EP2095507A1 - Procede de detection d'impulsions laser au moyen d'une matrice de photodetecteurs - Google Patents
Procede de detection d'impulsions laser au moyen d'une matrice de photodetecteursInfo
- Publication number
- EP2095507A1 EP2095507A1 EP08708853A EP08708853A EP2095507A1 EP 2095507 A1 EP2095507 A1 EP 2095507A1 EP 08708853 A EP08708853 A EP 08708853A EP 08708853 A EP08708853 A EP 08708853A EP 2095507 A1 EP2095507 A1 EP 2095507A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- integration
- detection
- pulses
- period
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
- H03K5/26—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being duration, interval, position, frequency, or sequence
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
- F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
- F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
- F41G7/226—Semi-active homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and involving auxiliary illuminating means, e.g. using auxiliary guiding missiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G7/00—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
- F41G7/20—Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles based on continuous observation of target position
- F41G7/22—Homing guidance systems
- F41G7/2273—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves
- F41G7/2293—Homing guidance systems characterised by the type of waves using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/783—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived from static detectors or detector systems
- G01S3/784—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived from static detectors or detector systems using a mosaic of detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of the detection of laser pulses by means of a matrix of photodetectors.
- a matrix of photodetectors converts the photons into electrons in proportion to the illumination received by each photodetector in its sensitivity spectral band, then integrating these charges into potential wells and reading these charges.
- An output register generates, after amplification, an output signal containing the luminance information of the matrix for each of its pixels.
- the pulse duration "dl" of the illumination laser is of the order of
- the matrix has an integration time close to one millisecond, which can range, for example, from a value of less than one millisecond to a few milliseconds and a period between two successive integrations typically greater than or equal to 10 ms, this being due to the time required to perform the reading operation; its "form factor" integration is then of the order of 1/10.
- the integration phases must therefore be synchronized with the arrival times of these pulses. It is therefore necessary to add to the detection matrix a synchronization device able to trigger the integration when a pulse arrives on the matrix.
- this synchronization device comprises an auxiliary pulse sensor whose receiver is constantly open and fast enough to detect short pulses and accurately determine their arrival time. Knowing the repetition period of the pulses then makes it possible to trigger the integration of the matrix for the following pulses.
- the matrix is 'slave' of the auxiliary pulse sensor, in that it depends entirely on it for triggering the integration. This process is illustrated by the diagram of FIG. 1 on which are represented as a function of time:
- the laser pulses emitted at a period T1 the pulses detected by the auxiliary sensor at the same period T1 and the integration phases of the matrix triggered by the auxiliary sensor when a pulse is detected so that the integration is effective from the next pulse.
- FIG. 2 An example of a known detection system, able to implement this process, is described with reference to FIG. 2; it comprises a matrix 3 of photodetectors coupled to an auxiliary sensor 6 via a processing unit 5.
- This fast pulse sensor is for example a mono-element analog detector.
- the sensor 6 is generally placed approximately at the focus of an objective included in an optic 4 ', whose axis passes through the center of the sensor, so that the objective forms on the sensor an image of the point illuminated by the pulses. .
- the converter 31 of the matrix 3 also receives the photons focused by another optics 4 and converts the received photons into electrons, in proportion to the illumination received by each photodetector. These charges are then integrated by an integrator 32 and then read and amplified by an amplifier-reader 33 which generates an output signal containing the luminance information of the matrix.
- the sensor 6 is coupled to a processing unit 5 which, among other tasks, controls the detection matrix 3 and in particular the integration phase.
- the senor 6 transmits the arrival times of the detected pulses to the processor 53 of the unit 5.
- the latter calculates the instants for triggering the integration and transmits them to a generator 51 of integration start commands. That sends the trigger commands to the integrator 32 of the matrix 3.
- the detection matrix is more sensitive than the single-element synchronization detector, since this mono-element is very large field, which makes the system inhomogeneous and limited in performance by the auxiliary sensor.
- the invention makes it possible to eliminate these two disadvantages.
- the subject of the invention is a method for detecting laser pulses with a predetermined repetition period T1 and of duration d1, having an amplitude jitter tj, the pulses being emitted by a transmitter and detected by means of a matrix photodetectors, the method comprising a step of integrating charges over a predetermined time ti and a period Tm greater than a minimum period Tmin, with ti / Tmin ⁇ 1 and dl ⁇ ti.
- Tm time-based detection of a signal having the temporal characteristics of the expected laser code, using the matrix associated with the processing unit, without resorting to an auxiliary sensor; during this phase, a specific integration period Tm is used.
- This method makes it possible to detect the laser pulses without resorting to an auxiliary sensor.
- the matrix becomes an autonomous pulse detector.
- the subject of the invention is also a method for locating a target illuminated by laser pulses with a predetermined repetition period T1 and with duration d1, the pulses reflected back by the target being detected by means of a matrix of photodetectors.
- tj and / or VRc / c and / or ⁇ t are negligible.
- it furthermore comprises additional integrations inserted between said integrations, the time interval between two integrations being greater than or equal to Tmin. This allows in particular to detect false alarms due for example to a solar reflection.
- the detection of a pulse comprises a step of comparing said output signal with a predetermined threshold.
- the invention also relates to a method for designating a target illuminated by laser pulses of period T1, which comprises a step of locating the retro-reflected pulses by the target by means of a matrix of photodetectors, according to the preceding location method. and a step of tracking the target from a non-pulse radiation of said target.
- the subject of the invention is also a laser pulse detection system which comprises a matrix of photodetectors comprising a charge integration device and a processing unit coupled to the matrix, characterized in that the processing unit comprises means for implementing the detection method described.
- the invention finally relates to a target location system which comprises a photodetector array comprising a charge integration device and a processing unit coupled to the matrix, characterized in that the processing unit comprises means for implementing the localization method.
- FIG. 1 already described schematically represents the detection steps of FIG. According to the state of the art
- FIG. 2 already described, schematically illustrates the main elements of an exemplary laser pulse detection device according to the state of the art
- FIGS. 3 schematically represent the detection steps.
- FIG. 6 schematically represents an exemplary device for locating laser pulses retroreflected by a target.
- the invention relates to the temporal detection of a signal exhibiting the temporal characteristics of the expected laser, by using a photodetector matrix coupled to a processing unit, but without resorting to an auxiliary sensor.
- the spatial aspect is managed according to the state of the art.
- the laser pulse detection operates in the following sequential manner: 1: time-based detection of a signal having the expected time characteristics of the expected laser, using only the matrix associated with the processing unit,
- the problem for the detection of the first pulse comes from the fact that the matrix can only integrate during a fraction of the time equal to its form factor and that the arrival times of the laser pulses are not known.
- the period of the laser pulses is known to the detection system which comprises the matrix and the associated processing unit, and is for example between 50 ms (20 Hz) and 100 ms (10 Hz).
- VR is known by the system, with some error.
- VR VRc + ⁇ v R , where VRc is the known (or measured) part of VR and EVR is the error committed on VR.
- Tl 100 ms
- VR 300 m / s, measured with an error ⁇ v R of 75 m / s
- ie VRc 225 m / s.
- TIr 100 ms - 100 ns
- the matrix typically has an integration time ti of 1 ms and a period greater than 10 ms (frequency less than 100 Hz).
- the "form factor" is therefore typically less than 1/10. It is possible to control the start times of each integration phase.
- the pulses have a jitter of ⁇ 20 ⁇ s for example around the nominal positions that is to say periodic positions. The jitter is independent from one pulse to the next and assumed uniformly distributed between -20 and +20 ⁇ s.
- step 1 of detecting the first pulse is carried out in two sub-steps: 1 a) Knowing the period of the laser T1, one chooses for the period of integration of the matrix Tm the smallest submultiple of Tl + ti - tj greater than Tmin, that is:
- Tm (Tl + ti - tj) / E ((TI + ti - tj) / Tmin)
- Tmin minimum integration period of the matrix
- Tl 75 ms
- ti 1 ms
- tj 40 ⁇ s
- Tmin 10 ms.
- this choice ensures that Tm is not a submultiple of Tl, otherwise there would be a significant risk that there would never be detection: this risk would be of the order of 90% for an integration form factor of 10%.
- FIG. 4a represents the probability of detection of a first pulse as a function of time. In our example, this time is substantially between 0 and 814 ms, with an average of 407 ms. In practice, a substantially uniform distribution is obtained with a maximum value of 890 ms and an average value of 420 ms.
- phase of the first laser pulse that is to say its instant of arrival with respect to any instant taken as the origin of the times and as the beginning of the first integration by the matrix.
- jitter The jitter whose characteristics have been described above.
- the transition to the detection of the following pulses of step 2, also referred to as the tracking phase, is based on the fact that the period of the laser pulses T1 is known. However, it is necessary to take into account the jitter phenomenon, the variation of Tl due to the approximation between the transmitter of the pulses and the matrix and the possible error on the knowledge of this variation, as well as the fact that the first pulse detected can be find at one end of the integration time.
- I0 be the integration start time of the first detected pulse and tiO the duration of this integration, referred to as ti so far.
- Tl ' Tl (1 - VRc / c)
- the integration duration then being equal to tiO + 2 ⁇ t
- the other start times integration (12, ... In) are deduced from 11 by an offset of Tl ', 2Tl', ... (n-1) Tl ', the integration times tin being equal to ti ⁇ + 2 ⁇ t.
- pd is not very close to 1, then as indicated above, the probability that two consecutive pulses in position to be detected are not detected, which is equal to ⁇ pd 2 , is no longer negligible and the maximum acquisition time is equal to px tmax, where p is the number of successive detection attempts necessary to obtain a positive result, for pulses which are in position to be detected.
- a particular case of false alarm may be due to the presence of a persistent and very luminous phenomenon, such as for example a solar reflection, that the matrix can not distinguish from a short pulse . It is then possible to insert between the previous integrations other integration phases which, if they lead to detecting a strong signal, indicate the presence of a persistent signal, therefore a false alarm.
- the converter 31 of the matrix 3 receives the photons focused by the optics 4 and converts the received photons into electrons, in proportion to the illumination received by each photodetector. These charges are then integrated by an integrator 32 then read and amplified by an amplifier reader 33 which generates an output signal containing the luminance information of the matrix.
- This signal is also transmitted to the processing unit 5 to which the matrix 3 is coupled: it is transmitted to a comparator 52 which transmits a signal to the processor 53 if this signal is greater than a luminance threshold, which notably makes it possible to confirm a detection.
- the processor calculates the integration period of the integrator 32 (Tm for step 1 and then Tl 'for step 2) and the instants 10, 11, In of beginning of integration as well as the integration times ( ti then ti + 2 ⁇ t) and communicates this information to the generator 51 of the integration commands. This one generates the trigger commands and the end of the integration and sends them to the integrator 32 of the matrix.
- This matrix is for example a silicon or InGaAs matrix, sensitive to radiation at the possible wavelengths of the laser pulses.
- This detection method is applied to the location of an illuminated target by laser pulses of known period and short duration.
- a target location system described in connection with FIG. 6 is typically equipped with a location device responsive to laser pulses retroreflected by the target.
- the location conventionally uses a deviation calculation that determines the angular difference between the line of sight and the direction of the target illuminated by the laser of an associated transmitter.
- the direction of this target is marked from its position in the image plane of a detector 3.
- the deviation measurement is obtained by a processing unit 5, whose processor 53 calculates the angular deflection from the line of sight and coordinates provided by the detector 3. This is called spatial location.
- the detector 3 typically comprises a matrix of photodetectors (or pixels) placed in the focal plane of a focusing objective included in the optic 4, so that the objective forms on the detector an image T of the illuminated spot. target.
- the photodetectors of the detection matrix are sensitive in the wavelength band of the transmitted laser pulses, for example 1, 06 ⁇ m; the material commonly used for this wavelength is silicon.
- the angular deviation is calculated from the coordinates of the center of the image T of the spot whose pixels are marked in vertical position and in horizontal position respectively on axes of symmetry of the matrix.
- the locating device usually comprises a synchronization device provided with a sensor such as a monoelement detector described in relation with FIG. 2, able to synchronize the initiation of the integration phases of the location matrix with the arrival times. pulses on the matrix.
- a synchronization device provided with a sensor such as a monoelement detector described in relation with FIG. 2, able to synchronize the initiation of the integration phases of the location matrix with the arrival times. pulses on the matrix.
- this synchronization is provided by the matrix itself associated with the processing unit, according to a localization method according to the previously described method, which makes the sensor superfluous.
- This sensor is replaced by this process implemented by the processing unit.
- This locating method is applied to a target illuminated by laser pulses of predetermined repetition period T1 and of duration d1, the pulses reflected back by the target being detected by means of a matrix of photodetectors; it comprises a charge integration step according to an integration period Tm greater than a minimum period Tmin and on a predetermined integration time ti with ti / Tmin ⁇ 1 and dl ⁇ ti.
- This locating method can be used in a method for designating a target illuminated by laser pulses with a repetition period T1.
- This method also comprises, in addition to this locating step, a step of tracking the target from a non-irradiated radiation. pulse of said target.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0701027A FR2912573B1 (fr) | 2007-02-13 | 2007-02-13 | Procede de detection d'impulsions laser au moyen d'une matrice de photodetecteurs |
PCT/EP2008/051593 WO2008101826A1 (fr) | 2007-02-13 | 2008-02-11 | Procede de detection d'impulsions laser au moyen d'une matrice de photodetecteurs |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2095507A1 true EP2095507A1 (fr) | 2009-09-02 |
EP2095507B1 EP2095507B1 (fr) | 2011-12-21 |
Family
ID=38535514
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08708853A Active EP2095507B1 (fr) | 2007-02-13 | 2008-02-11 | Procede de detection d'impulsions laser au moyen d'une matrice de photodetecteurs |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2095507B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE538534T1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2377585T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2912573B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008101826A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2457504C1 (ru) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-07-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт оптико-электронного приборостроения" (ОАО "НИИ ОЭП") | Способ обзора пространства оптико-электронной системой |
US9207053B2 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2015-12-08 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Harmonic shuttered seeker |
US9857145B1 (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-01-02 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Target-designation detection used to shutter camera images for locating target |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2122833B (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1985-06-26 | Ferranti Plc | Radiation detecting apparatus |
US5340975A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-08-23 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method and apparatus for reducing the effects of laser noise and for improving modulation transfer function in scanning a photoconductive surface |
FR2762082B1 (fr) * | 1997-04-11 | 1999-07-09 | Thomson Csf | Systeme de detection d'impulsion laser |
-
2007
- 2007-02-13 FR FR0701027A patent/FR2912573B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-02-11 EP EP08708853A patent/EP2095507B1/fr active Active
- 2008-02-11 AT AT08708853T patent/ATE538534T1/de active
- 2008-02-11 ES ES08708853T patent/ES2377585T3/es active Active
- 2008-02-11 WO PCT/EP2008/051593 patent/WO2008101826A1/fr active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2008101826A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE538534T1 (de) | 2012-01-15 |
ES2377585T3 (es) | 2012-03-29 |
WO2008101826A1 (fr) | 2008-08-28 |
FR2912573B1 (fr) | 2009-03-27 |
EP2095507B1 (fr) | 2011-12-21 |
FR2912573A1 (fr) | 2008-08-15 |
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