EP2011125B1 - Structure element for radiation shielding constructions - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a structure for radiation protection structures with at least one base plate and at least one wall section and / or at least one ceiling section.

Generic structures are primarily used in the field of industry, medicine and research application and are always used when it is to be prevented that radiation, for example, caused by particle accelerator or medical radiation equipment leaves a defined space.

Conventionally, solid concrete or reinforced concrete was always installed in the production of such structures. In order to reduce the construction costs with nevertheless reliable radiation shielding, the DE 103 27 466 A1 to produce the structure in sandwich construction, wherein a layer of the corresponding building parts of radiation protection material and at least one further layer of (steel) concrete is produced. Such a construction has various advantages, in particular in the form of lower construction costs. Both in conventional structures, as well as in structures that are manufactured in reinforced concrete sandwich construction, but the geometry of the finished structure must be known before completion of the individual components. Subsequent changes or the structure of the building elsewhere are possible, but can mean a relatively large effort.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a structure for radiation protection structures, which consists of individual components that can be flexibly combined with each other, so that the geometry of the structure can also be subsequently modified easily and inexpensively.

This object is solved by the features of the independent claims.

According to the invention it is proposed that the at least one wall section and / or the at least one ceiling section consists of at least two formwork elements of metal, plastic and / or wood and an intermediate layer of radiation protection material, that the type of radiation protection material within the building, in particular depending on the type of radiation and / or the radiation intensity varies, and that the structure can be dismantled and / or rebuilt.

This results in a large number of advantages. On the one hand, the individual formwork elements can be produced inexpensively and very flexibly. Also, the corresponding building parts in the use of steel or a high-strength plastic due to the high stability of the shuttering material used a relatively small wall thickness compared to building parts made of concrete or reinforced concrete. In addition, the individual components can be made very flexible. While the use of concrete only allows the production of formwork elements with substantially planar surfaces, the components according to the invention may have almost any geometric shape, so that individually tailored to the present conditions structure can be produced.

If the type of radiation protection material varies within the building structure, in particular as a function of the type of radiation and / or radiation intensity, the radiation conditions within the individual areas of the building can be individually considered, whereby the wall thickness of the individual sections can be kept constant. Also a subsequent adaptation of the shielding effect of respective components is thereby possible at any time. For this purpose, the radiation protection material must be replaced at the appropriate location of the building only by a radiation protection material adapted to the current radiation conditions. An exchange of the entire building part is therefore no longer necessary.

In this case, it is advantageous if the formwork elements are connected to the base plate and / or further formwork elements by means of detachable connections, in particular screwed, hooked and / or plugged together. A welding of the individual sections is of course conceivable. The proposed type of connection a particularly high flexibility of the structure is achieved. Their geometry can be adapted at any time by an appropriate combination of the individual sections of the present requirements. For this purpose, only the corresponding connections between the respective formwork elements must be solved. The formwork elements themselves can then be simple Way dismantled and, if necessary, again arranged to each other and interconnected, whereby almost any geometry of the structure can be realized. In addition, the individual formwork elements can also find other uses after a dismantling of the building, since they, in contrast to formwork elements made of concrete, must not be destroyed.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the connection is formed by, in particular angular, struts. The struts are expediently connected to more than two formwork elements of the wall and / or ceiling sections and span them, whereby the stability of the structure can be additionally increased.

If the connection comprises profiles, in particular omega profiles, an easily mountable or demountable connection of the formwork elements results. For this purpose, corresponding formwork areas of the wall sections and / or the at least one ceiling section and / or the base plate profilings, such as folds, which cooperate with the respective profiles. In this case, the profiles merely have to be pushed onto the corresponding adjacent profilings of the said areas and subsequently ensure a secure and easily detachable connection.

It also brings particular advantages when the formwork elements have a substantially wave-shaped profile. As a result, their stability can be significantly increased compared to flat plate-shaped formwork elements. This ultimately leads to a considerable material and thus cost savings in the production of the building. In addition, standard components, such as conventional steel sheet piles, find use, which can also be reused after a dismantling of the building and elsewhere.

It is also advantageous in this connection if the formwork elements surrounding the radiation protection material, in particular with the aid of removable tension anchors arranged transversely to their longitudinal extent, are connected to one another. As a result, the stability of the corresponding components can be significantly increased, which is essential especially for thick components with a high proportion of radiation protection material. The tie rods are conveniently screwed or welded to the adjacent formwork elements. Additionally or alternatively, the formwork elements may also have recordings, with which the tie rods are connected by a plug and / or spline connection. The tie rods can of course also be hung only in appropriate recordings.

The tie rods have in a particularly advantageous embodiment, a Z, T or U-profile, whereby a particularly high stability can be ensured with the lowest possible cost of materials.

It is particularly advantageous if the wall sections and / or ceiling sections have standardized dimensions. As a result, building structure can be created in the manner of a modular system in a particularly simple manner. In addition, the production of the corresponding sections and their transport is considerably simplified, which is not least reflected in lower costs. In particular, if the wall sections and / or the at least one ceiling section have a constant thickness, the individual sections can be combined as desired.

It is furthermore advantageous if the radiation protection material contains minerals which, on account of their petrographic properties, in particular their atomic number and / or specific gravity, are suitable as radiation protection material. Consequently, a wide variety of materials can be used. The selection of the radiation protection material can thus be selected on the one hand according to the radiation to be shielded, and on the other hand also according to the materials available at the construction site. As a result, economic aspects can also be taken into account. Thus, for example, the use of conventional limestone gravel (CaCO ₃ ) is conceivable if this is correspondingly simple and / or cost-effective procurement. Also, materials such as barytes or iron ore have proven excellent because of their high specific gravity.

In order to ensure a particularly reliable radiation shielding by the presence of hydrogen atoms, it is advantageous if the radiation protection material contains water. In particular, when the water is bound to a solid support material, the radiation protection material is easy to handle. Water damage, caused by any leaks in the components, can also be easily avoided.

Also advantageous is the use of calcium carbonate (lime). This has despite its high water content on a relatively high density, so that calcium carbonate, especially in compacted form, is ideal as a radiation protection material.

Advantageously, the radiation protection material comprises natural unburned calcium sulfate dihydrate. Due to the low cost and its high Water-binding capacity is suitable for natural gypsum in a special way as a radiation protection material. Of course, so-called REA gypsum can also be used.

In addition, it brings advantages when the radiation protection material comprises a bed of set granulated gypsum. Such gypsum is not only easier to transport, but also very easy to process. The above-mentioned advantages with regard to radiation shielding are retained.

It is particularly advantageous if the radiation protection material is compacted. As a result, the homogeneity of the corresponding material is significantly increased. In addition, it can be avoided that cavities arise within the components which would significantly reduce the radiation-shielding effect.

If additions of gibbsite, hydrotillite, aluminum hydrate or magnesium sulfate are added to the radiation protection material, the effect of the radiation protection material can be further increased.

Special advantages also result in an elastic mounting of the base plate. As a result, the corresponding structure can be effectively decoupled from external vibrations and / or vibrations. This is particularly advantageous when highly sensitive radiation sources are used within the building. Particularly in earthquake-prone areas, it is thus possible to ensure absorption and dissipation of the seismic energy introduced into the structure, which could not be ensured in the conventionally constructed radiation protection structures.

Advantageously, the bearing comprises at least one elastic material, at least one spring element and / or at least one shock absorber. The type of damping can be selected depending on the size of the building or the expected shrinkage and / or vibration of the environment. Of course, combinations of different damper elements are possible. Likewise, constructions are conceivable which absorb the introduced energy by friction.

If the wall sections in the region of an inlet opening are arranged relative to one another in such a way that a labyrinth-like access results, then it can be advantageously prevented that the radiation leaves the building structure. At the same time an input is proposed in which can be dispensed with a radiation-shielding and therefore expensive construction for closing the input opening. The labyrinthine access is advantageously produced in such a way that the wall sections adjacent to the inlet opening are arranged offset from one another such that there is always a part of at least one wall section in the beam path of the radiation source, so that the leakage radiation can not strike the door leaf directly.

It is furthermore advantageous if the at least one ceiling section is fastened to transverse and / or longitudinal members, in particular detachably, whereby the transverse and / or longitudinal members are at least partially supported on the wall sections. This results in several decisive advantages. On the one hand, the mentioned carriers offer a simple possibility of supporting the at least one ceiling section, which can have a high weight by means of corresponding radiation protection material, without supporting the use of supporting pillars. In addition, by the integration of transverse and / or longitudinal beams in the ceiling area of the building stable attachment points available. These can serve, for example, to receive a cargo crane or to attach other equipment necessary for the operation of the radiation source and / or the structure. The carriers can each lie alone on the corresponding wall sections. It is also conceivable, of course, that only the longitudinal or only the cross member are supported on the wall sections and serve in addition to the attachment of the formwork elements of the ceiling sections and the support of the other carrier. In addition, the transverse and / or longitudinal beams can also contribute to radiation protection. In fact, if the ceiling section has a plurality of formwork elements which are combined with one another, there is in each case a joint at the corresponding connection points, the width of which may well be 2 to 3 mm. These shocks are therefore advantageously arranged directly below or above the said carrier, so that a reliable radiation protection over the entire ceiling section can be ensured.

A building according to the invention with at least one floor slab delimiting a floor and / or ceiling slab is characterized in that it has a building structure with the features described above.

In order to keep the cost of construction of the building as low as possible and to integrate the building according to the invention even in limited space in the building, it is advantageous if the building is integrated into the base plate and / or the ceiling plate of the structure such that the surface the base plate with the surface of the bottom plate and / or the surface of the ceiling portion with the surface of the ceiling plate form a substantially flat surface. As a result, the base plate and / or the ceiling portion of the building not only take over the function of the radiation shield, but also serve as an integral part of a floor limiting floor and / or ceiling plate of the building. If two or more structures are to be accommodated in superimposed floors of the building, it is thereby also possible to use the ceiling portion of the lower structure as the base plate of the upper structure.

If the building is to be equipped with one or more structures according to the invention only at a later date, it offers Advantageously, that the base plate has interfaces for later attachment of the formwork elements. These recordings can be screwed, for example, in the form of angles with the base plate, which serve the subsequent attachment of the formwork elements. Of course, any other interfaces, such as recordings for connectors or metal plates are conceivable, can be welded to the later formwork elements of the building or mounted in a comparable manner. It is advantageous if the base plate is recessed in the bottom plate. In this way, the base plate, including the interfaces already at completion of the building in this be integrated without this unnecessarily footprint of the building is occupied. If the integration of a building according to the invention within the building at a later date desired, it can be built in a simple manner on the sunk in the bottom of the building base plate.

In this context, it brings further advantages when the interfaces and / or the base plate is covered by at least one cover layer, so that the surface of the cover layer forms a substantially flat surface with the surface of the bottom plate of the building. This gives a flat surface of the corresponding areas within the building, since the existing for the construction of a later structure interfaces or the corresponding associated base plate of the building are completely covered. The cover layer can be made of a variety of materials, such as screed, wood or a similar easily removable material. It may be advantageous if a separating layer is integrated between the cover layer and the base plate, which simplifies the release of the cover layer.

Figuren 1 und 2

Schnittdarstellungen erfindungsgemäßer Baukörper,

Figur 3

eine Schnittdarstellungen eines erfindungsgemäßen Baukörpers mit einer elastisch gelagerten Grundplatte,

Figuren 4 bis 6

Schnittdarstellungen erfindungsgemäßer Baukörper, integriert in ein Bauwerk,

Figuren 7 bis 13

Draufsichten erfindungsgemäßer Baukörper,

Figur 14

eine schematische Draufsicht eines Wandabschnittes,

Figur 15

Verbindungsarten benachbarter Schalungselemente,

Figur 16

eine perspektivische Ansicht von mittels Streben verbundenen Schalungselementen, und

Figur 17

eine weitere Schnittdarstellungen eines erfindungsgemäßen Baukörpers.

In the following the invention will be explained with reference to figures. Show it:

Figures 1 and 2

Sectional views of inventive structure,

FIG. 3

a sectional view of a building according to the invention with an elastically mounted base plate,

FIGS. 4 to 6

Sectional views of building according to the invention, integrated in a building,

FIGS. 7 to 13

Plan views of inventive structure,

FIG. 14

a schematic plan view of a wall section,

FIG. 15

Types of connection of adjacent formwork elements,

FIG. 16

a perspective view of connected by struts formwork elements, and

FIG. 17

a further sectional views of a building according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a building according to the invention 1 with a base plate 2 and inner shuttering elements 3a and outer shuttering elements 3b made of metal, especially steel. The formwork elements 3a, 3b on the left side of the building 1 are connected via angle elements 16 by means of screws, not shown, with the base plate 2. Such angle elements 16 can of course also be located at the contact points between wall section 8 and ceiling section 9 or in the corner regions of two adjacent wall sections 8. Between the inner and outer formwork elements 3a, 3b is a radiation protection material 5. The consisting of shuttering elements 3a, 3b and intervening radiation protection material 5 components are used to shield radiation 15 inside the building 1 by a radiation source, for example a linear accelerator 6, generated becomes. In order to increase the stability of the component, the shuttering elements 3a, 3b are connected to each other by means of transverse to their longitudinal extension of the tie rods 7. These can be screwed or welded to the formwork elements 3a, 3b. Also not shown receptacles in the formwork elements 3a, 3b are conceivable, in which the tie rods 7 are merely hung. Furthermore, as many different connectors can be used. In the same way, the shuttering elements 3a, 3b are also connected to the base plate 2, which may also have special recordings for this purpose.

While the radiation protection material 5 between the shuttering elements 3a, 3b in FIG. 1 is homogeneously distributed, shows FIG. 2 a comparable building 1, but with two different radiation protection materials 5a, 5b are used. In this way, the individual radiation distribution within the building 1 can be taken into account. If the radiation 15 emitted by the radiation source, for example, primarily horizontal, it is expedient to fill the wall sections 8 with a radiation protection material 5a, which ensures a high radiation shield, while within the ceiling section 9, a radiation protection material 5b can be used, the only minor requirements the radiation shield must meet. By this adjustment, the cost of the building 1 can be further reduced. Of course, the radiation protection materials 5a used individual wall sections 8 may have different properties, wherein the radiation protection material used 5a, 5b may also alternatively or additionally within a wall section 8 and / or ceiling section 9 vary according to the present conditions. A subsequent replacement of the radiation protection material 5 a, 5 b is of course conceivable and possible in a simple manner by the inventive structure of the building 1. While the inner formwork element 3 a of the ceiling section 9, the wall sections 8 in FIG. 1 concludes towards the top, the show FIGS. 2 to 6 each ceiling sections 9, the inner formwork element 3a is substantially flush with the inner formwork elements 3a of the wall sections 8. Of course, both variants can be realized as needed.

FIG. 3 also shows a building according to the invention 1. In order to prevent vibrations and / or vibrations registered in the building 1 and thus transmitted to the radiation source or other components arranged therein, the base plate 2 is elastically mounted. In order to ensure a correspondingly reliable decoupling of the structure 1 from the environment, located between the base plate 2 and subfloor 10, which is formed for example by a building ceiling or a building foundation, a layer of elastic material 11, which in turn is surrounded by a skirt 4, the However, only the lateral boundary or storage of the elastic material 11 is used. The elastic material 11 itself can be selected according to the expected vibrations or vibrations from a variety of materials. Conceivable, for example, a wide variety of plastics (elastomers), rubbers or other known in the art damping materials. Alternatively or additionally, not shown damping elements such as springs, shock absorbers or elements that absorb vibrations due to friction, find use.

In the FIGS. 4 to 6 are presented various ways to integrate the building 1 of the invention in a building, such as a radiation protection structure. During the building 1 according to FIG. 4 is arranged directly between the bottom plate 12 and the ceiling plate 13 of a floor, the building 1 in FIG. 5 arranged sunk in the bottom plate 12 of the floor that the surface of the base plate 2 of the building 1 with the surface of the bottom plate 12 of the building forms a flat surface. The ceiling portion 9 of the building 1 also penetrates the ceiling plate 13 of this floor and also forms a flat surface with this ceiling plate 13. Depending on the height of the building 1, it is of course also possible, the building 1 according to FIG. 6 to integrate only in the bottom plate 12 of the building.

The FIGS. 7 to 13 Each structural body 1 has at least two formwork elements 3, a linear accelerator 6 and an input area, which is equipped with a movably mounted door unit 14.

The radiation 15 emitted by the linear accelerator 6 only has a defined scattering range in the exemplary embodiments shown, which is characterized by a wave-shaped shading. Between the shuttering elements 3, a radiation protection material 5 is located in each case in the region in which the radiation 15 strikes the wall sections 8 of the structure 1. The corresponding areas can pass from the remaining areas of the wall sections 8 in which no radiation protection material 5 is located be partitioned off a partition, so that the radiation protection material 5 is assigned a physical boundary on all sides. It is also possible to fill up the areas in which no radiation protection material 5 with a particularly high radiation shielding effect is required with another material, for example concrete.

The formwork elements 3 also have in the area of the door units 14 an L-shaped configuration, so that the emitted radiation 15 is effectively prevented from leaving the building 1, if the door units 14 during operation of the linear accelerator 6 should not be closed. If necessary, the formwork elements 3 associated with the entrance area can also be arranged offset from one another in such a way that a labyrinth-like access results.

As the FIGS. 7 to 13 can further be produced by the construction of the invention structure 1 different geometries. Thus, the formwork elements 3 in the example of FIG. 9 for example flattened corner areas. By the use of metal, plastic and / or wood as formwork element 3, of course, any other geometry with, for example, curved surfaces is conceivable. This results in design options that were not possible in the conventional construction of the building 1 made of concrete or reinforced concrete.

FIG. 14 shows a schematic plan view of a wall portion 8, the shuttering elements 3 have a substantially wave-shaped profile. As a result, the stability of the formwork elements 3 is considerably increased. In addition, 3 can be used as formwork elements conventional sheet piling, which can be reused even after a dismantling of the building 1. To equip the shuttering elements 3 on their side facing away from the radiation protection material 5 with a flat, visually appealing, surface, these areas can be provided as needed with appropriate, not shown panels. For this example, offer wood paneling or plasterboard, which also act as radiation protection material 5. These are finally connected to the corresponding formwork elements 3 in a conventional manner. Furthermore, external deep beads can be closed by welded or bolted metal sheets and also filled with radiation protection material 5. The deep corrugations can alternatively be provided with non-positively attached normal or heavy concrete in order to achieve a static reinforcement and additional radiation protection.

In FIG. 15 two possible types of connection of adjacent formwork elements 3 are shown, in which additional means, such as screws or rivets, can be dispensed with. In each case, the edges of one side of the formwork elements 3 have a fold 17. If the opposite side edge of the corresponding adjacent formwork element 3 has a corresponding hook shape 18, then both formwork elements 3 can simply be hooked together, resulting in a secure hook shape and yet easy to solve connection results. On the right side, another possibility of such a connection between two adjacent formwork elements 3 is shown. Here, the corresponding edges of both formwork elements 3 have a hook shape 18, over which a plurality of so-called omega profiles 19 are pushed from above or as required. By assembling the individual shuttering elements 3, these can have a defined width which, for example, corresponds to the permissible width of a truck. The costs and time for their transport can thereby be significantly reduced. In this case, several formwork elements 3 can already be connected at the production site to a transport unit, which are then assembled on site.

FIG. 16 shows two rear and for clarity only a front formwork element 3. These are plate-shaped, of course, the following also applies to profiled formwork elements 3. The formwork elements 3 themselves are connected via indicated screw 20 with Z-shaped longitudinal struts 21 with each other. It goes without saying that the screw 20 can also be replaced by welded or riveted joints. The longitudinal struts 21 are in turn connected in the same way with likewise Z-shaped transverse struts 22, which act as tie rods 7 and whose length corresponds to the distance of the opposite formwork elements 3. This results in a particularly torsionally rigid and thus pressure and tensile strength connection of corresponding formwork elements 3. The profile of the individual struts may differ from the shape shown. For example, T- or U-shaped struts are by no means excluded as long as they have the required stability. The length of the longitudinal struts 21 can also be chosen arbitrarily. Thus, as in the example shown, in each case two, but also several adjacent formwork elements 3 are interconnected. Also, the arrangement of several parallel offset longitudinal struts 21 is conceivable to further increase the stability of the building 1. At the Filling of radiation protection material 5 to avoid that form cavities between the formwork elements 3, which would adversely affect the radiation protection effect of the building 1, the longitudinal struts 21 are accordingly FIG. 16 to arrange. As can be clearly seen, the downwardly pointing legs of the Z-profile are always on the side of the adjacent formwork element 3. If radiation protection material 5 is filled from above between the formwork elements 3, this can reliably distribute itself below the entire longitudinal strut 21.

Last is in FIG. 17 a cross section of a building 1 according to the invention shown. This has two lateral, one not shown front and one rear wall portion 8, each consisting of inner formwork elements 3a, outer formwork elements 3b and intervening radiation protection material 5. On the rear and not shown front, each lying in the sheet plane, wall section 8 longitudinal beams 23 are supported. The longitudinal members 23 are in turn connected to the load transverse distribution cross member 24, which, however, do not have to protrude above the lateral wall portions 8 as in the example shown. The inner formwork elements 3a of the ceiling section 9 rest, on the one hand, on the formwork elements 3a, 3b of the lateral wall sections 8. In addition, they are connected to the longitudinal members 23, for example by means of screw 20. If, as in the example shown, several inner shuttering elements 3 a are used in the area of the ceiling section 9, it is expedient and also advantageous for radiation protection reasons if the joints 25 of the inner shuttering elements 3 a are in the area of the longitudinal beams 23. While the outer formwork elements 3b of the wall sections 8 in FIG. 17 extends to the outer formwork element 3b of the ceiling portion 9, the ceiling portion 9 may of course also have independent of the wall sections 8 outer formwork elements 3b. Finally, not shown radiation protection material between the formwork elements 3a, 3b in the region of the ceiling section 9 5, whereby the structure 1 ensures a radiation shield on all sides.

The present invention has been explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments. Modifications of the invention are readily possible within the scope of the claims, wherein expressly all features listed in the description and the description of the figures can be realized in any combination with each other, as far as seems appropriate and possible. Thus, for example, it is also possible that the base plate 2 essentially has the floor plan of the building walls and is laid on the floor plate before the construction of the building. In this case, the base plate may be composed of a plurality of individual plates, which are placed on the bottom plate and, for example, under-poured. The formwork elements can then be attached to the base plate laid in this way.

Claims (23)

1. A structural element for radiation shielding structures with at least one base plate (2) and at least one structural portion in the form of a wall section (8) and/or ceiling section (9), wherein the at least one wall section (8) and/or the at least one ceiling section (9) consists of at least two shuttering elements (3; 3a, 3b) of metal, plastic and/or wood and a layer between them of radiation shielding material (5; 5a, 5b), characterised in that the nature of the radiation shielding material (5; 5a, 5b) within the structural element (1) varies, particularly in dependence on the nature of the radiation and/or the radiation intensity and that the structural element (1) is removable and/or reinstallable.
2. A structural element as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the shuttering elements (3; 3a, 3b) are connected to the at least one base plate (2) and/or further shuttering elements (3; 3a, 3b) by means of releasable connections, particularly connected by screws, by hooks and/or plugged together, so that the structural element (1) is removable and/or reinstallable.
3. A structural element as claimed in the preceding claims, characterised in that the connection is constituted by, particularly angular, struts.
4. A structural element as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the connection includes profiles, particularly omega profiles (19).
5. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shuttering elements (3; 3a, 3b) have a substantially corrugated profile, particularly a sheet pile profile.
6. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shuttering elements (3; 3a, 3b) surrounding the radiation shielding material (5; 5a, 5b) are connected together, particularly with the aid of demountable tie bars (7) arranged transversely to their length.
7. A structural element as claimed in the preceding claims, characterised in that the tie bars (7) have a Z, T or U profile.
8. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the wall sections (8) and/or the at least one ceiling section (9) have standardised dimensions, particularly a constant thickness.
9. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the radiation shielding material (5; 5a, 5b) contains mineral materials, which, are suitable as radiation shielding material (5; 5a, 5b) by reason of their petrographic characteristics, particularly their atomic number and/or specific density.
10. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the radiation shielding material (5; 5a, 5b) contains water, particularly bonded water.
11. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the radiation shielding material (5; 5a, 5b) contains calcium carbonate.
12. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the radiation shielding material (5; 5a, 5b) includes natural, unburnt calcium sulphate dihydrate.
13. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the radiation shielding material (5; 5a, 5b) includes a filling of hydrated, granulated gypsum.
14. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the radiation protective material (5; 5a, 5b) is compressed.
15. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that additives of gibbsite, hydrargillite, aluminium hydrate or magnesium sulphate are added to the radiation shielding material (5; 5a, 5b).
16. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one base plate (2) is elastically mounted by means of a support.
17. A structural element as claimed in the preceding claim, characterised in that the support includes elastic material (11), at least one spring element and/or at least one vibration damper.
18. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that wall sections (8) are arranged with respect to one another in the vicinity of an inlet opening so that a labyrinthine access point is produced.
19. A structural element as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one ceiling section (9) is fastened, particularly releasably, to transverse supports (24) and/or longitudinal supports (23), wherein the transverse supports (24) and/or the longitudinal supports (23) are supported at least partially on the wall sections (8).
20. A structure, particularly a radiation shielding structure, with at least one floor plate (12) defining a storey and/or ceiling plate (13), characterised in that the structure includes at least one structural element (1) as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims.
21. A structure as claimed in the preceding claim, characterised in that the structural element (1) is integrated into the floor plate (12) and/or the ceiling plate (13) of the structure such that the surface of the at least one base plate (2) defines a substantially flat surface with the surface of the floor plate (12) and/or the surface of the ceiling section (9) defines a substantially flat surface with the surface of the ceiling plate (13).
22. A structure as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one base plate (2), particularly recessed into the floor plate (12), includes interfaces for the subsequent fastening of the shuttering elements (3; 3a, 3b).
23. A structure as claimed in the preceding claim, characterised in that the interfaces and/or the at least one base plate (2) is covered by at least one cover layer so that the surface of the cover layer defines a substantially flat surface with the surface of the floor plate (12).

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