en) 2009-03-05
WO2009026900A1 (en) 2009-03-05

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