EP1945702A1

EP1945702A1 - Adhesives, sealants and coatings containing glass particles as a filler

Info

Publication number: EP1945702A1
Application number: EP05821944A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Helmut Loth; Carsten Friese; Johann Klein; Oliver Schmidt
Original assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Current assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date: 2005-11-10
Filing date: 2005-11-10
Publication date: 2008-07-23
Also published as: WO2007054112A1; CN101305040A; US20080287574A1

Abstract

The invention relates to chemically or physically curable compositions that are suitable for use as adhesives, sealants or coatings, said compositions containing at least one binding agent, selected from the group consisting of cross-linkable or polymerisable monomers, prepolymers or polymers, in addition to at least one filler. The filler fraction is 0.2 to 70 % by weight in relation to the total weight of the compositions. At least one part of the filler consists of glass particles with a particle size between 100 nm and 20 µm, said particles being obtained by the crushing of reboiled neutral or acidic glass.

Description

Adhesives, sealants and coating materials with glass particles as filler

The present invention relates to adhesives or sealants or coating materials suitable chemically or physically curable compositions containing at least one binder selected from the group consisting of crosslinkable or polymerizable monomers, prepolymers or polymers and at least one filler.

Adhesives, sealants and coating materials generally also contain fillers in addition to binders and optionally pigments and solvents. These fillers are used for different purposes. By the nature and amount of the fillers used, for example, the viscosity of the compositions can be adjusted. In many cases, the flow behavior is influenced by the fillers, d. H. they act as rheology control agents. After the curing of the adhesives, sealants and coating materials, the fillers also have an influence on the physical and chemical properties of the cured end product. For example, the strength, the elasticity, the abrasion resistance, the fire behavior and other properties of cured polymer compositions are influenced by the nature and amounts of the fillers they contain.

An important filler is finely divided silica. It is used, for example, in silicone rubber compositions or paints. However, silica has some disadvantages. On the one hand, this material is relatively expensive and on the other hand, it can be used in practical use only in some compositions up to a level of about 20 wt .-%. When using higher amounts, the viscosity of the compositions increases so much that they are no longer processable.

It is an object of the present invention to provide adhesives, sealants and coating materials of the type mentioned, in which the Siüciurndioxid is at least partially replaced by another filler, which is less expensive and at the same time leads to improved technical properties of the compositions. Surprisingly, it has now been found that this object is achieved may be that at least a portion of the filler consists of crushed foamed glass, which is contained in the compositions in a certain amount and particle size.

The present invention therefore provides adhesives or sealants or coating materials of the type mentioned, which are characterized in that the filler content is 0.2 to 70 wt .-% based on the total weight of the compositions and at least a portion of the filler of glass particles having a particle size of 100 nm to 20 μm, obtained by crushing foamed neutral or acidic glass, or consisting of flat glass plates made from a glass melt in vacuo, the molten glass being forced outwards in a rotating crucible which is disintegrated to platelets upon cooling or consists of amorphous fused silica, or consists of flake-shaped glass particles obtained by drawing a glass capillary and crushing the cooled capillaries or consisting of glass particles obtained thereby; that melted a glass has been processed into thin layers, hollow spheres or tubes and the layers, hollow spheres or tubes have been comminuted after cooling.

Said flat glass flakes and their production are described in WO 8808412 A1.

The glass particles made of amorphous quartz glass are described in High Performance Fillers 2005, 8-9 March 205 - Cologne, Paper 19 on page 3. The glass particles produced from capillaries are sold under the name Glassflake by Nippon Sheet Glas.

In the following, the invention will be described with reference to the crushed glass foam. This description is to be understood that the crushed glass foam can be replaced in all cases by the glass particles described above.

Advantageously, the filler to IQ to 100 wt .-% of said glass particles, more preferably from 50 to 100 wt .-%, most preferably to 100 wt .-%. The term neutral or acidic glass is to be understood as follows: If the glass particles are introduced into water and thus a dispersion is produced with a proportion of 4% by weight of glass particles, a certain pH is established. If this pH value is 7, then it is a neutral glass. Glasses that have a pH below 7 are acid glasses. A neutral pH can also be obtained by a mixture of acidic and alkaline glass. Such a mixture is also to be understood as a neutral glass in the context of the present invention.

To produce the glass particles either recycled glass or specially produced for the production of glass particles new glass can be used. In the latter case, it is possible to specifically control the properties of the glass particles by the composition of the glass. Thus, additives can be added to the glass which positively influence the properties of the glass particles as filler.

Glass particles obtainable by crushing foamed glass and their preparation are described in German Offenlegungsschrift DE 102 52 693 A1. It is platelet-shaped and / or three-dimensional, irregular or regularly shaped glass particles. They are prepared by adding at least one propellant to molten glass under pressure, then reducing the pressure, and then crushing the resulting foam in the pressure reduction and relaxation to glass particles.

If in the compositions according to the invention the usually used highly disperse silica is completely replaced by said glass particles, the glass powder can be used up to a content of about 70 wt .-%. It is surprising to see that the glass powder does not become a

Destruction of the polymer matrix of the cured compositions results, but the physical and chemical properties thereof are improved in many ways.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the glass particles is chemically modified. This makes it possible to study the interactions between the glass particles and the surrounding polymer matrix to influence in the cured product advantageous. For example, the

Be silanized surface.

Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims.

In the following, advantageous compositions are explained in more detail, in which the above-mentioned glass particles are incorporated according to the invention.

The compositions may advantageously contain, as crosslinkable monomers, two-cyanoacrylic acid esters. In this case, they are so-called cyanoacrylate adhesives. These are one-component reaction adhesives based on monomeric 2-cyanoacrylic acid esters. They have conquered the market by their extremely rapid curing, which requires only a few seconds, depending on the substrate. The resulting properties meet many of the demands made in industrial practice. The addition of glass particles according to the present invention improves toughening resistance, peel strength, heat resistance, tensile shear strength and tensile strength of cyanoacrylate adhesives.

Suitable 2-cyanoacrylate in cyanoacrylate adhesives are substances of the general formula

H ₂ C = C (CN) -CO-OR

The cyanoacrylate adhesives may further contain 2-cyano-pentadienoic acid esters as well as the addition of an effective amount of at least one alkylene bis (2-pentadienoate). Such cyanoacrylate adhesives are known from DE 196 40 202 A1. They have an increased heat resistance.

A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention is given by radiation-curable, cyanoacrylate-containing compositions. For example, DE 198 80 965 T1 describes compositions comprising a cyanoacrylate component, a metallocene component and a photoinitiator component. The cyanoacrylate adhesives of the invention may further contain, in addition to a cyanoacrylate component, a first accelerator component selected from the group consisting of calixarenes and oxacalixarenes, silicon containing crown ethers, cyclocodextrins and combinations thereof, and a second accelerator component selected from the group consisting of Poly (ethylene glycol) di (meth) acrylates, ethoxylated compounds and combinations thereof. These adhesives cure very quickly. They are described in US Pat. No. 6,294,629 B1.

A further advantageous embodiment is formed by one-component adhesive compositions which comprise a cyanoacrylate monomer, at least one plasticizer and at least one silane, with the proviso that the silicon atom of the silane does not form part of a silacrown ring. These adhesives are particularly suitable for gluing glass and are described in European Patent EP 0 918 832 B1.

A further preferred embodiment of the cyanoacrylate adhesives according to the invention are those which contain an ester additive, wherein at least one partial and / or full ester of monohydric or polyhydric aliphatic carboxylic acids with 1-5 directly linked C atoms and monohydric to pentavalent aliphatic alcohol having 1-5 carbon atoms directly connected to each other is used and wherein the number of directly interconnected C atoms in the other aliphatic groups is at most 3, when an aliphatic group contains 4 or 5 carbon atoms. These adhesives are characterized by a polymer content of 1-60% by weight, based on the total adhesive. They are described in the patent application DE 197 52 893 A1. They have a good storage stability, useful strengths and a virtually unchanged setting speed.

Another example of an adhesive according to the invention is a fluorescent cyanoacrylate adhesive containing a pyrylium salt. Such adhesives are for bonding the same or different materials made of metal, elastomers and plastics, in particular for bonding transparent parts to be joined made of polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate and polycarbonate. They are described in the patent application DE 196 44 332 A1.

A further example of an adhesive according to the invention is a cyanoacrylate adhesive with an ester additive, which is characterized in that at least one partial and / or full ester of monohydric or polyhydric aliphatic esters is used as the ester

Carboxylic acids with 1-5 directly interconnected carbon atoms and monohydric to pentavalent aliphatic alcohol having 1-5 directly interconnected carbon atoms is used, wherein the number of directly interconnected C atoms in the other aliphatic groups is not more than 3, if an aliphatic

Group contains 4 or 5 carbon atoms, wherein the ester additive is free of alkali metals and amines. These adhesives are described in patent EP 0 904 328 B1.

The cyanoacrylate adhesives according to the invention may furthermore contain, as inhibitors of anionic polymerization, 2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolanes in quantities of 50-5,000 ppm. This inhibitor causes the setting time to increase dramatically over the storage period. Furthermore, discoloration of the adhesive during storage is prevented. Such adhesives are described in European Patent EP 1 034 223 B1.

Another suitable adhesive contains at least one cyanoacrylate monomer component selected from ethyl cyanoacrylate or methoxy cyanoacrylate and at least one cyanoacrylate monomer component in an amount greater than 12% by weight based on the total weight of the combination selected from the group consisting of n-propyl cyanoacrylate, isopropyl) cyanoacrylate, n-butyl cyanoacrylate, sec-butyl cyanoacrylate, isobutyl cyanoacrylate, tert-butyl cyanoacrylate, n-pentyl cyanoacrylate, 1-methylbutyl cyanoacrylate, 1-ethyl-propyl cyanoacrylate, neopentyl cyanoacrylate, n-hexyl cyanoacrylate, 1-methylpentyl cyanoacrylate, n-heptyl cyanoacrylate, n-octyl cyanoacrylate, n-nonyl cyanoacrylate, n-decyl cyanoacrylate, n-undecyl cyanoacrylate, n-dodecyl cyanoacrylate, cyclohexyl cyanoacrylate, benzyl cyanoacryiate, phenyl cyanoacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl cyanoacrylate, allyl cyanoacrylate, propargyl cyanoacrylate, 2-butenyl cyanoacrylate, phenethyl cyanoacrylate, chloropropyl cyan oxyacrylate, ethoxyethyl cyanoacrylate, ethoxypropyl cyanoacrylate, ethoxy Isopropyl cyanoacrylate, propoxyethyl cyanoacrylate, isopropoxyethyl cyanoacrylate, butoxyethyl cyanoacrylate, methoxypropyl cyanoacrylate, methoxy-isopropyl cyanoacrylate, methoxy-butyl cyanoacrylate, propoxymethyl cyanoacrylate, propoxyethyl cyanoacrylate, propoxy-propyl cyanoacrylate, butoxymethyl cyanoacrylate, Butoxyethyl cyanoacrylate, butoxypropyl cyanoacrylate, butoxyisopropyl cyanoacrylate, butoxy-butyl cyanoacrylate, iso-nonyl cyanoacrylate, iso-decyl cyanoacrylate,

Cyclohexylmethyl cyanoacrylate, naphthyl cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-methoxy) ethoxyethyl cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-ethoxy) ethoxyethyl cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-propyloxy) ethoxy ethyl cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-butyloxy) ethoxyethyl cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-pentyloxy) ethoxyethyl cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-hexyloxy) ethoxyethyl cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-methoxy) -propyloxypropyl-cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-ethoxy) -propyloxy-propyl-cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-propyloxy) -propyloxy-propyl-cyanoacrylate, 2- (2 ' Pentyloxy) propyloxy-propyl cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-hexyloxy) -propyloxy-propyl cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-methoxy) -butyloxy-butyl-cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-ethoxy) -butyloxy butyl cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-butyloxy) -butyloxy-butyl-cyanoacrylate, 2- (3'-methoxy) -propyloxy-ethyl-cyanoacrylate, 2- (3'-methoxy) -butyloxy-ethyl- cyanoacrylate, 2- (3'-methoxy) -propyloxy-propyl-cyanoacrylate, 2- (3'-methoxy) -butyloxy-propyl-cyanoacrylate, 2- (2'-methoxy) -ethoxy-propyl-cyanoacrylate, 2- (3-methoxy) -propyl-cyanoacrylate 2'-methoxy) -ethoxy-butyl-cyanoacrylate. The composition further contains at least one plasticizer component contained in an amount of about 15 to about 40% by weight of the total composition. These adhesives are described in the patent application WO 02/053666 A1.

Further, in addition to a cyanoacrylate component, the adhesives may contain an accelerator characterized by the following chemical structure

wherein R is a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthioethem, haloalkyl, carboxylic acids and esters thereof, sulfinic, sulfonic and sulfuric acids and their esters, phosphinic, phosphonic and phosphoric acids and their esters , X is an aromatic hydrocarbon radical which may be substituted with oxygen or sulfur, Z is a single or double bond, n = 1-12, m = 1-4 and p = 1-3. Such cyanoacrylate adhesives are described in US Pat. No. 6,835,789.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is given by adhesive based on α-cyanoacrylic acid esters containing a pyrylium salt. This makes it possible to add a dye of a high concentration to the cyanoacrylic acid esters without remarkably deteriorating the storage stability and the adhesive properties. It is possible to prepare stock solutions with which cyanoacrylate adhesives can be easily dyed according to the respective application. Such adhesives are described in WO 98/18876.

The cyanoacrylate adhesives may further contain, as an anionic polymerization inhibitor, 2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolanes as described in WO 99/25774. As a result, with reliable inhibitor effect, an extension of the setting time after storage is counteracted.

Improved toughness of the cured cyanoacrylate adhesives is achieved by an elastomeric copolymer as a toughening additive which is a reaction product of a C _2-2 o-olefin and a (meth) acrylate ester as described in US 6,822,052 B2.

Thermostable cyanoacrylate bonding, in particular of electrical, electronic or optical components, results from cyanoacrylate adhesive compositions based on esters of monocyanoacrylic acid of the general formula

H ₂ C = C (CN) -CO-OR

in which R is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxyalkyl, aralkyl or haloalkyl group, the adhesive composition containing diisocyanate θ and bisphenols, as described in EP 1 005 513 B1. Another preferred adhesive composition comprises a cyanoacrylate component and an accelerating component consisting essentially of calixarenes, oxacalixarenes or a combination thereof and further at least one crown ether. Adhesives of this type are described in US Pat. No. 6,475,331 B1.

Another advantageous cyanoacrylate adhesive composition with reduced adhesion to skin has a content of at least one compound of the following groups A to D and an anionic polymerization accelerator:

A: Aliphatic alcohol having an aliphatic group in which 6 or more

Carbon atoms are directly linked together;

B: aliphatic carboxylic acid ester having an aliphatic group in which 6 or more carbon atoms are directly bonded together; C: aliphatic carboxylic acid ester having at least two aliphatic groups in which 4 or more carbon atoms are directly linked together; and

D: Carboxylic acid ester of a carbocyclic compound, which in a

Carboxylic acid residue or alcohol group has an aliphatic group in which 5 or more carbon atoms are directly connected to each other. These adhesives are described in the published patent application DE 43 17 886 A1.

Accelerated curing of cyanoacrylate adhesives can be achieved through the use of organic compounds containing the structural element

-N = C-S-S-C = N -

as activators, as described in WO 00/39229.

In addition to the cyanoacrylate adhesives are compositions which, as a binder, a polyurethane binder based on at least one polyisocyanate and at least one polyol and / or polyamine, a further advantageous embodiment of the composition according to the invention. They are suitable for the production of adhesives and molding compounds. The molding compositions may be compact compositions or, if they additionally contain a blowing agent, foams. at the binders may be one-component or two-component polyurethane binders.

The two-component polyurethane binders consist essentially of a reaction product of at least one polyol or polyamine with at least one

Polyisocyanate, wherein for the production of foams for pore formation as

Propellant still added at least one carboxylic acid and optionally still water. Instead of polyols or polyamines and carboxylic acids it is also possible to use hydroxycarboxylic acids or aminocarboxylic acids, the functionality of which may also be greater than 1.

The polyisocyanates are polyfunctional. The suitable polyfunctional isocyanates preferably contain on average from 2 to at most 5, preferably to 4 and in particular 2 or 3, NCO groups. Examples of suitable isocyanates are phenyl diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), hydrogenated MDI (Hi ₂ MDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), m- and p-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), 4,4 'Diphenyl dimethyl methane diisocyanate, di- and Tetraalkyidiphenylmethandiisocyanat, 4,4'-dibenzyl diisocyanate, 1, 3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1, 4-phenylene diisocyanate, the isomers of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), optionally in admixture, 1-methyl-2,4- diisocyanato-cyclohexane, 1,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexane, 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-t-methylhexane, 1-isocyanatomethyl-3-isocyanato-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane ( IPDI), chlorinated and brominated diisocyanates, phosphorus-containing diisocyanates, 4,4'-diisocyanatophenylperfluoroethane, tetramethoxybutane-1,4-diisocyanate, butane-1,4-diisocyanate, hexane-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1 , 4-diisocyanate, ethylene diisocyanate, phthalic acid bis-isocyanatoethyl ester, furthermore poly isocyanates having reactive halogen atoms, such as 1-chloromethylphenyl-2,4-diisocyanate, 1-bromomethylphenyl-2,6-diisocyanate, 3,3-bis-chloromethyl ether-4,4'-diphenyl diisocyanate. Sulfur-containing polyisocyanates are obtained, for example, by reacting 2 moles of hexamethylene diisocyanate with 1 mole of thioglycol or dihydroxydihexyl sulfide. Other important diisocyanates are trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatobutane, 1,12-diisocyanatododecane and dimer fatty acid diisocyanate. Of interest are partially capped polyisocyanates which allow the formation of self-crosslinking polyurethanes, e.g. As dimeric tolylene diisocyanate, or with, for example, phenols, tertiary butanol, phthalamide, caprolactam partially or completely reacted polyisocyanates.

In a particular embodiment, the isocyanate component contains proportionate dimer fatty acid isocyanate. Dimer fatty acid is a mixture of predominantly C ₃₆ dicarboxylic acids, which is prepared by thermal or catalytic dimerization of unsaturated C ₈ monocarboxylic acids, such as oleic acid, tall oil fatty acid or linoleic acid. Such dimer fatty acids have long been known to the skilled person and are commercially available. The dimer fatty acid can be converted to Dimerfettsäureisocyanaten. Technical dimer fatty acid diisocyanate has on average at least two and less than three isocyanate groups per molecule of dimer fatty acid. Preferably, the isocyanate component a) consists of more than 30 wt .-%, in particular at least predominantly, preferably completely, of aromatic isocyanates such as MDI.

In general, aromatic isocyanates are preferred, as are oligomerized NCO-terminated adducts of the above-mentioned isocyanates and polyols, polyamines or amino alcohols. However, even aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanates are able to react quickly and completely even at room temperature.

Finally, it is also possible to use prepolymers, ie oligomers having a plurality of isocyanate groups. They are known to be a large excess of monomeric polyisocyanate in the presence of z. B. diols obtained. Isocyanuratization products of HDI and biuretization products of HDI are also possible.

As di- or polyisocyanates, the aromatic isocyanates are preferably used, for. B. diphenylmethane diisocyanate. either in the form of the pure isomeric, as a mixture of isomers of 2,4 '- / 4,4'-isomers or the liquefied with carbodiimide diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), the z. B. under the trade name Isonate 143 L ^{® is} known, and the so-called "raw MDI", ie, the Isomer / oligomer mixture of MDI, as z. B. under the trade name PAPI ^® or Desmodur VK ^® are commercially available. Furthermore, so-called "quasi-prepolymers", ie reaction products of MDI or of tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) with low molecular weight diols, such as, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol or triethylene glycol, can be used.

Suitable polyols for the binder are preferably liquid polyhydroxy compounds, in particular with two or three hydroxyl groups per polyether and / or polyester molecule, such as. B. di- and / or trifunctional polypropylene glycols in the molecular weight range from 200 to 6000, preferably in the range of 400 to 3000. It can also be used random and / or block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Another group of preferably used polyether polyols are the polytetramethylene glycols, z. B. be prepared by the acidic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran. The molecular weight range of the polytetramethylene glycols is between 200 and 6000, preferably in the range from 40 to 4000.

Furthermore, as the polyols, the liquid polyesters are suitable, which by condensation of di- or tricarboxylic acids, such as. As adipic acid, sebacic acid and glutaric acid, with low molecular weight diols or triols, such as. As ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, glycerol or trimethylolpropane, can be prepared.

Another group of polyols to be used according to the invention are the polyesters based on ε-caprolactone, also called "polycaprolactones".

However, it is also possible to use polyester polyols of oleochemical origin. Such polyester polyols can be prepared for example by complete ring opening of epoxidized triglycerides of an at least partially oiefmisch unsaturated fatty acid-containing fat mixture with one or more alcohols having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and subsequent partial transesterification of the triglyceride derivatives to alkyl ester polyols having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical become. Further Suitable polyols are polycarbonate polyols and dimer diols (Henkel) and in particular castor oil and its derivatives. Also hydroxy-functional polybutadienes, as z. B. under the trade name "Polybd" ^{® are} available, can be used for the compositions of the invention as polyols.

In particular, the polyol component is a diol / triol blend of polyether and polyester polyols.

A "propellant" is understood to mean not only propellant gases but also those substances which develop propellant gases under the action of heat or chemicals In the present case, the carboxylic acids react with isocyanates in the presence of catalysts with elimination of CO ₂ to give amides.

By "carboxylic acids" is meant acids containing one or more, preferably up to three, carboxyl groups (-COOH) and at least 2, preferably 5 to 400, carbon atoms They may contain other groups such as ether, ester, halogen, amide, amino, hydroxy and urea groups, but preferred are carboxylic acids which act as liquids at room temperature are readily incorporated, such as native fatty acids or mixtures of fatty acids, COOH-terminated polyesters, polyethers or polyamides, dimer fatty acids and trimer fatty acids Concrete examples of the carboxylic acids are: acetic acid, valerian, capron, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, Palmitic, stearic, isostearic, isopalmitic, arachin, behenic, cerotinic and melissinic acids and the mono- or polyunsaturated acids Palmitolein-, Ö l, elaidin, petroselin, eruca, linoleic, linolenic and gadoleic acid. In addition, may also be mentioned: adipic acid, sebacic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, oxalic acid, muconic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, RicinoSsäüre, 12-hydroxystearic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, di- or trimerized unsaturated fatty acids, optionally in admixture with monomeric unsaturated fatty acids and optionally partial esters of these compounds. Likewise, esters may also be used of polycarboxylic acids or carboxylic acid mixtures which have both COOH and OH groups, such as esters of TMP [C ₂ H ₅ -C (CH ₂ OH) ₃ ], glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, glycol or their alkoxylates with adipic acid , Sebacic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or grafted or partially esterified carbohydrates (sugar, starch, cellulose) and ring-opening products of epoxides with polycarboxylic acids.

In addition to the amino carboxylic acids, the "carboxylic acids" preferably include "hydroxycarboxylic acids". By "hydroxycarboxylic acids" are meant monohydroxy-monocarboxylic acids, monohydroxypolycarboxylic acids, polyhydroxymonocarboxylic acids and polyhydroxypolycarboxylic acids, including the corresponding hydroxyalkoxycarboxylic acids having from 2 to 600, preferably from 8 to 400, and in particular from 14 to 120, carbon atoms having from 1 to 9, preferably from 2 to The polyhydroxymonocarboxylic acids and the polyhydroxypolycarboxylic acids, including the corresponding hydroxyalkoxycarboxylic acids, are combined to form the polyhydroxyfatty acids The dihydroxyfatty acids preferably used and their preparation are described in DE-OS 33 18 596 and EP 237 959, to which reference is expressly made.

The polyhydroxy fatty acids used are preferably derived from naturally occurring fatty acids. They therefore usually have an even number of carbon atoms in the main chain and are not branched. Particularly suitable are those having a chain length of 8 to 100, in particular 14 to 22 carbon atoms. For technical uses, natural fatty acids are mostly used as technical mixtures. These mixtures preferably contain a part of oleic acid. They may also contain other saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Also in the preparation of the polyhydroxy fatty acids or polyhydroxyalkoxy fatty acids which can be used according to the invention, it is possible in principle to use mixtures of different chain lengths which may also contain saturated fractions or else polyhydroxyalkoxycarboxylic acids having double bonds. So here are not only the pure polyhydroxy fatty acids, but also suitable Mixed products obtained from animal fats or vegetable oils, which after preparation (ester cleavage, purification stages) contents of monounsaturated fatty acids> 40%, preferably> 60%. Examples include commercially available, natural raw materials such. B. beef tallow with a chain distribution of 67% oleic acid, 2% stearic acid, 1% heptadecanoic acid, 10% saturated acids of chain length Ci ₂ to Ci ₆ , 12% linoleic acid and 2% saturated acids> Ci ₈ carbon atoms or z. B. the oil of the new sunflower (NSb) with a composition of about 80% oleic acid, 5% stearic acid, 8% linoleic acid and about 7% palmitic acid. These products may be briefly distilled after ring opening to reduce the unsaturated fatty acid ester levels. Further purification steps (eg longer-lasting distillation) are also possible.

Preferably, the polyhydroxy fatty acids used are derived from monounsaturated fatty acids, eg. Of 4,5-tetradecenoic acid, 9,10-tetradecenoic acid, 9,10-pentadecenoic acid, 9,10-hexadecenoic acid, 9,10-heptadecenoic acid, 6,7-octadecenoic acid, 9,10-octadecenoic acid, 11,12-octadecenoic acid 1,1,12-eicosenoic acid, 11,12-docosenoic acid, 13,14-docosenoic acid, 15,16-tetracenoic acid and 9,10-xenoic acid. Of these, preferred is oleic acid (9,10-octadecenoic acid). Both cis and trans isomers of all the fatty acids mentioned are suitable.

Also suitable are polyhydroxy fatty acids derived from less abundant unsaturated fatty acids such as decyl-12-enoic acid, dodecyl-9-enoic acid, ricinoleic acid, petroselinic acid, vaccenic acid, levostearic acid, punicic acid, licanic acid, parinaric acid, gadoleic acid, arachidonic acid, 5-eicosenoic acid, 5-docosenoic acid, cetoleic acid, 5,13-docosadienoic acid and / or selacholeinic acid.

Also suitable are polyhydroxy fatty acids prepared from isomerization products of natural unsaturated fatty acids. The polyhydroxyfatty acids thus produced differ only by the position of the hydroxy or hydroxyalkoxy groups in M.oSeküi. They generally win as mixtures vgr. Naturally occurring fatty acids are in the sense of natural raw materials in the present invention as a starting component, although but this does not mean that not synthetically produced carboxylic acids with corresponding C numbers are also suitable.

A hydroxyalkoxy radical of the polyhydroxy fatty acids is derived from the polyol used to ring-open the epoxidized fatty acid derivative. Preference is given to polyhydroxy fatty acids whose hydroxyalkoxy group is derived from preferably primary difunctional alcohols having up to 24, in particular up to 12 carbon atoms. Suitable diols are propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol and hexanediol, dodecanediol, preferably 1, 2-ethanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, polypropylene glycol, polybutanediol and / or polyethylene glycol having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 40. Further as diol compounds polypropylene glycol and / or polytetrahydrofuran and their Mischpolymerisationsprodukte particularly suitable. This is especially true when these compounds each have a degree of polymerization of about 2 to 20 units. For ring opening but also triols or even higher alcohols can be used, for. As glycerol and trimethylolpropane and their adducts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide having molecular weights up to 1500. There are then obtained polyhydroxy fatty acids having more than 2 hydroxyl groups per molecule.

For ring opening can be used instead of a polyol as hydroxyl-containing compound and a hydroxycarboxylic acid, for. Citric acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, lactic acid. This results in ester groups instead of ether groups. Furthermore, amines, hydroxyl-bearing amines or aminocarboxylic acids can be used for ring opening.

However, preference is given to preparing dihydroxy fatty acids, in particular from epoxidized unsaturated fatty acids and diols. They are liquid at room temperature and can easily be mixed with the other reactants. For the purposes of the invention, dihydroxyfatty acids are understood as meaning both the ring-opening products of epoxidized unsaturated fatty acids with water and also the corresponding ring-opening products with diols and their crosslinking products with further epoxide molecules. The ring opening products with diols can be more accurately referred to as dihydroxyalkoxy fatty acids. The hydroxy groups or the hydroxyalkoxy group are preferably separated from the carboxy group by at least 1, preferably at least 3, in particular at least 6, CH ₂ units.

Preferred dihydroxy fatty acids are:

9,10-dihydroxypalmitic acid, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid and 13,14-

Dihydroxybehensäure and their 10,9 and 14,13 isomers.

Also polyunsaturated fatty acids are suitable, for. As linoleic acid, linolenic acid and ricinic acid.

As a concrete example of an aromatic carboxylic acid cinnamic acid may be mentioned.

Preference is given to carboxylic acids which can be prepared from fats.

If the CO ₂ elimination is to start already at room temperature, it is expedient to use amino-substituted pyridines and / or N-substituted imidazoles as catalysts. Particularly suitable are 1-methylimidazole, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 1-allylimidazole, 1-phenylimidazole, 1, 2,4,5-tetramethylimidazole, 1 (3-aminopropyl) imidazole, pyrimidazole, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 4-pyrrolidinopyridine , 4-morpholino-pyridine, 4-methylpyridine and N-dodecyl-2-methyl-imidazole.

The abovementioned starting materials for the PU binder, namely polyisocyanate, polyol, polyamides, carboxylic acids and substances having at least one hydroxyl, amine or carboxyl group and catalysts, are used in the following ratios: 0.1 to 1 equivalent of isocyanate , preferably 0.1 to 0.8 equivalents of a mixture of carboxylic acid and alcohol and 0.0001 to 0.5, preferably 0.001 to 0.1 equivalents of amine catalyst, wherein the ratio of alcohol: acid 20: 1 to 1: 20 can. In the event that no alcohol or polyamine is involved in the reaction, ie the isocyanates are reacted with the carboxylic acids, the rule applies: to one equivalent of isocyanate are from 0.1 to 4, preferably 0.8 to 1, 4 equivalents of carboxylic acid and 0.0001 to 0.5, preferably 0.001 to 0.1 equivalents of tertiary amine catalyst. If so Polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy or amino carboxylic acids are used, can be completely dispensed with the addition of polyols.

In the event that the polyfunctional isocyanates are reacted predominantly with hydroxycarboxylic acids, the amines should preferably be used in a concentration of 0.05 to 15, in particular from 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, based on the sum of hydroxycarboxylic acid and isocyanate ,

In addition to the abovementioned pyridine and imidazole derivatives, it is also possible to add further catalysts, in particular organometallic compounds such as tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids, strong bases such as alkali metal hydroxides, -alcoholates and -phenolates, eg. Di-n-octyl-tin-mercaptide, dibutyltin maleate, diacetate, dilaurate, dichloride, bisdodecyl-mercaptide, stannous acetate, ethylhexoate and diethylhexanoate or leadphenyl-ethyl-dithiocarbaminate. The organometallic catalysts can also be used alone if certain carboxylic acids are used, namely hydroxy and amino carboxylic acids. As a trimerization catalyst DABCO TMR-2 ^® , etc. of the company. Air Products may be mentioned, which are dissolved in ethyl glycol quaternary ammonium salts.

Additionally suitable are also aliphatic tertiary amines, in particular with a cyclic structure. Also suitable among the tertiary amines are those which additionally bear reactive groups relative to the isocyanates, in particular hydroxyl and / or amino groups. Specifically named are:

Dimethylmonoethanolamine, diethylmonoethanolamine, methylethylmonoethanolamine, triethanolamine, trimethanolamine, tripropanolamine, tributanolamine, trihexanolamine, tripentanolamine, tricyclohexanolamine, diethanolmethylamine, diethanolethylamine, diethanolpropylamine, diethanolbutylamine, diethanolpentylamine, diethanolhexylamine, diethanolcyclohexylamine, diethanolphenylamine and their ethoxylation and propoxylation products, diaza-bicyclo-octane ( Dabco ^®), triethylamine, dimethylbenzylamine (Desmorapid DB ^_®: BAYER). Bisdimethylaminoethylether (Calalyst AI ^®, UCC), tetramethylguanidine, Bisdimethylaminomethyl-phenol, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2- (2-dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethyl 3-dimethylaminopropylether, bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, N, N -Dimethylpiperazin, N- (2-hydroxyethoxyethyl) -2-azanorborane, Texacat DP-914 ^® (Texaco Chemical), N, N, N, N-tetramethylbutane-1, 3-diamine, N, N, N, N-tetramethyl-propane 1, 3-diamine and N, N, N, N-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diamine.

The catalysts may also be in oligomerized or polymerized form, for. B. as N-methylated polyethyleneimine.

When water is used as an additional blowing agent or chain extender, it may be desirable to use an aliphatic tertiary amine as a catalyst. In general, the water is then used in an amount of 0.1 to 15, in particular from 0.3 to 5 wt .-%, based on the polyurethane.

The PU binders of the molded article, in addition to the amide group due to the carboxylic acid / isocyanate reaction or urea groups, when the isocyanates react with H ₂ O. They additionally contain urethane groups when the isocyanates react with polyols, with polyhydroxycarboxylic acids or with the cellulose; and they still contain ester groups when the carboxylic acids and alcohols react.

The amount of the reactants polyisocyanate, polyol and carboxylic acid is chosen so that the polyisocyanate is used in excess. That means it's on

Equivalence ratio of NCO: OH groups of 5: 1, but preferably from 2: 1 to 1, 2: 1 before, most preferably is an excess of isocyanate of 5 to

50%.

The compositions comprising a two-component polyurethane binder may advantageously contain wood particles and / or cellulose-containing material in addition to the glass particles as further filler. These compositions are well suited for the production of moldings. They are described, for example, in the patent DE 197 56 154 C1 and the patent EP 0 839 083 B1.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the compositions may contain as binders a dispersion based on polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate, polybutadiene styrene, polyvinylidene, polyurethane, polychloroprene, rubber, Vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymers, maleate or polyolefins. These compositions are suitable as so-called dispersion adhesive.

The compositions of the invention may advantageously contain as binder also a hot melt adhesive, which is preferably selected from the group consisting of pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyolefins, Ethylenvinylacetetcopolymeren, polyamides, polyurethanes, silane-terminated polyurethanes and silane-terminated polyamides.

A moisture-curing polyurethane hot melt adhesive is described for example in the patent DE 698 07 928 T2. Moisture-curing or moisture-crosslinking polyurethane hot melt adhesives are adhesives that are solid at room temperature and applied in the form of a melt, with their polymer components comprising urethane groups and reactive isocyanate groups. The cooling of the melt first causes a rapid physical setting of the adhesive, followed by a chemical reaction of the remaining isocyanate groups with moisture to form a crosslinked now infusible adhesive. Only after this chemical cure with moisture, which is accompanied by an increase in molecular size and / or crosslinking does the adhesive assume its final properties. Polyurethane hot melt adhesives in the narrower sense are essentially solvent-free. The polyurethane hot melt adhesive composition known from the cited patent specification comprises the product of the combination of the following constituents:

a) 95-3 wt .-% of the reaction product of a first polyisocyanate and a polymer of ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a molecular weight below 60,000, said polymer having active hydrogen groups and no copolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least one primary hydroxyl group is;

b) 5-90 wt .-% of at least one polyurethane Prepolyrners with free isocyanate groups, prepared from at least one polyol from the group of polyester diols, polyester triols, polyester polyols, aromatic polyols and their Mixtures and at least one second polyisocyanate which may be identical to or different from the first polyisocyanate, and

c) 0-40 wt .-% of at least one additive from the group of catalysts, tackifiers, plasticizers, fillers, pigments, stabilizers, adhesion promoters, Rheologyverbesserer and mixtures thereof, in such a way that the sum of a), b) and c ) gives a total of 100 wt .-%.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the compositions may contain epoxy resins as a binder. These may be standard epoxy resins in combination with the known hardeners, for example polyamines. The compositions may also be modified

Epoxy resins or special further ingredients, as described below. By the addition of the glass particles according to the invention, a toughening is achieved, the breaking strength, the modulus of elasticity and the

Shear modulus and electrical properties are improved.

A preferred composition whose properties are improved by the glass particles is described in patent EP 1 272 587 B1. The composition contains

A) at least one epoxy resin having on average more than one epoxide group per molecule

B) a copolymer having a glass transition temperature of -30 ⁰ C or lower and epoxide-reactive groups or a reaction product of this copolymer with a stoichiometric excess of an epoxy resin according to

A)

C) a latent, high temperature activatable hardener for component A), and either

D) a reaction product preparable from a difunctional amino-terminated polymer and a tri- or tetracarboxylic anhydride, characterized by in

Means more than one imide group and carboxyl group per molecule, or

E) a reaction product prepared from a tri- or polyfunctional polyol or a tri- or polyfunctional amino-terminated polymer and a cyclic carboxylic anhydride, wherein the reaction product contains on average more than one carboxyl group per molecule, or

F) a mixture of the reaction products according to D) and E).

The compositions can be used as a high-strength, impact-resistant structural adhesive in vehicle construction, aircraft construction or rail vehicle construction. With them, internal stiffening of cavities in vehicle construction can be formed and stiffening coatings for thin-walled metal sheets or plastic components can be produced. The compositions are also useful as composites, potting compounds in the electrical and electronics industries, and as adhesives in the manufacture of printed circuit boards in the electronics industry.

According to patent application EP 1 359 202 A1, a further preferred composition comprises at least one epoxy resin A having on average more than one epoxide group per molecule, at least one epoxide adduct B having on average more than one epoxide group per molecule, at least one thixotropic agent C, based on Urea derivative in a non-diffusing carrier material and at least one curing agent D for epoxy resins, which is activated by elevated temperature. The epoxy resin A is a liquid resin, in particular a bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether or bisphenol A / F diglycidyl ether. The epoxide adduct B is advantageously an epoxide adduct B1 which is obtainable from at least one dicarboxylic acid and at least one diglycidyl ether and is optionally combined with an epoxide adduct E2 which consists of at least one bis (aminophenyl) sulfone isomer or at least one aromatic Alcohol and at least one diglydicyl ether is available. The hardener D may be a latent hardener from the group dicyandiamide, guanamine, guanidine and aminoguanidine. The compositions are stable at room temperature, one-component heat-curing composition, in particular adhesives and hot melt adhesives, which on the one hand have a high strength and on the other hand, a high glass transition temperature. They are suitable for bonding vehicle parts.

Another epoxy composition, as described in US Pat. No. 6,486,256 B1, comprises a chain extender, a basic catalyst reactive epoxy resin that is not substantially chain extended and a polymeric toughener.

The patent EP 0 308 664 B1 furthermore discloses modified epoxy resins whose properties can likewise be improved by the addition of the glass particles. These are mixtures of special diene

Copolymers and phenol-terminated polyurethanes or polyureas,

Mixtures of this type containing epoxy resins and / or adducts of epoxy resins with the diene copolymer and / or the polyurethane or the polyurea. The copolymers are based on at least one 1, 3-diene and at least one polar, ethylenically unsaturated comonomer. When curing this

Compositions result in highly flexible products.

On the basis of epoxy resins and reactive hot melt adhesives can be produced. Patent EP 0 591 307 B1 describes such a hotmelt adhesive which contains one or more epoxy resin components, at least one thermally activatable latent hardener for the resin component and optionally accelerators, fillers, thixotropic auxiliaries and other conventional additives, the resin component having a reaction product of 0, 5-1 equivalents of a solid at room temperature, prepared from bisphenol A and / or bisphenol F and epichlorohydrin epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent weight of 400-700, 0.5-1 equivalents of liquid at room temperature, from bisphenol A and / or the bisphenol F and epichlorohydrin-produced epoxy resin having an epoxide equivalent weight of 150-220 and 0.125-0.5 equivalents of amino-terminated polyethylene or polypropylene glycols. The epoxy resins are present in an amount such that a stoichiometric excess of at least one equivalent of epoxide groups over the amino groups is ensured. The hot melt adhesives have sufficient flexibility and increased peel strength not only at room temperature, but also at low temperatures below 0 ⁰ C. This improvement is achieved without affecting the tensile shear strength. In addition, the reactive hot melt adhesives have sufficient washout before curing. The patent application US 2003/0196753 A1 furthermore discloses curable adhesives which contain the following constituents: An epoxide-based prepolymer which is the reaction product of an epoxy resin and a reaction partner selected from the group consisting of amino-terminated polyethers, resins based on carboxyl-containing 1,3-dienes and polar unsaturated comonomers and mixtures thereof, and further an acryl-terminated urethane resin which is the reaction product of a polyfunctional isocyanate of a polyol and an isocyanate-reactive (meth) acrylate, and further a heat-activatable latent hardener. The cured products have improved impact strength and a wide range of their applications.

From US Pat. No. 6,632,893 B2 is known a thermosetting resin composition containing about 100 parts of an epoxy resin component, up to 30 parts of a latent hardener containing a cyanate ester component and an imidazole component, and a polysulfide-based toughening component. The compositions are suitable for bonding electronic parts.

The patent US Pat. No. 6,911,109 B2 describes a two-component, room-temperature-curable composition containing as the first component

Epoxy resin and a (meth) acrylate component and as a second component one

Epoxy resin and a catalyst based on a transition metal complex contains. The second component further contains an accelerator selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol, dinonylphenol, piperazine, triethanolamine, water, alcohols, acids and their salts, and combinations thereof.

Another group of products which can be improved according to the invention by the addition of glass particles are sealants. These are compositions containing as binders silicones, silane-curing polymers, modified silicones (MS polymers), polysulfides, polyurethanes, rubber, polyacrylates, dispersion sealants, polyvinyl chloride and / or other plastisols. An important group of sealants are room temperature vulcanizable silicone rubber compositions containing a silane-terminated polyorganosiloxane base polymer containing a crosslinker consisting of alkylacyloxysilanes and / or siloxanes and a particulate filler.

Room temperature vulcanizable silicone rubber (RTV) compositions are well known in the art. They are described, for example, in European patent EP 1 013 715 B1. The compositions generally consist of a silanol-terminated polyorganodisiloxane polymer, a silica filler, an organotriacyloxysilane crosslinking agent, and a metal salt of a carboxylic acid catalyst. The compositions cure to a solid, elastic state at room temperature by the action of moisture generally present in the atmosphere. Silicone RTV compositions are very useful for sealing and sealing applications where strong adhesion to various surfaces is important. Such uses require that the compositions be placed in cracks or on surfaces which have a vertical orientation or are arranged overhead. Therefore, it is important that such compositions have viscosity and adhesive properties that allow them to be freely applied in or on cracks and surfaces.

As an essential rheology control agent, silica is used in many silicone RTV compositions. However, silica also has some disadvantages with these sealants. On the one hand, this material is relatively expensive and on the other hand it can only be used in practical use up to a proportion of about 20 wt .-% of the silicone rubber composition. When using higher amounts, the viscosity of the compositions increases so much that they are no longer processable.

Even with silicone rubber compositions, the complete or partial replacement of finely divided silica by glass particles obtained by the comminution of foamed glass leads to improved technical properties. The glass powder can be up to a content of about 70 wt .-% be used. It is surprising to see that the glass powder does not lead to destruction of the polymer matrix, but vulcanized to a low modulus, highly elastic, highly elastic rubber. This rubber has self-extinguishing properties, ie it is flammable, but the flames go out after a short time by itself. Surprisingly, with increasing filler content, the tear strength of the rubber is significantly increased.

Another sealant whose properties can be improved according to the invention by the incorporation of glass foam powder is described in the patent DE 38 16 808 C1. It is a one-component molding and sealing compounds based on prepolymers containing silyl end groups with at least one hydrolyzable substituent on the Si atom, organometallic tin compounds as catalyst and inorganic fillers. The composition contains an isocyanate and / or a carboxylic acid chloride in an amount of 0.01-1% by weight as a stabilizer. The stabilizer is advantageously p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate.

The patent application DE 196 53 388 A1 discloses a pressure-elastic, foamable sealant based on silane-modified polymers. In the known composition fumed silica is used as a filler. This can be partially or completely replaced by glass foam powder.

Furthermore, from the patent application DE 195 17 452 A1, a two-component adhesive / sealant with high initial adhesion is known. The first component contains a one-component, moisture-curing adhesive / sealant and the second component contains a crosslinker and / or accelerator for the first component.

Suitable organopolysiloxane compositions with which the present invention can be implemented are also described in the patent EP 0 940 445 B1. These are RTV-1 compositions which are based on an α, ω-dihydroxy-polydiorganosiloxane, a filler and optionally further constituents. The silica used in the known compositions can be advantageously at least partially replaced by glass foam powder. US Pat. No. 3,677,996 discloses a room-temperature-curing silicone rubber composition containing siloxane elastomers, a nitrogen-containing crosslinking agent and a polyglycol. Also in this composition, the addition of glass foam powder improves the technical properties of the product.

From the patent DE 699 06 232 T2 a room-temperature vulcanizable one-component silicone rubber composition is known which contains the following constituents:

(A) 100 parts by weight of a polyorganosiloxane base polymer having Silanolend- groups and a viscosity within a range of 200 to 500,000 mPa-s at 25 ⁰ C, the average of 1, 2 are organic radicals containing bis per 85 silicon atom and 0.02 parts by weight (B) 0.5-10 parts by weight of an organotriacyloxysilane crosslinking agent described by the formula R ² Si (OY) ₃ wherein R ^{2 is} a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1-18 carbon atoms; each Y is an independently selected saturated monoacyl radical of a carboxylic acid, and

(C) 0.2-10 parts by weight of a polysiloxane-polyether copolymer described by the formula R ³ Si ((OSiR ³ 2) _X OSiR ³ 2R ⁴ ) 3 wherein each R ^{3 is} an independently selected monovalent hydrocarbon radical of 1-18 Is carbon, x is 0-1000, and R ^{4 is represented} by the formula - (CH ₂ ) _a O (CH ₂ CH ₂ θ) _b (CH ₂ CHR ⁵ O) _c R ⁶ wherein R ^{5 is} alkyl of 1 -6 carbon atoms, R ^{6 is selected} from hydrogen, monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having 1-12 carbon atoms and saturated monoacyl radicals of a carboxylic acid, a = 3-12, b = 0-100, c = 0-100 and b + c> 0 is, and

(D) 1-70 parts by weight of particulate silica.

Also in this composition, the particulate silica can be completely or partially replaced by glass foam powder.

From WO 2005/033240 A1 Bindemitte! with barrier properties, which may also advantageously contain glass foam powder as a filler. The binders contain a) a compound having at least one NCO group and at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group Component (A) and b) an organosilicon compound as component (B) having at least one NCO group and at least one functional group of the formula (I): -Si (X) ₃ - _n with X = -NH ₂ ; -NH-CO-R; -OOC-R; -0-N = C (R) ₂ or OR '; R = a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated Ci-C ₈ alkyl group, preferably a methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl radical; R '= R, preferably a methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl radical; or an oxyalkylene radical having up to 4 carbon atoms, preferably - (C ₂ ll ₄ -O) _m -ll and / or (CH ₂ -CH (CH ₃ ) -O) _m -H; a C ₅ -C ₈ cycloalkyl radical; a C ₆ -C ₁ o aryl group or a C ₇ -C ₂ aralkyl; m = 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, particularly preferably 1 to 10; n = 0, 1 or 2. The binder is used as a radiation-curable binder in coating compositions, fillers, sealants or adhesives. Using the binder, composite films with barrier properties to CO ₂ , O ₂ , N ₂ , water vapor and flavorings can also be prepared.

Compositions having binder barrier properties may also be included

A) at least one in the range of 18 ° C to 100 ⁰ C, preferably 20 ⁰ C to 80 ⁰ C, flowable compound having at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group as component (A);

B) at least one compound having at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group and at least one COOH group as

Component (B);

C) optionally a nanoscale filler as component (C), which is preferably selected from the group: oxides, nitrides, halides, sulfides, carbides, tellurides, selenides of the second to fourth main group, the transition elements, the lanthanides and / or from the group the polyorganosiloxanes and

D) glass particles obtained by crushing foamed neutral or acidic glass.

The binder of the invention has barrier properties to CO ₂ , O ₂ , N ₂ , water vapor and flavorings. The preferred use as a sealant or adhesive reduces the number of production steps involved in producing composite materials having barrier properties since the usual additional coatings with polyvinylidene chloride and / or ethylene vinyl alcohol layers or vapor deposition with aluminum layers are no longer required. Due to the absence of a metal layer, the composite materials are more sorted and thus easier to dispose of. In particular, the absence of a metal layer makes it possible to produce transparent film composites with barrier properties.

The binders of the invention have at 60 ⁰ C a viscosity of 50 mPa's to 52000 mPa-s (measured according to Brookfield, Digital Viscometer RVT DV-II, spindle 27) and are therefore at low temperatures, ie in a range of 40 ⁰ C to 120 ⁰ C, easy to apply and quickly have a good initial adhesion. Temperature-sensitive substrates, for example polyolefin films, can thus be reliably bonded without damaging the substrate.

The binder according to the invention is radiation-curable and is used in a preferred embodiment as a dual-cure system. The binders should then be anhydrous. Dual-cure systems are characterized by the fact that they are both radiation-curable and curable by a second, independent curing mechanism. The binders according to the invention can preferably be used as 1-component (I K) systems, so that the provision of additional components, in particular of hardeners, can be dispensed with.

The adhesives, sealants and fillers which comprise the binder according to the invention have little to no migration-capable constituents. This eliminates the usual waiting times until complete curing after application of the adhesive, sealant or filler.

In the context of the present invention, binders are to be understood as meaning substances which can join the same or different substrates or can themselves adhere firmly to them. The terms "curing", "curing" or similar terms in the context of the present text refer to polyreactions as they may occur within individual components of the composition considered in each case in connection with the term. The polyreaction can be a free radical, anionic or cationic polymerization, polycondensation or polyaddition, in which a reactive functional group can react with a suitable further functional group to increase the molecular weight of the molecule carrying it. Usually, crosslinking reactions also take place at the same time. In the context of the present invention, the term "radiation-curable" is understood to mean the initiation of a polyreaction under the influence of radiation. "Radiation" shall be understood to mean any type of radiation which causes irreversible crosslinking in the crosslinkable binder layer to be irradiated UV, electron beams, visible light, but also IR radiation.

For example, an irradiation-curable reactive functional group is a group having a carbon-carbon double bond. Unless indicated otherwise, molecular weight data relating to polymeric compounds are based on the number-average molecular weight (M _n ). Unless indicated otherwise, all molecular weight data refer to values obtainable by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

Component (A) used are monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric compounds, provided that they have at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group. Component (A) is preferably ϊm range from 18 ° C to 100 ⁰ C, preferably from 20 ⁰ C to 80 ⁰ C, flowable. Such compounds which can be used as component (A) are selected from the group: polyacrylic and / or polymethacrylic acid alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl esters, methacrylic acid and / or acrylic acid homopolymers and / or copolymers, unsaturated polyesters, Polyethers, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyurethanes, polyolefins, vinyl polymers or rubber polymers such as nitrile or styrene / butadiene rubber. For the invention as component (A) usable compounds are, for example, in CG. Roffey in "Photogeneration of Reactive Species for UV Curing", John Wiley & Sons, 1997, at pages 182 (vinyl derivatives), 482-485 (unsaturated polyesters), 487-502 (polyester, polyether, epoxy, Polyurethane and melamine acrylates), 504-508 (radiation-crosslinkable organopolysiloxane polymers) and R. Holmann and P. Oldring in UV and EB Curing Formulation for Printing Inks, Coatings and Paints, published by SIFA (Selective Industria! Training Associates Limited, London, UK), 2nd edition, 1988, at pages 23-26 (epoxy acrylates), 27-35 (urethane acrylates), 36-39 (polyester acrylates), 39-41 (polyether acrylates ), 41 (vinyl polymers), 42-43 (unsaturated polyesters). Preferably used as component (A) are compounds from the group: (meth) acrylic acid homopolymers and / or copolymers, polyester (meth) acrylates, epoxy (meth) acrylates or polyurethane (meth) acrylates. The term "(meth) acrylate" is intended here to mean a shortened notation for "acrylate and / or methacrylate".

Comonomers of (meth) acrylic acid containing as comonomer styrene, methylstyrene and / or other alkylstyrenes and / or alpha-olefins are preferred. Particularly suitable components (A) are di- and / or higher-functional acrylate or methacrylate esters. Such acrylate or methacrylate esters preferably comprise esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyols or acrylate esters of polyether alcohols. Suitable compounds are in CG. Roffey "Photogeneration of Reactive Species for UV Curing" at pages 537-560, and R. Holman and P. Oldring "U.V. and E.B. Curing Formulation for Printing Inks, Coatings and Paints" at pages 52-59.

Compounds which are particularly preferred as component (A) include (meth) acrylate esters of aliphatic polyols having from 2 to about 40 carbon atoms. Such compounds are preferably selected from the group:

Neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acrylate esters of sorbitol and other sugar alcohols. The (meth) acrylate esters of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diols can be modified with an aliphatic ester or an alkylene oxide. The aliphatic ester-modified acrylates include, for example, neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate di (meth) acrylate, caprolactone-modified neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate di (meth) acrylates, and the like. The alkylene oxide-modified acrylate compounds include, for example, ethylene oxide-modified neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylates, propylene oxide-modified neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylates, ethylene oxide-modified 1,6-hexanediols.

(meth) acrylates or propylene oxide-modified 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylates or mixtures of two or more thereof.

It is also possible to use acrylates or methacrylates which contain aromatic groups. These include corresponding bisphenol A compounds, for example diacrylates or dimethacrylates of adducts of bisphenol A with alkylene oxides, eg adducts of bisphenol A with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.

Acrylate monomers based on polyether polyols include, for example, neopentyl glycol-modified (meth) acrylates, trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylates, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylates, polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylates, and the like. Tri- and higher-functional acrylate monomers include, for example, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri- and tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritolhexa (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, tris [(meth) acryloxyethyl] isocyanurate, caprolactone-modified tris [(meth) acryloxyethyl] isocyanurates or trimethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate or mixtures of two or more thereof. Among the di-, tri- or higher-functional acrylate monomers which can be used according to the invention as component (A) are di-, tri- and tetrapropylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol propoxylate di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane monethoxytri (meth) acrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate preferred.

(Meth) acrylate esters based on urethane group-containing polyols can be prepared by reacting a polyol with a di- or higher-functional isocyanate to form OH-terminated polyurethane prepolymers which are esterified with (meth) acrylic acid to give the corresponding diesters.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, compounds having the general formula (I) are used as component (A):

H ₂ C = CR ¹ -C (OO) -O- (R ⁷ -O) _n R ⁸ (I) with:

R ¹ = H, CH ₃ ;

R ⁷ = straight-chain or branched alkylene group of C ₂ to C ₁ 0; R ⁸ = straight-chain or branched alkylene group of C 1 to C 25; n = 1 to 25.

Preferred compounds of the general forms! (!) are Feihihxyeihyϊacryiat, ethoxymethyl methacrylate, methoxyethoxyethyl methacrylate, ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate, Butyldiethylenglykolmethacrylat, ethoxylated nonylphenol acrylate, ethoxylated Lauryl alcohol methacrylate, alkoxylated tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol monoacrylate.

Component (A) is more preferably selected from the group: hydrofunctional ethylhexyl methacrylate, octyl / decyl acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, modified aromatic or aliphatic epoxy acrylates, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate di (meth) acrylate, caprolactone-modified neopentyl glycol hydroxy-pivalate di (meth) acrylates, ethylene oxide-modified neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylates, propylene oxide-modified neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylates, ethylene oxide modified 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylates, propylene oxide-modified 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylates, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylates, polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylates, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate , Dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, Tris [(meth) acryloxyethyl] isocyanurate, caprolactone-modified tris [(meth) acryloxyethyl] isocyanurates, di-, tri- and tetrapropylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol propoxylate di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane monethoxytri (meth) acrylate, amine-modified polyether acrylates.

The molar mass of the compound (A) is in the range of 100 to 15,000 g / mol, preferably 100 to 10,000 g / mol, and more preferably 100 to 8,000 g / mol. The compound (A) provides in the radiation-curable binder according to the invention having barrier properties a proportion of 5 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 45 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 30 wt .-%.

Acrylated carboxylic acid-terminated polyesters, carboxylic acid-modified polybutadienes and acid-modified (meth) acrylates based on polyether polyols are preferably used as component (B). The latter are obtainable by reacting polyether polyols, such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, with aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid or phthalic acid, and (meth) acrylic acid.

In particular, the components (B) used are products which are disclosed in WO 01/16244 A1 and whose entire content is expressly included in the present patent application. Preferred commercial goal! available compounds which are used as component (B), from Cognis under the trade name PHOTOMER ^® 5429 F, 5432, 4173, 4149, 3038 or 4017, from BASF under the trade name Laromer PE 44F, PE 55F, PE 56F, 8800, 8981, 9004, at the company Cray Valley under the trade name Craynor 203, 293, 294 E, UVP 210, UVP 220 or the trade name Synocure AC 1007, at the company Rahn under the trade name Genomer 6043, 6050, in which Company UCB under the trade name Ebecryl 436, 438, 584, 586, 588 available.

The molar mass of the compound (B) is in the range of 100 to 15,000 g / mol, preferably 100 to 10,000 g / mol, and more preferably 100 to 8,000 g / mol. The compound (B) represents in the radiation-curable binder according to the invention having barrier properties a proportion of 5 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 60 wt .-%, particularly preferably 20 to 40 wt .-%.

As component (C), the binder may contain a nanoscale filler, which is preferably selected from the group: oxides, nitrides, halides, sulfides, carbides, tellurides, selenides of the second to fourth main group, the transition elements, the lanthanides and / or from Group of polyorganosiloxanes.

Nanoscale fillers are also referred to as nanodisperse fillers or "nanoparticles", since the smallest particles in the dispersion which form a rigid unit have an expansion of not more than 1000 nanometers in the number-weighted average of all particles in at least one direction which can be chosen for each particle (nm), preferably not more than 500 nm, and more preferably not more than 100 nm.

The nanoparticles have, for example, a spherical, rod-like, platelet-like structure or represent mixtures of different structures. The nanoparticles contained in the nanoscale filler preferably have in the number-weighted average sizes in the range of 1 to 40 nm, more preferably between 3 and 30 nm. The particle size is preferably determined by the U-PA method (Ultrafine Particle Analyzer), for example by the laser light scattering method, in order to prevent or avoid agglomeration or coalescence of the nanoparticles. can these are usually surface-modified or surface-coated. Such a method for producing agglomerate-free nanoparticles is given in columns 8 to 10 using the example of iron oxide particles in DE-A-19614136. Some possibilities for superficial coating of such nanoparticles to avoid agglomeration are given in DE-A-19726282. In a preferred embodiment of the invention nanoscale fillers are used whose smallest in the dispersion, a rigid unit-forming constituents in two mutually perpendicular, arbitrary directions each have an extension of at least ten times the size of the components in the direction with the smallest extension of the component exhibit. The thickness of these particles is preferably less than 10 nm. The nanoscale filler is selected from the group:

Oxides, nitrides, halides, sulfides, carbides, tellurides, selenides of the second to fourth main groups, the transition elements or the lanthanides, in particular oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, halides, carbides or mixed oxide / hydroxide / halogenite compounds of aluminum, silicon , Zirconium, titanium, tin, zinc, iron or (alkaline) alkali metals. These are essentially clays, for example aluminas, boehmite, bayerite, gibbsite, diaspore and the like. Suitable are phyllosilicates such as bentonite, montmorillonite, hydrotalcite, hectorite, kaolinite, boehmite, mica, vermiculite or mixtures thereof. Particular preference is given to using phyllosilicates, such as magnesium silicate or aluminum silicate, and montmorillonite, saponite, beidellite, nontronite, hectorite, stevensite, vermiculite, halloysite or their synthetic analogs. Of the modifications cristobalite, quartz and tridynite of the silica, quartz modification is preferred.

Furthermore, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium fluoride, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, cadmium selenide u. Ä. Suitable as nanoscale packing. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, component (C) is amorphous silica. As a method for measuring the nanoparticles, in particular the amorphous silicon dioxide particles, the neutron angle distribution (SANS srnaii angie neutron scattering) is used. This measuring method is familiar to the person skilled in the art and needs no further explanation here. The SANS measurement contains a particle size distribution curve in which the volume fraction of particles with corresponding size (diameter) is applied over the particle diameter. The mean particle size in the sense of the invention is defined as the peak of such a SANS distribution curve, that is to say the largest volume fraction with particles of corresponding diameter. The average particle size is preferably between 6 and 40 nm, more preferably between 8 and 30 nm, particularly preferably between 10 and 25 nm. The silicon dioxide particles are preferably substantially spherical.

The proportion of the nanoscale filler used as component (C) in the binder of the invention is 5 wt .-% to 50 wt .-%, preferably 20 to 45 wt .-% and particularly preferably 30 to 40 wt .-%.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the nanoscale filler is dispersed in a flowable phase, the flowable phase containing polymerizable monomers, oligomers and / or polymers. The flowable phase can consist of a mixture of components (A), (B) and (D), preferably the flowable phase is formed from component (A). The flowable phase used as dispersant is particularly preferably anhydrous, ie it contains only a small amount of water.

Processes for the preparation of such dispersions as well as silica dispersions themselves are disclosed in EP-A1-1236765, the entire contents of which are incorporated in the present patent application.

Commercially available dispersions of components (A) and (C) are available from Hanse Chemie under the tradename Nanocryl®. Applicable products are preferably Nanocryl® XP21 / 0746, XP21 / 0768, XP 21/0396, XP 21/1045 or XP 21/1515. The nanoscale filler described as component (C) is at least partially replaced by glass foam powder in the present invention.

In a further preferred embodiment, the binder contains at least one silicon-organic compound as component (D). From the group of usable as component (D) silicon-organic compounds as component (D1) at least one dreidimenslona! crosslinkable polyorganosiloxane, which after crosslinking has an average particle diameter in the range of 70 nm to 1000 nm used. Such polyorganosiloxanes are EP-B 1-0407834 on page 3, lines 43 to

Page 4, line 19 described.

In a preferred embodiment, component (D) is a component (D2)

Reaction product, preferably an esterification or transesterification product, of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid or derivatives thereof with a silane (e) which is characterized by the general formula (II):

YA-SK (Z) _n ) (T) ₃ H (II) with

Y = epoxy, -OH, -COOH, -SH, -NH _2, NHR "- group; R = linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated Ci-C ₈ alkyl; C ₅ -C ₈ - cycloalkyl, C ₆ -C ₀ aryl, _{_C7-Ci2} aralkyl; oxyalkylene radical having up to 4 C atoms, preferably - (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) _m -H and / or (CH ₂ -CH (CH ₃₎ -O) _m -H; a-Si ((Z) n) (X) _3-n; a substituted with alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl siloxane having about 1 to about 20 Si-atoms, a = a linear or branched , saturated or unsaturated alkylene group having 1 to 12 C atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 C atoms;

Z = C 1 -C ₈ -alkyl group, preferably C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl group;

T = -NH ₂ ; -NH-CO-R ⁵ , -OOC-R ⁵ ; -ON = C (R ⁵ ) ₂ or OR ⁶ ; R ⁵ = a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated Ci-Ci _δ -alkyl radical, preferably a methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl radical;

R ⁶ = R ⁵ , preferably a methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl radical; or an oxyalkylene radical having up to 4 carbon atoms, preferably - (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) _m -H and / or (CH ₂ -CH (CH ₃ ) -O) _m -H; a C ₅ -C ₈ cycloalkyl group; a C ₆ -C o-aryl radical or a C ₇ - C ₂ aralkyl; m = 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, particularly preferably 1 to 10; n = 0, 1 or 2.

Examples of compounds of formula (II) H ₂ N-CH ₂ -Si (OCH ₂ -CHs) _3, HO-CH ₂ - Si (OCH ₃₎ _3, HO- (CH ₂₎ _S -O-CH ₂ -Si (O-CHs) ₃ , HO-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O- CH ₂ -Si (OCHs) ₃ , (HO-C ₂ H ₄ ) ₂ N-CH ₂ -Si (O-CH ₃ ) ₃ , HO - ^^ - OVCs ^ -NfCHaVCHs-SK ^Q -GHsb, H ₂ N-CH ₂ -C ₆ H ₄ -CH ₂ -NH-CH ₂ -Si (O-CHs) ₃ , HS-CH ₂ - Si (O-CHs) ₃ , H ₂ N- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -NH-CH ₂ -Si (OCH ₃ ) ₃ , H ₂ N-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -NH-CH ₂ -Si (O-CH ₃ ) ₃ , HN - ((CH ₂ ) ₃ -Si (O-CH ₂ -CH ₃ ) ₃ ) ₂ , or CH ₃ - (CH ₂ ) ₃ - NH- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -Si (O-CH ₃ ) ₃ , H ₂ N- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -Si (OC ₂ H ₅ ) ₃ , H ₂ N-CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₂ -Si (O-CH ₃ ) ₃ , H ₂ N- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -Si (O-CH ₃ ) ₃ , H ₂ N-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si (O-CH ₃ ) S, (HO-C ₂ H ₄ ) ₂ N- (CH ₂₎ ₃ -Si (O- CH ₃₎ s, HO- (C ₂ H ₄ -O) ₃ -C ₂ H ₄ -N (CHs) - (CH ₂₎ S-Si (OC ₄ Hg) ₃ , H ₂ N-CH ₂ -C ₆ H ₄ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si (O-CHs) ₃ , H ₂ N- (CH ₂ ) S-NH- (CH ₂ ) S-Si ( O-CHs) ₃ , H ₂ N-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₂ -Si (OCH ₃ ) ₃ , H ₂ N- (CH ₂ ) ₂ -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -Si (O-CHs) ₃ , H ₂ N-CH (C ₂ Hs) -CH ₂ -Si (O-CHs) ₃ , H ₂ N-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si (OC ₂ Hs) ₃ , (HO-C ₂ H ₄ ) ₂ N- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -Si (OC ₂ H ₅ ) 3, H ₂ N-CH ₂ -C ₂ H ₄ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -Si (O-C ₂ Hs) ₃ , H ₂ N- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -Si (OC ₂ H ₅ ) s, H ₂ N-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₂ -Si (OC ₂ H ₅ ) ₃ , H ₂ N- (CH ₂ ) ₂ -NH- (CH ₂ ) ₃ -Si (OC ₂ H ₅ ) ₃ , and mixtures of two or more thereof. In the context of the present invention, as the silane of the general formula (II), preference is given to 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldimethoxyphenylsilane and 3-aminopropyldimethoxyethylsilane, in particular 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane or bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) amine, or mixtures thereof.

Commercially available silanes (e) are offered by the company. Dynamit Nobel under the name DYNASYLAN® ^®. These are alkoxysilane derivatives having two or three alkoxy radicals and one or two alkyl radicals to which functional groups may additionally be bonded, for example amino, mercapto, methacryloxy or a nitrile group or a halogen radical such as chlorine. Particular preference is given to using as component (D2) 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and / or allyltriethoxysilane. Component (D2) can be used alone or in admixture with component (D1).

In a further preferred embodiment, component (D) as component (D3) is a urethane group-containing silane having an isocyanate content <1% by weight of NCO, preferably <0.5% by weight of NCO and particularly preferably 0.1% by weight of NCO , Component (D3) can be used alone or in admixture with component (D 1) and / or component (D2).

Such urethane group-containing silanes are obtainable by reacting polyisocyanates (c) with silanes (e) of the general formula (II).

Component (D1), (D2) and / or (D3) are to 0.3 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.4 wt .-% to 15 wt .-% and particularly preferably to 0, 5 wt .-% contained. From the group of silicon-organic compounds which can be used as component (D), urethane group-containing silanes with at least one radiation-curable reactive group are used as component (D4) in a particularly preferred embodiment. Component (D4) is prepared by containing at least one polyisocyanate (c) with at least one compound (d) which contains both at least one NCO-reactive functional group and at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group and at least one Silane (e) of the formula (II) is implemented. Such methods are known to the person skilled in the art. For the purposes of the invention, unsymmetrical diisocyanates and / or polyurethane prepolymers with free NCO groups are preferably selected from the group of polyisocyanates (c).

Unsymmetrical diisocyanates have isocyanate groups in the molecule which differ in their reactivity. Preferred unsymmetrical diisocyanates are 2,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), the isomers of tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 1-isocyanatomethyl-3-isocyanato-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (IPDI). Information on the broad spectrum of suitable polyol and isocyanate components and processes for the preparation of polyurethane prepolymers can be found by the person skilled in the literature on polyurethane prepolymers, for example EP 150444, EP 0 590 398 or WO 99/24486.

A low-monomer polyurethane prepolymer is preferably used as the polyisocyanate (c), whereby in the context of the present invention a low concentration of the monomeric, in particular aromatic, diisocyanates in the PU prepolymer with free NCO groups is to be understood as meaning low in monomer so-called "residual monomers" is less than one, preferably between 0 and 0.5 wt .-%, more preferably between 0 and 0.2 wt .-%, based on the composition of the PU Prepoiymeren with free NCO groups. Low-monomer PU prepolymers with free NCO groups are known, for example, from DE 4136490, WO 01/40342 and WO-97/46603 and expressly the subject of this invention.

The functional group reactive with an NCO group is a group having an active hydrogen atom which can be determined by the Zerewittinoff test and bonded to an N, O or S atom. These include, in particular, the hydrogen atoms of water, carboxy, amino, imino, hydroxy, and thiol groups. Preference is given to using as compound (d) which contains at least one NCO-reactive functional group and at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group, a (meth) acrylate of the general formula (III): H ₂ C = CR ¹ -C (= O) -OR ² -Y (III) with:

Y = an NCO-reactive group, preferably OH, COOH, SH, NH ₂ , NHR ³ ;

R ¹ = H ₁ CH ₃ ;

2 R = saturated or unsaturated linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 21 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with functional groups, for example with a phenoxy or acetoxy group; preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular an ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, n-butylene, isobutylene group, or a C ₂ -C ₄ -alkylene oxide group, preferably an ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide group, more preferably one

Ethylene oxide group having 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units and / or a propylene oxide group having 1 to 7 propylene oxide units;

R ³ = linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1 -C ₈ -alkyl radical; Cs-Cs-cycloalkyl, C ₆ -C ₁₀ -aryl, C ₇ -C ₁₂ -aralkyl.

The preparation of such (meth) acrylates of the general formula (III) is known to the person skilled in the art.

Hydroxy (meth) acrylates (Y = OH) are preferably used as (meth) acrylates of the general formula (III), for example: 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate , 6-hydroxyhexyl acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol acrylate, polyethylene glycol methacrylate, polypropylene glycol acrylate and polypropylene glycol methacrylate, glycerol mono (meth) acrylate, 1,3-glycerol di (meth) acrylate, 3-phenoxy-2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-thioxy 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-acetoxy-2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3 - [(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl) oxy] propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid , 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate. The hydroxy acrylates or methacrylates are used individually or in a mixture.

The amounts of the polyisocyanate (c) and (meth) acrylate of the general formula (III) can be selected in a wide range. Thus, the ratio of the NCO group of the polyisocyanate (c) to the NCO group-reactive group Y of the (meth) acrylate of the general formula (III) can be between 0.6: 1 to 20: 1.

The ratio NCO: Y is preferably 1, 2: 1 to 10: 1.

The molar mass of the reaction product of polyisocyanate (c) with compound

(d) which contains both at least one NCO-reactive functional group and at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group is between 100 g / mol and 10,000 g / mol, preferably between 110 g / mol and 6000 g / mol and more preferably between 120 g / mol and 4000 g / mol.

The NCO value of the reaction product of polyisocyanate (c) with compound (d), which contains both at least one NCO-reactive functional group and at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group, is between 2% by weight and 30% by weight .-%, preferably between 5 wt .-% and

25% by weight (determined according to Spiegelberger).

For the preparation of component (D4) it is possible to use both mixtures of polyisocyanates (c) and / or mixtures of silane (s).

The reaction of the polyisocyanate component (c) with the silane (e) is carried out in a molar NCO / Y ratio of 1: 0.01 to 1, preferably 1: 0.05 to 0.7 and particularly preferably 1: 0, 1 to 0.4.

The reaction product of the polyisocyanate component (c) and the silane (e) has an NCO value of 1-30%, preferably 10-28%, particularly preferably 15-25%, determined according to Spiegelberger and has a molar mass of 100 g / mol to 1000 g / mol. Processes for the preparation of such reaction products and the reaction products themselves are disclosed in DE-A1-10162642.

For the preparation of component (D4), the at least one polyisocyanate (c) which contains at least one compound (d) which contains both at least one functional group reactive with NGO groups and at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group and at least one Silane (s) in a so-called "one-pot reaction" reacted with each other However, reaction can also take place in stages, that is, in a first stage, (c) is reacted with (d) or (e) and in a second stage, (e) or (d) is further reacted with the corresponding reaction product from the first stage , At the end of the reaction, component (D4) has a content of free monomeric polyisocyanate of <0.05% by weight, based on the total weight of component (D4).

In order to stably mix the component (D) with the binder according to the invention, it should not contain any groups reactive with the other constituents under storage conditions. In particular, it should be free from isocyanate groups.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a reaction on the surface of component (C) with component (D) in the presence of a metal compound of the formula (IV): MR ⁹ _X (IV) as component (E).

The metal M of this compound is selected from those elements of the main and subgroups of the periodic table which may formally exist in the oxidation state 3 or 4. It preferably means Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Zr, B or Al. Depending on valence, x = 3 or 4.

The group R ⁹ , which may be the same or different, is selected from halogen, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl and hydroxyl. Since many metal compounds having the formal oxidation state 3 or 4 may also be present as complexes with a multiplicity of ligands, the binder may instead or in addition, however, also contain compounds in which part or all of the groups R ^{9 of} the formula (IV) are replaced by one or more ligands L which are more strongly bonded to the metal M than the group R ⁹ . Compounds of this type are described, for example, in DE 10044216 A1 (page 4, lines 1 to 31). Suitable metal compounds are also known as "coupling agents" and are one or more metal centers such as Si, Ti, Zr or Al bonded to functional organic groups.

Corresponding titanium, zirconium or aluminum compounds are described, for example, in DE 4128743 C2 on pages 7 and 8, where r = 0 applies to the Zr and Ti compounds. Preference is given to using as component (E) tetrabutyl titanate, tin (II) octanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, tetraethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane. Further metal compounds (IV) which can preferably be used as component (E) are described in EP 1342742 A1 on page 5, lines 28 to 52. Commercially available are titanates from the company Kenrich Petrochemicals, Inc. Available under the name "KR" or "LICA" substances. Similar to the silanes mentioned above, these reagents are compounds with alkoxy radicals and optionally additionally substituted by functional groups radicals which are bonded to the metal center via oxygen. The functional groups are, for example, amino, mercapto or hydroxyl groups.

Suitable zirconate compounds are, for example, the compounds obtainable as "KZ" or "LZ" reagents from Kenrich Petrochemicals, Inc., optionally with amino or mercapto groups. Component (E) is used in the binder according to the invention to 0 to 12 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 wt .-% to 10 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 1 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%, based on the total amount of the components used. The reaction takes place in particular under the action of water, d. H. In particular, after application as an adhesive, moisture can penetrate into the adhesive and then ensure chemical crosslinking between the components C and D and, if necessary, E.

The triggering of the poly-reaction of the radiation-curable groups can be effected by UV, electron beams, visible light, but also IR radiation. In the case of electron or UV irradiation, the desired product properties are set via the radiation dose, with IR radiation via the product temperature and the residence time. The course of the photochemical curing can be investigated by IR spectroscopy (intensity and relation of the C = C and C = O bands). Within the scope of the invention, irradiation with UV light or with electron beams is preferred. In the event that the radiation-curable binder according to the invention with barrier properties are polymerized under UV irradiation so !!, in the binder composition at least one photoinitiator (F) is included. Preference is given to using a photoinitiator (F) which, when irradiated with light of a wavelength of about 215 to about 480 nm, is capable of producing a radical Initiate polymerization of olefinically unsaturated double bonds. In the context of the present invention, all commercially available photoinitiators which are compatible with the binder according to the invention, ie at least substantially homogeneous mixtures, are suitable for use as photoinitiator (F).

For example, these are all Norrish-Type I fragmenting substances. Examples include benzophenone, camphorquinone, Quantacure (manufacturer: International Bio-Synthetics), Kayacure MBP (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku), Esacure BO (manufactured by Fratelli Lamberti), Trigonal 14 (manufacturer: Akzo), photoinitiators of the Irgacure ^® - or Darocur ^® - series (Ciba), for example Darocur ^® 1173 and / or Fi-4 (manufacturer: Eastman). Particularly suitable are including Irgacure ^® 651, Irgacure ^® 369, Irgacure ^® 184, Irgacure ^® 907, Irgacure ^® 784, Irgacure 500, Irgacure 1000, Darocur IVIBF, Irgacure 1300, Darocur 4265, Darocur TPO, Irgacure 819 and 918 DW, Irgacure 2022 or Irgacure ^® 2959 or mixtures of two or more thereof. Also suitable are phosphine oxide compounds (Lucirin TPO, manufacturer: BASF AG), which can also be used in admixture with one or more of the above-mentioned photoinitiators.

The binder of the invention having barrier properties contains the photoinitiator (F) in an amount of 0 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, more preferably 1 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount the binder composition.

Optionally, the binder of the invention may contain additives (G), which may have a proportion of up to about 50 wt .-% of the total binder. The additives (G) which can be used in the context of the present invention include, for example, plasticizers, catalysts, stabilizers, dispersants, antioxidants, dyes and other agents for influencing the flowability of the dispersion of component (C) in component (A), (B) or ( D) or in a mixture of these components.

The binder with barrier properties preferably contains I) 5 to 80 wt .-%, preferably up to 60 wt .-%, in particular up to 45 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 30 wt .-% at least one in the range of 18 ⁰ C to 100 ⁰ C, preferably 20 ⁰ C to 80 ⁰ C, flowable compound having at least one radiation-curable reactive functional group as component (A);

II) 1 to 70 wt .-%, preferably about 5 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 60 wt .-%, more preferably 30 to 40 wt .-% of at least one compound having at least one curable by irradiation reactive functional group and at least a COOH group as component (B);

III) 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 20 to 45 wt .-%, particularly preferably 30 to 40 wt .-%, at least one nanoscale filler as component (C), which is preferably selected from the group: oxides, nitrides , Halides, sulfides, carbides, tellurides, selenides of the second to fourth main group, the

Transition elements, the lanthanides and / or from the group of polyorganosiloxanes.

IV) 0 to 50 wt .-%, preferably, 0.3 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 30 wt .-% of at least one silicon-organic compound as component (D),

V) 0 to 12 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 5 wt .-% of a metal compound of the formula (IV)

MR _x ⁹ (V) with M = Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Zr, B, Al, X = 3 or 4,

R ⁹ = halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarboxyl group, where the radical R may be the same or different, as component (E),

VI) 0 to 15 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 5 wt .-% of a photoinitiator as component (F), VII) 0 to 50 wt .-% additives as a component (G), selected from the

Group of plasticizers, catalysts, stabilizers, dispersants, antioxidants, dyes, fillers and agents for influencing the flowability of the dispersion of component (C) in component (A), (B) or (D) or in a mixture of these components, wherein the sum of said components gives 100 wt .-%.

In a particular embodiment, the binder contains barrier properties 10 to 50 wt .-%, particularly preferably 15 to 40 wt .-%, of the organosilicon compound as component (D4), wherein component (D4) is obtainable by reacting

(i) a low-monomer polyurethane prepolymer having free NCO groups as polyisocyanate (a), wherein the monomer-poor polyurethane prepolymer a

Addition product is from at least one polyisocyanate of the group IPDI,

MDI or TDI and at least one polyol having a molar mass of 150 g / mol to 2000 g / mol; and at least

(ii) a hydroxyacrylate selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate,

Hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate, and at least (iii) a compound of the formula: where Y = an NCO-reactive group, preferably one

-OH, -COOH, -SH, -NH ₂ , NHR "- group;

R = linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1 -C ₈ -alkyl; C ₅ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, C ₆ -C _O aryl, C ₇ -C ₂ aralkyl; Oxyalkylenrest with up to 4 C-atoms, preferably - (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) ₀₁ -H and / or (CH ₂ - CH (CH ₃ ) -O) _m -H; A-Si ((Z) _n ) (X) _3-n ; one with alkyl, cycloalkyl or

Aryl groups substituted siloxane radical having from about 1 to about 20 Si atoms;

A = a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene group having 1 to 12 C atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 C atoms

Z = C 1 -C ₈ -alkyl group, preferably C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl group; T = -NH ₂ ; -NH-CO-R ⁵ ; -OOC-R ^5; -ON = C (R ⁵ ) ₂ or OR ⁶ ; R ⁵ = a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1 -C 18

Alkyl radical, preferably a methyl, ethyl-propyl or iso-propyl radical; R ⁶ = R ⁵ , preferably a methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl radical; or a

Oxyalkylene group with up to 4 C-atoms, preferably - (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OZm-H and / or (CH ₂ -CH (CH ₃₎ -O) _m -H, a C ₅ -C ₈ cycloalkyl radical; a C ₆ -C ₀ - aryl or C ₇ -C ₂ aralkyl; m = 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, particularly preferably 1 to 10; n = 0, 1 or 2.

The monomer-poor polyurethane prepolymer of step (i) contains less than 0.5 wt .-%, preferably less than 0.3 and particularly preferably less than 0.1 wt .-% of free monomeric polyisocyanate of the group IPDI, MDI or TDI. ₁ based on the total amount of PU prepolymer. The isocyanate groups present during the reaction of the components i, ii, iii to react to D4. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the components (D1), (D2) and / or (D3) to 0.3 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.4 wt .-% to 15 wt. -%, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total composition of components (I) to (VII). The radiation-curable binder according to the invention having barrier properties may, depending on the required field of application, still contain up to 60% by weight of an inert solvent. Suitable solvents are in principle all solvents known to those skilled in the art, in particular esters, ketones, halogenated hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples of such solvents are methylene chloride, trichlorethylene, toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, methoxybutyl acetate, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, dichlorobenzene, diethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, dioxane, ethyl acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate,

Glycol diacetate, heptane, hexane, isobutyl acetate, isooctane, isopropyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran or tetrachlorethylene or mixtures of two or more of said solvents.

The preparation of the radiation-curable binder according to the invention having barrier properties can be carried out by customary techniques known to the person skilled in the art in the context of the preparation of polymeric mixtures.

The curing of the binder leads to block-resistant, ie non-adhesive and especially scratch-resistant coatings, fillers or sealants with flexible properties or surface tacky adhesives. The radiation-curable binders according to the invention having barrier properties can therefore be used as coating compositions, fillers, sealants or adhesives and are distinguished as adhesive sealant, or fillers with barrier properties to CO ₂ , O ₂ , N ₂ , gas mixtures, for example from CO ₂ and N ₂ , water vapor and flavorings.

In principle, the radiation-curable binder according to the invention having barrier properties can be used for filling, sealing, coating and bonding a wide variety of materials. The materials include, for example, wood, metal, glass, vegetable fibers, stone, paper, cellulose hydrate, plastics such as polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, copolymers of vinyl acetate olefins, polyamides, or metal foils, for example of aluminum, Lead or copper.

The radiation curable binder of the present invention having barrier properties can be applied to the substrate by any suitable method, such as spraying, knife coating, 3-4 roll applicators in the case of using a solventless binder, or 2 roll applicators in the case of using a solventborne binder.

The radiation-curable binder with barrier properties is suitable for coating substrates of glass, metal, plastic, paper, ceramic, etc. by immersion, pouring, brushing, spraying, electrostatic spraying, electrodeposition coating, etc. The binders are optical, optoelectrical, in particular for the coating or electronic article suitable and for coating containers for fuels and heating fuels.

With the radiation-curable binder adhesives are provided with barrier properties, which are preferably suitable for the production of film composites. By a content of less than 0.05 wt .-% of monomeric polyisocyanate, the binder is particularly suitable for flexible film composites, which are used in food packaging.

Another object of the present invention is therefore also a process for the production of film composites of at least two identical or different plastic films, by the partial or full surface bonding of Films are available, using the radiation-curable binder according to the invention with barrier properties.

The application of the binder to the films to be bonded can be done with usually used for such purposes machines, for example, with conventional laminating machines. Particularly suitable is the application of the binder in the liquid state to a film to be bonded to a laminate, for example a film made of plastic or metal. The viscosity of the binder is selected to have a viscosity of from about 1000 mPa.s to about 5000 mPa.s (as measured by Brookfield, Digital Viscosimeter RVT DV-II, spindle 27) at typical processing temperatures. Typical processing temperatures are, for example, from about 25 ^° C. to about 75 ^° C. in the manufacture of flexible packaging films, from about 70 to about 90 ^° C. in the lamination of high-gloss films, and from about 80 to about 130 ^° C. in textile applications. The coated with the solvent-containing radiation-curable binder with barrier properties film is first dried in a drying tunnel at 40 to 120 ⁰ C, then with at least one other film, optionally under pressure, laminated and then irradiated. The solvent-free binder eliminates the drying step. The radiation-curable binder with barrier properties gains in molecular weight by the irradiation and the crosslinking reaction associated therewith, thereby has more cohesion and has an adhesive surface. If the irradiation takes place by means of UV light, the binder used according to the invention contains at least one photoinitiator as component (F). The method described can be repeated several times, so that film composites can be made, which consist of more than two bonded layers.

The process according to the invention can be carried out under a protective gas atmosphere, that is to say in the presence of inert gases such as nitrogen. However, it is also advantageously possible to carry out the reaction under standard atmosphere, as is typically the case in the production halls.

Another object of the invention is a composite film prepared using the binder. The composite film is particularly suitable as a barrier film for packaging food. In the practice of Food packaging is called barrier film when the

Oxygen permeability Q (O ₂ ) <100 cm ³ / (m ² x day x bar) and the

Water vapor permeability Q (H ₂ O) <10 g / (m ² xday) at 23 ⁰ C and 85% rel. Moisture is (Delventhal, Verpackungs-Rundschau 3/1991, page 19-23).

The polymer present as a binder in the adhesive, sealing or coating material according to the invention advantageously corresponds to the general formula (I) according to a further embodiment.

where R is an organic skeleton,

A is a carboxy, carbamate, carbonate, ureido, urethane or sulfonate bond or an oxygen atom, R ^{1 is} an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms or OR ² , R ^{2 is} an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms or an acyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, R ^{3 is} a straight-chain or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene radical having 1 to 8 C atoms, y = 0 to 2, z = 3-y and n = 1 to 10000, wherein the silyl radicals may be the same or different and in the case of multiple radicals R ¹ and R ^2, these may each be the same or different.

The organic skeleton is advantageously selected from the group comprising alkyd resins, oil-modified alkyd resins, unsaturated polyesters, natural oils, eg. As linseed oil, tung oil, soybean oil, as well as epoxies, polyamides, thermoplastic polyesters such. As polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonates, polyethylenes, polybutylenes, polystyrenes, polypropylenes, Ethylenpropylenco- and terpolymers, acrylates, for. B. homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid, acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, their salts and the like, phenolic resins, Polyoxymethylenhomo- and copolymers, polyurethanes, polysulfones, polysulfide rubbers, nitrocellulose, vinyl butyrates, vinyl polymers, eg. Vinyl chloride and / or vinyl acetate-containing polymers, ethyl cellulose, ceulose acetate and butyrate, rayon, shellac, waxes, ethylene copolymers such as e.g. Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene acrylate copolymers, organic rubbers, silicone resins and the like. Other examples include Polyethers such as polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide and polytetrahydrofuran, polyol, poly (meth) acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol. Of the polymer backbones mentioned, polyethers, polyesters, polyurethanes and polyols are particularly preferred.

Further advantageous compositions are physically setting adhesives, sealants and coating materials. Physically setting adhesives, sealants and coating materials are understood, for example, as meaning Dispersion adhesives, solvent adhesives and hot melt adhesives.

Dispersion adhesives are usually prepared by combining polymer dispersions, e.g. Polyvinyl acetate and Polyacrylatdisversionen produced.

A preferred composition comprises an aqueous dispersion of copolymers of styrene or alpha-methylstyrene with dienes or acrylic derivatives from the group of styrene-butadiene, styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-alkyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene-alkyl acrylate and methacrylate, styrene-maleic anhydride, styrene-acrylonitrile methyl acrylate; Blends of high impact strength from styrene copolymers and another polymer, e.g. a polyacrylate, a diene polymer or an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer; and block copolymers of styrene, e.g. Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-isoprene-styrene, styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene or styrene-ethylene / propylene-styrene.

A preferred composition further comprises at least one aqueous emulsion of natural or synthetic rubbers such as natural rubber latex or latices of carboxylated styrene-butadiene copolymers. According to the invention, this preferred composition can be used alone as a so-called 100% system or dispersed in water or dissolved in a solvent.

Another preferred composition comprises polymers derived from alpha, beta-unsaturated acids and their derivatives, such as polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, polyacrylamides and polyacrylonitriles. This preferred Composition can be used according to the invention alone as a 100% system or dispersed in water or dissolved in a solvent.

Another preferred composition comprises halogen-containing polymers, e.g. Polychloroprene, chlorinated rubber, chlorinated or chlorosulfonated polyethylene,

Copolymers of ethylene and chlorinated ethylene, epichlorohydrin homo- and copolymers, especially polymers of halogen-containing vinyl compounds, e.g. Polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride; as well as their copolymers, such as vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride vinyl acetate. This preferred composition can be used according to the invention alone as a 100% system or dispersed in water or dissolved in a solvent.

The composition of the invention may further contain fillers, e.g. Chalk, talc, barite, gypsum, titanium dioxide, and further plasticizers such as e.g. Phthalic acid esters, adipates, benzoates, citrates, alkylbenzenes and furthermore resins such as e.g. Rosin, rosin esters, KW resins, abietol and also solvents such as e.g. Acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene, benzone, cyclohexane, THF.

Claims

claims:

1. as adhesives or sealants or coating materials suitable chemically or physically curable compositions containing at least one binder selected from the group consisting of crosslinkable or polymerizable monomers, prepolymers or polymers and at least one filler, characterized in that the filler 0.2 is up to 70% by weight based on the total weight of the compositions and at least a part of the filler consists of glass particles having a particle size of 100 nm to 20 μm, obtained by comminution of foamed neutral or acidic glass or consisting of flat glass platelets, which have been produced from a molten glass in a vacuum, wherein the molten glass has been driven outwards in a rotating crucible and has decayed to platelets on cooling or consists of fused silica or consists of flake-shaped glass particles, obtained by drawing a glass capillary and chopping the cooled capillary or consisting of glass particles obtained by processing molten glass into thin layers, hollow spheres or tubes, and crushing the layers, hollow spheres or tubes after cooling ,

2. Compositions according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the glass particles is chemically modified.

3. Compositions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they contain as crosslinkable monomers 2-cyanoacrylic acid ester.

4. Compositions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they contain as binder a polyurethane binder based on at least one polyisocyanate and at least one polyol and / or polyamine.

5. Compositions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they contain as binder a dispersion based on polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate, polybutadiene styrene, polyvinylidene, polyurethane, polychloroprene, rubber, vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymers, maleate or polyolefins.

6. Compositions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they contain a hot melt adhesive as a binder.

7. Compositions according to claim 6, characterized in that the hot melt adhesive is selected from the group consisting of pressure-sensitive

Adhesives, polyolefins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyamides, polyurethanes, silane-terminated polyurethanes and silane-terminated polyamides.

8. Compositions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they contain as binders epoxy resins.

9. Compositions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they contain as binders silicones, silane-curing polymers, modified silicones (MS polymers), polysulfides, polyurethanes, rubber, polyacrylates, dispersion sealants, polyvinyl chloride and / or other plastisols.

10. Compositions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they contain as binder a two-component polyurethane binder and in addition to the glass particles as further filler wood particles and / or cellulose-containing material.