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EP1957232A1 - Laser machining nozzle - Google Patents

Laser machining nozzle

Info

Publication number
EP1957232A1
EP1957232A1 EP05825522A EP05825522A EP1957232A1 EP 1957232 A1 EP1957232 A1 EP 1957232A1 EP 05825522 A EP05825522 A EP 05825522A EP 05825522 A EP05825522 A EP 05825522A EP 1957232 A1 EP1957232 A1 EP 1957232A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser processing
cavity
processing nozzle
gas
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05825522A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1957232B1 (en
Inventor
Nicolai Speker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG filed Critical Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
Publication of EP1957232A1 publication Critical patent/EP1957232A1/en
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Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means
    • B23K26/1438—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means for directional control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser processing nozzle with at least one feed space for the laser beam and for a processing gas.
  • Such a laser processing nozzle has become known, for example, from US Pat. No. 6,423,928 B1.
  • the orifice diameter of a laser processing nozzle designed as a hole nozzle is to be increased in fusion cutting (for example, VA) with increasing sheet thickness to be processed.
  • fusion cutting for example, VA
  • gas pressures are needed.
  • Increasing gas pressures mean, however, an ever-increasing gas density in the kerf, which makes plasma formation more and more likely.
  • the plasma wave-length depends on the irradiated power density (high power density or process temperature >> plasma) and the focus position (high focus position >> plasma) and represents a limitation of the better quality fusion cut.
  • a nozzle for laser beam cutting in such a way that higher quality cuts with respect to the cutting edge roughness can be achieved, it being of particular Interest is to increase the cutting efficiency, ie higher feed rates are to be achieved while maintaining the high quality of cut. Especially when cutting thick sheets, plasma formation must be counteracted.
  • a laser processing nozzle of the type mentioned wherein the laser processing nozzle has a arranged in the region of the mouth of the gas supply space cavity which is open only in the direction of the workpiece to be machined, wherein the opening has a wedge-shaped edge.
  • the effect of the laser processing nozzle according to the invention aims to obtain a greater degree of coverage of the cutting front without having to increase the orifice diameter of the laser processing nozzle. This avoids the effect of creating a diffuser, which results in a lower momentum on the melt.
  • a roll flow is formed.
  • the roll flow causes the main gas jet first flows into a volume (storage volume), the pressure of which is increased in relation to the environment.
  • the processing gas thereby achieved in comparison to known laser processing nozzles a higher outflow velocity from the mouth, whereby an improved momentum transfer to the plate or on the cutting front is possible.
  • the roll flow also has a supporting effect for the main gas jet in the area above the workpiece. Another support effect is created inside the kerf.
  • the main gas jet dissolves in comparison to known laser processing nozzles only further down from the cutting front. This leads to an improved cutting edge.
  • the cavity is arranged rotationally symmetrical to the mouth of the gas supply space.
  • the processing gas can be very well stowed and flow into the cavity.
  • the formation of the roll flow is further supported by the fact that the cavity in the region of the cavity floor has a round inner contour.
  • the cavity has an angularly formed inner contour in the region of the cavity floor.
  • machining gas may flow into the cavity almost radially.
  • the extension of the cavity behind the mouth of the gas supply space optimizes the flow conditions.
  • the backflow gas can flow coaxially to the main gas jet. This additionally improves the cutting results.
  • Fig. 1 shows the structure of a laser cutting machine
  • FIG. 2 shows a first laser processing nozzle according to the invention in FIG.
  • 3a, 3b further laser processing nozzles according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows the construction of a laser processing system 1 for laser cutting with a CO 2 laser 2, a laser processing head 4 (laser processing nozzle 4 a) and a workpiece support 5.
  • a generated laser beam 6 is guided by means of deflection mirrors to the laser processing head 4 and directed by means of mirrors on a workpiece 8.
  • the laser beam 6 Before a continuous kerf is formed, the laser beam 6 must penetrate the workpiece 8.
  • the sheet 8 must be spot-molten or oxidized at one point, and the melt must be blown out. Both piercing and laser cutting are assisted by the addition of a gas.
  • cutting gases 9 oxygen, nitrogen, compressed air and / or application-specific gases can be used. Which gas is ultimately used depends on which materials are cut and what quality requirements are placed on the workpiece.
  • Resulting particles and gases can be sucked out of a suction chamber 11 by means of a suction device IO.
  • the laser processing nozzle 4a is constructed from two components 12 and 13 which are connected to one another.
  • the laser processing nozzle 4a designed as a hole nozzle has a central feed space 14 for the cutting gas and the laser beam.
  • a cylindrical mouth 15 of the hole nozzle 4 a is withdrawn behind a nozzle tip 16 as seen in the flow direction.
  • an annular cavity 17 is provided for receiving cutting gas.
  • the cavity 17 is only to the bottom of the laser processing nozzle 4a, i. towards the workpiece and the mouth 15 out, open and has a circular bottom 18.
  • the storage volume available for the cutting gas thus spreads radially and also beyond the nozzle orifice 15.
  • Arrows (main gas jet 19 and jammed gas jet 19 ') indicate in FIG. 2 the flow of the cutting gas.
  • the laser processing nozzle 4a has a diameter much larger than the mouth 15 itself.
  • the additional storage space provided by means of the cavity 17 is therefore mounted and shaped so that parts of the radially outflowing Gas are recycled via a "roll flow” and encase the cutting gas jet.
  • For the formation of the roll flow is primarily the wedge-shaped tapered edge 18 'at the bottom of the laser processing nozzle 4a responsible. Radial outflowing processing gas is partially deflected from here into the cavity 17 and flows along the inner surfaces 17 'and 17 "of the cavity 17 via the outlet edge 18" back to the main gas jet 19.
  • the wedge-shaped geometry causes the flow separation of the radially outflowing processing gas and, on the other hand, acts as a flow-guiding geometry for the formation of the roll flow.
  • the shape of the cavity 17 and the extent of the cavity 17 to behind the nozzle orifice 15 for the formation of the roll flow are relevant.
  • the cutting distance that is the distance between the nozzle lower edge of the nozzle tip 16 and the sheet surface, must be relatively small ( ⁇ 0.7 mm, the best cutting distance being 0.3 to 0.5 mm) become. If the cutting distance is greater, creates a pressure pad on the surface of the sheet, which prevents effective momentum transfer of the processing gas. In addition, it no longer comes to the formation of the roll flow.
  • the inside of the cavity 17, which adjoins the nozzle opening may be inclined outwardly.
  • the angle of inclination i. the angle between the inner side 17 'and the workpiece, the deflection of the radially outflowing gas is less loss, the greater the inclination, i. the sharper the angle of inclination, is.
  • the geometry in the region of the bottom 18 and the subsequent flanks 18 ' can be circular or elliptical.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b show alternatives to the hole nozzle 4a according to FIG. 1.
  • a laser machining nozzle 20 has a conical mouth 21 (Laval nozzle).
  • a laser processing nozzle 22 has an annular gap 23.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b show alternatives to the storage volume of the laser processing nozzle 4a according to FIG. 1. As shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, angular shapes of the cavity in the laser processing nozzles 24 (cavity 25) and 26 (cavity 27) are conceivable in addition to round geometries.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

A laser machining nozzle having at least one supply chamber for the laser beam and for a processing gas has a cavity arranged in the region of the orifice of the gas supply chamber, which cavity is open in the direction towards the workpiece to be machined, this opening having a wedge-shaped edge.

Description

B E SC H RE I B U N G DESCRIPTION
Laserbearbeitungsdüselaser machining
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Laserbearbeitungsdüse mit mindestens einem Zuführungsraum für den Laserstrahl und für ein Bearbeitungsgas.The invention relates to a laser processing nozzle with at least one feed space for the laser beam and for a processing gas.
Eine derartige Laserbearbeitungsdüse ist beispielsweise durch die US 6,423,928 Bl bekannt geworden.Such a laser processing nozzle has become known, for example, from US Pat. No. 6,423,928 B1.
Gemäß dem Stand der Technik ist der Mündungsdurchmesser einer als Lochdüse ausgebildeten Laserbearbeitungsdüse beim Schmelzschneiden (z.B. VA) mit zunehmender zu bearbeitender Blechdicke zu vergrößern. Aus diesem Grund werden immer höhere Gasdrücke benötigt. Steigende Gasdrücke bedeuten aber eine immer höhere Gasdichte im Schnittspalt, wodurch die Plasmabildung immer wahrscheinlicher wird. Die Plasmaschwelle ist unter anderem auch von der eingestrahlten Leistungsdichte (hohe Leistungsdichte bzw. Prozesstemperatur >> Plasma) und der Fokuslage (hohe Fokuslage >> Plasma) abhängig und stellt eine Beschränkung des qualitativ besseren Schmelzschnitts dar.According to the prior art, the orifice diameter of a laser processing nozzle designed as a hole nozzle is to be increased in fusion cutting (for example, VA) with increasing sheet thickness to be processed. For this reason, ever higher gas pressures are needed. Increasing gas pressures mean, however, an ever-increasing gas density in the kerf, which makes plasma formation more and more likely. Among other things, the plasma wave-length depends on the irradiated power density (high power density or process temperature >> plasma) and the focus position (high focus position >> plasma) and represents a limitation of the better quality fusion cut.
Beim Schneiden dicker Bleche lassen sich bessere Schnittflankenqualitäten erreichen, wenn der Schneidgasdruck verringert wird. Damit ist aber immer die Bildung eines starken Grat verbunden.When cutting thick sheets, better cut edge qualities can be achieved by reducing the cutting gas pressure. But this always involves the formation of a strong edge.
Es soll die Aufgabe gelöst werden, eine Düse zum Laserstrahlschneiden derart weiterzubilden, dass qualitativ höherwertige Schnitte bezüglich der Schneidflankenrauigkeit erreicht werden können, wobei es von besonderem Interesse ist, die Schneideffizienz zu erhöhen, d.h. es sollen höhere Vorschübe unter Beibehaltung der hochwertigen Schnittqualität erreicht werden. Speziell beim Schneiden dicker Bleche muss der Plasmabildung entgegen gewirkt werden.It is the task to be solved, a nozzle for laser beam cutting in such a way that higher quality cuts with respect to the cutting edge roughness can be achieved, it being of particular Interest is to increase the cutting efficiency, ie higher feed rates are to be achieved while maintaining the high quality of cut. Especially when cutting thick sheets, plasma formation must be counteracted.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Laserbearbeitungsdüse der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, wobei die Laserbearbeitungsdüse einen im Bereich der Mündung des Gaszuführungsraums angeordneten Hohlraum aufweist, welcher nur in Richtung des zu bearbeitenden Werkstücks offen ist, wobei die Öffnung eine keilförmige Kante aufweist.This object is achieved by a laser processing nozzle of the type mentioned, wherein the laser processing nozzle has a arranged in the region of the mouth of the gas supply space cavity which is open only in the direction of the workpiece to be machined, wherein the opening has a wedge-shaped edge.
Die Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Laserbearbeitungsdüse zielt darauf ab, einen größeren Überdeckungsgrad der Schneidfront zu erhalten, ohne dass der Mündungsdurchmesser der Laserbearbeitungsdüse vergrößert werden muss. Dabei wird vermieden, dass in der Wirkung ein Diffusor entsteht, welcher einen geringeren Impuls auf die Schmelze zur Folge hat.The effect of the laser processing nozzle according to the invention aims to obtain a greater degree of coverage of the cutting front without having to increase the orifice diameter of the laser processing nozzle. This avoids the effect of creating a diffuser, which results in a lower momentum on the melt.
Mithilfe der erfindungsgemäßen keilförmigen Kante kommt es zur Ausbildung einer Walzenströmung. Die Walzenströmung führt dazu, dass der Hauptgasstrahl zunächst in ein Volumen (Stauvolumen) einströmt, dessen Druck gegenüber der Umgebung erhöht ist. Das Bearbeitungsgas erreicht dadurch im Vergleich zu bekannten Laserbearbeitungsdüsen eine höhere Ausströmgeschwindigkeit aus der Mündung, wodurch ein verbesserter Impulsübertrag auf das Blech bzw. auf die Schneidfront möglich wird. Durch die gleichgerichteten Geschwindigkeiten im Übergangsbereich zwischen der Walzenströmung und dem Hauptgasstrahl werden die Reibungsverluste zwischen dem Hauptgasstrahl und der Umgebung im Vergleich zu bekannten Laserbearbeitungsdüsen vermindert. Die Walzenströmung hat zudem eine Stützwirkung für den Hauptgasstrahl im Bereich über dem Werkstück. Ein weiterer Stützeffekt entsteht im Inneren des Schnittspalts. Der Hauptgasstrahl löst sich im Vergleich zu bekannten Laserbearbeitungsdüsen erst weiter unten von der Schneidfront. Dies führt zu einer verbesserten Schneidkante.By means of the wedge-shaped edge according to the invention, a roll flow is formed. The roll flow causes the main gas jet first flows into a volume (storage volume), the pressure of which is increased in relation to the environment. The processing gas thereby achieved in comparison to known laser processing nozzles a higher outflow velocity from the mouth, whereby an improved momentum transfer to the plate or on the cutting front is possible. By the rectified velocities in the transition area between the roll flow and the main gas jet, the friction losses between the main gas jet and the environment are reduced in comparison to known laser processing nozzles. The roll flow also has a supporting effect for the main gas jet in the area above the workpiece. Another support effect is created inside the kerf. The main gas jet dissolves in comparison to known laser processing nozzles only further down from the cutting front. This leads to an improved cutting edge.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Hohlraum rotationssymmetrisch zur Mündung des Gaszuführungsraums angeordnet. Durch diese Anordnung ergibt sich eine Ummantelung des Bearbeitungsgasstrahls mit einem Stauvolumen von Bearbeitungsgas. Dies erzeugt eine rotationssymmetrische Überdeckung der Schneidfront.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cavity is arranged rotationally symmetrical to the mouth of the gas supply space. By this arrangement results in a sheath of the processing gas jet with a storage volume of processing gas. This produces a rotationally symmetrical overlap of the cutting front.
Wenn die Mündung des Gaszuführungsraums hinter die Düsenspitze der Laserbearbeitungsdüse zurückgezogen ist, kann das Bearbeitungsgas sehr gut gestaut werden und in den Hohlraum einströmen.When the mouth of the gas supply space is retreated behind the nozzle tip of the laser processing nozzle, the processing gas can be very well stowed and flow into the cavity.
Die Ausbildung der Walzenströmung wird weiter dadurch unterstützt, dass der Hohlraum im Bereich des Hohlraumbodens eine rund ausgebildete Innenkontur aufweist.The formation of the roll flow is further supported by the fact that the cavity in the region of the cavity floor has a round inner contour.
Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass der Hohlraum im Bereich des Hohlraumbodens eine eckig ausgebildete Innenkontur aufweist.But it is also conceivable that the cavity has an angularly formed inner contour in the region of the cavity floor.
Wenn die Innenseiten des Hohlraums bezüglich der Richtung des Gaszuführungsraums quer angeordnet sind bzw. geneigt verlaufen, kann Bearbeitungsgas nahezu radial in den Hohlraum einströmen.When the insides of the cavity are transversely oriented with respect to the direction of the gas supply space, machining gas may flow into the cavity almost radially.
Die Erstreckung des Hohlraums hinter die Mündung des Gaszuführungsraums optimiert die Strömungsverhältnisse. Mithilfe der Auslaufkante kann das rückströmende Gas dem Hauptgasstrahl möglich koaxial zu strömen. Dies verbessert die Schneidergebnisse zusätzlich.The extension of the cavity behind the mouth of the gas supply space optimizes the flow conditions. By means of the outlet edge, the backflow gas can flow coaxially to the main gas jet. This additionally improves the cutting results.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt und werden nachfolgend mit Bezug zu den Figuren der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt im Einzelnen:Embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawing and are explained below with reference to the figures of the drawing. It shows in detail:
Fig. 1 den Aufbau einer Laserschneidanlage;Fig. 1 shows the structure of a laser cutting machine;
Fig. 2 eine erste erfindungsgemäße Laserbearbeitungsdüse imFIG. 2 shows a first laser processing nozzle according to the invention in FIG
Längsschnitt;Longitudinal section;
Fig. 3a, 3b weitere erfindungsgemäße Laserbearbeitungsdüsen;3a, 3b further laser processing nozzles according to the invention;
Fig. 4a bis weitere erfindungsgemäße Laserbearbeitungsdüsen.4a to further inventive laser processing nozzles.
Aus der Figur 1 ist der Aufbau einer Laserbearbeitungsanlage 1 zum Laserschneiden mit einem CO2-Laser 2, einem Laserbearbeitungskopf 4 (Laserbearbeitungsdüse 4a) und einer Werkstückauflage 5 ersichtlich. Ein erzeugter Laserstrahl 6 wird mithilfe von Umlenkspiegeln zum Laserbearbeitungskopf 4 geführt und mithilfe von Spiegeln auf ein Werkstück 8 gerichtet.FIG. 1 shows the construction of a laser processing system 1 for laser cutting with a CO 2 laser 2, a laser processing head 4 (laser processing nozzle 4 a) and a workpiece support 5. A generated laser beam 6 is guided by means of deflection mirrors to the laser processing head 4 and directed by means of mirrors on a workpiece 8.
Bevor eine durchgängige Schnittfuge entsteht, muss der Laserstrahl 6 das Werkstück 8 durchdringen. Das Blech 8 muss an einer Stelle punktförmig geschmolzen oder oxidiert werden, und die Schmelze muss ausgeblasen werden. Sowohl das Einstechen als auch das Laserschneiden werden durch Hinzufügen eines Gases unterstützt. Als Schneidgase 9 können Sauerstoff, Stickstoff, Druckluft und/oder anwendungsspezifische Gase eingesetzt werden. Welches Gas letztendlich verwendet wird, ist davon abhängig, welche Materialien geschnitten und welche Qualitätsansprüche an das Werkstück gestellt werden.Before a continuous kerf is formed, the laser beam 6 must penetrate the workpiece 8. The sheet 8 must be spot-molten or oxidized at one point, and the melt must be blown out. Both piercing and laser cutting are assisted by the addition of a gas. As cutting gases 9 oxygen, nitrogen, compressed air and / or application-specific gases can be used. Which gas is ultimately used depends on which materials are cut and what quality requirements are placed on the workpiece.
Entstehende Partikel und Gase können mithilfe einer Absaugeinrichtung IO aus einer Absaugkammer 11 abgesaugt werden.Resulting particles and gases can be sucked out of a suction chamber 11 by means of a suction device IO.
Gemäß Figur 2 ist die erfindungsgemäße Laserbearbeitungsdüse 4a aus zwei miteinander verbundenen Bauteilen 12 und 13 aufgebaut. Die als Lochdüse ausgebildete Laserbearbeitungsdüse 4a weist einen zentralen Zuführungsraum 14 für das Schneidgas und den Laserstrahl auf.According to FIG. 2, the laser processing nozzle 4a according to the invention is constructed from two components 12 and 13 which are connected to one another. The laser processing nozzle 4a designed as a hole nozzle has a central feed space 14 for the cutting gas and the laser beam.
Eine zylindrische Mündung 15 der Lochdüse 4a ist in Strömungsrichtung gesehen hinter eine Düsenspitze 16 zurückgezogen. Rotationssymmetrisch zur Mündung 15 ist ein ringförmig verlaufender Hohlraum 17 zur Aufnahme von Schneidgas vorgesehen. Der Hohlraum 17 ist nur zur Unterseite der Laserbearbeitungsdüse 4a, d.h. zum Werkstück und zur Mündung 15 hin, offen und weist einen rund ausgebildeten Boden 18 auf. Das für das Schneidgas zur Verfügung stehende Stauvolumen breitet sich somit radial und auch hinter die Düsenmündung 15 hin aus. Pfeile (Hauptgasstrahl 19 und gestauter Gasstrahl 19') deuten in der Figur 2 die Strömung des Schneidgases an. An der Düsenspitze 16 hat die Laserbearbeitungsdüse 4a einen vielfach größeren Durchmesser als die Mündung 15 selbst.A cylindrical mouth 15 of the hole nozzle 4 a is withdrawn behind a nozzle tip 16 as seen in the flow direction. Rotationally symmetrical to the mouth 15, an annular cavity 17 is provided for receiving cutting gas. The cavity 17 is only to the bottom of the laser processing nozzle 4a, i. towards the workpiece and the mouth 15 out, open and has a circular bottom 18. The storage volume available for the cutting gas thus spreads radially and also beyond the nozzle orifice 15. Arrows (main gas jet 19 and jammed gas jet 19 ') indicate in FIG. 2 the flow of the cutting gas. At the nozzle tip 16, the laser processing nozzle 4a has a diameter much larger than the mouth 15 itself.
Das zusätzlich mithilfe des Hohlraums 17 angebrachte Stauvolumen ist deshalb so angebracht und ausgeformt, dass Teile des radial abströmenden Gases über eine "Walzenströmung" rückgeführt werden und den Schneidgasstrahl ummanteln. Je näher die Düsenspitze 16 zum zu bearbeitenden Blech angeordnet ist, umso höher wird der Strömungswiderstand und um so wirkungsvoller lässt sich das Staudruckprofil radial ausweiten. Für die Entstehung der Walzenströmung ist in erster Linie die keilförmig zulaufende Kante 18' an der Unterseite der Laserbearbeitungsdüse 4a verantwortlich. Radial abströmendes Bearbeitungsgas wird von hier teilweise in den Hohlraum 17 umgelenkt und strömt entlang der Innenflächen 17' und 17" des Hohlraums 17 über die Auslaufkante 18" zum Hauptgasstrahl 19 zurück. Die keilförmige Geometrie bewirkt einerseits die Strömungsablösung des radial abströmenden Bearbeitungsgases und wirkt andererseits als Strömungsleitgeometrie zur Ausbildung der Walzenströmung. Neben der Kante 18' sind die Form des Hohlraums 17 und die Erstreckung des Hohlraums 17 bis hinter die Düsenmündung 15 für die Ausbildung der Walzenströmung relevant.The additional storage space provided by means of the cavity 17 is therefore mounted and shaped so that parts of the radially outflowing Gas are recycled via a "roll flow" and encase the cutting gas jet. The closer the nozzle tip 16 is arranged to the sheet to be processed, the higher the flow resistance and the more effective the dynamic pressure profile can be radially expanded. For the formation of the roll flow is primarily the wedge-shaped tapered edge 18 'at the bottom of the laser processing nozzle 4a responsible. Radial outflowing processing gas is partially deflected from here into the cavity 17 and flows along the inner surfaces 17 'and 17 "of the cavity 17 via the outlet edge 18" back to the main gas jet 19. On the one hand, the wedge-shaped geometry causes the flow separation of the radially outflowing processing gas and, on the other hand, acts as a flow-guiding geometry for the formation of the roll flow. In addition to the edge 18 ', the shape of the cavity 17 and the extent of the cavity 17 to behind the nozzle orifice 15 for the formation of the roll flow are relevant.
Damit die Walzenströmung entsteht, muss außerdem der Schneidabstand, das heißt der Abstand zwischen der Düsenunterkante der Düsenspitze 16 und der Blechoberfläche, verhältnismäßig klein (< 0,7 mm, wobei sich der beste Schneidabstand für 0,3 bis 0,5 mm ergibt) gewählt werden. Ist der Schneidabstand größer, entsteht auf der Blechoberfläche ein Druckpolster, das einen effektiven Impulsübertrag des Bearbeitungsgases verhindert. Außerdem kommt es nicht mehr zur Ausbildung der Walzenströmung.In order for the roll flow to occur, moreover, the cutting distance, that is the distance between the nozzle lower edge of the nozzle tip 16 and the sheet surface, must be relatively small (<0.7 mm, the best cutting distance being 0.3 to 0.5 mm) become. If the cutting distance is greater, creates a pressure pad on the surface of the sheet, which prevents effective momentum transfer of the processing gas. In addition, it no longer comes to the formation of the roll flow.
Dies ergibt einen höheren Überdeckungsgrad der Schneidfront, der sich positiv auf - Qualität (Schmelzschnitt anstelle Plasmaschnitt im Dickblechbereich, gleichförmige Riefenstruktur);This results in a higher degree of coverage of the cutting front, which is positive - quality (melt cut instead of plasma cut in the thick sheet metal area, uniform groove structure);
- Vorschub (+10 bis +20%, in Einzelfällen +80 bis +100%); - Plasmaschwelle (Schmelzschnitt im Dickblechbereich);- feed (+10 to + 20%, in some cases +80 to + 100%); - plasma wave (melt cut in the thick sheet metal area);
- Gasverbrauch- Gas consumption
auswirkt.effect.
Bei gleichem Mündungsdurchmesser liegt der Schneidgasverbrauch unter den derzeitigen Standardwerten. Erste Untersuchungen lassen erkennen, dass zudem mit kleineren Mündungsdurchmessern geschnitten werden kann, so dass der Schneidgasverbrauch weiter reduziert werden kann.With the same orifice diameter, the cutting gas consumption is below the current standard values. Preliminary studies indicate that it can also be cut with smaller orifice diameters so that cutting gas consumption can be further reduced.
Für eine zufrieden stellende Funktion der Laserbearbeitungsdüse 4a kann die Innenseite des Hohlraums 17, welche an die Düsenöffnung anschließt, nach außen geneigt sein. Abhängig vom Neigungswinkel, d.h. dem Winkel zwischen der Innenseite 17' und dem Werkstück, erfolgt die Umlenkung des radial abströmenden Gases um so verlustfreier, je größer die Neigung, d.h. je spitzer der Neigungswinkel, ist. Zur bestmöglichen Ausformung der Walzenströmung ist es notwendig, das Stauvolumen hinter die Ebene des Mündungsbereichs zurückzuziehen. Die Geometrie im Bereich des Bodens 18 und der anschließenden Flanken 18' kann dabei kreisrund oder elliptisch ausgebildet sein.For a satisfactory function of the laser processing nozzle 4a, the inside of the cavity 17, which adjoins the nozzle opening, may be inclined outwardly. Depending on the angle of inclination, i. the angle between the inner side 17 'and the workpiece, the deflection of the radially outflowing gas is less loss, the greater the inclination, i. the sharper the angle of inclination, is. For the best possible shaping of the roll flow, it is necessary to withdraw the storage volume behind the plane of the mouth region. The geometry in the region of the bottom 18 and the subsequent flanks 18 'can be circular or elliptical.
Die Figuren 3a und 3b zeigen Alternativen zur Lochdüse 4a gemäß Figur 1. Wie in Figur 3a gezeigt, besitzt eine Laserbearbeitungsdüse 20 eine konische Mündung 21 (Lavaldüse). Wie in Figur 3b dargestellt, besitzt eine Laserbearbeitungsdüse 22 einen Ringspalt 23. Diese alternativen Ausführungsformen sind mit einem bezüglich der Laserbearbeitungsdüse 4a gemäß Figur 1 unveränderten Stauvolumen kombiniert. Die erfindungsgemäße Funktionsweise bleibt daher erhalten.FIGS. 3a and 3b show alternatives to the hole nozzle 4a according to FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 3a, a laser machining nozzle 20 has a conical mouth 21 (Laval nozzle). As shown in Figure 3b, a laser processing nozzle 22 has an annular gap 23. These alternative Embodiments are combined with a storage volume that is unchanged with respect to the laser processing nozzle 4a according to FIG. The operation according to the invention therefore remains.
Die Figuren 4a und 4b zeigen Alternativen zu dem Stauvolumen der Laserbearbeitungsdüse 4a gemäß Figur 1. Wie in Figur 4a und 4b gezeigt, sind außer runden Geometrien auch eckige Ausbildungen des Hohlraums bei den Laserbearbeitungsdüsen 24 (Hohlraum 25) und 26 (Hohlraum 27) denkbar. FIGS. 4a and 4b show alternatives to the storage volume of the laser processing nozzle 4a according to FIG. 1. As shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, angular shapes of the cavity in the laser processing nozzles 24 (cavity 25) and 26 (cavity 27) are conceivable in addition to round geometries.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Laserbearbeitungsdüse (4a; 20; 22; 24; 26) mit mindestens einem Zuführungsraum (14) für den Laserstrahl und für ein Bearbeitungsgas, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieA laser processing nozzle (4a; 20; 22; 24; 26) having at least one feed space (14) for the laser beam and for a processing gas, characterized in that the
Laserbearbeitungsdüse (4a; 20; 22; 24; 26) einen im Bereich der Mündung (15) des Gaszuführungsraums (14) angeordneten Hohlraum (17; 25; 27) aufweist, welcher in Richtung des zu bearbeitenden Werkstücks offen ist, wobei diese Öffnung eine keilförmige Kante (18') aufweist.Laser processing nozzle (4a; 20; 22; 24; 26) has a in the region of the mouth (15) of the gas supply space (14) arranged cavity (17; 25; 27) which is open towards the workpiece to be machined, said opening a has wedge-shaped edge (18 ').
2. Laserbearbeitungsdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlraum (17; 25; 27) rotationssymmetrisch zur Mündung (15) des Gaszuführungsraums (14) angeordnet ist.2. Laser processing nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity (17; 25; 27) is arranged rotationally symmetrical to the mouth (15) of the gas supply space (14).
3. Laserbearbeitungsdüse nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mündung (15) des Gaszuführungsraums (14) hinter die Düsenspitze (16) der Laserbearbeitungsdüse (4a; 20; 22; 24; 26) zurückgezogen ist.A laser processing nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mouth (15) of the gas supply space (14) is withdrawn behind the nozzle tip (16) of the laser processing nozzle (4a; 20; 22; 24; 26).
4. Laserbearbeitungsdüse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlraum (17) im Bereich des Hohlraumbodens (18) eine rund ausgebildete Innenkontur aufweist.4. Laser processing nozzle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity (17) in the region of the cavity bottom (18) has a round inner contour.
5. Laserbearbeitungsdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlraum (25; 27) im Bereich des Hohlraumboden eine eckig ausgebildete Innenkontur aufweist.5. Laser processing nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cavity (25; 27) has an angularly formed inner contour in the region of the cavity floor.
6. Laserbearbeitungsdüse nach einem der vorhergehenden6. Laser processing nozzle according to one of the preceding
Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Innenseiten (17', 17") des Hohlraums (17; 25; 27) bezüglich der Richtung des Gaszuführungsraums (14) quer angeordnet sind.Claims, characterized in that the inner sides (17 ', 17 ") of the cavity (17; 25; 27) are arranged transversely with respect to the direction of the gas supply space (14).
7. Laserbearbeitungsdüse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Hohlraum (17;7. Laser processing nozzle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity (17;
25; 27) bis hinter die Mündung (15) des Gaszuführungsraums (14) erstreckt.25; 27) extends beyond the mouth (15) of the gas supply space (14).
8. Laserbearbeitungsdüse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Öffnung des8. Laser processing nozzle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening of the
Hohlraums (17; 25; 27) eine Auslaufkante (18") aufweist. Cavity (17; 25; 27) has an outlet edge (18 ").
EP05825522A 2005-11-25 2005-11-25 Laser machining nozzle Not-in-force EP1957232B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2005/012625 WO2007059787A1 (en) 2005-11-25 2005-11-25 Laser machining nozzle

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EP1957232A1 true EP1957232A1 (en) 2008-08-20
EP1957232B1 EP1957232B1 (en) 2011-01-12

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EP06818852A Withdrawn EP1976658A1 (en) 2005-11-25 2006-11-27 Laser machining nozzle

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JP (1) JP5039050B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101321601B (en)
AT (1) ATE494981T1 (en)
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DE102014009308A1 (en) 2014-06-26 2015-12-31 Iht Automation Gmbh & Co. Kg Welding or cutting tool
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JP2009517216A (en) 2009-04-30
WO2007059787A1 (en) 2007-05-31
DE502005010866D1 (en) 2011-02-24
WO2007060008A1 (en) 2007-05-31
JP5039050B2 (en) 2012-10-03
US8188403B2 (en) 2012-05-29
US20080237207A1 (en) 2008-10-02
CN101321601A (en) 2008-12-10
ATE494981T1 (en) 2011-01-15
EP1976658A1 (en) 2008-10-08
EP1957232B1 (en) 2011-01-12

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