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EP1743346A1 - Surge voltage protection device with arc-breaking means - Google Patents

Surge voltage protection device with arc-breaking means

Info

Publication number
EP1743346A1
EP1743346A1 EP04742539A EP04742539A EP1743346A1 EP 1743346 A1 EP1743346 A1 EP 1743346A1 EP 04742539 A EP04742539 A EP 04742539A EP 04742539 A EP04742539 A EP 04742539A EP 1743346 A1 EP1743346 A1 EP 1743346A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disconnection
arc
connection
breaking
varistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04742539A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1743346B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Georges Jean Donati
Alain René Robert LAGNOUX
Vincent André Lucien CREVENAT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB France SAS
Original Assignee
Soule Protection Surtensions SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soule Protection Surtensions SA filed Critical Soule Protection Surtensions SA
Priority to SI200431608T priority Critical patent/SI1743346T1/en
Publication of EP1743346A1 publication Critical patent/EP1743346A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1743346B1 publication Critical patent/EP1743346B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/32—Insulating body insertable between contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of devices for protecting electrical installations and equipment against transient electrical overvoltages.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltage comprising: - at least one protective component, provided with means for connection to the electrical installation, - a means for disconnecting the protective component from to the electrical installation, adapted to ensure the disconnection of the latter at the connection means, and capable of moving from a closed position to an open position thereby creating an interstitial space between the means of disconnection and connection means.
  • Protection devices for electrical installations are commonly used to protect electrical or electronic devices against overvoltages which may, for example, be generated by discharges due to lightning. These devices generally comprise an active part formed by one or more protective components, such as for example a varistor or a spark gap.
  • Varistors are components commonly used to protect electrical installations or equipment against transient overvoltages. When the varistors are exposed to voltages higher than a predetermined threshold value, they are likely to flow high currents and to absorb and dissipate the energy associated with the overvoltage while flowing the lightning current to the ground.
  • thermal disconnection means are intended to isolate the varistor from the electrical installation to be protected in the event of excessive heating of the protective component in order to limit the risk of fire.
  • the thermal disconnection means can thus be formed by a disconnection blade, welded to one of the electrodes of the varistor, and subjected to a mechanical stress tending to move it away from the corresponding electrode.
  • a disconnection blade welded to one of the electrodes of the varistor, and subjected to a mechanical stress tending to move it away from the corresponding electrode.
  • This phenomenon has the effect of significantly limiting the resistance of the protection device to high amplitude overvoltages.
  • the caliber of the complementary cut-off device must preferably be adapted to the capacity of the varistor, which generates technical constraints and an increase in the costs of implementing the overall protective equipment.
  • the complementary breaking device generally ensures the simultaneous and indiscriminate isolation of all the protective components of the device, while on the contrary it is desirable to isolate only the varistors having excessive heating and to maintain the others protective components in service.
  • the objects assigned to the invention therefore aim to remedy the various drawbacks listed above and to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages whose resistance to overvoltages is improved.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages which makes it possible to guarantee the individual disconnection of each protection component of the device.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages which is simple and reliable in design.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages requiring only a limited number of moving mechanical parts to obtain the connection and disconnection functions.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages which makes it possible to indicate in a reliable and instantaneous manner that a component for protecting the device is disconnected.
  • a device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltage comprising: - at least one protective component, provided with means for connection to the electrical installation, - A means of disconnecting the protective component from the electrical installation, adapted to ensure the disconnection of the latter at the connection means, and capable of moving from a closed position to a position of opening thereby creating an interstitial space between the disconnection means and the connection means, characterized in that it comprises arc cutting means, intended to prevent the formation of electric arcs between the disconnection means and the means connection when the disconnection means is in the open position, said arc breaking means being formed by an insulating flap, able to move at least partially within the interstitial space and comprising a central part, intended to be interposed between the disconnection means and the connection means, and lateral parts, shaped so as to prevent the circumvention of the connection means upure of arc by the electric arc.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, in a schematic view, a first variant of a surge protection device according to the invention provided with arc cutting means.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, in a general perspective view, a preferred embodiment of the arc breaking means of the protection device according to the invention.
  • FIGs 3a and 3b illustrate, in a schematic view, the positioning of the switching means when the varistor is in service ( Figure 3a) or when the varistor is disconnected ( Figure 3b).
  • Figures 4a and 4b illustrate, in a schematic view, another alternative embodiment of the arc breaking means of the device and their positioning when the varistor is in service ( Figure 4a) or disconnected ( Figure 4b).
  • the overvoltage protection device according to the invention is intended to be connected bypass to the electrical equipment or installation to be protected.
  • electrical installation refers to all types of devices or networks liable to undergo voltage disturbances, in particular transient overvoltages due to lightning.
  • the overvoltage protection device according to the invention is advantageously intended to be disposed between a phase of the installation to be protected and the earth.
  • the device instead of being connected in bypass between a phase and the earth, be connected between the neutral and the earth, between the phase and the neutral or between two phases (in the case of differential protection).
  • the protection device comprises at least one protection component 10 forming the active part of the arrester, intended to protect the electrical installation.
  • each protective component 10 of the device is formed by a varistor, it being understood that the use of a varistor is indicated only by way of example and does not in any way constitute a limitation of the invention.
  • the protection device comprises at least one varistor 10, in particular one or more varistors 10, each varistor 10 being provided with connection means 20 to the electrical installation.
  • the varistor 10 is preferably mounted within a housing 60 capable of being in the form of a cartridge adapted to be electrically connected to a fixed base (not shown) using a first and a second connection pads 22, 23.
  • one of the poles of the varistor 10 is connected directly to the first connection pad 22, the other pole of the varistor 10 being connected to the connection means 20, which are preferably formed by an electrode 21, for example in the form of a metal blade.
  • the electrode 21 projects, for example at 90 °, from one of the substantially planar faces 10A of the varistor 10.
  • the device also comprises a disconnection means 30 associated with the varistor 10, and adapted to disconnect the latter from the electrical installation.
  • the disconnection means 30 is specifically adapted to ensure the disconnection of the varistor at the connection means 20, and is for this purpose capable of moving from a closed position, illustrated for example in FIG. 3a, towards an open position illustrated in FIG. 3b, thus creating an interstitial space 11 between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means 20.
  • the disconnection means 30 is formed by a disconnection blade 31 which, in the closed position, is welded under stress on the connection means 20, precisely on the electrode 21, preferably using a hot melt weld (not shown). One of the ends 31 A of the disconnection blade 31 then comes into electrical contact with the electrode 21 via the weld, the other end 31 B being in permanent electrical contact with the second connection pad 23.
  • the disconnection blade 31 is then elastically constrained between its closed position, in which it comes into contact with the electrode 21 by means of thermal welding and its open position in which the disconnection blade 31 is no longer in contact with the corresponding electrode 21.
  • the device comprises arc cutting means 40, intended to prevent the formation of electric arcs between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means 20 when the disconnection means 30 is in the open position.
  • the spacing distance between the latter and the connection means 20 may not be sufficient, so that electric arcs are likely to form between the disconnection blade 31 and the corresponding electrode 21. This phenomenon then has the effect of limiting the surge withstand of the protection device.
  • the arc breaking means 40 are formed by an insulating flap 41 of which at least part is able to move within the interstitial space 11.
  • the insulating flap 41 thus comprises a central part 42 intended to be interposed between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means 20, and lateral parts 43, shaped so as to prevent the arcing means 40 from being circumvented by the 'electric arc.
  • the lateral parts 43 are shaped so as to generate an increase in the distance to be traveled by the electric arc to electrically connect the electrode 21 and the disconnection blade 31.
  • Such a device therefore makes it possible to increase the isolation distance between the disconnection means 30 and the corresponding connection means 20, thus improving the resistance of the overvoltage protection device.
  • the arc breaking means 40 and the disconnection means 30 are mounted relatively in such a way that when the disconnection means 30 are opened, the latter releases the arc breaking means 40, thus allowing displacement. of these.
  • the insulating flap 41 advantageously bears against the disconnection means 30 at a contact zone 30A (FIG. 3a).
  • the disconnection blade 31 is advantageously mounted under stress in such a way that during its opening, it departs sufficiently from the electrode 21 so as no longer to constitute an obstacle against the movement of the insulating flap 41.
  • the force responsible for the movement of the insulating flap 41 can be of any kind, but will preferably be an elastic restoring force.
  • the arc breaking means 40 advantageously comprise an elastic means 70, of the spring type, mounted so as to exert an elastic restoring force on the insulating flap 41, said restoring force being exerted in a direction substantially parallel to the compression axis of the elastic means 70.
  • the arc breaking means 40 and the disconnection means 30 are arranged relatively such that when the disconnection means 30 is in its closed position (FIG. 3a) the arc breaking means 40 are constrained elastically, for example by means of the elastic means 70, and come to bear against the disconnection means 30 at the level of the support zone 30A.
  • the device comprises means 50 for indicating the state of the varistor 10, said indication means 50 being actuated by the arc cutting means 40.
  • the release and the displacement of the arc breaking means 40 will trigger a change of state of the indication means 50 which will then take a configuration likely to inform third parties that a varistor is disconnected.
  • the indication means 50 can obviously be visual, or even auditory indication means. According to a preferred variant illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b, the indication means 50 are formed by a display member 51, preferably mounted on the means of arc cut 40 and capable of moving with the latter opposite a window 61 formed in the housing 60 of the device.
  • the display member 51 can be formed by a colored panel, welded, glued on or made in one piece with the insulating flap 41.
  • the maximum stroke of the insulating flap 41 is preferably predetermined so that the display member 51 comes to be positioned substantially opposite the window 61 when the insulating flap 41 reaches its terminal position.
  • the display member 51 may be colored in red, so that the visual appearance through the window 61 has, when the varistor 10 is connected, a red coloration informing third parties of the need to replace the protective component, namely varistor 10.
  • the indication means 50 can also be formed by remote signaling means.
  • the device will be designed in such a way that the movement of the insulating flap 41 has the effect of actuating a mechanism capable of triggering a remote signaling system for the state of the varistor.
  • the arc cutting means 40 are preferably formed by a substantially flat plate, forming the insulating flap 41, and the lateral parts 43 of which extend, from the central part 42, over a sufficient distance on either side of the disconnection means 30 and / or the means connection 20 to prevent the arc cutting means 40 from being bypassed by the electric arc.
  • the lateral parts 43 extend on either side of the central part 42 so as to prevent the latter from being circumvented by the electric arc.
  • the structure and shape of the insulating flap 41 thus makes it possible to increase the distance that the electric arc must travel to electrically connect the disconnection blade 31 to the electrode 21, which amounts to increasing the insulation distance between the means disconnection 30 and the connection means 20.
  • the isolation distance is defined as the distance that the electric arc must travel in the insulating medium, for example air, to electrically connect the connection means 20, in particular the electrode 21 , by means of disconnection 30.
  • an insulating flap 41 the lateral parts of which extend over a distance such that it makes it possible to significantly increase the isolation distance between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means. 20, in comparison with the devices of the prior art not comprising such an insulating flap.
  • the insulating flap 41, specifically the lateral parts 43 of the latter can be dimensioned so as to multiply at least by two, preferably by three, the isolation distance between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means. 20.
  • the shortest path T1 which the electric arc could take in the absence of the insulating flap 41 is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 1.
  • the path T2 which the electric arc could take also has been shown. presence of the insulating flap 41 provided with the only central part 42 and finally the path T3 of greater length than the paths T1 or T2, which the electric arc must take when the insulating flap 41 provided with its central part 42 and the lateral parts 43 is in the interstitial space 11.
  • the length of the path T3 thus corresponds to the isolation distance between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means 20, which is significantly increased due to the presence of the lateral parts 43.
  • the arc cutting means 40 advantageously form an envelope, shaped so as to come at least partially surround the disconnection means 30 and / or the connection means 20 when the means of disconnection 30 is in the open position.
  • the envelope may include a substantially planar central portion intended to be interposed between the disconnection blade 31 and the electrode 21, and substantially curved side portions so as to coat at least partially either the electrode 21, or the disconnection blade 31 so as to increase the isolation distance between them.
  • the arc cutting means 40 may comprise a sleeve 44, forming the envelope and intended to come to surround, at least partially, either the disconnection blade 31, or the corresponding electrode 21.
  • the sleeve 44 has a U-shaped cross section, as illustrated in Figures 2, 3a and 3b.
  • the sleeve 44 is delimited laterally by three walls 44A, 44C and 44D and longitudinally by a bottom 44B. All of these walls thus delimits an interior housing 45 opening at an opening 46 allowing the sleeve 44 to come to be fitted around the connection blade 21, thus coating the latter (FIG. 3b).
  • the arc breaking means 40 are mounted movable in rotation.
  • the sleeve 44 is then advantageously secured to an articulated arm 49, preferably formed by a plate.
  • the sleeve 44 is integrally formed with the arm 49, then forming with the latter a single and same functional part.
  • the sleeve 44 advantageously projects from the plate formed by the arm 49.
  • the walls 44A and 44C of the sleeve 44 extend substantially perpendicularly to the arm 49, thus forming the internal housing 45 which opens on the side of side 10A of varistor 10.
  • the arm 49 is advantageously mounted mobile in rotation about an axis 100, so that it can pivot around this axis under the action of the restoring force exerted by the elastic means 70.
  • the arm 49 then simultaneously drives the insulating flap 41 in a rotational movement.
  • the elastic means 70 preferably extends between a first fixed end 71, for example secured to the housing 60, and a second end 72, fixed on or coming to bear against the arm 49 and capable of moving with the latter within the housing 60.
  • the arm 49 advantageously moves in a direction substantially parallel to the face 10A of the varistor 10 and this until that the bottom 44B of the sleeve 44 abuts against the electrode 21, the latter then being isolated within the interior housing 45 of the sleeve 44.
  • This abutment then constitutes a means making it possible to determine with certainty the terminal position of the insulating flap 41, which makes it possible to adjust the relative positioning of the window 61 and of the display member 51.
  • stop pads not shown
  • the sleeve 44 has an extension 47, substantially perpendicular to the face 44C of said sleeve.
  • the extension 47 advantageously forms one of the side walls 43 of the insulating flap 41 and is interposed between the disconnection blade 31 on the one hand, and one of the faces 10A of the varistor 10 on the other hand, so as to prevent bypassing by an electric arc of the central part 42 of the insulating flap 41 formed by one of the faces 44C of the sleeve 44.
  • the opposite faces 44A, 44C of the sleeve 44 can advantageously be curved, so as to adapt to the rotational movement of the insulating flap 41. This makes it possible in particular to adjust the dimensions of the interior housing more precisely. 45 to the dimensions of the electrode 21.
  • the arc breaking means 40 are mounted movable in translation. According to this variant, an elastic means of the spring type (not shown) tends to resiliently return the insulating flap 41 to a position illustrated in FIG. 4b in which the sleeve 44 at least partially envelops the electrode 21.
  • the displacement of the sleeve 44 takes place in a direction D substantially rectilinear and parallel to the plane of extension of the face 10A of the varistor 10.
  • the sleeve 44 is advantageously provided with an interior housing 45 within which the electrode 21 is housed.
  • the device preferably comprises guide means (not shown) for guiding in translation of the insulating flap 41 between its initial position, in which it is constrained between the spring on the one hand and the blade of disconnection 31 on the other hand, and a terminal position in which it is released from the disconnection blade 31 and isolates the latter from the electrode 21.
  • the blade disconnection 31 deviates, by spring effect, from the electrode 21 thus creating an interstitial space between the electrode 21 of a part and the disconnection blade 31 on the other hand.
  • the disconnection blade 31 thus releases the insulating flap 41 which, under the action of the restoring force exerted by the elastic means 70 on the arm 49, pivots around the axis 100 and comes to be positioned, at least partially, in the interstitial space 11 between the electrode 21 and the disconnection blade 31.
  • the central part 42 of the insulating flap 41 formed by one of the faces 44C of the sleeve 44, is interposed between the disconnection blade 31 and the electrode 21.
  • the other faces 44A, 44D of the sleeve 44 then envelop the electrode 21, thus increasing the isolation distance between the latter and the disconnection blade 31.
  • the arc cutting means 40 and in particular the insulating flap 41 could, without departing from the scope of the invention, be formed by a sleeve mounted movable in translation or in rotation and designed so as to isolate not the electrode 21, but the end 31 A of the disconnection blade 31 intended to be welded to the electrode 21.
  • the protection device according to the invention therefore makes it possible, thanks to a particularly simple and reliable assembly, to ensure rapid and systematic disconnection of the protection component in the event of the latter heating up.
  • protection device makes it possible to avoid having to use an independent and complementary breaking device, of the fuse or circuit breaker type. In applications where the use of an additional cut-off device proves essential, it is possible to increase the size of the latter in complete safety.
  • the invention finds its industrial application in electrical devices for protection against transient overvoltages.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

A device for protecting an electrical system against surge voltages, comprising one or more protection components (10) provided with means (20) for connecting same with said system and means (30) for disconnecting said component (10) from said system, characterised in that it comprises arc-breaking means (40) for preventing the generation of electric arcs between the disconnection means (30) and the connection means (20) when the disconnection means (30) is in an open state, wherein said arc-breaking means (40) consist of an insulating flap (41) capable of moving within the gap (11) and comprising a central portion (42) to be positioned between the disconnection (30) and connection (20) means, and side portions (43) shaped in such a way as to prevent the electric arc from bypassing the arc-breaking means (40). Electrical surge voltage protection devices are also described.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION CONTRE LES SURTENSIONS POURVU DE MOYENS DE COUPURE D'ARC OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE PROVIDED WITH ARC BREAKING MEANS
DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine technique général des dispositifs de protection d'installations et d'équipements électriques contre des surtensions électriques transitoires.The present invention relates to the general technical field of devices for protecting electrical installations and equipment against transient electrical overvoltages.
La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif de protection d'une installation électrique contre les surtensions comportant : - au moins un composant de protection, pourvu de moyens de raccordement à l'installation électrique, - un moyen de déconnexion du composant de protection par rapport à l'installation électrique, adapté pour assurer la déconnexion de ce dernier au niveau des moyens de raccordement, et susceptible de se déplacer à partir d'une position de fermeture vers une position d'ouverture en créant ainsi un espace interstitiel entre le moyen de déconnexion et les moyens de raccordement.The present invention relates more particularly to a device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltage comprising: - at least one protective component, provided with means for connection to the electrical installation, - a means for disconnecting the protective component from to the electrical installation, adapted to ensure the disconnection of the latter at the connection means, and capable of moving from a closed position to an open position thereby creating an interstitial space between the means of disconnection and connection means.
TECHNIQUE ANTERIEUREPRIOR ART
Les dispositifs de protection d'installations électriques sont couramment utilisés pour protéger des appareils électriques ou électroniques contre des surtensions pouvant être par exemple générées par des décharges dues à la foudre. Ces dispositifs comportent de manière générale une partie active formée par un ou plusieurs composants de protection, tels que par exemple une varistance ou un éclateur.Protection devices for electrical installations are commonly used to protect electrical or electronic devices against overvoltages which may, for example, be generated by discharges due to lightning. These devices generally comprise an active part formed by one or more protective components, such as for example a varistor or a spark gap.
Les varistances sont des composants couramment utilisés pour protéger des installations ou des équipements électriques contre des surtensions transitoires. Lorsque les varistances sont exposées à des tensions supérieures à une valeur seuil prédéterminée, elles sont susceptibles d'écouler des courants élevés et d'absorber et dissiper l'énergie associée à la surtension tout en écoulant le courant de foudre à la terre.Varistors are components commonly used to protect electrical installations or equipment against transient overvoltages. When the varistors are exposed to voltages higher than a predetermined threshold value, they are likely to flow high currents and to absorb and dissipate the energy associated with the overvoltage while flowing the lightning current to the ground.
Lorsqu'une surtension se produit au sein de l'installation, la varistance subit un choc de courant qui provoque un échauffement thermique du composant. C'est la raison pour laquelle les dispositifs de protection utilisant des varistances sont généralement pourvus de moyens de déconnexion thermique. Ces moyens de déconnexion thermique sont destinés à isoler la varistance de l'installation électrique à protéger en cas d'échauffement excessif du composant de protection afin de limiter les risques d'incendie.When an overvoltage occurs within the installation, the varistor undergoes a current shock which causes the component to heat up thermally. This is the reason why protection devices using varistors are generally provided with thermal disconnection means. These thermal disconnection means are intended to isolate the varistor from the electrical installation to be protected in the event of excessive heating of the protective component in order to limit the risk of fire.
Les moyens de déconnexion thermique peuvent ainsi être formés par une lame de déconnexion, soudée à l'une des électrodes de la varistance, et soumise à une contrainte mécanique tendant à l'écarter de l'électrode correspondante. Ainsi, lorsqu'une surtension excessive ou une utilisation prolongée provoque la rupture ou la fusion de la soudure, la lame de déconnexion s'écarte de l'électrode, isolant ainsi la varistance de l'installation à protéger.The thermal disconnection means can thus be formed by a disconnection blade, welded to one of the electrodes of the varistor, and subjected to a mechanical stress tending to move it away from the corresponding electrode. Thus, when an excessive overvoltage or prolonged use causes the rupture or fusion of the weld, the disconnection blade moves away from the electrode, thus isolating the varistor from the installation to be protected.
Bien qu'ils soient couramment utilisés, de tels dispositifs souffrent néanmoins de plusieurs inconvénients non négligeables. Ainsi, après fusion ou rupture de la soudure, la distance d'isolement créée entre la lame de déconnexion et l'électrode de la varistance est généralement assez faible.Although they are commonly used, such devices nevertheless suffer from several significant disadvantages. Thus, after fusion or rupture of the weld, the insulation distance created between the disconnection blade and the varistor electrode is generally quite small.
Dès lors, si une surtension de forte amplitude vient à se produire, il peut arriver que l'ouverture mécanique des moyens de déconnexion ne soit pas suffisante pour isoler complètement la varistance de l'installation électrique, un arc électrique étant alors susceptible de se former entre la lame de déconnexion et l'électrode correspondante de la varistance.Consequently, if a high amplitude overvoltage occurs, it may happen that the mechanical opening of the disconnection means is not sufficient to completely isolate the varistor from the electrical installation, an electric arc then being liable to form between the disconnection blade and the corresponding varistor electrode.
Ce phénomène a pour effet de limiter de manière significative la tenue du dispositif de protection aux surtensions de fortes amplitudes.This phenomenon has the effect of significantly limiting the resistance of the protection device to high amplitude overvoltages.
Pour parer à cet inconvénient, il est connu d'utiliser un organe de coupure complémentaire, du type disjoncteur ou fusible, qui assure l'interruption définitive du courant circulant dans le dispositif de protection.To overcome this drawback, it is known to use an additional breaking device, of the circuit breaker or fuse type, which ensures the permanent interruption of the current flowing in the protection device.
Les dispositifs équipés de cet organe de coupure supplémentaire, s'ils présentent l'avantage d'être particulièrement sûrs et efficaces, souffrent cependant de plusieurs inconvénients.Devices equipped with this additional cut-off device, if they have the advantage of being particularly safe and effective, however suffer from several drawbacks.
Tout d'abord, le calibre de l'organe de coupure complémentaire doit de préférence être adapté à la capacité de la varistance, ce qui génère des contraintes techniques et une augmentation des coûts de mise en œuvre de l'équipement global de protection.First of all, the caliber of the complementary cut-off device must preferably be adapted to the capacity of the varistor, which generates technical constraints and an increase in the costs of implementing the overall protective equipment.
En outre, l'organe de coupure complémentaire assure généralement l'isolation simultanée et sans distinction de tous les composants de protection du dispositif, alors qu'il est souhaitable au contraire d'isoler uniquement les varistances présentant un échauffement excessif et de maintenir les autres composants de protection en service. EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONIn addition, the complementary breaking device generally ensures the simultaneous and indiscriminate isolation of all the protective components of the device, while on the contrary it is desirable to isolate only the varistors having excessive heating and to maintain the others protective components in service. STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
Les objets assignés à l'invention visent en conséquence à porter remède aux divers inconvénients énumérés précédemment et à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection d'installations électriques contre des surtensions dont la tenue aux surtensions est améliorée.The objects assigned to the invention therefore aim to remedy the various drawbacks listed above and to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages whose resistance to overvoltages is improved.
Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection d'installations électriques contre des surtensions qui permette de garantir la déconnexion individuelle de chaque composant de protection du dispositif.Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages which makes it possible to guarantee the individual disconnection of each protection component of the device.
Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection d'installations électriques contre des surtensions qui soit de conception simple et fiable.Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages which is simple and reliable in design.
Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection d'installations électriques contre des surtensions ne nécessitant qu'un nombre limité de pièces mécaniques en mouvement pour obtenir les fonctions de connexion et de déconnexion.Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages requiring only a limited number of moving mechanical parts to obtain the connection and disconnection functions.
Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection d'installations électriques contre des surtensions qui permette d'indiquer de manière fiable et instantanée qu'un composant de protection du dispositif est déconnecté.Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting electrical installations against overvoltages which makes it possible to indicate in a reliable and instantaneous manner that a component for protecting the device is disconnected.
Les objets assignés à l'invention sont atteints à l'aide d'un dispositif de protection d'une installation électrique contre les surtensions comportant : - au moins un composant de protection, pourvu de moyens de raccordement à l'installation électrique, - un moyen de déconnexion du composant de protection par rapport à l'installation électrique, adapté pour assurer la déconnexion de ce dernier au niveau des moyens de raccordement, et susceptible de se déplacer à partir d'une position de fermeture vers une position d'ouverture en créant ainsi un espace interstitiel entre le moyen de déconnexion et les moyens de raccordement, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de coupure d'arc, destinés à empêcher la formation d'arcs électriques entre le moyen de déconnexion et les moyens de raccordement lorsque le moyen de déconnexion est en position d'ouverture, lesdits moyens de coupure d'arc étant formés par un volet isolant, apte à se déplacer au moins partiellement au sein de l'espace interstitiel et comportant une partie centrale, destinée à être interposée entre le moyen de déconnexion et les moyens de raccordement, et des parties latérales, conformées de manière à empêcher le contoumement des moyens de coupure d'arc par l'arc électrique.The objects assigned to the invention are achieved using a device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltage comprising: - at least one protective component, provided with means for connection to the electrical installation, - A means of disconnecting the protective component from the electrical installation, adapted to ensure the disconnection of the latter at the connection means, and capable of moving from a closed position to a position of opening thereby creating an interstitial space between the disconnection means and the connection means, characterized in that it comprises arc cutting means, intended to prevent the formation of electric arcs between the disconnection means and the means connection when the disconnection means is in the open position, said arc breaking means being formed by an insulating flap, able to move at least partially within the interstitial space and comprising a central part, intended to be interposed between the disconnection means and the connection means, and lateral parts, shaped so as to prevent the circumvention of the connection means upure of arc by the electric arc.
DESCRIPTIF SOMMAIRE DES DESSINSSUMMARY OF DRAWINGS
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront et ressortiront plus en détails à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, en référence aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre purement illustratif et non limitatif, dans lesquels :Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent and will emerge in more detail on reading the description given below, with reference to the appended drawings, given purely by way of non-limiting illustration, in which:
- La figure 1 illustre, selon une vue schématique, une première variante d'un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions conforme à l'invention pourvu de moyens de coupure d'arc.- Figure 1 illustrates, in a schematic view, a first variant of a surge protection device according to the invention provided with arc cutting means.
- La figure 2 illustre, selon une vue générale en perspective, une variante préférentielle de réalisation des moyens de coupure d'arc du dispositif de protection conforme à l'invention. - Les figures 3a et 3b illustrent, selon une vue schématique, le positionnement des moyens de coupure lorsque la varistance est en service (figure 3a) ou lorsque la varistance est déconnectée (figure 3b).- Figure 2 illustrates, in a general perspective view, a preferred embodiment of the arc breaking means of the protection device according to the invention. - Figures 3a and 3b illustrate, in a schematic view, the positioning of the switching means when the varistor is in service (Figure 3a) or when the varistor is disconnected (Figure 3b).
- Les figures 4a et 4b illustrent, selon une vue schématique, une autre variante de réalisation des moyens de coupure d'arc du dispositif et leur positionnement lorsque la varistance est en service (figure 4a) ou déconnectée (figure 4b).- Figures 4a and 4b illustrate, in a schematic view, another alternative embodiment of the arc breaking means of the device and their positioning when the varistor is in service (Figure 4a) or disconnected (Figure 4b).
MEILLEURE MANIERE DE REALISER L'INVENTIONBEST WAY TO IMPLEMENT THE INVENTION
Le dispositif de protection contre les surtensions conforme à l'invention est destiné à être branché en dérivation sur l'équipement ou l'installation électrique à protéger. L'expression « installation électrique » fait référence à tous types d'appareils ou réseaux susceptibles de subir des perturbations de tension, notamment des surtensions transitoires dues à la foudre.The overvoltage protection device according to the invention is intended to be connected bypass to the electrical equipment or installation to be protected. The expression “electrical installation” refers to all types of devices or networks liable to undergo voltage disturbances, in particular transient overvoltages due to lightning.
Le dispositif de protection contre les surtensions conforme à l'invention est avantageusement destiné à être disposé entre une phase de l'installation à protéger et la terre.The overvoltage protection device according to the invention is advantageously intended to be disposed between a phase of the installation to be protected and the earth.
Il est par ailleurs envisageable, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention, que le dispositif, au lieu d'être branché en dérivation entre une phase et la terre, soit branché entre le neutre et la terre, entre la phase et le neutre ou entre deux phases (cas d'une protection différentielle).It is also conceivable, without departing from the scope of the invention, that the device, instead of being connected in bypass between a phase and the earth, be connected between the neutral and the earth, between the phase and the neutral or between two phases (in the case of differential protection).
Le dispositif de protection conforme à l'invention comporte au moins un composant de protection 10 formant la partie active du parafoudre, destiné à protéger l'installation électrique. Dans la suite de la description, on considère que chaque composant de protection 10 du dispositif est formé par une varistance, étant entendu que l'utilisation d'une varistance n'est indiquée qu'à titre d'exemple et ne constitue en aucune manière une limitation de l'invention.The protection device according to the invention comprises at least one protection component 10 forming the active part of the arrester, intended to protect the electrical installation. In the following description, it is considered that each protective component 10 of the device is formed by a varistor, it being understood that the use of a varistor is indicated only by way of example and does not in any way constitute a limitation of the invention.
Le dispositif de protection conforme à l'invention comporte au moins une varistance 10, notamment une ou plusieurs varistances 10, chaque varistance 10 étant pourvue de moyens de raccordement 20 à l'installation électrique. La varistance 10 est de préférence montée au sein d'un boîtier 60 susceptible de se présenter sous la forme d'une cartouche adaptée pour être connectée électriquement à une embase fixe (non représentée) à l'aide d'un premier et d'un deuxième plots de connexion 22, 23. Ainsi, l'un des pôles de la varistance 10 est connecté directement au premier plot de connexion 22, l'autre pôle de la varistance 10 étant relié aux moyens de raccordement 20, lesquels sont de préférence formés par une électrode 21 se présentant par exemple sous la forme d'une lame métallique.The protection device according to the invention comprises at least one varistor 10, in particular one or more varistors 10, each varistor 10 being provided with connection means 20 to the electrical installation. The varistor 10 is preferably mounted within a housing 60 capable of being in the form of a cartridge adapted to be electrically connected to a fixed base (not shown) using a first and a second connection pads 22, 23. Thus, one of the poles of the varistor 10 is connected directly to the first connection pad 22, the other pole of the varistor 10 being connected to the connection means 20, which are preferably formed by an electrode 21, for example in the form of a metal blade.
De façon préférentielle, et tel que cela est représenté sur la figure 1 , l'électrode 21 fait saillie, par exemple à 90°, à partir de l'une des faces 10A sensiblement plane de la varistance 10.Preferably, and as shown in FIG. 1, the electrode 21 projects, for example at 90 °, from one of the substantially planar faces 10A of the varistor 10.
Selon l'invention, le dispositif comprend également un moyen de déconnexion 30 associé à la varistance 10, et adapté pour déconnecter cette dernière de l'installation électrique.According to the invention, the device also comprises a disconnection means 30 associated with the varistor 10, and adapted to disconnect the latter from the electrical installation.
Le moyen de déconnexion 30 est spécifiquement adapté pour assurer la déconnexion de la varistance au niveau des moyens de raccordement 20, et est à cet effet susceptible de se déplacer à partir d'une position de fermeture, illustrée par exemple sur la figure 3a, vers une position d'ouverture illustrée sur la figure 3b, en créant ainsi un espace interstitiel 11 entre le moyen de déconnexion 30 et les moyens de raccordement 20. De façon préférentielle, le moyen de déconnexion 30 est formé par une lame de déconnexion 31 qui, en position de fermeture, est soudée en contrainte sur les moyens de raccordement 20, précisément sur l'électrode 21 , de préférence à l'aide d'une soudure thermofusible (non représentée). L'une des extrémités 31 A de la lame de déconnexion 31 vient alors en contact électrique avec l'électrode 21 par l'intermédiaire de la soudure, l'autre extrémité 31 B étant en contact électrique permanent avec le deuxième plot de connexion 23.The disconnection means 30 is specifically adapted to ensure the disconnection of the varistor at the connection means 20, and is for this purpose capable of moving from a closed position, illustrated for example in FIG. 3a, towards an open position illustrated in FIG. 3b, thus creating an interstitial space 11 between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means 20. Preferably, the disconnection means 30 is formed by a disconnection blade 31 which, in the closed position, is welded under stress on the connection means 20, precisely on the electrode 21, preferably using a hot melt weld (not shown). One of the ends 31 A of the disconnection blade 31 then comes into electrical contact with the electrode 21 via the weld, the other end 31 B being in permanent electrical contact with the second connection pad 23.
La lame de déconnexion 31 est alors contrainte élastiquement entre sa position de fermeture, dans laquelle elle vient en contact avec l'électrode 21 par le biais de la soudure thermique et sa position d'ouverture dans laquelle la lame de déconnexion 31 n'est plus en contact avec l'électrode 21 correspondante.The disconnection blade 31 is then elastically constrained between its closed position, in which it comes into contact with the electrode 21 by means of thermal welding and its open position in which the disconnection blade 31 is no longer in contact with the corresponding electrode 21.
Ainsi, lors du passage de sa position de fermeture à sa position d'ouverture, la lame de déconnexion 31 , notamment l'extrémité 31A de cette dernière, s'écarte, par effet ressort, de l'électrode 21.Thus, when passing from its closed position to its open position, the disconnection blade 31, in particular the end 31A of the latter, moves away, by spring effect, from the electrode 21.
Selon une caractéristique particulièrement intéressante de l'invention, le dispositif comporte des moyens de coupure d'arc 40, destinés à empêcher la formation d'arcs électriques entre le moyen de déconnexion 30 et les moyens de raccordement 20 lorsque le moyen de déconnexion 30 est en position d'ouverture. Ainsi, lors de l'ouverture du moyen de déconnexion 30, la distance d'écartement entre ce dernier et les moyens de raccordement 20 peut ne pas être suffisante, de telle sorte que des arcs électriques sont susceptibles de se former entre la lame de déconnexion 31 et l'électrode 21 correspondante. Ce phénomène a alors pour effet de limiter la tenue aux surtensions du dispositif de protection. Selon l'invention, les moyens de coupure d'arc 40 sont formés par un volet isolant 41 dont une partie au moins est apte à se déplacer au sein de l'espace interstitiel 11.According to a particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the device comprises arc cutting means 40, intended to prevent the formation of electric arcs between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means 20 when the disconnection means 30 is in the open position. Thus, during the opening of the disconnection means 30, the spacing distance between the latter and the connection means 20 may not be sufficient, so that electric arcs are likely to form between the disconnection blade 31 and the corresponding electrode 21. This phenomenon then has the effect of limiting the surge withstand of the protection device. According to the invention, the arc breaking means 40 are formed by an insulating flap 41 of which at least part is able to move within the interstitial space 11.
Le volet isolant 41 comporte ainsi une partie centrale 42 destinée à être interposée entre le moyen de déconnexion 30 et les moyens de raccordement 20, et des parties latérales 43, conformées de manière à empêcher le contoumement des moyens de coupure d'arc 40 par l'arc électrique.The insulating flap 41 thus comprises a central part 42 intended to be interposed between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means 20, and lateral parts 43, shaped so as to prevent the arcing means 40 from being circumvented by the 'electric arc.
En particulier, les parties latérales 43 sont conformées de manière à générer une augmentation de la distance à parcourir par l'arc électrique pour relier électriquement l'électrode 21 et la lame de déconnexion 31.In particular, the lateral parts 43 are shaped so as to generate an increase in the distance to be traveled by the electric arc to electrically connect the electrode 21 and the disconnection blade 31.
Un tel dispositif permet donc d'augmenter la distance d'isolement entre le moyen de déconnexion 30 et les moyens de raccordement 20 correspondants, améliorant ainsi la tenue du dispositif de protection aux surtensions.Such a device therefore makes it possible to increase the isolation distance between the disconnection means 30 and the corresponding connection means 20, thus improving the resistance of the overvoltage protection device.
Si le volet isolant 41 était uniquement pourvu d'une partie centrale 42, il pourrait se produire un contoumement de cette partie centrale 42 par l'arc électrique, ce qui limiterait l'effet du volet isolant 41.If the insulating flap 41 were only provided with a central part 42, this central part 42 could be bypassed by the electric arc, which would limit the effect of the insulating flap 41.
Avantageusement, les moyens de coupure d'arc 40 et le moyen de déconnexion 30 sont montés relativement de telle manière que lors de l'ouverture du moyen de déconnexion 30, ce dernier libère les moyens de coupure d'arc 40, autorisant ainsi le déplacement de ces derniers. Lorsque le moyen de déconnexion 30 est en position de fermeture, le volet isolant 41 vient avantageusement en appui contre le moyen de déconnexion 30 au niveau d'une zone de contact 30A (figure 3a). La lame de déconnexion 31 est avantageusement montée en contrainte de telle manière que lors de son ouverture, elle s'écarte suffisamment de l'électrode 21 pour ne plus constituer un obstacle à encontre du déplacement du volet isolant 41.Advantageously, the arc breaking means 40 and the disconnection means 30 are mounted relatively in such a way that when the disconnection means 30 are opened, the latter releases the arc breaking means 40, thus allowing displacement. of these. When the disconnection means 30 is in the closed position, the insulating flap 41 advantageously bears against the disconnection means 30 at a contact zone 30A (FIG. 3a). The disconnection blade 31 is advantageously mounted under stress in such a way that during its opening, it departs sufficiently from the electrode 21 so as no longer to constitute an obstacle against the movement of the insulating flap 41.
La force responsable du déplacement du volet isolant 41 peut être de toute nature, mais sera de préférence une force de rappel élastique. A cet effet, les moyens de coupure d'arc 40 comportent avantageusement un moyen élastique 70, du genre ressort, monté de manière à exercer une force de rappel élastique sur le volet isolant 41, ladite force de rappel s'exerçant suivant une direction sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de compression du moyen élastique 70.The force responsible for the movement of the insulating flap 41 can be of any kind, but will preferably be an elastic restoring force. To this end, the arc breaking means 40 advantageously comprise an elastic means 70, of the spring type, mounted so as to exert an elastic restoring force on the insulating flap 41, said restoring force being exerted in a direction substantially parallel to the compression axis of the elastic means 70.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, les moyens de coupure d'arc 40 et le moyen de déconnexion 30 sont disposés relativement de telle sorte que lorsque le moyen de déconnexion 30 est dans sa position de fermeture (figure 3a) les moyens de coupure d'arc 40 soient contraints élastiquement, par exemple par le biais du moyen élastique 70, et viennent en appui contre le moyen de déconnexion 30 au niveau de la zone d'appui 30A.In a particularly advantageous manner, the arc breaking means 40 and the disconnection means 30 are arranged relatively such that when the disconnection means 30 is in its closed position (FIG. 3a) the arc breaking means 40 are constrained elastically, for example by means of the elastic means 70, and come to bear against the disconnection means 30 at the level of the support zone 30A.
Selon une autre caractéristique particulièrement avantageuse de l'invention, le dispositif comporte des moyens d'indication 50 de l'état de la varistance 10, lesdits moyens d'indication 50 étant actionnés par les moyens de coupure d'arc 40. Ainsi, lors de l'ouverture du moyen de déconnexion 30, la libération et le déplacement des moyens de coupure d'arc 40 va déclencher un changement d'état des moyens d'indication 50 qui vont alors prendre une configuration de nature à informer les tiers qu'une varistance est déconnectée.According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the device comprises means 50 for indicating the state of the varistor 10, said indication means 50 being actuated by the arc cutting means 40. Thus, during of the opening of the disconnection means 30, the release and the displacement of the arc breaking means 40 will trigger a change of state of the indication means 50 which will then take a configuration likely to inform third parties that a varistor is disconnected.
Les moyens d'indication 50 peuvent bien évidemment être des moyens d'indication visuels, ou encore auditifs. Selon une variante préférentielle illustrée sur les figures 3a et 3b, les moyens d'indication 50 sont formés par un organe de visualisation 51, de préférence monté sur les moyens de coupure d'arc 40 et susceptible de se déplacer avec ces derniers en regard d'une fenêtre 61 ménagée dans le boîtier 60 du dispositif.The indication means 50 can obviously be visual, or even auditory indication means. According to a preferred variant illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b, the indication means 50 are formed by a display member 51, preferably mounted on the means of arc cut 40 and capable of moving with the latter opposite a window 61 formed in the housing 60 of the device.
De façon préférentielle, l'organe de visualisation 51 peut être formé par un panneau coloré, soudé, collé sur ou venu de matière avec le volet isolant 41. La course maximale du volet isolant 41 est de préférence pré-déterminée de manière à ce que l'organe de visualisation 51 vienne se positionner sensiblement en regard de la fenêtre 61 lorsque le volet isolant 41 atteint sa position terminale.Preferably, the display member 51 can be formed by a colored panel, welded, glued on or made in one piece with the insulating flap 41. The maximum stroke of the insulating flap 41 is preferably predetermined so that the display member 51 comes to be positioned substantially opposite the window 61 when the insulating flap 41 reaches its terminal position.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, l'organe de visualisation 51 pourra être coloré en rouge, de telle sorte que l'aspect visuel à travers la fenêtre 61 présente, lorsque la varistance 10 est connectée, une coloration rouge informant les tiers de la nécessité de remplacer le composant de protection, à savoir la varistance 10.In a particularly advantageous manner, the display member 51 may be colored in red, so that the visual appearance through the window 61 has, when the varistor 10 is connected, a red coloration informing third parties of the need to replace the protective component, namely varistor 10.
Bien évidement, les moyens d'indication 50 pourront également être formés par des moyens de télésignalisation. Selon cette variante, le dispositif sera conçu de telle manière que le déplacement du volet isolant 41 ait pour effet d'actionner un mécanisme susceptible de déclencher un système de signalisation à distance de l'état de la varistance.Obviously, the indication means 50 can also be formed by remote signaling means. According to this variant, the device will be designed in such a way that the movement of the insulating flap 41 has the effect of actuating a mechanism capable of triggering a remote signaling system for the state of the varistor.
Plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention vont maintenant être décrits en se référant aux figures 1 à 4b.Several embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to Figures 1 to 4b.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention illustré sur la figure 1, les moyens de coupure d'arc 40 sont préférentiellement formés par une plaque sensiblement plane, formant le volet isolant 41, et dont les parties latérales 43 s'étendent, à partir de la partie centrale 42, sur une distance suffisante de part et d'autre du moyen de déconnexion 30 et/ou des moyens de raccordement 20 pour empêcher le contoumement des moyens de coupure d'arc 40 par l'arc électrique.According to a first embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1, the arc cutting means 40 are preferably formed by a substantially flat plate, forming the insulating flap 41, and the lateral parts 43 of which extend, from the central part 42, over a sufficient distance on either side of the disconnection means 30 and / or the means connection 20 to prevent the arc cutting means 40 from being bypassed by the electric arc.
En particulier, les parties latérales 43 s'étendent de part et d'autre de la partie centrale 42 de manière à empêcher le contoumement de cette dernière par l'arc électrique. La structure et la forme du volet isolant 41 permettent ainsi d'augmenter la distance que l'arc électrique doit parcourir pour relier électriquement la lame de déconnexion 31 à l'électrode 21 , ce qui revient à augmenter la distance d'isolement entre le moyen de déconnexion 30 et les moyens de raccordement 20.In particular, the lateral parts 43 extend on either side of the central part 42 so as to prevent the latter from being circumvented by the electric arc. The structure and shape of the insulating flap 41 thus makes it possible to increase the distance that the electric arc must travel to electrically connect the disconnection blade 31 to the electrode 21, which amounts to increasing the insulation distance between the means disconnection 30 and the connection means 20.
Au sens de l'invention, la distance d'isolement est définie comme la distance que doit parcourir l'arc électrique dans le milieu isolant, par exemple l'air, pour relier électriquement les moyens de raccordement 20, en particulier l'électrode 21 , au moyen de déconnexion 30.Within the meaning of the invention, the isolation distance is defined as the distance that the electric arc must travel in the insulating medium, for example air, to electrically connect the connection means 20, in particular the electrode 21 , by means of disconnection 30.
L'homme du métier pourra ainsi réaliser un volet isolant 41 dont les parties latérales 43 s'étendent sur une distance telle qu'elle permet d'augmenter de manière significative la distance d'isolement entre le moyen de déconnexion 30 et les moyens de raccordement 20, en comparaison avec les dispositifs de l'art antérieur ne comportant pas un tel volet isolant. A titre purement indicatif, le volet isolant 41 , précisément les parties latérales 43 de ce dernier pourront être dimensionnees de manière à multiplier au moins par deux, de préférence par trois la distance d'isolement entre le moyen de déconnexion 30 et les moyens de raccordement 20.A person skilled in the art will thus be able to produce an insulating flap 41 the lateral parts of which extend over a distance such that it makes it possible to significantly increase the isolation distance between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means. 20, in comparison with the devices of the prior art not comprising such an insulating flap. For purely indicative purposes, the insulating flap 41, specifically the lateral parts 43 of the latter can be dimensioned so as to multiply at least by two, preferably by three, the isolation distance between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means. 20.
A titre illustratif, on a représenté en pointillés sur la figure 1 le trajet T1 le plus court que pourrait emprunter l'arc électrique en l'absence du volet isolant 41. On a également représenté le trajet T2 que pourrait emprunter l'arc électrique en présence du volet isolant 41 pourvu de la seule partie centrale 42 et enfin le trajet T3 de longueur plus importante que les trajets T1 ou T2, que doit emprunter l'arc électrique lorsque le volet isolant 41 pourvu de sa partie centrale 42 et des parties latérales 43 se trouve dans l'espace interstitiel 11.By way of illustration, the shortest path T1 which the electric arc could take in the absence of the insulating flap 41 is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 1. The path T2 which the electric arc could take also has been shown. presence of the insulating flap 41 provided with the only central part 42 and finally the path T3 of greater length than the paths T1 or T2, which the electric arc must take when the insulating flap 41 provided with its central part 42 and the lateral parts 43 is in the interstitial space 11.
La longueur du trajet T3 correspond ainsi à la distance d'isolement entre le moyen de déconnexion 30 et les moyens de raccordement 20, laquelle se trouve significativement augmentée en raison de la présence des parties latérales 43.The length of the path T3 thus corresponds to the isolation distance between the disconnection means 30 and the connection means 20, which is significantly increased due to the presence of the lateral parts 43.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, les moyens de coupure d'arc 40 forment avantageusement une enveloppe, conformée de manière à venir entourer au moins partiellement le moyen de déconnexion 30 et/ou les moyens de raccordement 20 lorsque le moyen de déconnexion 30 est en position d'ouverture.According to another embodiment of the invention, the arc cutting means 40 advantageously form an envelope, shaped so as to come at least partially surround the disconnection means 30 and / or the connection means 20 when the means of disconnection 30 is in the open position.
Selon une première variante non représentée, l'enveloppe peut comporter une partie centrale sensiblement plane destinée à être interposée entre la lame de déconnexion 31 et l'électrode 21 , et des parties latérales sensiblement recourbées de manière à venir enrober au moins partiellement soit l'électrode 21 , soit la lame de déconnexion 31 de manière à augmenter la distance d'isolement entre ces dernières.According to a first variant not shown, the envelope may include a substantially planar central portion intended to be interposed between the disconnection blade 31 and the electrode 21, and substantially curved side portions so as to coat at least partially either the electrode 21, or the disconnection blade 31 so as to increase the isolation distance between them.
Selon une autre variante de réalisation illustrée sur les figures 2 à 4b, les moyens de coupure d'arc 40 peuvent comporter un manchon 44, formant l'enveloppe et destiné à venir entourer, au moins partiellement soit la lame de déconnexion 31 , soit l'électrode 21 correspondante.According to another alternative embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4b, the arc cutting means 40 may comprise a sleeve 44, forming the envelope and intended to come to surround, at least partially, either the disconnection blade 31, or the corresponding electrode 21.
De façon préférentielle, le manchon 44 présente une section transversale en forme de U, tel que cela est illustré sur les figures 2, 3a et 3b. Avantageusement, le manchon 44 est délimité latéralement par trois parois 44A, 44C et 44D et longitudinalement par un fond 44B. L'ensemble de ces parois délimite ainsi un logement intérieur 45 débouchant au niveau d'une ouverture 46 permettant au manchon 44 de venir s'emmancher autour de la lame de connexion 21 , enrobant ainsi cette dernière (figure 3b).Preferably, the sleeve 44 has a U-shaped cross section, as illustrated in Figures 2, 3a and 3b. Advantageously, the sleeve 44 is delimited laterally by three walls 44A, 44C and 44D and longitudinally by a bottom 44B. All of these walls thus delimits an interior housing 45 opening at an opening 46 allowing the sleeve 44 to come to be fitted around the connection blade 21, thus coating the latter (FIG. 3b).
Selon une première variante de l'invention illustrée sur les figures 2, 3a et 3b, les moyens de coupure d'arc 40 sont montés mobiles en rotation.According to a first variant of the invention illustrated in Figures 2, 3a and 3b, the arc breaking means 40 are mounted movable in rotation.
Le manchon 44 est alors avantageusement solidarisé avec un bras 49 articulé, de préférence formé par un plateau. De façon préférentielle, le manchon 44 est venu de matière avec le bras 49, formant alors avec ce dernier une seule et même pièce fonctionnelle.The sleeve 44 is then advantageously secured to an articulated arm 49, preferably formed by a plate. Preferably, the sleeve 44 is integrally formed with the arm 49, then forming with the latter a single and same functional part.
Le manchon 44 fait avantageusement saillie à partir du plateau formé par le bras 49. Ainsi, les parois 44A et 44C du manchon 44 s'étendent sensiblement perpendiculairement par rapport au bras 49, formant ainsi le logement intérieur 45 qui s'ouvre du côté de la face 10A de la varistance 10.The sleeve 44 advantageously projects from the plate formed by the arm 49. Thus, the walls 44A and 44C of the sleeve 44 extend substantially perpendicularly to the arm 49, thus forming the internal housing 45 which opens on the side of side 10A of varistor 10.
Le bras 49 est avantageusement monté mobile en rotation autour d'un axe 100, de telle sorte qu'il puisse pivoter autour de cet axe sous l'action de la force de rappel exercée par le moyen élastique 70. Le bras 49 entraîne alors simultanément le volet isolant 41 dans un mouvement de rotation.The arm 49 is advantageously mounted mobile in rotation about an axis 100, so that it can pivot around this axis under the action of the restoring force exerted by the elastic means 70. The arm 49 then simultaneously drives the insulating flap 41 in a rotational movement.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, et tel que cela est représenté sur les figures 3a et 3b, le moyen élastique 70 s'étend de préférence entre une première extrémité fixe 71 , par exemple solidarisée avec le boîtier 60, et une deuxième extrémité 72, fixée sur ou venant en appui contre le bras 49 et susceptible de se déplacer avec ce dernier au sein du boîtier 60. Une fois le volet isolant 41 libéré de la lame de déconnexion 31 , le moyen élastique 70, du genre ressort, exerce sur le bras 49 une force motrice, entraînant ce dernier dans un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe 100 fixe.In a particularly advantageous manner, and as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b, the elastic means 70 preferably extends between a first fixed end 71, for example secured to the housing 60, and a second end 72, fixed on or coming to bear against the arm 49 and capable of moving with the latter within the housing 60. Once the insulating flap 41 released from the disconnection blade 31, the elastic means 70, of the spring type, exerts on the arm 49 a driving force, causing the latter in a rotational movement around the fixed axis 100.
Lors du déplacement du volet isolant 41 de sa position initiale illustrée sur la figure 3a vers sa position finale illustrée sur la figure 3b, le bras 49 se déplace avantageusement suivant une direction sensiblement parallèle à la face 10A de la varistance 10 et ce jusqu'à ce que le fond 44B du manchon 44 vienne en butée contre l'électrode 21, cette dernière se trouvant alors isolée au sein du logement intérieur 45 du manchon 44. Cette mise en butée constitue alors un moyen permettant de déterminer de façon certaine la position terminale du volet isolant 41 , ce qui permet d'ajuster le positionnement relatif de la fenêtre 61 et de l'organe de visualisation 51. Bien évidemment, on pourrait envisager d'avoir recours à d'autres moyens de butée pour assurer cette fonction de repérage, notamment des plots d'arrêt (non représentés) fixés par exemple sur l'une des faces du boîtier 60 et disposés de manière à interrompre le mouvement du bras 49.During the movement of the insulating flap 41 from its initial position illustrated in FIG. 3a to its final position illustrated in FIG. 3b, the arm 49 advantageously moves in a direction substantially parallel to the face 10A of the varistor 10 and this until that the bottom 44B of the sleeve 44 abuts against the electrode 21, the latter then being isolated within the interior housing 45 of the sleeve 44. This abutment then constitutes a means making it possible to determine with certainty the terminal position of the insulating flap 41, which makes it possible to adjust the relative positioning of the window 61 and of the display member 51. Obviously, one could consider using other abutment means to perform this tracking function , in particular stop pads (not shown) fixed for example on one of the faces of the housing 60 and arranged so as to interrupt the movement of the arm 49.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, le manchon 44 comporte un prolongement 47, sensiblement perpendiculaire la face 44C dudit manchon. Le prolongement 47 forme avantageusement l'une des parois latérales 43 du volet isolant 41 et est interposé entre la lame de déconnexion 31 d'une part, et l'une des faces 10A de la varistance 10 d'autre part, de manière à empêcher le contoumement par un arc électrique de la partie centrale 42 du volet isolant 41 formée par l'une des faces 44C du manchon 44.In a particularly advantageous manner, the sleeve 44 has an extension 47, substantially perpendicular to the face 44C of said sleeve. The extension 47 advantageously forms one of the side walls 43 of the insulating flap 41 and is interposed between the disconnection blade 31 on the one hand, and one of the faces 10A of the varistor 10 on the other hand, so as to prevent bypassing by an electric arc of the central part 42 of the insulating flap 41 formed by one of the faces 44C of the sleeve 44.
Dans cette variante de réalisation, les faces opposées 44A, 44C du manchon 44 peuvent être avantageusement courbes, de manière à s'adapter au mouvement de rotation du volet isolant 41. Ceci permet notamment d'ajuster de manière plus précise les dimensions du logement intérieur 45 aux dimensions de l'électrode 21. Selon une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention illustrée sur les figures 4a et 4b, les moyens de coupure d'arc 40 sont montés mobiles en translation. Selon cette variante, un moyen élastique du genre ressort (non représenté) tend à rappeler élastiquement le volet isolant 41 vers une position illustrée sur la figure 4b dans laquelle le manchon 44 enveloppe au moins partiellement l'électrode 21.In this alternative embodiment, the opposite faces 44A, 44C of the sleeve 44 can advantageously be curved, so as to adapt to the rotational movement of the insulating flap 41. This makes it possible in particular to adjust the dimensions of the interior housing more precisely. 45 to the dimensions of the electrode 21. According to another alternative embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b, the arc breaking means 40 are mounted movable in translation. According to this variant, an elastic means of the spring type (not shown) tends to resiliently return the insulating flap 41 to a position illustrated in FIG. 4b in which the sleeve 44 at least partially envelops the electrode 21.
Selon cette variante, le déplacement du manchon 44 s'effectue selon une direction D sensiblement rectiligne et parallèle au plan d'extension de la face 10A de la varistance 10.According to this variant, the displacement of the sleeve 44 takes place in a direction D substantially rectilinear and parallel to the plane of extension of the face 10A of the varistor 10.
De la même façon que dans la variante décrite précédemment, le manchon 44 est avantageusement pourvu d'un logement intérieur 45 au sein duquel l'électrode 21 vient se loger.In the same way as in the variant described above, the sleeve 44 is advantageously provided with an interior housing 45 within which the electrode 21 is housed.
Selon cette variante, le dispositif comporte de préférence des moyens de guidage (non représentés) permettant d'assurer le guidage en translation du volet isolant 41 entre sa position initiale, dans laquelle il est contraint entre le ressort d'une part et la lame de déconnexion 31 d'autre part, et une position terminale dans laquelle il est libéré de la lame de déconnexion 31 et isole cette dernière de l'électrode 21.According to this variant, the device preferably comprises guide means (not shown) for guiding in translation of the insulating flap 41 between its initial position, in which it is constrained between the spring on the one hand and the blade of disconnection 31 on the other hand, and a terminal position in which it is released from the disconnection blade 31 and isolates the latter from the electrode 21.
Le fonctionnement du dispositif de protection contre les surtensions conforme à l'invention va maintenant être décrit en s'appuyant sur la variante de réalisation préférentielle illustrée sur les figures 3a et 3b.The operation of the overvoltage protection device according to the invention will now be described on the basis of the preferred variant embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b.
Lorsqu'un courant excessif ou une utilisation prolongée provoque la rupture ou la fusion de la soudure thermique assurant la liaison par contact entre la lame de déconnexion 31 d'une part et l'électrode 21 de la varistance 10 d'autre part, la lame de déconnexion 31 s'écarte, par effet ressort, de l'électrode 21 créant ainsi un espace interstitiel entre l'électrode 21 d'une part et la lame de déconnexion 31 d'autre part. En s'écartant, la lame de déconnexion 31 libère ainsi le volet isolant 41 qui, sous l'action de la force de rappel exercée par le moyen élastique 70 sur le bras 49, pivote autour de l'axe 100 et vient se positionner, au moins partiellement, dans l'espace interstitiel 11 entre l'électrode 21 et la lame de déconnexion 31. En particulier, la partie centrale 42 du volet isolant 41 , formée par l'une des faces 44C du manchon 44, vient s'interposer entre la lame de déconnexion 31 et l'électrode 21. Les autres faces 44A, 44D du manchon 44 viennent alors envelopper l'électrode 21, augmentant ainsi la distance d'isolement entre cette dernière et la lame de déconnexion 31.When an excessive current or a prolonged use causes the rupture or the fusion of the thermal welding ensuring the connection by contact between the disconnection blade 31 on the one hand and the electrode 21 of the varistor 10 on the other hand, the blade disconnection 31 deviates, by spring effect, from the electrode 21 thus creating an interstitial space between the electrode 21 of a part and the disconnection blade 31 on the other hand. By moving away, the disconnection blade 31 thus releases the insulating flap 41 which, under the action of the restoring force exerted by the elastic means 70 on the arm 49, pivots around the axis 100 and comes to be positioned, at least partially, in the interstitial space 11 between the electrode 21 and the disconnection blade 31. In particular, the central part 42 of the insulating flap 41, formed by one of the faces 44C of the sleeve 44, is interposed between the disconnection blade 31 and the electrode 21. The other faces 44A, 44D of the sleeve 44 then envelop the electrode 21, thus increasing the isolation distance between the latter and the disconnection blade 31.
Bien évidemment, les moyens de coupure d'arc 40, et notamment le volet isolant 41 pourraient, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, être formés par un manchon monté mobile en translation ou en rotation et conçu de manière à venir isoler non pas l'électrode 21 , mais l'extrémité 31 A de la lame de déconnexion 31 destinée à être soudée sur l'électrode 21.Obviously, the arc cutting means 40, and in particular the insulating flap 41 could, without departing from the scope of the invention, be formed by a sleeve mounted movable in translation or in rotation and designed so as to isolate not the electrode 21, but the end 31 A of the disconnection blade 31 intended to be welded to the electrode 21.
Le dispositif de protection conforme à l'invention permet donc, grâce à un montage particulièrement simple et fiable, d'assurer une déconnexion rapide et systématique du composant de protection en cas d'échauffement de ce dernier.The protection device according to the invention therefore makes it possible, thanks to a particularly simple and reliable assembly, to ensure rapid and systematic disconnection of the protection component in the event of the latter heating up.
Un autre avantage du dispositif de protection conforme à l'invention est qu'il permet d'éviter d'avoir recours à un organe de coupure indépendant et complémentaire, du genre fusible ou disjoncteur. Dans les applications où l'utilisation d'un organe de coupure complémentaire s'avère indispensable, il est possible d'augmenter le calibre de ce dernier en toute sécurité.Another advantage of the protection device according to the invention is that it makes it possible to avoid having to use an independent and complementary breaking device, of the fuse or circuit breaker type. In applications where the use of an additional cut-off device proves essential, it is possible to increase the size of the latter in complete safety.
Un autre avantage du dispositif de protection conforme à l'invention est que sa tenue aux surtensions est améliorée. POSSIBILITE D'APPLICATION INDUSTRIELLEAnother advantage of the protection device according to the invention is that its resistance to overvoltages is improved. POSSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
L'invention trouve son application industrielle dans les dispositifs électriques de protection contre les surtensions transitoires. The invention finds its industrial application in electrical devices for protection against transient overvoltages.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
- Dispositif de protection d'une installation électrique contre les surtensions comportant : - au moins un composant de protection (10), pourvu de moyens de raccordement (20) à l'installation électrique, - un moyen de déconnexion (30) du composant de protection (10) par rapport à l'installation électrique, adapté pour assurer la déconnexion de ce dernier au niveau des moyens de raccordement (20), et susceptible de se déplacer à partir d'une position de fermeture vers une position d'ouverture en créant ainsi un espace interstitiel (11) entre le moyen de déconnexion (30) et les moyens de raccordement (20), caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de coupure d'arc (40), destinés à empêcher la formation d'arcs électriques entre le moyen de déconnexion (30) et les moyens de raccordement (20) lorsque le moyen de déconnexion (30) est en position d'ouverture, lesdits moyens de coupure d'arc (40) étant formés par un volet isolant (41), apte à se déplacer au moins partiellement au sein de l'espace interstitiel (11) et comportant une partie centrale (42), destinée à être interposée entre le moyen de déconnexion (30) et les moyens de raccordement (20) et des parties latérales (43), conformées de manière à empêcher le contoumement des moyens de coupure d'arc (40) par l'arc électrique.- Device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltage comprising: - at least one protection component (10), provided with connection means (20) to the electrical installation, - a disconnection means (30) for the component protection (10) relative to the electrical installation, adapted to ensure the disconnection of the latter at the connection means (20), and capable of moving from a closed position to an open position in thus creating an interstitial space (11) between the disconnection means (30) and the connection means (20), characterized in that it comprises arc breaking means (40), intended to prevent the formation of electric arcs between the disconnection means (30) and the connection means (20) when the disconnection means (30) is in the open position, said arc breaking means (40) being formed by an insulating flap ( 41), able to move at least part ily within the interstitial space (11) and comprising a central part (42), intended to be interposed between the disconnection means (30) and the connection means (20) and side parts (43), shaped so as to prevent the arc breaking means (40) from being bypassed by the electric arc.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les moyens de coupure d'arc (40) sont formés par une plaque sensiblement plane, dont les parties latérales (43) s'étendent, à partir de la partie centrale (42), sur une distance suffisante de part et d'autre du moyen de déconnexion (30) et/ou des moyens de raccordement (20) pour empêcher le contoumement des moyens de coupure d'arc (40) par l'arc électrique.- Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the arc breaking means (40) are formed by a substantially planar plate, the lateral parts (43) of which extend from the central part (42) over a sufficient distance on either side of the disconnection means (30) and / or connection means (20) to prevent the arc breaking means (40) from being circumvented by the electric arc.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les moyens de coupure d'arc (40) forment une enveloppe, conformée de manière à venir entourer, au moins partiellement, le moyen de déconnexion (30) et/ou les moyens de raccordement (20) lorsque le moyen de déconnexion (30) est en position d'ouverture.- Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the arc cutting means (40) form an envelope, shaped so as to come surround, at least partially, the disconnection means (30) and / or the connection means ( 20) when the disconnection means (30) is in the open position.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que les moyens de coupure d'arc (40) comportent un manchon (44) présentant une section transversale en forme de U.- Device according to claim 3 characterized in that the arc cutting means (40) comprise a sleeve (44) having a U-shaped cross section.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que les moyens de coupure d'arc (40) et le moyen de déconnexion (30) sont montés relativement de telle manière que lors de l'ouverture du moyen de déconnexion, ce dernier libère les moyens de coupure d'arc (40), autorisant ainsi le déplacement de ces derniers.- Device according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the arc breaking means (40) and the disconnection means (30) are mounted relatively in such a way that when the disconnection means are opened, the latter frees the arc breaking means (40), thus authorizing the displacement of the latter.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce que les moyens de coupure d'arc (40) et le moyen de déconnexion (30) sont disposés de telle sorte que lorsque le moyen de déconnexion est dans sa position de fermeture, les moyens de coupure d'arc (40) soient contraints élastiquement et viennent en appui contre le moyen de déconnexion (30).- Device according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the arc cutting means (40) and the disconnection means (30) are arranged so that when the disconnection means is in its closed position , the arc breaking means (40) are elastically forced and bear against the disconnection means (30).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce que les moyens de coupure d'arc (40) comportent un moyen élastique (70), monté de manière à exercer une force de rappel élastique sur le volet isolant (41), ladite force de rappel étant responsable du déplacement de ce dernier. - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 caractérisé en ce que les moyens de coupure d'arc (40) sont montés mobiles en rotation.- Device according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the arc cutting means (40) comprise an elastic means (70), mounted so as to exert an elastic restoring force on the insulating flap (41) , said restoring force being responsible for the movement of the latter. - Device according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the arc cutting means (40) are mounted movable in rotation.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 caractérisé en ce que les moyens de coupure d'arc (40) sont montés mobiles en translation. -Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens d'indication (50) de l'état du composant de protection, lesdits moyens d'indication (50) étant actionnés par les moyens de coupure d'arc (40). -Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10 caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'indication (50) sont formés par un organe de visualisation (51), monté sur les moyens de coupure d'arc (40) et susceptible de se déplacer en regard d'une fenêtre (61) ménagée dans le boîtier (60) du dispositif. - Device according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the arc cutting means (40) are mounted movable in translation. -A device according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterized in that it includes means for indicating (50) the state of the protective component, said means for indicating (50) being actuated by the cutting means arch (40). -A device according to one of claims 1 to 10 characterized in that the indication means (50) are formed by a display member (51), mounted on the arc cutting means (40) and capable of being move opposite a window (61) formed in the housing (60) of the device.
EP04742539A 2004-04-19 2004-04-19 Surge voltage protection device with arc-breaking means Expired - Lifetime EP1743346B1 (en)

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ATE489712T1 (en) 2010-12-15
WO2005112050A1 (en) 2005-11-24
CN100578690C (en) 2010-01-06
DE602004030280D1 (en) 2011-01-05
ES2356608T3 (en) 2011-04-11
EP1743346B1 (en) 2010-11-24
CN1914696A (en) 2007-02-14
SI1743346T1 (en) 2011-04-29

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