EP1785586B1 - Rotor of a turbomachine - Google Patents
Rotor of a turbomachine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1785586B1 EP1785586B1 EP20050022933 EP05022933A EP1785586B1 EP 1785586 B1 EP1785586 B1 EP 1785586B1 EP 20050022933 EP20050022933 EP 20050022933 EP 05022933 A EP05022933 A EP 05022933A EP 1785586 B1 EP1785586 B1 EP 1785586B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- groove
- rotor shaft
- coolant
- steam turbine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/06—Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
- F01D9/065—Fluid supply or removal conduits traversing the working fluid flow, e.g. for lubrication-, cooling-, or sealing fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
- F01D5/081—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades
- F01D5/084—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades the fluid circulating at the periphery of a multistage rotor, e.g. of drum type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
- F01D5/085—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means cooling fluid circulating inside the rotor
- F01D5/088—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means cooling fluid circulating inside the rotor in a closed cavity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/232—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling characterized by the cooling medium
- F05D2260/2322—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling characterized by the cooling medium steam
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rotor of a turbomachine, in particular a steam and / or gas turbine, with a rotor shaft. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for partially cooling a rotor shaft of a rotor of a turbomachine, in particular a steam and / or gas turbine.
- the blades arranged on the rotor shaft of the rotor are subjected to a hot working gas which, for example in the case of a steam turbine, is steam.
- the hot working gas flowing around the rotor causes a heat input into the rotor shaft of the rotor, on the one hand as a result of direct contact of the hot working gas with the rotor shaft and, on the other hand, due to heating of the rotor blades arranged on the rotor shaft.
- that rotor shaft section is exposed to a strong heat input, which is opposite to the inlet opening for the hot working gas.
- the maximum permissible inlet temperature of the hot working gas is limited, inter alia, by the strength characteristic values of the rotor shaft in the inflow region.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a rotor of a turbomachine, which can be used with a simultaneously simple design within an extended range of applications.
- a method for partial cooling of a rotor shaft of a rotor In addition to be proposed with the invention, a method for partial cooling of a rotor shaft of a rotor.
- the method is proposed to solve the above problem, a method for partially cooling a rotor shaft of a rotor of a turbomachine, in particular a steam and / or gas turbine, as specified in claim 9.
- the rotor according to the invention is characterized by a rotor shaft which has a radially encircling groove providing a cavity.
- This groove is formed in the particularly acted upon rotor shaft region, that is in the region of the rotor shaft, which is opposite to the inlet opening for the hot working gas.
- a cooling medium is introduced for the purpose of partial cooling of the rotor shaft in this area.
- the cavity provided by the groove is fluidly sealed on the one hand to a coolant supply line and on the other hand to a coolant discharge line.
- the coolant supply line and the coolant discharge line are arranged circumferentially of the rotor shaft offset from one another, for example offset by 180 °. This ensures that the coolant introduced via the coolant supply line into the cavity provided by the groove completely flows through the radial circumferential groove before it reaches the coolant discharge line and is discharged therefrom.
- the groove formed in the rotor shaft is preferably formed open on one side. This allows the simple formation of the groove, for example by means of a machining production.
- the open side of the groove is preferably closed by means of a covering device, whereby a closed to the surrounding atmosphere cavity is formed.
- a covering device for a fluid-tight configuration of the cavity provided by the groove is proposed according to a further feature of the invention that the covering is sealed by means of a seal against the guided through the rotor main flow.
- the seal is preferably non-contact Formed seal, which ensures a sufficiently long life of the same.
- the covering device is a ring which closes the open side of the radially encircling groove.
- This embodiment of the covering has been found to be advantageous in particular for manufacturing reasons.
- the installation of such a trained cover device is particularly simple. Nevertheless, it goes without saying that the covering device can then also be formed annularly in a different way.
- the coolant is preferably a fluid taken from the main flow through the rotor.
- a partial flow is taken downstream of the main flow guided by the rotor, which is preferably returned via the stator adjacent to the rotor and introduced via the feed line into the cavity provided by the groove formed in the rotor shaft.
- the removal point for the partial flow is selected so that the diverted from the working gas partial flow has a significantly lower temperature than the introduced via the inlet into the rotor working gas.
- the partial flow introduced into the cavity provided by the groove is fed back, at least after a partial passage of the cavity provided by the groove, to the main flow guided through the rotor, namely via the coolant discharge line.
- the delivery point for transferring the partial flow back into the main flow should be chosen so that the working gas in the main flow in the region of the discharge point in about the same Temperature, as the returned to the main flow gas of the partial flow.
- a closed cooling system is proposed in an advantageous manner.
- the coolant is not introduced through external pipelines, but extracted exclusively from the main flow through the rotor.
- the thermodynamic losses are limited due to the coolant withdrawn from the main flow, since the heated up as a result of cooling the rotor shaft coolant is fed back downstream of the sampling point of the blading.
- the region of the rotor shaft which is particularly stressed by the introduction of the hot working gas into the rotor is partially cooled according to the invention, whereby an intensive local cooling of the inflow region of the rotor shaft is achieved.
- the rotor shaft area that is subjected to particular pressure is provided with a groove and a cover ring, which is sealed to the main flow by means of a non-contact seal.
- the coolant used is a fluid flow which is taken from the working gas flow conducted through the rotor.
- This fluid or partial flow is supplied by one or more lines or by hollow or with correspondingly formed holes provided rotor blades at a certain circumferential position of the groove formed in the rotor shaft and derived via one or more lines at another circumferential position and the blading downstream again fed.
- the intensity of the cooling can be adjusted via the design of the seal and the location of the coolant removal point or the coolant addition point. In steam turbines also offers the removal of the taps.
- the rotor shaft is less subject to thermal stresses in this area.
- the turbomachine can be operated with an overall hotter working gas, whereby the scope of application, that is, the range of applications is extended.
- the rotor according to the invention impresses by its overall simple structure.
- FIGURE 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the rotor and stator according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows the rotor 1 according to the invention together with the stator 2.
- the rotor 1 has a rotor shaft 3, which carries rotor blades 4 on the outer peripheral side.
- the rotor shaft 3 is rotatably mounted in a conventional manner about the rotor shaft axis.
- the hot working gas flowing into the rotor 1 passes through the inlet 5 into the rotor 1.
- the rotor 1 is designed to be double-flowed, that is to say the hot working gas passing into the rotor 1 via the inlet 5 communicates with it Referring to the plane of the drawing of FIG. 1 in a main flow 7 to the left and in a main flow 7 to the right. After flowing through the rotor 1, the working gas is discharged via the outlets 6.
- the rotor shaft 3 of the rotor 1 according to the invention has in the inlet region of the hot working gas via a radially circumferential groove 12.
- This groove 12 is open on one side, and that on the stator side.
- This open side of the groove 12 is closed by a cover 14, which is annular.
- This annular covering device is sealed to the main flow 7 by means of a non-contact seal 15, so that the cavity 13 provided by the groove 12 is completely sealed from the surrounding atmosphere.
- a coolant is introduced into the cavity 13 provided by the groove 12.
- the cavity 13 provided by the groove 12 is fluidly connected both to a coolant supply line 10 and to a coolant discharge line 11.
- the partial flow 9a to be supplied to the cavity 13 is taken from the main flow 7 at the removal point 16.
- the partial flow 9b heated up as a result of the rotor shaft cooling returns via the coolant discharge line 11 into the main flow 7.
- the stator 2 has a further bore 8 at the discharge point 17, via which the returned partial flow 9b returns can get into the mainstream 7.
- the temperature of the past at the removal point 16 working gas is lowered so far compared to the temperature of reaching via the inlet 5 in the rotor 1 working gas that by the branched off therefrom and led to the cavity 13 partial flow partial cooling of the rotor shaft 3 in hot working gas acted rotor shaft area can be achieved.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rotor einer Strömungsmaschine, insbesondere eine Dampf- und/oder Gasturbine, mit einer Rotorwelle. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur partiellen Kühlung einer Rotorwelle eines Rotors einer Strömungsmaschine, insbesondere einer Dampf- und/oder Gasturbine.The invention relates to a rotor of a turbomachine, in particular a steam and / or gas turbine, with a rotor shaft. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for partially cooling a rotor shaft of a rotor of a turbomachine, in particular a steam and / or gas turbine.
Rotoren der vorgenannten Art sind aus dem Stand der Technik an sich bekannt, weshalb es eines gesonderten druckschriftlichen Nachweises an dieser Stelle nicht bedarf.Rotors of the aforementioned type are known per se from the prior art, which is why it does not require a separate documentary proof at this point.
Um den Rotor einer Strömungsmaschine in eine Drehbewegung zu versetzen, werden die an der Rotorwelle des Rotors angeordneten Laufschaufeln mit einem heißen Arbeitsgas beaufschlagt, welches beispielsweise im Falle einer Dampfturbine Dampf ist. Das den Rotor umströmende heiße Arbeitsgas bewirkt einen Wärmeeintrag in die Rotorwelle des Rotors, und zwar zum einen infolge eines direkten Kontaktes des heißen Arbeitsgases mit der Rotorwelle sowie zum anderen aufgrund der Erwärmung der an der Rotorwelle angeordneten Laufschaufeln. Dabei ist insbesondere derjenige Rotorwellenabschnitt einem starken Wärmeeintrag ausgesetzt, der der Eintrittsöffnung für das heiße Arbeitsgas gegenüber liegt. Insofern wird die maximal zulässige Eintrittstemperatur des heißen Arbeitsgases unter anderem durch die Festigkeitskennwerte der Rotorwelle im Einströmbereich begrenzt.In order to set the rotor of a turbomachine into a rotational movement, the blades arranged on the rotor shaft of the rotor are subjected to a hot working gas which, for example in the case of a steam turbine, is steam. The hot working gas flowing around the rotor causes a heat input into the rotor shaft of the rotor, on the one hand as a result of direct contact of the hot working gas with the rotor shaft and, on the other hand, due to heating of the rotor blades arranged on the rotor shaft. In particular, that rotor shaft section is exposed to a strong heat input, which is opposite to the inlet opening for the hot working gas. In this respect, the maximum permissible inlet temperature of the hot working gas is limited, inter alia, by the strength characteristic values of the rotor shaft in the inflow region.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, dass der Anwendungsbereich eines Rotors hinsichtlich des Rotorwellenwerkstoffes durch eine entsprechende Auslegung der Eintrittsstufe als Schwachreaktionsstufe besser ausgenutzt werden kann. So ist es zum Beispiel aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, mit einer so genannten Drallkühlung die Temperatur an der Rotorwellenoberfläche zu reduzieren, was es ermöglicht, die Rotorwelle auch hinsichtlich höherer Eintrittstemperaturen einzusetzen.From the prior art it is known that the field of application of a rotor with respect to the rotor shaft material can be better utilized by a corresponding design of the inlet stage as a weak reaction stage. Thus, for example, it is known from the prior art to reduce the temperature at the rotor shaft surface by means of a so-called swirl cooling, which makes it possible for the rotor shaft also to be used with regard to higher inlet temperatures.
Obgleich sich die Drallkühlung in der Praxis bewährt hat, besteht nach wie vor Verbesserungsbedarf.Although swirl cooling has proven itself in practice, there is still room for improvement.
Hierzu relevanter Stand der Technik zeigt z.B. das Dokument
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, einen Rotor einer Strömungsmaschine zu schaffen, der bei gleichzeitig einfachem Aufbau innerhalb eines erweiterten Anwendungsspektrums Verwendung finden kann. Darüber hinaus soll mit der Erfindung ein Verfahren zur partiellen Kühlung einer Rotorwelle eines Rotors vorgeschlagen werden.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a rotor of a turbomachine, which can be used with a simultaneously simple design within an extended range of applications. In addition to be proposed with the invention, a method for partial cooling of a rotor shaft of a rotor.
Vorrichtungsseitig wird zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe eine Dampfturbine vorgeschlagen, wie im Anspruch 1 angegeben.On the device side, a steam turbine is proposed to solve this problem, as stated in claim 1.
Verfahrensseitig wird zur Lösung der vorstehenden Aufgabe vorgeschlagen ein Verfahren zur partiellen Kühlung einer Rotorwelle eines Rotors einer Strömungsmaschine, insbesondere einer Dampf- und/oder Gasturbine, wie im Anspruch 9 angegeben.The method is proposed to solve the above problem, a method for partially cooling a rotor shaft of a rotor of a turbomachine, in particular a steam and / or gas turbine, as specified in claim 9.
Der erfindungsgemäße Rotor zeichnet sich durch eine Rotorwelle aus, die eine radial umlaufende, einen Hohlraum bereitstellende Nut aufweist. Diese Nut ist im besonders beaufschlagten Rotorwellenbereich ausgebildet, das heißt im Bereich der Rotorwelle, der der Eintrittsöffnung für das heiße Arbeitsgas gegenüber liegt. In den von der Nut bereitgestellten Hohlraum wird zum Zwecke der partiellen Kühlung der Rotorwelle in diesem Bereich ein Kühlmedium eingeleitet. Zu diesem Zwecke ist der von der Nut bereitgestellte Hohlraum einerseits an eine Kühlmittelzuführungsleitung und andererseits an eine Kühlmittelabführungsleitung strömungstechnisch abgeschlossen. Dabei versteht es sich von selbst, das je nach konstruktiver Ausgestaltung des Rotors bzw. der Rotorwelle sowohl mehrere Kühlmittelzuführungsleitungen als auch mehrere Kühlmittelabführungsleitungen vorgegehen sein können.The rotor according to the invention is characterized by a rotor shaft which has a radially encircling groove providing a cavity. This groove is formed in the particularly acted upon rotor shaft region, that is in the region of the rotor shaft, which is opposite to the inlet opening for the hot working gas. In the cavity provided by the groove, a cooling medium is introduced for the purpose of partial cooling of the rotor shaft in this area. For this purpose, the cavity provided by the groove is fluidly sealed on the one hand to a coolant supply line and on the other hand to a coolant discharge line. It goes without saying that depending on the structural design of the rotor or the rotor shaft, both a plurality of coolant supply lines and a plurality of coolant discharge lines can be used.
Die Kühlmittelzuführungsleitung und die Kühlmittelabführungsleitung sind umfangsseitig der Rotorwelle versetzt zueinander angeordnet, beispielsweise um 180° versetzt. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, dass das über die Kühlmittelzuführungsleitung in den von der Nut bereitgestellten Hohlraum eingeführte Kühlmedium die radialumlaufende Nut vollständig durchströmt, bevor es zur Kühlmittelabführungsleitung gelangt und über diese abgeführt wird.The coolant supply line and the coolant discharge line are arranged circumferentially of the rotor shaft offset from one another, for example offset by 180 °. This ensures that the coolant introduced via the coolant supply line into the cavity provided by the groove completely flows through the radial circumferential groove before it reaches the coolant discharge line and is discharged therefrom.
Aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen ist die in der Rotorwelle ausgebildete Nut vorzugsweise einseitig offen ausgebildet. Dies erlaubt die einfache Ausbildung der Nut beispielsweise mittels einer spanenden Fertigung.For manufacturing reasons, the groove formed in the rotor shaft is preferably formed open on one side. This allows the simple formation of the groove, for example by means of a machining production.
Die offene Seite der Nut ist vorzugsweise mittels einer Abdeckeinrichtung verschlossen, wodurch ein zur umgebenden Atmosphäre abgeschlossener Hohlraum entsteht. Für eine fluiddichte Ausbildung des von der Nut bereitgestellten Hohlraums wird gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, dass die Abdeckeinrichtung mittels einer Dichtung gegenüber der durch den Rotor geführten Hauptströmung abgedichtet ist. Dabei ist die Dichtung vorzugsweise als berührungslose Dichtung ausgebildet, was eine hinreichend lange Lebensdauer derselben gewährleistet.The open side of the groove is preferably closed by means of a covering device, whereby a closed to the surrounding atmosphere cavity is formed. For a fluid-tight configuration of the cavity provided by the groove is proposed according to a further feature of the invention that the covering is sealed by means of a seal against the guided through the rotor main flow. The seal is preferably non-contact Formed seal, which ensures a sufficiently long life of the same.
Gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Abdeckeinrichtung ein die offene Seite der radialumlaufenden Nut verschließender Ring ist. Diese Ausgestaltung der Abdeckeinrichtung hat sich insbesondere aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen als vorteilhaft herausgestellt. Auch die Montage einer solch ausgebildeten Abdeckeinrichtung ist besonders einfach. Gleichwohl versteht es sich von selbst, dass die Abdeckeinrichtung auch in anderer Weise denn dann ringförmig ausgebildet sein kann.According to a further feature of the invention, it is proposed that the covering device is a ring which closes the open side of the radially encircling groove. This embodiment of the covering has been found to be advantageous in particular for manufacturing reasons. The installation of such a trained cover device is particularly simple. Nevertheless, it goes without saying that the covering device can then also be formed annularly in a different way.
Das Kühlmittel ist vorzugsweise ein aus der durch den Rotor geführten Hauptströmung entnommenes Fluid. Zu diesem Zweck wird der durch den Rotor geführten Hauptströmung stromabwärts ein Teilstrom entnommen, der vorzugsweise über den an den Rotor angrenzenden Stator zurückgeführt und über die Zuführungsleitung in den von der in der Rotorwelle ausgebildeten Nut bereitgestellten Hohlraum eingeführt wird. Dabei wird die Entnahmestelle für den Teilstrom so gewählt, dass der aus dem Arbeitsgas abgezweigte Teilstrom eine deutlich geringere Temperatur aufweist als das über den Eintritt in den Rotor eingeleitete Arbeitsgas. Infolge dieses Temperaturunterschiedes zwischen zurückgeführtem Teilstrom einerseits und heißem Arbeitsgas andererseits kommt es zu einer partiellen Kühlung der Rotorwelle im Einführbereich des heißen Arbeitsgases. Der in den von der Nut bereitgestellten Hohlraum eingeführte Teilstrom wird zumindest nach einem teilweisen Durchströmen des von der Nut bereitgestellten Hohlraums der durch den Rotor geführten Hauptströmung wieder zugeführt, und zwar über die Kühlmittelabführleitung. Infolge des Abkühlvorganges erwärmt sich der abgezweigte und durch den von der Nut bereitgestellten Hohlraum geführte Teilstrom, weshalb die Abgabestelle zur Überführung des Teilstroms zurück in den Hauptstrom so gewählt werden sollte, dass das Arbeitsgas in der Hauptströmung im Bereich der Abgabestelle in etwa dieselbe Temperatur aufweist, wie das in die Hauptströmung zurückgeführte Gas der Teilströmung.The coolant is preferably a fluid taken from the main flow through the rotor. For this purpose, a partial flow is taken downstream of the main flow guided by the rotor, which is preferably returned via the stator adjacent to the rotor and introduced via the feed line into the cavity provided by the groove formed in the rotor shaft. In this case, the removal point for the partial flow is selected so that the diverted from the working gas partial flow has a significantly lower temperature than the introduced via the inlet into the rotor working gas. As a result of this temperature difference between recirculated partial flow on the one hand and hot working gas on the other hand, there is a partial cooling of the rotor shaft in the introduction of the hot working gas. The partial flow introduced into the cavity provided by the groove is fed back, at least after a partial passage of the cavity provided by the groove, to the main flow guided through the rotor, namely via the coolant discharge line. As a result of the cooling process heats the branched and guided through the groove provided by the cavity partial flow, so the delivery point for transferring the partial flow back into the main flow should be chosen so that the working gas in the main flow in the region of the discharge point in about the same Temperature, as the returned to the main flow gas of the partial flow.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Rotor bzw. dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird in vorteilhafter Weise ein geschlossenes Kühlsystem vorgeschlagen. Das Kühlmittel wird nicht durch externe Rohrleitungen eingeleitet, sondern ausschließlich aus der durch den Rotor geführten Hauptströmung gewonnen. Dabei sind die thermodynamischen Verluste aufgrund des aus der Hauptströmung entnommenen Kühlmittels begrenzt, da das infolge einer Kühlung der Rotorwelle aufgeheizte Kühlmittel stromab der Entnahmestelle der Beschaufelung wieder zugeführt wird.With the rotor according to the invention or the method according to the invention a closed cooling system is proposed in an advantageous manner. The coolant is not introduced through external pipelines, but extracted exclusively from the main flow through the rotor. In this case, the thermodynamic losses are limited due to the coolant withdrawn from the main flow, since the heated up as a result of cooling the rotor shaft coolant is fed back downstream of the sampling point of the blading.
Der durch die Einleitung des heißen Arbeitsgases in den Rotor im besonderen wärmebeanspruchten Bereich der Rotorwelle wird erfindungsgemäß partiell gekühlt, wodurch eine intensive lokale Kühlung des Einströmbereiches der Rotorwelle erzielt wird. Dazu wird der besonders beaufschlagte Rotorwellenbereich mit einer Nut und einem Abdeckring versehen, der zur Hauptströmung mittels einer berührungslosen Dichtung abgedichtet ist. Als Kühlmittel dient ein Fluidstrom, der dem durch den Rotor geführten Arbeitsgasstrom entnommen ist. Dieser Fluid- oder Teilstrom wird durch eine oder mehrere Leitungen oder auch durch hohle oder mit entsprechend ausgebildeten Bohrungen versehenen Laufschaufeln der Rotorwelle an einer bestimmten Umfangsposition der in der Rotorwelle ausgebildeten Nut zugeführt und über eine oder mehrere Leitungen an anderer Umfangsposition abgeleitet und der Beschaufelung stromab wieder zugeführt. Die Intensität der Kühlung kann dabei über die Auslegung der Dichtung und die Lage der Kühlmittelentnahmestelle bzw. der Kühlmittelzugabestelle eingestellt werden. Bei Dampfturbinen bietet sich zudem die Entnahme aus den Anzapfungen an.The region of the rotor shaft which is particularly stressed by the introduction of the hot working gas into the rotor is partially cooled according to the invention, whereby an intensive local cooling of the inflow region of the rotor shaft is achieved. For this purpose, the rotor shaft area that is subjected to particular pressure is provided with a groove and a cover ring, which is sealed to the main flow by means of a non-contact seal. The coolant used is a fluid flow which is taken from the working gas flow conducted through the rotor. This fluid or partial flow is supplied by one or more lines or by hollow or with correspondingly formed holes provided rotor blades at a certain circumferential position of the groove formed in the rotor shaft and derived via one or more lines at another circumferential position and the blading downstream again fed. The intensity of the cooling can be adjusted via the design of the seal and the location of the coolant removal point or the coolant addition point. In steam turbines also offers the removal of the taps.
Als Folge der intensiven lokalen Kühlung der Rotorwelle im Einströmbereich des heißen Arbeitsgases unterliegt die Rotorwelle in diesem Bereich weniger stark thermischen Belastungen. Dies führt in vorteilhafter Weise dazu, dass die Strömungsmaschine mit einem insgesamt heißeren Arbeitsgas betrieben werden kann, wodurch der Anwendungsbereich, das heißt das Anwendungsspektrum erweitert ist. Zudem besticht der erfindungsgemäße Rotor durch seinen insgesamt einfachen Aufbau.As a result of intensive local cooling of the rotor shaft in the inflow region of the hot working gas, the rotor shaft is less subject to thermal stresses in this area. This leads advantageously to the turbomachine can be operated with an overall hotter working gas, whereby the scope of application, that is, the range of applications is extended. In addition, the rotor according to the invention impresses by its overall simple structure.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung anhand der einzigen Figur 1, die in schematischer Schnittdarstellung den erfindungsgemäßen Rotor samt Stator zeigt.Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the single FIGURE 1, which shows a schematic sectional view of the rotor and stator according to the invention.
Fig. 1 zeigt den erfindungsgemäßen Rotor 1 samt Stator 2. Der Rotor 1 verfügt über eine Rotorwelle 3, die außenumfangsseitig Laufschaufeln 4 trägt. Die Rotorwelle 3 ist in an sich bekannter Weise um die Rotorwellenachse drehbar gelagert.FIG. 1 shows the rotor 1 according to the invention together with the stator 2. The rotor 1 has a rotor shaft 3, which carries rotor blades 4 on the outer peripheral side. The rotor shaft 3 is rotatably mounted in a conventional manner about the rotor shaft axis.
Das in den Rotor 1 einströmende heiße Arbeitsgas gelangt über den Eintritt 5 in den Rotor 1. In der Ausgestaltungsform nach Fig. 1 ist der Rotor 1 zweiflutig ausgebildet, das heißt, das über den Eintritt 5 in den Rotor 1 gelangende heiße Arbeitsgas teilt sich mit Bezug auf die Zeichnungsebene nach Fig. 1 in einen Hauptstrom 7 nach links und in einen Hauptstrom 7 nach rechts. Nach einem Durchströmen des Rotors 1 wird das Arbeitsgas über die Austritte 6 abgeführt.The hot working gas flowing into the rotor 1 passes through the inlet 5 into the rotor 1. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the rotor 1 is designed to be double-flowed, that is to say the hot working gas passing into the rotor 1 via the inlet 5 communicates with it Referring to the plane of the drawing of FIG. 1 in a main flow 7 to the left and in a main flow 7 to the right. After flowing through the rotor 1, the working gas is discharged via the outlets 6.
Die Rotorwelle 3 des erfindungsgemäßen Rotors 1 verfügt im Eintrittsbereich des heißen Arbeitsgases über eine radial umlaufende Nut 12. Diese Nut 12 ist einseitig offen ausgebildet, und zwar statorseitig. Diese offene Seite der Nut 12 ist durch eine Abdeckeinrichtung 14, die ringförmig ausgebildet ist, verschlossen. Diese ringförmig ausgebildete Abdeckeinrichtung ist zur Hauptströmung 7 mittels einer berührungslosen Dichtung 15 abgedichtet, so dass der von der Nut 12 bereitgestellte Hohlraum 13 zur umgebenden Atmosphäre vollständig abgedichtet ist.The rotor shaft 3 of the rotor 1 according to the invention has in the inlet region of the hot working gas via a radially
Zur Kühlung der Rotorwelle 3 im Eintrittsbereich des heißen Arbeitsgases wird in den von der Nut 12 bereitgestellten Hohlraum 13 ein Kühlmittel eingeführt. Zu diesem Zweck ist der von der Nut 12 bereitgestellte Hohlraum 13 sowohl an eine Kühlmittelzuführungsleitung 10 als auch an eine Kühlmittelabführungsleitung 11 strömungstechnisch angeschlossen.For cooling the rotor shaft 3 in the inlet region of the hot working gas, a coolant is introduced into the
Als Kühlmittel dient ein aus dem Hauptstrom 7 abgezweigter Teilstrom 9. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 ist der dem Hohlraum 13 über die Kühlmittelzuführungsleitung 10 zugeführte Teilstrom mit dem Bezugszeichen 9a gekennzeichnet. Der aus dem Hohlraum 13 über die Kühlmittelabführungsleitung 11 abgeführte Teilstrom trägt das Bezugszeichen 9b.In the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the
Der dem Hohlraum 13 zuzuführende Teilstrom 9a wird dem Hauptstrom 7 an der Entnahmestelle 16 entnommen. An dieser Stelle befindet sich eine im Stator 2 ausgebildete Bohrung 8, über die der Teilstrom 9a abgeführt und der Kühlmittelzuführungsleitung 10 zwecks Beschickung des Hohlraums 13 zugeführt wird. Nach einem zumindest teilweisen Durchströmen des Hohlraums 13 gelangt der infolge der Rotorwellenabkühlung aufgeheizte Teilstrom 9b über die Kühlmittelabführungsleitung 11 zurück in die Hauptströmung 7. Zu diesem Zweck verfügt der Stator 2 an der Abgabestelle 17 über eine weitere Bohrung 8, über die der zurückgeführte Teilstrom 9b zurück in die Hauptströmung 7 gelangen kann.The
Die Temperatur des an der Entnahmestelle 16 vorbeigeführten Arbeitsgases ist im Vergleich zur Temperatur des über den Eintritt 5 in den Rotor 1 gelangende Arbeitsgas so weit erniedrigt, dass durch den hieraus abgezweigten und zum Hohlraum 13 geführten Teilstroms eine partielle Kühlung der Rotorwelle 3 im mit heißem Arbeitsgas beaufschlagten Rotorwellenbereich erzielt werden kann.The temperature of the past at the
Claims (9)
- Steam turbine comprising a housing (2a, 2b), a rotatably mounted rotor shaft (3) and a flow duct formed between the housing (2a, 2b) and the rotor shaft (3),
wherein the rotor shaft (3) has a groove (12) which runs radially around it and which defines a void (13),
wherein the groove (12) is provided with a covering device (14) which separates the flow duct from the groove (12), wherein, for the purpose of supplying and discharging a coolant, the groove (12) is fluidically connected on one hand to a coolant supply line (10) and on the other hand to a coolant discharge line (11),
characterized in that
the covering device (14) is formed with bores or hollow guide vanes for supplying and discharging the coolant, wherein the coolant supply line (10) and the coolant discharge line (11) are arranged offset with respect to each other on the circumference of the rotor shaft (3). - Steam turbine according to Claim 1,
in which the covering device (14) is formed with bores or lines for supplying and discharging the coolant. - Steam turbine according to Claim 1,
in which the offset is approximately 180°. - Steam turbine according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the covering device (14) is sealed with respect to the groove (12) by means of a seal (15). - Steam turbine according to Claim 4,
wherein the seal (15) is a contactless seal. - Steam turbine according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein a supply bore (8) is created in the housing (2a), which bore fluidically connects the flow duct to the supply. - Steam turbine according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein a discharge bore is created in the housing (2a), which bore fluidically connects the flow duct to the discharge. - Steam turbine according to either of Claims 6 and 7,
wherein the coolant is a fluid taken from the main flow (7) conducted through the rotor (1). - Method for partially cooling a rotor shaft (3) of a rotor (1) of a turbomachine,
in particular a steam turbine and/or gas turbine,
in which a partial flow (9) is taken from the main flow (7) conducted through the rotor (1),
in which, for the purpose of cooling the rotor shaft, the partial flow (9) is conducted into a groove (12) which runs radially around the rotor shaft (3) and which defines a void (13),
in which the partial flow (9) is conducted through the void (13) defined by the groove (12) and
in which, after the partial flow (9) has at least partially passed through the void (13) defined by the groove (12), it is fed back into the main flow (7) conducted through the rotor (1),
wherein the partial flow is respectively conducted into and discharged from the groove offset on the circumference of the rotor shaft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20050022933 EP1785586B1 (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2005-10-20 | Rotor of a turbomachine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20050022933 EP1785586B1 (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2005-10-20 | Rotor of a turbomachine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1785586A1 EP1785586A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
| EP1785586B1 true EP1785586B1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
Family
ID=35788232
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20050022933 Ceased EP1785586B1 (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2005-10-20 | Rotor of a turbomachine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1785586B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2031183B1 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2015-04-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Steam turbine shaft with heat insulation layer |
| EP2412937A1 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Steam turbine and method for cooling same |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3429557A (en) * | 1966-06-30 | 1969-02-25 | Gen Electric | Steam turbine rotor cooling arrangement |
| JPS59153901A (en) * | 1983-02-21 | 1984-09-01 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Cooling device for rotor in steam turbine |
| DE3424139C2 (en) * | 1984-06-30 | 1996-02-22 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Gas turbine rotor |
| US4668161A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1987-05-26 | General Electric Company | Ventilation of turbine components |
| DE19620828C1 (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 1997-09-04 | Siemens Ag | Steam turbine shaft incorporating cooling circuit |
| WO1997049901A1 (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1997-12-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbine shaft and process for cooling it |
| DE19742621A1 (en) * | 1997-09-26 | 1999-04-08 | Siemens Ag | Shaft seal component for steam turbine machine |
| EP1452688A1 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2004-09-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Steam turbine rotor, method and use of actively cooling such a rotor |
-
2005
- 2005-10-20 EP EP20050022933 patent/EP1785586B1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1785586A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
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