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EP2165186A1 - Apparatus for imaging the inner surface of a cavity which is preferably cylindrical - Google Patents

Apparatus for imaging the inner surface of a cavity which is preferably cylindrical

Info

Publication number
EP2165186A1
EP2165186A1 EP08784598A EP08784598A EP2165186A1 EP 2165186 A1 EP2165186 A1 EP 2165186A1 EP 08784598 A EP08784598 A EP 08784598A EP 08784598 A EP08784598 A EP 08784598A EP 2165186 A1 EP2165186 A1 EP 2165186A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
cavity
output signals
cartesian
optics
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP08784598A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hubert Keller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jenoptik Industrial Metrology Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Hommel Etamic GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hommel Etamic GmbH filed Critical Hommel Etamic GmbH
Publication of EP2165186A1 publication Critical patent/EP2165186A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • G01N21/954—Inspecting the inner surface of hollow bodies, e.g. bores
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B37/00—Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe
    • G03B37/005—Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B37/00—Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe
    • G03B37/04—Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe with cameras or projectors providing touching or overlapping fields of view
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
    • G01N2021/8887—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges based on image processing techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • G01N21/954—Inspecting the inner surface of hollow bodies, e.g. bores
    • G01N2021/9542—Inspecting the inner surface of hollow bodies, e.g. bores using a probe
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • G01N21/954—Inspecting the inner surface of hollow bodies, e.g. bores
    • G01N2021/9542—Inspecting the inner surface of hollow bodies, e.g. bores using a probe
    • G01N2021/9544—Inspecting the inner surface of hollow bodies, e.g. bores using a probe with emitter and receiver on the probe

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device referred to in the preamble of claim 1 for imaging the inner surface of a preferably cylindrical cavity in a workpiece.
  • a device is known from DE 198 06 261 B4.
  • the optics have the shape of an endoscope, which is moved linearly, whereby individual images are available as primary images. These are captured by a digital camera and first stored in digital form and then converted to a rectangular image by a polar coordinate transformation, in which the primary images are combined to form an overall image of the interior surface of the cavity.
  • the processing and transformation of the primary images is based on their entire information content, with the result that the time for processing the signals is relatively large.
  • the purpose of imaging an inner surface of a cylindrical cavity in a workpiece is to inspect the surface for defects and faulty ones
  • Eliminate components This is particularly important in the automotive industry, where functionally relevant holes are mass-produced, for example in brake cylinders, calipers, connecting rods, pistons, engine Cylinders, cylinder liners or bearing bushes.
  • Such a test has hitherto been carried out by visual inspection and, of course, with the limitations of visual inspection.
  • the aim is to perform a piece-by-piece check while automating the
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device referred to in the preamble of claim 1, in which the time for the test is so low that a piece-by-piece examination, in particular an automatic test done can.
  • the problem underlying the invention is achieved by the teaching set forth in claim 1.
  • the basic idea of the invention is that the digital image recorder, which receives the all-around image taken by the optics, produces only output signals corresponding to an annular band on the inner surface of the cavity, such that the output signal contains only information about this annular band. This results in a considerable reduction of the information content. These reduced output signals then form the image content of the lines of a Cartesian overall image, which is generated as a result. The gradual advance of the optics each new lines are strung together, so that the overall picture is created.
  • the invention takes advantage of the fact that there are available high-speed digital imagers capable of capturing 1,000 frames per second and producing corresponding image signals.
  • the digital image recorder has a matrix-shaped pixel arrangement as well as a digital read-out window which is programmed so that only Output signals corresponding to the annular band are generated on the inner surface of the cavity. Since in this embodiment an image sensor with matrix-shaped pixel arrangement can be used, in this way it is possible to realize the basic idea of the invention with a relatively simple and inexpensive standard hardware.
  • the image sensor has a ring sensor, in which the pixels are arranged on an annular surface.
  • the ring sensor detected from the outset only the required area for the evaluation.
  • Such ring sensors are available and have 2048 pixels, for example, on an annular surface with an outer diameter of 10 mm.
  • any other image pickup arrangements can be used by means of which an annular band can be imaged on the inner surface of the cavity.
  • a matrix sensor with random pixel access can be used, in which only those pixels are accessed to which the annular band is imaged. Since the remaining pixels are not evaluated, even in such an embodiment the information content is reduced the teaching of the invention.
  • any other techniques can be used by means of which an annular zone can be scanned, for example by using a fixed image recorder and rotating the image via a prism arrangement.
  • a micromirror array or a DLP digital light processor
  • the annular band is always detected on the inner surface of the cavity and converted into a line of Cartesian overall picture.
  • the axial feed of the optical system thus successively adds lines to the Cartesian image so that the overall cartesian image results after completion of the axial feed motion, which can be evaluated in a quick and simple manner.
  • means which analyze the image content of the lines of the Cartesian image and pass the output signals only when an adjustable limit value is exceeded to the means for generating a Cartesian image.
  • an adjustable limit value is exceeded to the means for generating a Cartesian image.
  • only the surface defects are shown, whereby the surface defects which are to be displayed can be determined by setting the limit value.
  • a lighting source for all-round lighting is fixedly arranged in the field of optics.
  • the illumination is unnecessary over a remote from the optic light source whose light is passed, for example, through a light guide.
  • the illumination source is an LED light source.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a device according to the invention together with a workpiece
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a device according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically the receiving surface of a
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows the storage of a circle recorded by the image recorder
  • FIG. 5 shows the formation of a Cartesian image
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically the development of the interior surface of the hole.
  • the device according to FIG. 1 has an all-round 360 ° optical system 2, for example a fisheye optical system, so that it images a cylindrical inner surface 4 of a bore 6 in a workpiece 8 on a digital image recorder 10 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the optic 2 is designed in the manner of an endoscopic optic, which is arranged on a holder 12 and is moved by an electromotive feed drive 14 so as to move the optic 2 in the axial direction through the bore 6.
  • the illumination of the cylindrical inner surface 4 is effected by a light source 16, which in this exemplary embodiment is a light-emitting diode or a high-power laser diode which emits light continuously or in a pulsed manner.
  • the output signal of the image recorder 10 passes via a line 18 into an evaluation computer 20, the function of which will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a device according to the invention, which is suitable for use in larger holes compared to the embodiment of FIG.
  • the imager 10 is in the
  • a ring light which may be formed for example by an LED array.
  • FIG. 3 initially shows the receiving surface of the image recorder 10, in which an evaluation window is programmed such that a ring window 22 is arranged between an outer window ren circular ring 24 and an inner circular ring 26 is open, so that only from the area of this ring window 22 image signals are transmitted from the image sensor 10.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates how the evaluation computer 20 forms over the circumference of the cylindrical inner surface 4 of 0 ° to 360 ° line strip 28, which are stored sequentially in dependence on the provided by the feed drive 14 axial position of the lens 2 in the drawing in the vertical direction , so that within a Cartesian image surface 30 shown in FIG. 5 with corner points 32, 34, 36 and 38 image signals are generated which serve to represent a development 40, as shown schematically in FIG.
  • annular bands are imaged on the inner surface 4 of the bore 6 and converted into lines of a Cartesian image in the manner described above.
  • an overall Cartesian image is created which represents the entire surface of the bore 6 to be examined.
  • the axial feed of the optics 2 can be carried out stepwise, for example, wherein the axial step size can be chosen in particular so that the respectively recorded annular bands on the inner surface of the Bore 6 in the axial direction seamlessly and without overlapping connect to each other.
  • the feed drive 14 and the evaluation computer 20 are in data transmission connection, as indicated in Fig. 1 by the reference numeral 42.
  • a ring sensor in which the pixels are arranged on an annular surface can also be used according to the invention.
  • Such an embodiment has the advantage that only output signals corresponding to a respective annular band are recorded on the inner surface 4 of the cavity, so that a selection of the recorded output signals, for example via a programmed readout window, is not required.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for imaging the inner surface (4) of a cavity, which is preferably cylindrical, in a workpiece (8) has an optical system (2) with a panoramic view of preferably 360°, means for advancing the optical system (2) perpendicular to the plane of the panoramic view, a digital image sensor (10) with a planar image pick-up area on which the panoramic image recorded by the optical system (2) is imaged, and means which use the digital output signals from the image sensor (10) to generate a Cartesian image which is a development (40) of the inner surface of the cavity. According to the invention, the digital image sensor (10) is designed in such a manner that only output signals are generated in accordance with an annular band on the inner surface of the cavity on a plane essentially transverse to the direction in which the optical system is gradually advanced, wherein these output signals form the image contents of the lines of an overall Cartesian image.

Description

Vorrichtung zur Abbildung der Innenfläche eines vorzugsweise zylindrischen Hohlraums in einem Werkstück Device for imaging the inner surface of a preferably cylindrical cavity in a workpiece
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 genannten Art zur Abbildung der Innenfläche eines vorzugsweise zylindrischen Hohlraums in einem Werkstück. Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist durch DE 198 06 261 B4 bekannt. Dabei hat die Optik die Form eines Endoskopes, das linear bewegt wird, wodurch Einzelbilder als Primärbilder zur Verfügung stehen. Diese werden durch eine digitale Kamera aufgenommen und in digitaler Form zunächst gespeichert und dann durch eine Polarkoordinaten-Transformation zu einem rechteckigen Bild umgeformt, in dem die Primärbilder zu einem Gesamtbild der Innenfläche des Hohlraums zusammengefügt werden. Der Verarbeitung und Transformation der Primärbilder liegt jeweils deren gesamter Informationsinhalt zugrunde, was zur Folge hat, daß die Zeit für die Verarbeitung der Signale verhältnismäßig groß ist.The invention relates to a device referred to in the preamble of claim 1 for imaging the inner surface of a preferably cylindrical cavity in a workpiece. Such a device is known from DE 198 06 261 B4. The optics have the shape of an endoscope, which is moved linearly, whereby individual images are available as primary images. These are captured by a digital camera and first stored in digital form and then converted to a rectangular image by a polar coordinate transformation, in which the primary images are combined to form an overall image of the interior surface of the cavity. The processing and transformation of the primary images is based on their entire information content, with the result that the time for processing the signals is relatively large.
Die Abbildung einer Innenfläche eines zylindrischen Hohlraums in einem Werkstück dient dem Ziel, die Oberfläche auf Fehler zu untersuchen und fehlerhafteThe purpose of imaging an inner surface of a cylindrical cavity in a workpiece is to inspect the surface for defects and faulty ones
Bauteile auszuscheiden. Dies ist besonders in der Automobilindustrie von Bedeutung, wo funktionsrelevante Bohrungen seriengefertigt werden, beispielsweise bei BremsZylindern, Bremssätteln, Pleueln, Kolben, Motor- Zylindern, Zylinderlaufbuchsen oder Lagerbuchsen. Eine solche Prüfung erfolgte bisher durch visuelle Inspektion und natürlich behaftet mit den Einschränkungen der Sichtkontrolle. Anzustreben ist jedoch eine Stück-für- Stück-Prüfung bei gleichzeitiger Automatisierung desEliminate components. This is particularly important in the automotive industry, where functionally relevant holes are mass-produced, for example in brake cylinders, calipers, connecting rods, pistons, engine Cylinders, cylinder liners or bearing bushes. Such a test has hitherto been carried out by visual inspection and, of course, with the limitations of visual inspection. However, the aim is to perform a piece-by-piece check while automating the
PrüfVorganges . Eine solche Prüfung ist mit der genannten bekannten Vorrichtung bei kurzen Taktzeiten nicht möglich.Test procedure. Such a test is not possible with the known device mentioned at short cycle times.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der die Zeit für die Prüfung so gering ist, daß eine Stück-für-Stück-Prü- fung, insbesondere eine automatische Prüfung, erfolgen kann. Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebene Lehre gelöst .The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device referred to in the preamble of claim 1, in which the time for the test is so low that a piece-by-piece examination, in particular an automatic test done can. The problem underlying the invention is achieved by the teaching set forth in claim 1.
Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, daß der digitale Bildaufnehmer, der das von der Optik aufgenommene Rundumbild aufnimmt, nur AusgangsSignale ent- sprechend einem ringförmigen Band auf der Innenfläche des Hohlraumes erzeugt, derart, daß das Ausgangssignal nur Informationen über dieses ringförmige Band enthält. Dadurch ergibt sich eine beträchtliche Reduktion des Informationsinhalts. Diese reduzierten Ausgangssignale bilden dann den Bildinhalt der Zeilen eines kartesi- schen Gesamtbildes, das im Ergebnis erzeugt wird. Durch den schrittweisen Vorschub der Optik werden jeweils neue Zeilen aneinandergereiht, so daß das Gesamtbild entsteht . Die Erfindung macht sich die Tatsache zunutze, daß digitale Hochgeschwindigkeitsbildaufnehmer zur Verfügung stehen, die in der Lage sind, 1.000 Bilder pro Sekunde aufzunehmen und entsprechende Bildsignale zu erzeugen. Um gemäß dem Grundgedanken der Erfindung nur Ausgangssignale entsprechend einem ringförmigen Band auf der Innenfläche des Hohlraumes zu erzeugen, sieht eine Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre vor, daß der digitale Bildaufnehmer eine matrixförmige Bildpunkt- anordnung sowie ein digitales Auslesefenster aufweist, das so programmiert ist, daß nur AusgangsSignale entsprechend dem ringförmigen Band auf der Innenfläche des Hohlraumes erzeugt werden. Da bei dieser Ausführungs- form ein Bildaufnehmer mit matrixförmiger Bildpunkt- anordnung verwendet werden kann, ist auf diese Weise eine Verwirklichung des Grundgedankens der Erfindung mit einer relativ einfachen und kostengünstigen Standardhardware ermöglicht. Eine andere außerordentlich vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre sieht jedoch vor, daß der Bildaufnehmer einen Ringsensor aufweist, bei dem die Bildpunkte auf einer ringförmigen Fläche angeordnet sind. Bei dieser Ausführungsform erfaßt der Ringsensor von vornherein nur den für die Auswertung erforderlichen Bereich. Derartige Ringsensoren stehen zur Verfügung und weisen beispielsweise auf einer ringförmigen Fläche mit einem Außendurchmesser von 10 mm 2048 Pixel auf. Darüber hinaus können erfindungsgemäß auch beliebige andere Bildaufnehmeranordnungen verwendet werden, mittels derer ein ringförmiges Band auf der Innenfläche des Hohlraumes abgebildet werden kann. Beispielsweise kann hierzu erfindungsgemäß ein Matrixsensor mit wahl- freiem PixelZugriff verwendet werden, bei dem ausschließlich auf diejenigen Pixel zugegriffen wird, auf die das ringförmige Band abgebildet wird. Da die übrigen Pixel nicht ausgewertet werden, ist auch bei einer solchen Ausführungsform der Informationsgehalt entspre- chend der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre reduziert. Darüber hinaus können erfindungsgemäß auch beliebige andere Techniken verwendet werden, mittels derer eine ringförmige Zone abgetastet werden kann, beispielsweise da- durch, daß ein feststehender Bildaufnehmer verwendet wird, und das Bild über eine Prismenanordnung rotiert. In diesem Zusammenhang können beispielsweise und insbesondere ein Mikrospiegel-Array oder ein DLP ("digital light processor") verwendet werden. Darüber hinaus ist es erfindungsgemäß auch möglich, das für die Auswertung vorgesehene ringförmige Band unter Verwendung von Glasfaserbündeln zu erzeugen, über deren eingangsseitige Enden das ringförmige Band erfaßt wird und die so geordnet sind, daß ihre ausgangsseitigen Enden das ring- förmige Band in eine Zeile eines kartesischen Bildes abbilden. Erfindungsgemäß wird also stets das ringförmige Band auf der Innenfläche des Hohlraumes erfaßt und in eine Zeile eines kartesischen Gesamtbildes umgesetzt. Beim axialen Vorschub der Optik werden dem kar- tesischen Bild somit nacheinander Zeilen hinzugefügt, so daß sich nach Beendigung der axialen Vorschubbewegung das kartesische Gesamtbild ergibt, das auf schnelle und einfache Weise ausgewertet werden kann.The basic idea of the invention is that the digital image recorder, which receives the all-around image taken by the optics, produces only output signals corresponding to an annular band on the inner surface of the cavity, such that the output signal contains only information about this annular band. This results in a considerable reduction of the information content. These reduced output signals then form the image content of the lines of a Cartesian overall image, which is generated as a result. The gradual advance of the optics each new lines are strung together, so that the overall picture is created. The invention takes advantage of the fact that there are available high-speed digital imagers capable of capturing 1,000 frames per second and producing corresponding image signals. In accordance with the basic idea of the invention, in order to produce only output signals corresponding to an annular band on the inner surface of the cavity, a further development of the teaching according to the invention provides that the digital image recorder has a matrix-shaped pixel arrangement as well as a digital read-out window which is programmed so that only Output signals corresponding to the annular band are generated on the inner surface of the cavity. Since in this embodiment an image sensor with matrix-shaped pixel arrangement can be used, in this way it is possible to realize the basic idea of the invention with a relatively simple and inexpensive standard hardware. However, another extremely advantageous development of the teaching according to the invention provides that the image sensor has a ring sensor, in which the pixels are arranged on an annular surface. In this embodiment, the ring sensor detected from the outset only the required area for the evaluation. Such ring sensors are available and have 2048 pixels, for example, on an annular surface with an outer diameter of 10 mm. In addition, according to the invention any other image pickup arrangements can be used by means of which an annular band can be imaged on the inner surface of the cavity. For example, for this purpose, according to the invention, a matrix sensor with random pixel access can be used, in which only those pixels are accessed to which the annular band is imaged. Since the remaining pixels are not evaluated, even in such an embodiment the information content is reduced the teaching of the invention. Moreover, according to the invention, any other techniques can be used by means of which an annular zone can be scanned, for example by using a fixed image recorder and rotating the image via a prism arrangement. In this context, for example, and in particular a micromirror array or a DLP ("digital light processor") can be used. In addition, it is also possible according to the invention to provide the intended for the evaluation of the annular band using glass fiber bundles, on whose input ends the annular band is detected and which are arranged so that their output ends the annular band in a row of depict Cartesian picture. According to the invention, therefore, the annular band is always detected on the inner surface of the cavity and converted into a line of Cartesian overall picture. The axial feed of the optical system thus successively adds lines to the Cartesian image so that the overall cartesian image results after completion of the axial feed motion, which can be evaluated in a quick and simple manner.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind Mit- tel vorgesehen, die den Bildinhalt der Zeilen des kar- thesischen Bildes analysieren und die Ausgangssignale nur bei Überschreiten eines einstellbaren Grenzwertes zu den Mitteln zur Erzeugung eines kartesischen Bildes durchlassen. In optischer Hinsicht werden somit nur die Oberflächenfehler dargestellt, wobei durch die Einstellung des Grenzwertes die Oberflächenfehler bestimmt werden können, die zur Darstellung gelangen sollen. Natürlich ist es dann auch ohne weiteres möglich, diese Fehlersignale auszuwerten und die fehlerhaften Werk- stücke entsprechend auszuscheiden oder zu markieren. Gemäß einer anderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist im Bereich der Optik eine Beleuchtungsquelle zur Rundumbeleuchtung fest angeordnet . Dadurch erübrigt sich die Beleuchtung über eine von der Optik entfernt angeordnete Lichtquelle, deren Licht beispielsweise durch einen Lichtleiter geleitet wird. Vorzugsweise ist die Beleuchtungsquelle eine LED-Lichtquelle. Zweckmäßigerweise ist sie auch eine Laserdiode. Anhand der stark schematisierten Zeichnung wird die Erfindung nachfolgend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden. Dabei bilden alle beschriebenen, in der Zeichnung dargestellten und in den Patentansprüchen beanspruchten Merkmale für sich genommen sowie in beliebiger Kombination miteinander den Gegenstand der Erfindung, unabhängig von ihrer Zusammenfassung in den Patentansprüchen sowie deren Rückbeziehung sowie unabhängig von ihrer Beschreibung bzw. Darstellung in der Zeichnung.According to one embodiment of the invention means are provided which analyze the image content of the lines of the Cartesian image and pass the output signals only when an adjustable limit value is exceeded to the means for generating a Cartesian image. In optical terms, therefore, only the surface defects are shown, whereby the surface defects which are to be displayed can be determined by setting the limit value. Of course, then it is also readily possible to evaluate these error signals and the faulty Werk- pieces to be eliminated or marked accordingly. According to another embodiment of the invention, a lighting source for all-round lighting is fixedly arranged in the field of optics. As a result, the illumination is unnecessary over a remote from the optic light source whose light is passed, for example, through a light guide. Preferably, the illumination source is an LED light source. Conveniently, it is also a laser diode. With reference to the highly schematic drawing, the invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. All the features described in the drawing and claimed in the claims, taken alone and in any combination with each other form the subject of the invention, regardless of their summary in the claims and their dependency and regardless of their description or representation in the drawing.
Es zeigt :It shows :
Fig. 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zusammen mit einem Werkstück, Fig. 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, Fig. 3 schematisch die Aufnahmefläche eines1 shows a first embodiment of a device according to the invention together with a workpiece, Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a device according to the invention, Fig. 3 shows schematically the receiving surface of a
Bildaufnehmers ,Image recorder,
Fig. 4 schematisch die Speicherung eines von dem Bildaufnehmer aufgenommenen Kreis- rings, Fig. 5 die Bildung eines kartesischen Bildes und Fig. 6 schematisch die Abwicklung der Innen- fläche der Bohrung.4 schematically shows the storage of a circle recorded by the image recorder, FIG. 5 shows the formation of a Cartesian image, and FIG. 6 shows schematically the development of the interior surface of the hole.
Die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 weist eine Optik 2 mit Rundumblick von 360°, beispielsweise eine Fisheye- Optik, auf, so daß sie eine zylindrische Innenfläche 4 einer Bohrung 6 in einem Werkstück 8 auf einem bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel digitalen Bildaufnehmer 10 abbildet. Die Optik 2 ist nach Art einer endoskopischen Optik ausgebildet, die an einer Halterung 12 angeordnet ist und durch einen elektromotorischen Vorschubantrieb 14 bewegt wird, um so die Optik 2 in Axialrichtung durch die Bohrung 6 zu bewegen. Die Beleuchtung der zylindrischen Innenfläche 4 erfolgt durch eine Lichtquelle 16, bei der es sich bei diesem Ausführungsbei- spiel um eine Leuchtdiode oder eine Hochleistungslaserdiode handelt, die kontinuierlich oder gepulst Licht abgibt. Das Ausgangssignal des Bildaufnehmers 10 gelangt über eine Leitung 18 in einen Auswerterechner 20, dessen Funktion nachfolgend anhand der Figuren 3 bis 6 erläutert wird.The device according to FIG. 1 has an all-round 360 ° optical system 2, for example a fisheye optical system, so that it images a cylindrical inner surface 4 of a bore 6 in a workpiece 8 on a digital image recorder 10 in this exemplary embodiment. The optic 2 is designed in the manner of an endoscopic optic, which is arranged on a holder 12 and is moved by an electromotive feed drive 14 so as to move the optic 2 in the axial direction through the bore 6. The illumination of the cylindrical inner surface 4 is effected by a light source 16, which in this exemplary embodiment is a light-emitting diode or a high-power laser diode which emits light continuously or in a pulsed manner. The output signal of the image recorder 10 passes via a line 18 into an evaluation computer 20, the function of which will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6.
Fig. 2 zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, das im Vergleich zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 für eine Verwendung in größeren Bohrungen geeignet ist. Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Bildaufnehmer 10 in derFig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a device according to the invention, which is suitable for use in larger holes compared to the embodiment of FIG. In the illustrated embodiment, the imager 10 is in the
Halterung 12 aufgenommen, so daß die Halterung 12 mit dem Bildaufnehmer 10 bei einem axialen Vorschub der Vorrichtung in die Bohrung 6 eintaucht. Als Lichtquelle 16 dient bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ein Ringlicht, das beispielsweise durch ein LED-Array gebildet sein kann.Holder 12 is received, so that the holder 12 is immersed with the image sensor 10 at an axial feed of the device in the bore 6. As the light source 16 is used in this embodiment, a ring light, which may be formed for example by an LED array.
Fig. 3 zeigt zunächst die Aufnahmefläche des Bildaufnehmers 10, bei dem ein Auswertefenster so programmiert ist, daß ein Ringfenster 22 zwischen einem äuße- ren Kreisring 24 und einem inneren Kreisring 26 geöffnet ist, so daß nur aus dem Bereich dieses Ringfensters 22 Bildsignale von dem Bildaufnehmer 10 übertragen werden. Fig. 4 verdeutlicht, wie der Auswerterechner 20 über den Umfang der zylindrischen Innenfläche 4 von 0° bis 360° Zeilenstreifen 28 bildet, die in Abhängigkeit von der durch den Vorschubantrieb 14 vorgesehenen axialen Position der Optik 2 in der Zeichnung in vertikaler Richtung nacheinander gespeichert werden, so daß innerhalb einer in Fig. 5 dargestellten kartesischen Bildfläche 30 mit Eckpunkten 32, 34, 36 und 38 Bildsignale erzeugt werden, die zur Darstellung einer Abwicklung 40 dienen, wie das schematisch in Fig. 6 ge- zeigt ist.3 initially shows the receiving surface of the image recorder 10, in which an evaluation window is programmed such that a ring window 22 is arranged between an outer window ren circular ring 24 and an inner circular ring 26 is open, so that only from the area of this ring window 22 image signals are transmitted from the image sensor 10. Fig. 4 illustrates how the evaluation computer 20 forms over the circumference of the cylindrical inner surface 4 of 0 ° to 360 ° line strip 28, which are stored sequentially in dependence on the provided by the feed drive 14 axial position of the lens 2 in the drawing in the vertical direction , so that within a Cartesian image surface 30 shown in FIG. 5 with corner points 32, 34, 36 and 38 image signals are generated which serve to represent a development 40, as shown schematically in FIG.
Anhand der Abwicklung 40 gemäß Fig. 6 ist eine visuelle Beurteilung der zylindrischen Innenfläche 4 der Bohrung 6 möglich. Durch eine nicht dargestellte Auswertungseinrichtung können die Bildsignale gemäß Fig. 5 auch automatisch ausgewertet werden, um so fehlerhafte Werkstücke automatisch auszuscheiden.Based on the settlement 40 of FIG. 6, a visual assessment of the cylindrical inner surface 4 of the bore 6 is possible. By an evaluation device, not shown, the image signals shown in FIG. 5 can also be evaluated automatically, so as to automatically reject faulty workpieces.
Entsprechend der axialen Position der Optik 2 werden in Axialrichtung zueinander beabstandete ringförmige Bänder auf der Innenfläche 4 der Bohrung 6 abgebil- det und in der oben beschriebenen Weise in Zeilen eines kartesischen Bildes umgewandelt. Durch Aneinanderreihung der aus der Abbildung des jeweiligen ringförmigen Bandes gewonnenen kartesischen Einzelbilder wird ein kartesisches Gesamtbild erzeugt, das die gesamte zu untersuchende Oberfläche der Bohrung 6 darstellt. Der axiale Vorschub der Optik 2 kann beispielsweise schrittweise erfolgen, wobei die axiale Schrittweite insbesondere so gewählt sein kann, daß die jeweils aufgenommenen ringförmigen Bänder auf der Innenfläche der Bohrung 6 in Axialrichtung nahtlos und überlappungsfrei aneinanderanschließen. Es ist erfindungsgemäß auch möglich, daß sich die in Axialrichtung aufeinanderfolgenden ringförmigen Bänder in Axialrichtung überlappen, soweit dies bei der Auswertung kompensierend berücksichtigt wird. Um den axialen Vorschub der Optik 2 und die Aufnahme von Bildsignalen zu synchronisieren, stehen der Vorschubantrieb 14 und der Auswerterechner 20 in Datenübertragungsverbindung, wie in Fig. 1 durch das Bezugszeichen 42 angedeutet.Corresponding to the axial position of the optics 2, axially spaced-apart annular bands are imaged on the inner surface 4 of the bore 6 and converted into lines of a Cartesian image in the manner described above. By juxtaposing the cartesian individual images obtained from the image of the respective annular band, an overall Cartesian image is created which represents the entire surface of the bore 6 to be examined. The axial feed of the optics 2 can be carried out stepwise, for example, wherein the axial step size can be chosen in particular so that the respectively recorded annular bands on the inner surface of the Bore 6 in the axial direction seamlessly and without overlapping connect to each other. It is also possible according to the invention that the annular bands following one another in the axial direction overlap in the axial direction, as far as this is compensated for in the evaluation. To synchronize the axial feed of the optics 2 and the recording of image signals, the feed drive 14 and the evaluation computer 20 are in data transmission connection, as indicated in Fig. 1 by the reference numeral 42.
Anstelle eines Bildaufnehmers mit matrixförmiger Bildpunktanordnung gemäß Fig. 6 kann erfindungsgemäß insbesondere auch ein Ringsensor verwendet werden, bei dem die Bildpunkte auf einer ringförmigen Fläche an- geordnet sind. Eine solche Ausführungsform hat den Vorteil, daß ausschließlich Ausgangssignale entsprechend jeweils einem ringförmigen Band auf der Innenfläche 4 des Hohlraumes aufgenommen werden, so daß eine Selektion der aufgenommenen Ausgangssignale, beispielsweise über ein programmiertes Auslesefenster, nicht erforderlich ist. Instead of an image sensor having a matrix-shaped pixel arrangement according to FIG. 6, a ring sensor in which the pixels are arranged on an annular surface can also be used according to the invention. Such an embodiment has the advantage that only output signals corresponding to a respective annular band are recorded on the inner surface 4 of the cavity, so that a selection of the recorded output signals, for example via a programmed readout window, is not required.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung zur Abbildung der Innenfläche (4) eines vorzugsweise zylindrischen Hohlraums in einem Werkstück (8) ,1. Device for imaging the inner surface (4) of a preferably cylindrical cavity in a workpiece (8),
mit einer Optik (2) mit Rundumblick von vorzugsweise 360°,with an optic (2) with 360 ° view, preferably 360 °,
mit Mitteln zum Vorschub der Optik (2) senkrecht zur Ebene des Rundumblicks,with means for advancing the optics (2) perpendicular to the plane of the all-round view,
mit einem digitalen Bildaufnehmer (10) mit einer ebenen Bildaufnahmefläche, auf der das von der Optik (2) aufgenommene Rundumbild abgebildet wird, undwith a digital image sensor (10) with a flat image-receiving surface, on which the all-around image recorded by the optics (2) is imaged, and
mit Mitteln, die aus den digitalen Ausgangssignalen des Bildaufnehmers (10) ein kartesisches Bild erzeugen, das eine Abwicklung (40) der Innenfläche des Hohlraums ist,with means for generating a Cartesian image from the digital output signals of the image sensor (10), which is a development (40) of the inner surface of the cavity,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
daß der digitale Bildaufnehmer (10) derart ausgebildet ist, daß nur Ausgangssignale entsprechend einem ringförmigen Band auf der Innenfläche (4) des Hohlraums in einer Ebene im wesentlichen quer zur Richtung des schrittweisen Vorschubs der Optik erzeugt werden, und daß diese Ausgangssignale den Bildinhalt der Zeilen eines kartesischen Gesamtbildes bilden.in that the digital image sensor (10) is designed such that only output signals corresponding to an annular band on the inner surface (4) of the cavity are generated in a plane substantially transverse to the direction of incremental advance of the optics, and that these output signals are the image content of the lines form a Cartesian overall picture.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich- net, daß der digitale Bildaufnehmer (10) eine matrix- förmige Bildpunktanordnung sowie ein digitales Auslesefenster (22) aufweist, das so programmiert ist, daß nur Ausgangssignale entsprechend dem ringförmigen Band auf der Innenfläche (4) des Hohlraums erzeugt werden.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the digital image sensor (10) has a matrix shaped pixel array and a digital readout window (22) which is programmed so that only output signals corresponding to the annular band on the inner surface (4) of the cavity are generated.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der digitale Bildaufnehmer einen Ringsensor aufweist, bei dem die Bildpunkte auf einer ringförmigen Fläche angeordnet sind.3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the digital image sensor comprises a ring sensor, wherein the pixels are arranged on an annular surface.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel vorgesehen sind, die den Bildinhalt der Zeilen des kartesischen Bildes analysieren und die Ausgangssignale nur bei Überschreiten eines einstellbaren Grenzwertes zu den4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means are provided which analyze the image content of the lines of the Cartesian image and the output signals only when an adjustable limit value is exceeded to the
Mitteln zur Erzeugung eines kartesischen Bildes durchlassen.Let through means for generating a Cartesian image.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü- che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich der Optik5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the field of optics
(2) eine Lichtquelle (16) zur Rundumbeleuchtung in Blickrichtung der Optik (2) fest angeordnet ist.(2) a light source (16) for all-round illumination in the direction of the optics (2) is fixedly arranged.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeich- net, daß die Lichtquelle (16) eine LED-Lichtquelle ist.6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized marked, that the light source (16) is an LED light source.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lichtquelle (16) eine Laserdiode ist.7. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the light source (16) is a laser diode.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das ringförmige Band aus einem einzelnen Ring besteht, der in dem kartesischen Gesamtbild zu einer einzelnen Zeile führt. 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the annular band consists of a single ring, which leads to a single line in the overall Cartesian image.
EP08784598A 2007-07-05 2008-07-02 Apparatus for imaging the inner surface of a cavity which is preferably cylindrical Ceased EP2165186A1 (en)

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DE102007031358.8A DE102007031358B4 (en) 2007-07-05 2007-07-05 Apparatus for imaging the inner surface of a cylindrical cavity
PCT/EP2008/005393 WO2009003692A1 (en) 2007-07-05 2008-07-02 Apparatus for imaging the inner surface of a cavity which is preferably cylindrical

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