EP1789196B1 - Blade carrier for comminuting devices - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a crushing device, comprising a toothed body which can be fastened on a comminution cylinder and at least one knife.

Such knife bodies are known. They are used in crushers, especially in waste crushers for waste processing or the like. For a wide variety of shredding tasks, a wide variety of knives are required. The knives also differ according to which material must be shredded in their shape and the material from which they are made. For a change of the knife different technical solutions are known.

So it is known to form the knife carrier according to the required knife shape. This requires a knife carrier change when switching to other knives. Since the wear on the knives and on the knife carriers is very high, this regularly causes difficulties. The cost of a conversion is extensive and causes high costs.

It is also known to provide the rollers for use with different knives with respective blade carriers and to change the rollers for changed shredding tasks. This variant is very expensive.

It is also known to provide roller segments on roller bodies and equip them with knife carriers. The respective roller segments are to be changed for a change of the crushing task. Again, very high expenses for this change.

From the publication DE 200 21 216 U1 a milling tooth for a crushing machine is known, which is at least partially form-fitting fastened to a Fräszahnhalter a crushing machine.

From the document G 94 02 062.0 a multi-part crushing slag for organic waste materials is known, in which the cutting part is positively and non-positively connected via a screw or clamp connection with a holder.

From the publication EP 1 304 169 A2 For example, a commercial waste crusher is known in which crushing tools are provided on a crushing roll. Again, the knives are positively and non-positively attached to a knife carrier.

The publication WO 94/14540 relates to a crushing disk for a crushing roll of a crushing device, comprising a base body, and having at least one fang, wherein in the region of each fang an undercut recess is provided in which a replaceable cutting insert is fixed with a pointing in the direction of rotation cutting edge in working position.

The disadvantages described above are given in the same way in the solutions known from the publications.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a crushing device, which simplifies the change of the blades when changing the crushing task and the wear of the knife, allows for lower costs and minimizes the wear of the knife.

The object of the invention is achieved by a comminuting device consisting of a toothed body which can be fastened to a comminuting roller or the like and at least one knife, wherein the knife can be arranged on the toothed body in a form-fitting manner, a knife receptacle being provided on the toothed body and the knife receptacle being formed as a recess is and seen laterally has the shape of a J and the recess is wedge-shaped or conical, preferably designed to leak outwards, so the recessed surfaces arise. Due to the design of the knife carrier as a toothed body of a knife receives a positive fit, several advantages are obtained simultaneously.

Thus, the effort for a blade change is greatly facilitated and thus reduced. The knives can be inserted in a very simple manner in the tooth body and remove again. Due to the positive arrangement in the recess, a centering of the knife on the tooth body is also given at the same time. The use of different knives is now given according to the invention. It is only necessary to form the positive connection of the blade and the tooth body correspondingly. The cutting itself can be formed in various designs of the form and the material ago. A change of the tooth body itself or a change of the rollers or roller segments, as described in the prior art is no longer necessary. Thus, the use of the crushing device itself is much more variable and cheaper. The wear and the life of the knife and the tooth body is increased to a considerable extent, because the knife is now supported in the recess on the recessed surfaces, since it is formed corresponding thereto.

The variant of the positive attachment of the knife offers the advantage of an additional attachment option for the knife. Because the knives are regular are exposed to very high loads, additional security is created with this attachment.

A comminuting device according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the knife is detachably fixed to the toothed body. The releasably fixed arrangement provides further advantages, in particular with regard to the operating convenience.

According to the invention, it has also been found that it can be advantageous if a blade receptacle is provided into which at least a part of the blade can be inserted. Thus, all applicable knife shapes are bound to the shape of the knife holder. However, a change of the knife is greatly facilitated and the change time is shortened.

It may be advantageous if the blade receptacle is arranged at the front end of the tooth body in the cutting direction. Of course, it is also possible to provide other locations on the tooth body for the arrangement of the blade holder. However, the arrangement as described above has also proved to be favorable for the design of the individual types of knives.

The blade holder is formed according to a variant of the invention as a recess and has laterally the shape of a J on. The J-shape has the advantage that it is easy to insert the knife into the blade holder. The J-shape ensures the form-fitting with self-adjustment in a very impressive manner.

A further optimization of the adjustment and the positive connection is achieved according to a development of the invention in that the recess has a nose at the front end seen in the cutting direction.

Advantageously, the nose of the recess is cylindrical in shape:

A comminution device, as described above, is preferably characterized in that the recess is wedge-shaped or conical, preferably outwardly is formed expiring, such that recessed surfaces arise. These surfaces provide further optimization of the centering behavior of the knife when the knife has corresponding surfaces.

Another preferred aspect of the crushing device according to the invention is specified in that a part of the toothed body is designed as a supporting body. This part also serves to center the blade, but in particular also the better load distribution of forces acting on the blade during the cutting or crushing process forces.

It is also advantageous if wedge-shaped or conically outwardly extending support surfaces are provided on the side facing the blade of the support body. These support surfaces also serve to improve the self-adjustment of the knife when inserting to the other, however, also the optimization of the load distribution.

An embodiment of the comminuting device according to the invention therefore provides that the toothed body and the knife have a mutually corresponding shape. The resulting advantages have already been described.

According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the toothed body is fastened on or to the comminution roller of the comminuting device by welding. However, the invention is not limited to welding as a mounting option. Rather, it is possible to arrange the tooth body with a variety of fastening means or methods on the crushing roller. By way of example screw, wedge, tongue and groove connection or the like are called.

According to a further variant, the invention is characterized in that the toothed body can be arranged on the comminution roller and can be arranged on the comminution roller in an offset manner, in particular at an angle to one another. The angularly offset arrangement offers several advantages. For example, the load distribution during crushing is optimized and created the opportunity, the tooth body to be arranged in a spiral on the roller, whereby optimum crushing performances are positively influenced.

One aspect of the invention is according to a development characterized in that the toothed body has a centering device for centering on the roller on the underside or on the side facing the comminution cylinder.

A comminution device, as described above, is further preferably characterized in that the centering device of the toothed body is designed as a groove or spring which cooperates with a spring or groove provided on the comminuting roller in a corresponding and positive manner. In order for the attachment and or fixing the tooth body is much easier. The adjustment of the tooth body on the roller body of the crushing roller is done automatically. Even if welding is subsequently carried out, no message is required.

According to the invention, it is furthermore preferably provided that toothed bodies and knives have fastening means by means of which they can be firmly connected to one another in a detachable manner.

It is also advantageous if the fastening means is indicated by at least one screw which is guided by holes in the tooth body and in the knife. It has proved to be particularly advantageous to provide counter to the cutting direction nuts to simplify a later release. If a threaded hole is used for the screw connection, it can cause difficulties in loosening the connection by preventing the screw from turning in the thread. A rear protruding nut can be blown up in such a case or is very easy to remove by cutting or cutting by hand, for example.

The bore has according to a preferred variant for the fastener a diameter of 23 cm, in which a matching screw can be inserted.

It has also been found that it is favorable if the toothed body and / or the knife were obtained from metal, preferably as a cast element. This considerably simplifies the production of such elements. Also, different shapes can be easily realized.

It is also advantageous if the side surfaces of the tooth body run out obliquely upwards, taper off, or leak out to the outer radius. This has a favorable effect on the cutting behavior.

It is also preferably provided that the toothed body is formed narrower in the direction opposite to the cutting direction than at the cutting edge.

A further development of the shredding device according to the invention provides that the outer radius of the toothed body intersects with the outer radius of the shredding roller at its side facing away from the blade receiving side.

This radius is preferably adaptable to different tooth heights. This means that when using different teeth with altered tooth heights, the radius is adjusted accordingly to obtain the favorable cutting and supporting properties of the tooth.

The shredding device according to the invention is also provided as a training so that the blade holder is designed such that knives with different blade shapes, for example triangular, rectangular or polygonal knives can be used or fastened.

It is also advantageous if the knife is designed as a tooth.
According to the invention, the tooth has a cutting edge and is concave on the side pointing in the cutting direction.

Also, according to an advantageous variant of the invention, the tooth is provided on the side facing away from the tooth body with a radius which preferably intersects the radius of the roller or of the roller body.

A development of the comminution device provides that a support area is provided on the tooth, which is supported on the support body of the tooth body. As already described, this leads to an improvement in the self-alignment of the tooth on the tooth body.

Also on the support region of the tooth conical or wedge-shaped extending support surfaces are provided, which cooperate with the support surfaces of the tooth body.

Preferably, the tooth is wider than the tooth body formed, such that a free cut is formed. This reduces the wear on the tooth body and improves the overall cutting behavior.

A further development of the invention provides that the tooth is designed to be conical or wedge-shaped on the sides facing the tooth body, corresponding to the recess surfaces and the support surfaces, such that self-centering takes place through the positive connection during the attachment of the tooth. The effect of this variant has already been described above.

A crushing device, as described above, is characterized according to a development of the solution according to the invention characterized in that two facing the tooth body and down to the recess oriented sides are formed as Ausnehmungsgegenflächen and the inclination of these surfaces corresponds to those of the recessed surfaces. This ensures self-centering in this area.

It is further provided according to the invention that two pointing to the tooth body, horizontally oriented sides are formed as supporting counter-surfaces and the inclination of these surfaces corresponds to those of the support surfaces. In order to it is ensured that in the area of the support surfaces a positive and self-centering connection is obtained.

Another means that serves both the self-centering and the better support of the forces registered on the tooth is, according to a development, effected by two of the sides facing the top surfaces as essay counter surfaces. Also, the counter-facing surfaces have a corresponding to the attachment surfaces inclination and therefore also serve the support and self-centering in this area.

According to the invention, it has been found that it is advantageous if the size of the tooth is variable. In particular, the height between the tip of the blade and the outer radius of the crushing roller is measured. The size of the tooth is now selectable due to different crushing tasks. This means that comminution rollers are held with different teeth or, in the case of larger comminution orders, the teeth on the comminution cylinder itself can be changed. The height of the teeth is then adapted to the respective crushing task. The height of the tooth is preferably between 100 mm and 200 mm.

Of course, it is also provided according to the invention that the tooth has an attached cutting edge, which is preferably formed from hard metal. The life of such teeth is significantly higher than that of normal materials, such as cast iron or tool steel.

It is also favorable if the tooth has at least one hardened region on the edges pointing in the cutting direction.
The hardened area (s) are obtained, for example, by cladding or welding.

Another aspect of the invention is characterized in that the tooth is formed in two parts. The two-part tooth is preferably formed by a first cutting body and a second cutting body.

In this case, the first cutting body is flat or planar on the side facing the second cutting body.

A development is characterized in that the second cutting body is plate-shaped and provided with an opening which, when installed, comprises the nose of the tooth body.

The second cutting body of the two-part tooth is preferably designed as a removable plate, which, according to an advantageous development, has a thickness of 20 mm. The interchangeable plate has the shape of a triangle which can be set up substantially horizontally on one of the edges and which is preferably flattened on the upper side in the installed position. The flattening is done such that the removable disk then has a trapezoidal shape. Of course, other flattening possibilities according to the invention are encompassed by this variant of the invention. Thus, it is possible, for example, the flattening round, preferably concave form. Of course, a convex rounding of the removable plate is provided in its upper tip portion according to an embodiment.

A crushing device, as described above, according to one embodiment, characterized by a plurality of knife carriers, which are arranged on the crushing roller, in particular offset from one another.

The invention will be further described by means of embodiments.

Fig. 1

Eine dreidimensionale Darstellung einer Ausführungsform eines Zahnkörpers nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht des Zahnkörpers nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine dreidimensionale Darstellung einer Variante eines als Zahn ausgebildeten Messers,

Fig. 4

Seitenansicht der Fig. 3 im Schnitt,

Fig. 5

eine Unteransicht der Fig. 3,

Fig. 6

eine weitere Ansicht des Zahnes nach der Fig. 3.

Fig. 7a u. b

verschiedene Ansichten einer Ausführungsform für einen Zahn nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 8a - e

verschiedene Ansichten einer Variante einer Ausführungsform mit einem zweiteilig ausgebildeten Zahn,

Fig. 9 u. 10

Varianten von Zahnkörpern mit unterschiedlich ausgebildeten Zähnen.

Show it:

Fig. 1

A three-dimensional representation of an embodiment of a tooth body according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a side view of the tooth body after Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

a three-dimensional representation of a variant of a knife formed as a tooth,

Fig. 4

Side view of the Fig. 3 on average,

Fig. 5

a bottom view of the Fig. 3 .

Fig. 6

another view of the tooth after the Fig. 3 ,

Fig. 7a u. b

different views of an embodiment for a tooth according to the invention,

Fig. 8a - e

different views of a variant of an embodiment with a two-part tooth,

Fig. 9 u. 10

Variants of tooth bodies with differently shaped teeth.

The FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional representation of an embodiment of a tooth body 1 according to the invention. This is designed so that it can be placed on an unillustrated crushing roller of a crushing device. At its side pointing in the cutting direction is a knife holder 3. The knife holder 3 is formed as a recess 4 and has a J-shape. Thus, in the simplest embodiment of the invention, a positive connection between the blade holder 3 and a usable in this, not shown here knife 2. The blade holder 3 has on its outwardly facing sides Ausnehmungsflächen 4/1, 4/2, which are wedge-shaped outwardly formed running. The invention can be realized according to a variant, not shown, but also with inwardly extending recess surfaces. At the front expiring end of the recess a nose 7 is provided, which causes a further optimization of the positive connection, but also a distribution of the male loads. In the rear, upper part of the recess 4 close to support surfaces 5/1, 5/2, which cause a support of the blade 2 during the cutting process on the support body 5 as part of the tooth body 1. These support surfaces 5/1, 5/2 are wedge-shaped or conical running outward. The support body 5 has on its upper side bearing surfaces 8/1, 8/2, 8/3 on which the tooth 2 rests in the inserted position. All surfaces are wedge-shaped or tapered outward. The addition to the form-fitting provided attachment of the blade 2 in or on the tooth body 1 can by means not shown fastening means, for. B. a screw done. These is then passed through the bore 8. The part of the toothed body 1 facing away from the cutting direction bears the reference numeral 6.

There, a centering device in the form of a groove can be seen. This serves to center and / or fix the tooth body 1 on the comminution roller, which then has corresponding means, e.g. has a spring on which the tooth body 1 is placed.

The FIG. 2 shows a side view of the Zahnkörpersl after the FIG. 1 , This is for better understanding. All features and reference numerals are used in the same way as in FIG Fig. 1 described used so that is waived a new idea.

The FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional representation of a variant of a knife 9 designed as a knife 2. The tooth 9 has in the cutting direction on a cutting edge 10, which is placed in the illustrated variant. This offers the possibility, for example, harder and more resistant material, such as carbide put there. Of course, the tooth 9 may have been obtained from a whole body of a material and the cutting edge or other parts of the tooth 9 are hardened. The patch material can be attached there, for example, according to a development of the invention by armoring or build-up welding. On the pointing in the cutting direction side 11 of the tooth 9 is concave. Hardened areas 14 are located on the edges or sides. These areas can also be produced, for example, by armouring or build-up welding. The bore 8 serves to receive the fastening means, not shown. On the side facing away from the cutting edge 10 side 12, the radius is chosen so that it intersects with the radius of the roller body of the crushing roller, not shown. At the end of the radius is the support area 13, which cooperates in the inserted form with the support body 5 of the tooth body 1. The tooth 9 runs upwards slightly wedge-shaped, but is overall a little wider than the tooth body formed, whereby a free cut is formed.

The FIG. 4 is the side view of FIG. 3 on average. It serves for a better understanding of the presented embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the tooth 9 after the FIG. 3 , Here are the cooperating with the Ausnehmungsflächen 4/1, 4/2 surfaces 17/1, 17/2 of the tooth 9, with the support surfaces 5/1, 5/2 cooperating surfaces 15/1 and 15/2 and on the Attachment surfaces 8/1, 8/2 attachable surfaces 13/1 and 13/2 recognizable.

The FIG. 6 is another view of the tooth 9 after the FIG. 3 , The reference numerals are identical to those already described and denote the same features.

The Fig. 7a and 7b show various views of an embodiment for a tooth according to the invention. In the selected embodiment, it is provided that the bore 8 has a diameter of 23 mm. The tooth is again indicated by the reference numeral 9 only schematically. He has at its upper edge, which is the cutting edge 10 for the tooth 9, a width of 41.7 mm. The opening for the fastening screw or the designated hexagon has a width of 34 mm. In the lower area, where the Ausnehmungsgegenflächen 17/1 and 17/2 are indicated schematically, has the inner, facing the recess 4 side, a width of 30 mm. The two different angles for limiting the support surfaces have 62 ° and 140 °. The height of the opening 7 corresponding to the opening is 49.5 mm. The width of this opening is 60 mm and the total width of the tooth is indicated at 86 mm. This embodiment represents a preferred variant of the invention. However, the invention is not limited to these dimensions. Rather, other variants are possible. However, the variant presented here has proven to be very practical in the testing of the solution according to the invention.

The Fig. 7b shows in a side view the section on the line A / A according to the figure Fig. 7a , The reference numerals used in this figure have been used in the same way for already presented features. Not yet presented have been chosen for this preferred variant angles or radii of the individual surfaces of the tooth according to the invention. The radius at the cutting edge 10 of the tooth 9 is 82.5 mm in its upper region and on the outer edge. The tooth is concave, so the inner radius in this area is 84.59 mm. The radius which cooperates correspondingly with the nose 7 is 17.5 mm in the illustrated embodiment and the center point is at a distance of 32 mm from the lower edge. The lower, insertable into the recess 4 surfaces of the tooth 9 have a radius of 35 mm in the outer region and of 24.8 mm in the inner region and of 24 mm in the upward-facing portion of the lower curve. The angle between the support surface 13 and the rear portion of the tooth on which the counter support surface 15/2 is located is 83 ° for the inner region and 80 ° for the outer region.

The FIGS. 8a to 8e show different views of a very advantageous further variant for an embodiment of the invention with a two-part tooth 9. Die Fig. 8a shows a three-dimensional representation of a tooth 9, which is fixed on a tooth body 1 by means of a non-designated fastening screw. The tooth 9 is formed in the illustrated embodiment by a first cutting body 9/1 and a second cutting body 9/2. The cutting body 9/2 is plate-shaped designed as a removable disk 101. The pointing to the second cutting body side of the first cutting body is flat. The second cutting body 9/2 is designed as a plate or disk-shaped and has a triangular shape with an upper flattening. Thus, the second cutting body 9/2 has a trapezoidal shape. For the implementation of the nose 7, the second cutting body 9/2 is excluded, so that it includes the nose 7 in the installed state. Very well recognizable on the representation according to Fig. 8a are also the bearing surfaces 8/1, 8/2, 8/3, over which the first cutting body 9/1 is supported.

The Figures 8b and 8c show once in a three-dimensional representation and on the other in a section the embodiment described above. Here, however, only the first cutting body 9/1 is shown. The in the presentation of the Fig. 8c selected angles and radii correspond to another advantageous variant for the described embodiment of a two-part tooth 9.

The Fig. 8d shows a further view, which reveal further dimensions of the embodiment. In particular, the lower width of 117.7 mm, the width of the lower opening 71 and the angle specified there for the selected embodiment are significant. It is, of course, of advantage that these angle indications always comprise the same amount, especially in the inner region, in order to ensure that the different teeth can be placed on the tooth body 1 of the knife carrier according to the invention which is always the same. All other dimensions and angles can be made variable according to the invention.

The Fig. 8e shows the second cutting body 9/2 or this cutting body in an education as a removable disk 101st

The Fig. 9 and 10 relate to further embodiment of the invention. All previously proposed reference numerals are used in the same way again. The difference between these two embodiments lies in the fact that teeth 9 with different heights and thus with a different radius 12 are placed on the tooth body 1.

Claims (17)

1. A comminution device consisting of a tooth body(1) which can be secured to a comminution roller or the like and at least one knife (2), wherein the knife (2) can be arranged in a form-fitting manner on the tooth body (1), wherein a knife receptacle (3) is provided on the tooth body (1), and wherein the knife receptacle (3) is configured as a recess (4) and, viewed from the side, has a J shape, characterised in that the recess (4) is wedge-like or conical, preferably extending outwards, such that recess surfaces (4/1, 4/2) are formed.
2. Comminution device according to claim 1, characterised in that the recess (4) has a lug (7) on the front end, as viewed in the cutting direction, and/or the lug (7) of the recess (4) is configured in the shape of a roller.
3. Comminution device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that a part of the tooth body (1) is configured as a supporting element (5) and supporting surfaces (5/1, 5/2) which extend outwards in a wedge-like or conical manner are provided on the side of the supporting element (5) facing an inserted knife (2).
4. Comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tooth body (1) on the lower side or on the side facing a comminution roller has a centering device for centering on the comminution roller, wherein the centering device of the tooth body (1) is preferably configured as a groove or spring that interacts in a corresponding and form-fitting manner with a spring or groove provided on the comminution roller.
5. Comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the side surfaces of the tooth body (1) extend obliquely upward, taper or extend to the outer radius and/or that the tooth body (1) is narrower in the direction counter to the cutting direction than on the cutting edge.
6. Comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outer radius of the tooth body (1) on its side facing away from the knife receptacle (3) intersects with the outer radius of a comminution roller.
7. Comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the knife (2) is configured as a tooth (9) and/or the tooth (9) has a blade (10) and is concave on the side (11) facing in the cutting direction.
8. Comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that on the side (12) facing away from the tooth body the tooth (9) has a radius which preferably intersects the radius of a comminution roller and/or of the roller element.
9. Comminution device according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that on the tooth (9) a support region (13) is provided for supporting on a supporting element (5) of the tooth body (1) and/or that support surfaces (13/1, 13/2) are provided on the support region (13) extending conically or in a wedge-like manner.
10. Comminution device according to one of the claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the tooth (9) on the sides facing the tooth body (1) are designed so as to correspond to the recess surfaces (4/1, 4/2) and the support surfaces (5/1, 5/2) in a conical or wedge-like manner such that self-centering takes place due to the form fit when the tooth (9) is secured.
11. Comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that two sides facing the tooth body (1) and oriented downwards to the recess (4) are configured as recess mating surfaces (17/1, 17/2) and the inclination of said surfaces corresponds to those of the recess surfaces (4/1, 4/2).
12. Comminution device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that two horizontally oriented sides facing the tooth body (1) are configured as support mating surfaces (15/1, 15/2) and the inclination of these surfaces corresponds to those of the support surfaces (5/1, 5/2).
13. Comminution device according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterised in that the tooth (9) has a mounted blade (10), which is preferably formed of hard metal and/or that the tooth (9), on the edges facing in the cutting direction, has at least one hardened region (14).
14. Comminution device according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterised in that the tooth (9) is formed in two parts from a first cutting element (9/1) and a second cutting element (9/2).
15. Comminution device according to claim 14, characterised in that the first tooth body (9/1) on the side facing the second cutting element (9/2) is flat or plane.
16. Comminution device according to claim 14 or 15, characterised in that the second cutting element (9/2) is plate-like and/or is provided with an opening (71) which in the installed state encompasses the lug (7) of the tooth body (1).
17. Comminution device according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterised in that the second cutting element (9/2) is configured as a changing plate (101), wherein the changing plate (101) preferably has a thickness of 20 mm and/or the changing plate (101) has the shape of a triangle, and that the upper side in the installation position is preferably flattened such that the changing plate (101) has a trapezoidal shape.

Images