EP2015871A1

EP2015871A1 - Three-phase separator comprising a skimming disc and solid discharge orifices

Info

Publication number: EP2015871A1
Application number: EP06724790A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Kim TRÄGER; Herbert Kunz
Original assignee: GEA Westfalia Separator GmbH
Current assignee: GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH
Priority date: 2006-05-11
Filing date: 2006-05-11
Publication date: 2009-01-21
Anticipated expiration: 2026-05-11
Also published as: CA2619883C; CA2619883A1; NO20085146L; CN101189068A; CN101189068B; WO2007131515A1; US8192342B2; EP2015871B1; US20090298666A1; NO341606B1

Abstract

A separator comprising an at least internally single or double-conical separator drum (1) which is mounted rotatably only on one of its axial ends and which has a vertical rotational axis and which also has the following: only at its lower end or at its upper end, a rotary spindle for driving the separator drum, which is mounted so as to oscillate about an articulation point (G), a feed tube (4) for a product to be processed, at least two liquid outlets for a lighter phase (LP) and a heavier phase (HP), wherein the liquid outlet for the lighter phase (LP) is provided with a skimming disc, preferably solid discharge orifices in the region of its greatest internal circumference, a separating pan assembly arranged in the separator drum, wherein an adjustable throttle device (13) is arranged downstream of the liquid outlet of the heavier phase (HP) (12) outside the drum and preferably has an annular disc (19) and is designed to shift the liquid radius R(HP), up to which the heavy phase in the drum extends by changing the exit cross section for the heavy liquid phase - i.e. by partial throttling.

Description

Three-phase separating separator with a paring disc and solids discharge openings

The invention relates to a separator according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for three-phase separation with such a separator.

Such separators have been known for a long time. As a rule, the liquid discharges are provided with so-called paring discs, in which the effect is utilized that the rotational energy of the incoming liquid is converted into a back pressure in the discharge line. Such peeling discs have proven themselves. In particular, it is possible to vary by throttling the prevailing dynamic pressure and thus to vary the separation zone in the drum or the radius of the separation zone in the drum over a certain range A. It is also known, in particular, to assign paring discs to both fluid outlets.

A known three-phase separator is shown in FIG. If a peeling disk is assigned to one or both of the two fluid outlets from the drum and the further outlet is nozzle-shaped, this results in an area delta LP within which the peeling disk allows throttling of the separation zone in the drum by throttling (see, for example, WO 86/01436). , Here, on the one hand, the range of displaceability of the separation zone is still relatively low and it is also not readily possible to move the separation zone in operation quickly enough via the paring discs. The shift also does not always lead to stable process conditions, since the variation of the throttling of the peeling disk processes directly affects several parameters of the process.

The invention has the object of developing the generic separator such that in a simple manner during operation, a displacement of the separation zone within the drum over a larger radial range is possible, with an improved adjustability of the position of the separation zone should be possible. A method for operating such a separator is also to be proposed.

The invention solves this problem by the subject-matter of claims 1 and 12. The invention proposes a separator with an at least one inside or double conical separator drum, which is rotatably mounted only at one of its axial ends and which has a vertical axis of rotation and further comprises: only at its lower end or at its upper end a rotary spindle for driving the separator drum, which is oscillatingly mounted about a hinge point, a feed pipe for a product to be processed, at least two liquid outlets for a lighter phase and a heavier phase, wherein the liquid outlet is provided with a paring disc for the lighter phase,

Feststoffaustragsöffnungen, preferably in the region of its largest inner circumference, - arranged in the separator drum Trenntellerpaket, wherein the further liquid outlet an adjustable throttle device is connected downstream of the drum, which preferably has a ring or throttle plate and is adapted to the liquid radius, until to which the heavy phase extends in the drum, by changing the outlet cross-section for the heavy liquid phase - ie by throttling - to move.

With the help of the invention, in particular improved controllability of the process and in particular an improved controllability of the position of the separation zone, also called E-line results.

It is also possible to compensate for changes in the product quantities (phase ratio) as well as the product quality (in particular density) and still keep the dividing line virtually constant. Nozzle wear can be determined and service life extended.

Throttling devices, even in the manner of non-rotating annular disks during operation, are known per se from the field of solid bowl centrifuges - for example from DE 102 09 925 A1 or DE 102 03 652 A1. However, the drums of these centrifuges are mounted in the area of both axial ends and do not oscillate like centrifuges. This results in the difference that the drums of the decanters or solid bowl centrifuges rotate about a defined axis, while the separators Tortrommeln perform some precession, so that it was assumed that the conditions at the drain ring gap are not constant enough to achieve a defined adjustment of the separation zone between light and heavy phase and a shift of the drainage radius of the heavy liquid phase using an adjustable throttle disc , This assumption has not been confirmed. Contrary to expectations, stable conditions also occur at the outlet gap of the separator at the throttle disk. Rather, the throttle disc improves process efficiency as well as fine tuning and process stability.

The separator is suitable for a wide variety of three-phase separation tasks, in particular crude oil processing, in which the crude oil is clarified by solids and water is separated from the crude oil.

The invention also provides a use of a separator according to the invention according to one of the corresponding claims for crude oil treatment in which the crude oil is clarified by solids and water is separated from the crude oil.

The invention also provides a process for the three-phase separation and clarification of a product to be processed in at least two liquid phases and a solid phase, wherein the processing of the product takes place in a separator according to one of the corresponding claims directed to this, wherein for adjusting the separation zone once in operation adjusting the radius of the light liquid phase LP by means of the paring disc and then adjusting the heavy liquid phase (FIP) and thus the separation zone by means of the throttle device, preferably the annular disk.

Further advantageous embodiments can be found in the remaining subclaims.

The invention will be described with reference to an embodiment with reference to the drawings. It shows:

1 shows a section through one half of a separator drum according to the invention, shown purely schematically;

2 shows a section through a further separator drum according to the invention, schematically illustrated; 3 shows a section through an exemplary embodiment of a drive region for a separator drum of the type of FIGS. 1 to 3; 4 shows a separator drum according to the prior art; and

5a-c a multi-part table to illustrate the effect of Erfϊn- fertilg.

Fig.l to 3 show each Separatortrommeln 1, which have a vertically oriented axis of rotation at the radius r ₀ .

The separator drums 1 are each mounted on a rotary spindle 2, e.g. 4 directly or via a belt driven (not shown here) or otherwise (for example, a transmission). The rotary spindle 2 can be made conical in its upper circumferential area.

The rotary spindle 2 is mounted with at least one or more bearings 3 on one side of the drum - here below the drum - oscillating and therefore describes in operation due to residual unbalance unlike a decanter a new axis adjusts a kind of precession movement around the vertical r ₀ ( see Fig. 4, in which the inclination angle α is shown) describes.

In addition to this type of construction, constructions are also known in which a lower drum is quasi "suspended" on an upper rotary spindle, but here too the drum is rotatably oscillatingly supported only at one of its ends or at one of its axial ends.

The separator drum 1 has a feed pipe 4 for a product P to be hurled, to which a distributor 5 adjoins, which is provided with at least one or more outlet openings 6, through which incoming centrifugal material (crossed hatching) into the interior of the separator drum 1 and the Rising channel 7 of the Tellerpa- kets can be passed. A feed through the spindle e.g. from below is also possible.

Here, the construction is chosen such that the outlet openings 6 below a riser channel 7 in a plate package 8 (outer diameter at reference numeral 8) of conically shaped separating plates 9 are. At the top, the plate package 8 of a Sheath plate 17 completed, which has a larger diameter than the plate package.

Within the separating plate pact, and preferably within the rising channel 7, during operation with a corresponding rotation of the drum at a certain radius r _E - the Emulionslinie or dividing line (also called E line) - forms a separation zone between a lighter liquid phase LP (hatching from the left bottom right top) and a heavier liquid phase FIP (hatching to the lower right).

The lighter liquid phase LP (light phase) is conducted at an inner radius r _LP with the aid of a paring disc 10 (also called a gripper) from the drum. With Hilde of the dynamic pressure created by the rotational energy of the fluid, the paring disc acts like a pump. The peeling disk is downstream of a valve 18 for throttling, for example, outside the separator in its downstream discharge.

By contrast, the heavy liquid phase HP flows around the outer circumference of the divider plate 17 through the discharge channel 11 to a liquid outlet 12 at the upper axial end of the drum 1 (radius rpp).

In that regard, the constructions of Fig. 1 to 3 correspond. They are also providable with the same drive devices.

According to Fig. 3, the heavy phase HP flows at the liquid outlet 12 overflow from the drum.

Contrary to the construction of FIG. 3, the constructions according to the invention of FIGS. 1 and 2 are provided in the region of the liquid outlet 12 with an adjustable throttling device 13 with the aid of which the cross section at the liquid outlet is variable.

In order to realize this throttle device 13 structurally in a simple manner, it is proposed, in the manner of FIGS. 2 and 3, to arrange, in the axial direction above the fluid outlet 12 outside the drum 1, a kind of annular or throttle disk 19 which is at least one Fluid outlet opening arranged spaced apart and is formed, wherein the position of the annular disc 19 to the at least one Outlet opening is variable. The disc may have a flat surface or be provided with grooves, for example. The surface of the annular disc is preferably - but not necessarily - aligned perpendicular to the drum axis.

Preferably, the annular disc 19 is e.g. axially displaceable or arranged pivotably on one of its peripheral edges and the annular disc is associated with a drive which is adapted to change the distance between the preferably stationary during operation annular disc 19 and the outlet opening 12.

Preferably, the annular disc 19 is designed to be stationary during operation and does not rotate with the drum 1 with.

Between the annular disc 19 and the outlet openings 12 such a gap 20 is formed, which is flowed through by the effluent from the drum heavy liquid phase HP, wherein the width of the liquid gap is variable.

Both by throttling the paring disc and by adjusting the throttle device or here the gap width of the gap 20 by moving the annular disc 19, the radius of the E-line can be moved within the drum by a certain range.

Here, the double conical drum in the region of its largest diameter solid discharge nozzles 21, which serve for the continuous discharge of solid particles S from the drum. This embodiment is preferred. Embodiments without an additional discharge of solids are however also conceivable.

The original assumption that not enough stable conditions at the exit slit 20 form when using a movable annular disc 19 on a single-sided or cantilevered drum due to the significant precession, since the gap 20 due to the precession has no constant gap width, has not come true (See also the tables of Fig. 5).

Rather, the displaceable annular disc leads to a significant improvement in the adjustability of the emulsion line (E-line) and to a better controllability and controllability of the process. This also results in an enlarged adjustment range of the separation zone. In that regard, in turn, the structures of FIGS. 1 and 2 are the same.

The outlet openings 12 may have a round shape in the manner of bores or may be e.g. Wedge-like or step-like widening from the inside out, which increases the control capability in different cases .. It could also be a tube placed in the outlet openings, which would have the advantage that the liquid flow does not attach to the drum.

According to FIG. 2, a type of hydro-thermal ring chamber 14 is connected upstream of the liquid outlet.

This consists of a liquid outlet in the drum upstream disk 15 which extends from the outer periphery of the paring disc 10 to the outside and having a maximum circumferential radius which is greater than the largest radius to which the outlet openings 12 extend. The standing still, non-rotating (shutter) disc 15 is in turn connected upstream of the drum 1, a kind of annular disc 16 as the first weir, which extends from the inner periphery of the drum cover of the drum 1 inwardly and whose inner radius is smaller than the largest Radius to which the disc 15 and the outlet openings 12 extend, so that in the region between the annular disk 16 and the outlet openings 12 (as a 2nd weir) on the inner circumference of the drum cover of the drum 1, the Hydrohermitikringkammer 14 is formed.

This chamber prevents the uncontrolled escape of gases or steam from the drum through the outlet openings 12 or labyrinths or other gaps or the like, which would cause a short-term instability in the region of the emulsion line - separation zone -.

For pressure equalization vertical holes 22 which extend through the disc-shaped projection of the paring disc 10 and are not in operative connection with the drainage channel in paring disc may be provided.

In practice, the invention has the following effects: The improved control or adjustability of the radius rE of the emulsion line - also called separation zone or separation line - significantly increases the optimizability, the stability and the fine-tuning of the process in the three-phase separation system.

Assuming that the throttle device 13 with an orifice plate 19 which is adjustable, the discharge radius of the heavy liquid phase can adjust by 10 mm and that the paring disc can exert an additional pressure drop of 100,000 Pa, there is the following possibility of setting the E Line or maintaining a stable E-line with different tightness rates (K) (see the tables of FIG. 5).

The throttling device 13 alone can achieve an adjustability of the discharge radius of the heavy liquid phase of about 336 to 384 mm (ie 48 mm) or a compensation of the density variance (K) of 0.884 to 0.915 (0.031), because either by reaction to shifts or, in the event of product changes, by a change in the gap width of the gap 20, a displacement of the separation zone is counteracted in order to keep it at a radius that is as constant as possible in order to keep the process stable.

By contrast, the peeling disk 10 alone can achieve an adjustment of the radius of the dividing line of 360 to 392 mm (32 mm) or a compensation of the density change (K) of 0.878 to 0.900 (0.022).

Combined, the throttling device 13 and the peeling disk 10 can achieve an adjustment of the separating zone or the radius of the E-line of 336 to 414 mm (corresponding to 78 mm) or a density ratio variance (K) of 0.863 to 0.915 (0.052).

This impressively shows that with the combination of paring disc 10 and throttle device 13 and the solids discharge nozzles 21 (to which a discharge system, for example, with guide plates or the like is arranged downstream), it is not only possible to adjust the e-line over a large range, but that it is also possible to keep the E-line particularly simple constant, if the composition or property of the centrifugal material changes or by nozzle wear the machine characteristics - here the discharge cross section for the solid phase and thus the discharge amount of the solid phase.

If a hydrohermetic chamber 14 is provided in the manner of FIG. 2, it is possible to prevent steam or gas (eg hydrocarbons and / or water or oil vapor) from escaping from the liquid, independently of the process temperatures, so that the Advantage results in that neither the separation or separation efficiency in the plate stacks nor the position of the E line radius is particularly influenced by water vapor.

It is also possible, a separate and independent water supply into the drum (not shown here, feasible, for example, by a concentric supply pipe within the supply pipe 4 for the product and further through the manifold into the drum) to provide in the three-phase separation - without a To exert additional hydraulic load on the stack of plates - to ensure that there is always sufficient back pressure at the gap 20. If, on the other hand, the gap were not completely traversed, an uncontrolled shift of the E-line would possibly result.

The discharge volume flow through the gap 20 is preferably observed and possibly also measured in order to prevent such dry runs and to minimize the volume of water to be added as much as possible.

In the invention, it is also possible and particularly advantageous to measure the flow rate of the product to the centrifuge as well as the flow rates at the processes via the paring disc 10 and through the gap 20 at the throttle device 13, wherein the discharge rate of solids through the Feststoffaustragsdüsen 21st from the differences of these sizes can be determined.

The nozzle discharge capacity may be initially determined theoretically based on the machine design and drum rotation speed. This capacity is hereinafter referred to as "nominal" capacity or derivative rate. The difference between the nominal and the "measured" discharge rates of the solids nozzles gives information about the operating states of the nozzles.

If the "measured" bleed rate is greater than the nominal rate, the nozzles 21 will show signs of wear and a period of time within which it is advisable to repair the solids discharge nozzles 21 is advantageous it is possible to maximize the time to change the nozzles.

If the measured "drain rate" is less than the nominal rate, one can conclude that one or more of the solids discharge nozzles 21 are clogged.

The system may be configured to automatically correct the effect of nozzle wear when determining whether the solids discharge nozzles are clogged or not.

Finally, it is also possible to create a kind of expert system for process optimization and control with the aid of the separator drum according to the invention.

The pressure drop across the throttle device (at the gap 20) depends on the flow rate or quantity and the size of the gap 20. The pressure drop over the paring disc 10 depends on the flow rate and the throttling pressure on the valve 20 of the paring disc. The pressure drops affect the discharge rates of the heavy and light phases. Combined and considered individually, the discharge line radii also influence the position of the E-line.

Since it is clear how the heavy and light discharge radii are affected by the pressure drop across the gap 20 and the paring disc, and how this affects the E-lines, an improved separator control and regulation system can be provided.

Thus, from the fact that the radius of the E-line is particularly small, the user can conclude that a greater proportion of heavy phase is in the light phase and vice versa. If the emulsion is not separable, an emulsion layer has built up within the centrifuge.

By making suitable adjustments to the settings at the gap 20 and / or at the paring disc, it is possible either to prevent the formation of the emulsion layer or to divert it into the heavy or the light liquid discharge, before the process becomes unstable or a poorer clarification takes place or before the process becomes uncontrollable.

With an online expert system, a stable separation process can be maintained although fluctuation in the product feed rate and composition may occur or density fluctuations of the heavy and / or lighter liquid phases LP and HP. Such effects occur e.g. in natural products such as fish oil or in crude oil treatment (removal of water from the wood) or in water treatment (in particular separation of oil residues from the water).

By supplementing the online expert system with an online measurement of the flow rate and / or the product flow rate, it is possible to calculate the feed density or finally measure the density directly.

A correction of the flow rate of the solids can be carried out by measuring the solids content, since the solids density is a relatively constant parameter.

By measuring the discharge rate of light phase and the amount of flux, the light phase density and finally the density can be measured directly.

From the densities, the inflow and outflow rates of the heavy and light phases can be determined. From all these values conclusions can be drawn which allow to optimize the separation process by means of adjustments at the gap alone and / or by suitable throttling of the paring disc.

This simple expert system can be supplemented by an online measurement of the exact heavy phase composition and the light phases. Neither the heavy nor the light phases typically have a polarity which would make measuring the volumetric concentration easy.

reference numeral

Separator drums 1

Turning spindle 2

Warehouse 3

Inlet pipe 4

Distributor 5

Outlet openings 6

Climbing channel 7

Plate package 8

Separating plate 9

Peeling disk 10

Discharge channel 11

Fluid outlet 12

Weir 13

Hydro-thermal ring chamber 14

Baffle plate 15

Annular disc 16

Divider plate 17

Control valve 18

Annular disk 19

Gap 20

Solid outlet nozzles 21

Bores 22

Vertical RO

Angle α lighter fluid phase LP heavier fluid phase HP

Claims

claims

A separator having an at least one inside or a double conical separator drum (1) which is rotatably supported only at one of its axial ends and which has a vertical axis of rotation and which further comprises: a) only at its lower end or at its upper end a rotary spindle for driving the separator drum, which is mounted oscillatingly about a pivot point (G), b) a feed pipe (4) for a product to be processed, c) at least two liquid outlets for a lighter phase (LP) and a heavier phase (HP) d) preferably solids discharge openings in the region of their largest inner circumference, e) a separator plate arranged in the separator drum, characterized in that f) the further liquid outlet (12 ) an adjustable throttle device (13) is connected downstream of the drum, preferably a ring cheibe (19) and is adapted to the liquid radius R (HP), to which the heavy phase extends in the drum, by changing the outlet cross-section for the heavy liquid phase - ie by throttling - to move.

2. Separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular disc (19) in the axial direction above the liquid outlet (12) outside the drum (1) is arranged.

3. Separator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the annular disc (19) is associated with a drive device and that the annular disc is axially movable, in particular displaceable and / or pivotable, so that the distance between the operating ring disc (19) and the outlet opening - ie the gap width of an annular gap (20) - is variable.

4. Separator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the annular disc (19) is designed as non-rotating during operation.

5. Separator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solids outlet openings are designed as nozzles (21) which are designed for the continuous discharge of solid particles from the drum (2).

6. Separator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solids outlet nozzles (21) are closable by means of a piston slide.

7. Separator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solids outlet nozzles (21) contain nozzles and a piston slide.

8. Separator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a extending into the drum further supply pipe for a liquid such as water as an additive to the processing product.

9. Separator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one or more sensor (s) for measuring the product flow rates at the inflows and / or outflows.

10. Separator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid outlet (12) for the heavy liquid phase and the throttle device (13) are preceded by a Hydrohermitikringkammer (14).

11. Separator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Hydrohermitikringkammer (14) consists of a liquid outlet (12) upstream of the baffle plate (15) which extends from the outer periphery of the paring disc (10) to the outside and which has a maximum circumferential radius which is greater than the largest radius, to which the outlet openings (12) extend, wherein the baffle plate is preceded by an annular disc (16) extending inwardly from the inner periphery of the drum cover of the drum (1) and whose inner radius is smaller than the largest radius, to which the baffle plate (15) and the outlet openings (12) extend so that in the area between the annular disc

(16) and the outlet openings (12) on the inner circumference of the drum cover of the drum (1), the Hydrohermetikringkammer (14) is formed.

12. Method for the three-phase separation and clarification of a process to be processed

Product in at least two liquid phases and a solid phase, characterized in that the processing of the product takes place in a separator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein for adjusting the separation zone once in operation, adjusting the radius of the light liquid phase LP by means of the paring disc (10 ) and then adjusting the heavy liquid phase (HP) and thus the separation zone by means of the throttle device (13), preferably the annular disc (19) takes place.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the separation zone is maintained by a control method depending on the product feed rate and / or condition at a constant radius.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the

Flow quantities in the product feed into the drum and the product discharge from the drum on the paring disc and the throttle device are determined, in particular measured and that the flow rate of solid from the difference of these sizes is determined.

15. A method, in particular according to claim 12, 13 or 14, characterized in that from a change in the determined flow amount for the solid phase on a change in the state of the solids discharge jets is closed, with an increase in the flow amount indicative of wear of the nozzles and a decrease in the flow rate to blockage or contamination of the nozzles.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that in the case of an emulsion formation by adjusting the paring disc and the throttle device, the separation zone is shifted such that the emulsion is discharged through the paring disc or the gap at the throttle device.

17. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the solids content of the guided into the separator drum product is measured.

18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the drainage volume of the light liquid phase is determined, in particular measured.

19. Use of a separator according to any one of the preceding claims for crude oil treatment, wherein clarified from the crude oil of solids and water is separated from the crude oil.