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EP1638880B2 - Safety system for an elevator structure - Google Patents

Safety system for an elevator structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1638880B2
EP1638880B2 EP04738034.0A EP04738034A EP1638880B2 EP 1638880 B2 EP1638880 B2 EP 1638880B2 EP 04738034 A EP04738034 A EP 04738034A EP 1638880 B2 EP1638880 B2 EP 1638880B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
analog signal
bus node
control unit
digital
bus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04738034.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1638880B1 (en
EP1638880A1 (en
Inventor
Romeo Deplazes
Philipp Angst
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Inventio AG
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Inventio AG
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Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Priority to SI200430483T priority Critical patent/SI1638880T2/en
Priority to EP04738034.0A priority patent/EP1638880B2/en
Priority to PL04738034T priority patent/PL1638880T5/en
Publication of EP1638880A1 publication Critical patent/EP1638880A1/en
Publication of EP1638880B1 publication Critical patent/EP1638880B1/en
Priority to CY20071101281T priority patent/CY1106914T1/en
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Publication of EP1638880B2 publication Critical patent/EP1638880B2/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B13/00—Doors, gates, or other apparatus controlling access to, or exit from, cages or lift well landings
    • B66B13/22—Operation of door or gate contacts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
    • B66B5/0018—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system
    • B66B5/0031—Devices monitoring the operating condition of the elevator system for safety reasons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bus-based safety system of an elevator installation and to a method for checking the safety system of an elevator installation.
  • Elevator systems have a safety circuit in which several safety elements, such as safety contacts and switches, are arranged in a series circuit.
  • the contacts monitor, for example, whether a shaft door or the car door is open.
  • the elevator car can only be moved if the safety circuit and thus also all safety contacts integrated in it are closed.
  • Some of the security elements are operated by the doors.
  • Other safety elements such as an override switch, are actuated or triggered by the elevator car.
  • the safety circuit is connected to the drive or the brake unit of an elevator installation in order to interrupt the driving operation if the safety circuit is opened.
  • the safety bus system typically includes a control unit, a safety bus, and one or more bus nodes.
  • a safety system with safety bus is in the application EP01810903.3 described on 18.09.01.
  • the safety bus is used to enable safe and reliable monitoring of the hoistway doors of the lift system.
  • Another solution, which is considered to be the closest prior art, is incorporated in WO 03/024856 A disclosed.
  • a safety bus security system in some of the proposed embodiments, includes at least one bus node, which may, for example, communicate with a security element to query its status. This can provide information about the current state of security elements. Similar to the conventional elevator systems with safety circuit, a reaction can be triggered depending on the condition of the safety element.
  • GB 2 127 603 discloses a security system for an alarm system, comprising a control unit, at least one bus node at least one security element (sensor), and a bus that enables communication between the control unit and the bus node.
  • the bus node has first circuit means and second circuit means.
  • the first circuit means act on the security element with a first analog signal.
  • the second circuit means (amplifier) picks up a second analog signal on the security element. After analog-to-digital conversion, it is made available to the control unit via the bus as digital return information.
  • the bus node includes a test voltage generator which, when activated, generates a test voltage for the safety element.
  • the object of the invention is thus seen to show an improved safety system of the type mentioned, with which the disadvantages of the prior art can be avoided or at least greatly reduced.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first security system 10, which is part of an elevator system.
  • the security system 10 comprises a control unit 11, at least one bus node 13 and a bus 12 in order to enable communication between the control unit 11 and the bus node 13.
  • a security element 16 is indicated which, for example, queries the state of a manhole or car door or which monitors a bar.
  • Security elements are referred to in the context of the present invention, safety-related elements, namely door contacts, bolt contacts, buffer contacts, flap contacts, driving switch (eg on the inspection panel or in the return control), and emergency stop.
  • the bus node 13 has first circuit means 14 and second circuit means 15.
  • the control unit 11 gives the bus node 13 a setpoint value, for example a current intensity or a voltage.
  • the control unit 11 thus acts as a "command generator".
  • the specification of the desired value is carried out by transmitting a digital command or digital information via the bus 12 to the bus node 13.
  • a first analog signal corresponding to the predetermined target value is provided by the first circuit means 14.
  • the security element 16 is acted upon by this first analog signal, as indicated by the arrow 16.1.
  • the second circuit means 15 are arranged and adapted to pick up a second analog signal on the security element 16, as indicated by the arrow 16.2.
  • the bus node 13 processes the second analog signal and provides digital feedback information, which is either transmitted via the bus 12 to the control unit 11, or which is picked up by the control unit 11 via the bus 12 at the bus node 13.
  • the bus node 13 may provide digital diagnostic information.
  • the comparison preferably takes place in the control unit 11 in order to be able to make a reliable and reliable statement about the security element 16.
  • the control unit 11 can thus determine, for example, whether the security element 16 is opened or closed.
  • the bus node 13 It is also possible to perform a qualitative evaluation of the first analog signal when processing the analog signal, wherein the evaluation is not relevant to safety and can therefore be carried out completely or partially by the bus node 13.
  • This qualitative evaluation allows a diagnosis to be made about the qualitative condition of the security element (for example, the wear and / or the functional efficiency of a contact can be assessed). It is particularly advantageous to carry out this diagnosis in the bus node 13 in order to minimize the data traffic on the bus 12 and not to burden the safety-relevant control unit 11 with it.
  • the result of the diagnosis is provided as digital diagnostic information.
  • control unit 11 sets a certain current as the setpoint, which is then impressed in the security element 16, the control unit 11 via the second circuit means 15 and by means of the return information determine whether the corresponding current or, for example, a voltage with correlated to the current was measured.
  • a value pair can be taken from a table.
  • the control unit 11 presets a current of 1A.
  • the circuit means 14 provides a current with a current of 1A. This current flows through the security element 16.
  • a voltage of 5V is measured by the circuit means 15, the circuit means 15 having a resistance of 5 ohms to convert the current into a voltage. From a table, for example, stored in a memory of the bus node 13, it can be seen that a voltage of 5V corresponds to a current of 1A. In this case, comparing the value pair (1A; 5V) has shown that the query chain works.
  • the qualitative comparison (also referred to as diagnosis) is designed so that a certain tolerance is taken into account.
  • the query chain would be considered to work as long as the voltage deviates from the 5V voltage, for example, by less than 0.5 volts. Thus, it can be considered that such inaccuracies and losses are inherent in such a query chain.
  • the tolerance (s) can be absolute or relative.
  • the tolerances can also be variable.
  • a reaction can be initiated. This is done for example by the control unit 11. With a small deviation, a service call can be triggered by the control unit 11. In the event of a greater deviation, this must be interpreted as a "malfunction" and lead, for example, to an emergency stop of the elevator installation.
  • the Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B show a second security system 20, which is part of an elevator installation.
  • the security system 20 comprises a control unit 21, at least one bus node 23 and a bus 22 to enable communication between the control unit 21 and the bus node 23.
  • a switch 26 is shown as a security element sensing, for example, the condition of a manhole or car door, or monitoring a (hoist door) latch.
  • the bus node 23 has first circuit means 24 and second circuit means 25.
  • the first circuit means 24 in the illustrated embodiment comprise a processor 24.1 which can receive digital information over the bus 22 as indicated by the arrow 22.1. There is provided a recorder element 24.2, which provides a "control" signal S S , which is applied to a controllable current source 24.3 and there causes the provision of a current.
  • the recorder element 24.2 may comprise, for example, a digital-to-analogue converter.
  • the processor 24.1 evaluates the digital information to determine which setpoint the control unit 21 has specified and provides the recorder element 24.2 a digital signal D Soll .
  • the current is referred to here as the first signal S 1 .
  • This first signal S 1 is correlated with the "control" signal S S.
  • the circuit means 25.3 in the present example is a converter which converts the current S * 1, which is supplied via the line 26.2, converted into a voltage S 2 .
  • the voltage S 2 is referred to here as the second signal S 2 .
  • the converter 25.3 may comprise, for example, a resistor divider and a filter.
  • the converter 25.3 is followed by a read element 25.2, which processes the second signal S 2 .
  • the read element 25.2 converts the second signal S 2 into a digital quantity D ist , which is fed to a processor 25.1.
  • the read element 25.2 may comprise, for example, an analog-to-digital converter.
  • the second embodiment is designed so that the bus node 23 performs a diagnosis by a qualitative comparison of the first analog signal S 1 with the second analog signal S 2 .
  • This comparison may, for example, be performed jointly by the processor 25.1, by the processor 24.1, or by both processors 24.1 and 25.1.
  • a comparison operation by only one of the processors 24.1 or 25.1 requires at least one cross-connection between the first circuit means 24 and the second circuit means 25.
  • the result of the comparison is then provided to the control unit 21 as digital diagnostic information. Either the digital diagnostic information can be queried by the control unit 21 at the bus node 23 (pull principle), or the bus node 23 can transmit the digital diagnostic information via the connection 22.2 and the bus 22 to the control unit 21 (push principle).
  • the described qualitative comparison is carried out in addition to the quantitative comparison, which is carried out in the control unit 21 on the basis of digital feedback information.
  • Performing the qualitative comparison in the bus node 23 has the advantage that the bus 22 is not burdened with the transmission of signals, but that in each case only the digital diagnostic information, which in principle represents the result of the qualitative comparison, and the return information for the quantitative Comparison in the control unit 21, is transmitted via the bus 22 to the control unit 21.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is designed so that not only a comparison of the analog signals, but also an evaluation of the second analog signal S2 is made.
  • an evaluation in the sense of a diagnosis
  • the security element is a switch in that the contact resistance is determined.
  • the bounce behavior of a switch can also be evaluated.
  • the resolution must be sufficient because the bounce typically in short Voltage peaks reflected and a change in the bounce can only be shown if a precise evaluation of the voltage peaks.
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment of the invention is in Fig. 3 shown.
  • a bus node 33 is shown polling a security element 36 with two redundant switches 36.1 and 36.2.
  • the first circuit means 34 comprise in the embodiment shown a processor 34.1 which can receive information via a connection 32.1.
  • a recorder element 34.2 which provides "control" signals S S which are applied to two controllable current sources 34.3 and 34.4.
  • the current source 34.3 provides a current, which is referred to here as the first signal S 1 .
  • the current source 34.4 provides a current, which is also referred to here as the first signal S 3 .
  • the recorder element 34.2 may, for example, comprise a digital-to-analogue converter which emits a "control" signal S S correlated therewith when receiving a digital setpoint quantity D setpoint .
  • the first analog signals S 1 and S 3 are in turn correlated with the "control" signal S S.
  • the circuit means 35.3 and 35.4 in the present example are converters which convert the currents S * 1 and S * 3 into voltages S 2 and S 4 .
  • the voltages S 2 and S 4 are referred to here as second analog signals S 2 and S 4 .
  • the converters 35.3 and 35.4 may, for example, comprise resistor dividers and filters.
  • the converters 35.3 and 35.4 are followed by a read element 35.2, which processes the second analog signals S 2 and S 4 .
  • the read element 35.2 converts the second analog signals S 2 and S 4 into digital quantities D Ist , which are supplied to a processor 35.1, which transmits the corresponding digital return information via the connection 32.2 to the control unit.
  • the read element 35.2 may comprise, for example, one or two analog-to-digital converters. If only one analog-to-digital converter is present, the signals S 2 and S 4 are successively converted in a time-divisional manner in a multiplex mode.
  • the security level can be increased on the part of the security element 36, since this is done redundantly with the switches 36.1 and 36.2 and separately monitored.
  • the bus node 13, respectively 23 or 33 is designed such that it has two circuit means 14, 15, respectively 24, 25 or 34, 35.
  • This 2-channel design achieves redundancy.
  • the security of the bus nodes according to the invention can be reduced by using a bus node with only one processor.
  • the processor is used both to drive the writer element and to process the digital information of the read element.
  • the redundancy falls partially off, which is prescribed for safety reasons, depending on the application.
  • the functionality of the overall system however, essentially remains. Reducing redundancy can reduce costs. However, it is still possible to ensure the safety of the entire system by other measures. It may, for example, such a bus node with reduced redundancy part of a security system with security bus, according to the above-mentioned application EP01810903.3 , be.
  • a security element 36 with redundant switches or contacts 36.1, 36.2 can be monitored with a bus node 33.
  • Some of the circuit means 34, 35 may be separately implemented, as in FIG Fig. 3 shown by the circuit means 34.3 and 34.4, respectively 35.3 and 35.4.
  • Another part of the circuit means 34, 35 can be used in common for a plurality of switches or contacts 36.1, 36.2, as shown by the circuit means 34.1 and 34.2, respectively 35.1 and 35.2.
  • the first security element 36.1 may, for example, be a bolt contact
  • the second security element 36.2 may be a buffer contact which is completely independent of the bolt contact.
  • control unit is designed to be 2-channel, wherein a first channel performs the digital specification of a signal size (nominal value) and a second channel receives the digital return information from the bus node.
  • circuit means 14, 24, 34 generate pulsed first analog signals.
  • the bus node 13, 23, 33 comprise further elements.
  • interface circuits can be provided which accomplish the communication via the bus 12, 22 with the control unit 11, 21.
  • two-channel operation is also used here, that is to say one interface circuit each is provided for the receiver side (circuit means 14, 24, 34) and an interface circuit for the transmitter side (circuit means 15, 25, 35).
  • each bus node can have its own identification word, for example its own address.
  • the control unit then gives along with the nominal size as well the address of the desired bus node. Only the addressed bus node is thus addressed by the control unit.
  • the first circuit means 14, 24, 34 and the second circuit means 15, 25, 35 may each be realized as an integrated circuit. Each of these integrated circuits then has an analog and a digital part.
  • a voltage can be applied as the first signal to the security element. It can then be made by the circuit means 15, 25, 35, a conversion of the voltage into a current, or it can be tapped directly a voltage at the security element.
  • the converter 25.3 may comprise an opto-electronic coupler which converts the signal S * 1 into a light signal. This light signal is then converted into a voltage on the receiver side of the optoelectronic coupler and can be further processed.
  • the control unit may include means that allow monitoring of the timing. If an excessively large period of time passes between the specification of a setpoint value and the receipt of a feedback, this too can be an indication of an error or a problem in the security system.
  • the bus node may comprise further circuit means which permit connection of other elements, for example sensors, actuators or displays.
  • the bus node can be considered as a hybrid circuit that monitors both security elements and non-security elements.
  • the safety system can be designed such that it serves to detect at least part of the safety-relevant states of an elevator installation separately from the actual elevator control and to trigger reactions in the event of problems by the safety system or the control unit intervening directly in the elevator control.

Landscapes

  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Indicating And Signalling Devices For Elevators (AREA)
  • Safety Devices In Control Systems (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)

Abstract

Safety system of an elevator installation, with a control unit, a bus node, a safety element and a bus, which enables a communication between the control unit and the bus node. The bus node includes a first switching arrangement, which on digital presetting by the control unit acts on the safety element by a first analog signal. The bus node additionally includes a second switching arrangement which derives an analog signal from the safety element and makes digital feedback information available to the control unit by way of the bus.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bus-basiertes Sicherheitssystem einer Aufzugsanlage und ein Verfahren zum Überprüfen des Sicherheitssystems einer Aufzugsanlage.The invention relates to a bus-based safety system of an elevator installation and to a method for checking the safety system of an elevator installation.

Aufzugsanlagen weisen einen Sicherheitskreis auf, bei dem mehrere Sicherheitselemente, wie zum Beispiel Sicherheitskontakte und -schalter, in einer Serienschaltung angeordnet sind. Die Kontakte überwachen zum Beispiel, ob eine Schachttüre oder die Kabinentüre geöffnet ist. Die Aufzugskabine kann nur bewegt werden, wenn der Sicherheitskreis und damit auch alle in ihm integrierten Sicherheitskontakte geschlossen sind. Einige der Sicherheitselemente werden von den Türen betätigt. Andere Sicherheitselemente, wie zum Beispiel ein Überfahrschalter, werden durch die Aufzugskabine betätigt oder ausgelöst.Elevator systems have a safety circuit in which several safety elements, such as safety contacts and switches, are arranged in a series circuit. The contacts monitor, for example, whether a shaft door or the car door is open. The elevator car can only be moved if the safety circuit and thus also all safety contacts integrated in it are closed. Some of the security elements are operated by the doors. Other safety elements, such as an override switch, are actuated or triggered by the elevator car.

Der Sicherheitskreis steht mit dem Antrieb oder der Bremseinheit einer Aufzugsanlage in Verbindung, um den Fahrbetrieb zu unterbrechen, falls der Sicherheitskreis geöffnet wird.The safety circuit is connected to the drive or the brake unit of an elevator installation in order to interrupt the driving operation if the safety circuit is opened.

Sicherheitssysteme mit Sicherheitskreisen dieser Art sind mit zahlreichen Nachteilen behaftet, die im Folgenden kurz anhand einiger Beispiele aufgeführt werden:

  • Jeder Sicherheitskreis weist inhärente Probleme auf; hierzu gehören die Länge der Verbindungen, der Spannungsabfall im Sicherheitskreis und der verhältnismässig hohe Montageaufwand.
  • Die einzelnen Sicherheitskontakte sind verhältnismässig störanfällig; es kann daher zu unnötigen Notstopps des Aufzugssystems kommen.
  • Der Sicherheitskreis erlaubt keine spezifische Diagnose; das heisst, dass bei offenem Sicherheitskreis nur festgestellt wird, dass mindestens ein Sicherheitskontakt geöffnet ist.
  • Eine vorsorgliche Wartung ist nicht möglich, da keine Anzeige über den Zustand der Sicherheitskontakte des Sicherheitskreises erfolgt. Es ist also nicht möglich, die Aufzugsanlage vorausschauend zu warten und abgenützte Sicherheitskontakte rechtzeitig zu einem Zeitpunkt, in dem die Aufzugsanlage problemlos stillgelegt werden kann, zu ersetzen, es sei denn im Rahmen einer periodischen Revision, wobei aber in vielen Fällen eine an sich nicht notwendige Ausserbetriebsetzung der Aufzugsanlage erfolgt.
  • Die Verfügbarkeit des Aufzuges kann unnötigerweise eingeschränkt sein, da die Detektion eines offenen Sicherheitskontakts immer eine Ausserbetriebsetzung der Aufzugsanlage zur Folge hat.
Safety systems with safety circuits of this kind have numerous disadvantages, which are briefly listed below with reference to a few examples:
  • Each safety circuit has inherent problems; These include the length of the connections, the voltage drop in the safety circuit and the relatively high assembly costs.
  • The individual safety contacts are relatively prone to failure; It can therefore come to unnecessary emergency stops of the elevator system.
  • The safety circuit does not allow a specific diagnosis; This means that when the safety circuit is open it is only ascertained that at least one safety contact is open.
  • A precautionary maintenance is not possible because there is no indication of the condition of the safety contacts of the safety circuit. It is therefore not possible to anticipate the elevator installation and to replace worn safety contacts in time for a time when the elevator installation can be easily shut down, unless in the context of a periodic revision, but in many cases not necessary per se Decommissioning of the elevator system takes place.
  • The availability of the elevator may be unnecessarily limited, since the detection of an open safety contact always has a shutdown of the elevator system result.

Es wurde daher vorgeschlagen, Aufzugsanlagen in Zukunft statt mit dem erwähnten Sicherheitskreis mit einem Sicherheitsbussystem auszurüsten. Das Sicherheitsbussystem weist typischerweise eine Kontrolleinheit, einen Sicherheitsbus und einen oder mehrere Busknoten auf.It has therefore been proposed to equip elevator systems with a safety bus system instead of the safety circuit mentioned in the future. The safety bus system typically includes a control unit, a safety bus, and one or more bus nodes.

Ein Sicherheitssystem mit Sicherheitsbus ist in der Anmeldung EP01810903.3 beschrieben, die am 18.09.01 eingereicht wurde. Der Sicherheitsbus wird eingesetzt, um einen sichere und zuverlässige Überwachung der Schachttüren der Aufzugsanlage zu ermöglichen. Eine andere Lösung, die als nächstliegender Stand der Technik angesehen wird, wird in WO 03/024856 A offenbart.A safety system with safety bus is in the application EP01810903.3 described on 18.09.01. The safety bus is used to enable safe and reliable monitoring of the hoistway doors of the lift system. Another solution, which is considered to be the closest prior art, is incorporated in WO 03/024856 A disclosed.

In einer weiteren Patentanmeldung EP01810904.1 , die am 18.09.01 eingereicht wurde, ist ein Sicherheitssystem mit Sicherheitsbus beschrieben, das eine intelligente Auswertung des Zustandes von Kabinen- und Schachttüren erlaubt.In another patent application EP01810904.1 , which was filed on 18.09.01, describes a security system with safety bus, which allows an intelligent evaluation of the condition of cabin and landing doors.

Ein Sicherheitssystem mit Sicherheitsbus weist bei einigen der vorgeschlagenen Ausführungsformen mindestens einen Busknoten auf, der zum Beispiel mit einem Sicherheitselement in Verbindung stehen kann, um dessen Zustand abzufragen. Damit kann Information über den momentanen Zustand von Sicherheitselementen bereitgestellt werden. Ähnlich wie bei den konventionellen Aufzugsanlagen mit Sicherheitskreis, kann je nach Zustand des Sicherheitselements eine Reaktion ausgelöst werden.A safety bus security system, in some of the proposed embodiments, includes at least one bus node, which may, for example, communicate with a security element to query its status. This can provide information about the current state of security elements. Similar to the conventional elevator systems with safety circuit, a reaction can be triggered depending on the condition of the safety element.

Solche Sicherheitssysteme mit Sicherheitsbus müssen sicher ausgeführt sein. Ansonsten kann es zum Beispiel zu undefinierten Zuständen oder zu Fehlinterpretationen kommen. Insbesondere soll die Abfrage der Sicherheitselemente des Sicherheitssystems über den Sicherheitsbus absolut sicher und zuverlässig sein.Such safety systems with safety bus must be carried out safely. Otherwise, for example, undefined states or misinterpretations can occur. In particular, the query of the security elements of the security system over the security bus should be absolutely safe and reliable.

GB 2 127 603 offenbart ein Sicherheitssystem für eine Alarmanlage, mit einer Kontrolleinheit, mindestens einem Busknoten mindestens einem Sicherheitselement (sensor), und einem Bus, der eine Kommunikation zwischen der Kontrolleinheit und dem Busknoten, ermöglicht. Der Busknoten weist erste Schaltungsmittel und zweite Schaltungsmittel auf. Das erste Schaltungsmittel beaufschlagen das Sicherheitselement mit einem ersten analogen Signal. Dabei greift das zweite Schaltungsmittel (Verstärker) ein zweites analoges Signal an dem Sicherheitselement ab. Nach Analog/Digital-Wandlung wird es der Kontrolleinheit über den Bus als digitale Rückinformation zur Verfügung gestellt. Der Busknoten enthält einen Testspannungsgenerator, der bei Aktivierung eine Testspannung für das Sicherheitselement erzeugt. GB 2 127 603 discloses a security system for an alarm system, comprising a control unit, at least one bus node at least one security element (sensor), and a bus that enables communication between the control unit and the bus node. The bus node has first circuit means and second circuit means. The first circuit means act on the security element with a first analog signal. In this case, the second circuit means (amplifier) picks up a second analog signal on the security element. After analog-to-digital conversion, it is made available to the control unit via the bus as digital return information. The bus node includes a test voltage generator which, when activated, generates a test voltage for the safety element.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird somit darin gesehen, ein verbessertes Sicherheitssystem der eingangs genannten Art aufzuzeigen, mit welchem die Nachteile des Standes der Technik vermieden oder mindestens stark reduziert werden können.The object of the invention is thus seen to show an improved safety system of the type mentioned, with which the disadvantages of the prior art can be avoided or at least greatly reduced.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und die Merkmale des Anspruchs 8.The object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and the features of claim 8.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemässen Sicherheitssystems sind durch die abhängigen Patentansprüche 2 bis 7 definiert. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens sind durch die abhängigen Patentansprüche 9 bis 13 definiert.Advantageous developments of the inventive safety system are defined by the dependent claims 2 to 7. Advantageous developments of the inventive method are defined by the dependent claims 9 to 13.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und mit Bezug auf die Zeichnung ausführlich beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines ersten erfindungsgemässen Sicherheitssystems;
Fig. 2A
ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines zweiten erfindungsgemässen Sicherheitssystems;
Fig. 2B
Details des zweiten erfindungsgemässen Sicherheitssystems;
Fig. 3
Details eines dritten erfindungsgemässen Sicherheitssystems.
In the following the invention will be described in detail by means of embodiments and with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic block diagram of a first inventive security system;
Fig. 2A
a schematic block diagram of a second inventive security system;
Fig. 2B
Details of the second security system according to the invention;
Fig. 3
Details of a third security system according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein erstes Sicherheitssystem 10, das Teil einer Aufzugsanlage ist. Das Sicherheitssystem 10 umfasst eine Kontrolleinheit 11, mindestens einen Busknoten 13 und einen Bus 12, um eine Kommunikation zwischen der Kontrolleinheit 11 und dem Busknoten 13 zu ermöglichen. In Fig. 1 ist ein Sicherheitselement 16 angedeutet, das zum Beispiel den Zustand einer Schacht- oder Kabinentüre abfragt, oder das einen Riegel überwacht. Als Sicherheitselemente werden im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung sicherheitsrelevante Elemente bezeichnet, nämlich Türkontakte, Riegelkontakte, Pufferkontakte, Klappenkontakte, Fahrschalter (z.B. auf dem Inspektionstableau oder in der Rückholsteuerung), und Notstoppschalter. Der Busknoten 13 weist erste Schaltungsmittel 14 und zweite Schaltungsmittel 15 auf. Fig. 1 shows a first security system 10, which is part of an elevator system. The security system 10 comprises a control unit 11, at least one bus node 13 and a bus 12 in order to enable communication between the control unit 11 and the bus node 13. In Fig. 1 For example, a security element 16 is indicated which, for example, queries the state of a manhole or car door or which monitors a bar. Security elements are referred to in the context of the present invention, safety-related elements, namely door contacts, bolt contacts, buffer contacts, flap contacts, driving switch (eg on the inspection panel or in the return control), and emergency stop. The bus node 13 has first circuit means 14 and second circuit means 15.

Gemäss Erfindung gibt die Kontrolleinheit 11 dem Busknoten 13 eine Sollgrösse, zum Beispiel eine Stromstärke oder eine Spannung, vor. Die Kontrolleinheit 11 agiert also als "Befehlsgeber". Die Vorgabe der Sollgrösse erfolgt durch Übermittlung eines digitalen Befehls oder digitaler Information über den Bus 12 an den Busknoten 13. Ein erstes analoges Signal entsprechend der vorgegebene Sollgrösse wird von den ersten Schaltungsmitteln 14 bereit gestellt. Das Sicherheitselement 16 wird mit diesem ersten analogen Signal beaufschlagt, wie durch den Pfeil 16.1 angedeutet. Die zweiten Schaltungsmittel 15 sind so angeordnet und ausgelegt, dass sie ein zweites analoges Signal an dem Sicherheitselement 16 abgreifen, wie durch den Pfeil 16.2 angedeutet. Der Busknoten 13 verarbeitet das zweite analoge Signal und stellt digitale Rückinformation zur Verfügung, die entweder über den Bus 12 an die Kontrolleinheit 11 übermittelt wird, oder die von der Kontrolleinheit 11 über den Bus 12 bei dem Busknoten 13 abgeholt wird. Zusätzlich kann der Busknoten 13 digitale Diagnoseinformation zur Verfügung stellen.According to the invention, the control unit 11 gives the bus node 13 a setpoint value, for example a current intensity or a voltage. The control unit 11 thus acts as a "command generator". The specification of the desired value is carried out by transmitting a digital command or digital information via the bus 12 to the bus node 13. A first analog signal corresponding to the predetermined target value is provided by the first circuit means 14. The security element 16 is acted upon by this first analog signal, as indicated by the arrow 16.1. The second circuit means 15 are arranged and adapted to pick up a second analog signal on the security element 16, as indicated by the arrow 16.2. The bus node 13 processes the second analog signal and provides digital feedback information, which is either transmitted via the bus 12 to the control unit 11, or which is picked up by the control unit 11 via the bus 12 at the bus node 13. In addition, the bus node 13 may provide digital diagnostic information.

Damit lässt sich folgendes erfindungsgemässes Abfrageschema implementieren:

  1. 1. Die Kontrolleinheit 11 gibt eine Sollgrösse vor, die als digitale Information oder als digitaler Befehl über den Bus 12 an den Busknoten 13 übermittelt wird;
  2. 2. Die ersten Schaltungsmittel 14 setzen die Information um und stellen ein erstes analoges Signal der entsprechenden Grösse bereit;
  3. 3. Das erste analoge Signal wird an das Sicherheitselement 16 angelegt bzw. in das Sicherheitselement 16 eingeprägt;
  4. 4. Die zweiten Schaltungsmittel 15 erfassen ein zweites analoges Signal, das mit dem ersten analogen Signal korreliert ist, oder durch das erste analoge Signal hervorgerufen wird;
  5. 5. Das zweite analoge Signal wird durch den Busknoten 13 aufbereitet, um einen qualitativen und/oder quantitativen Vergleich mit dem ersten analogen Signal zu ermöglichen.
  6. 6. Der Busknoten 13 stellt digitale Rückinformation für die Kontrolleinheit 11 zur Verfügung. Zusätzlich kann der Busknoten 13 digitale Diagnoseinformation zur Verfügung stellen.
In this way, the following inventive query scheme can be implemented:
  1. 1. The control unit 11 specifies a setpoint, which is transmitted as digital information or as a digital command via the bus 12 to the bus node 13;
  2. 2. The first circuit means 14 convert the information and provide a first analog signal of the appropriate magnitude;
  3. 3. The first analog signal is applied to the security element 16 or impressed in the security element 16;
  4. 4. The second circuit means 15 detect a second analog signal which is correlated with the first analog signal or is caused by the first analog signal;
  5. 5. The second analog signal is conditioned by the bus node 13 to allow a qualitative and / or quantitative comparison with the first analog signal.
  6. 6. The bus node 13 provides digital return information for the control unit 11. In addition, the bus node 13 may provide digital diagnostic information.

Der Vergleich findet vorzugsweise in der Kontrolleinheit 11 statt, um eine zuverlässige und sichere Aussage über das Sicherheitselement 16 treffen zu können. Die Kontrolleinheit 11 kann so zum Beispiel feststellen, ob das Sicherheitselement 16 geöffnet oder geschlossen ist.The comparison preferably takes place in the control unit 11 in order to be able to make a reliable and reliable statement about the security element 16. The control unit 11 can thus determine, for example, whether the security element 16 is opened or closed.

Es ist auch möglich beim Aufbereiten des analogen Signals eine qualitative Auswertung des ersten analogen Signals durchzuführen, wobei die Auswertung nicht sicherheitsrelevant ist und daher ganz oder teilweise durch den Busknoten 13 ausgeführt werden kann. Diese qualitative Auswertung erlaubt eine Diagnose über den qualitativen Zustand des Sicherheitselement (z.B. kann so der Verschleiss und/oder die Funktionstüchtigkeit eines Kontakts beurteilt werden). Es ist besonders vorteilhaft diese Diagnose im Busknoten 13 durchzuführen, um den Datenverkehr auf dem Bus 12 zu minimieren und die sicherheitsrelevante Kontrolleinheit 11 nicht damit zu belasten. Das Ergebnis der Diagnose wird als digitale Diagnoseinformation bereit gestellt.It is also possible to perform a qualitative evaluation of the first analog signal when processing the analog signal, wherein the evaluation is not relevant to safety and can therefore be carried out completely or partially by the bus node 13. This qualitative evaluation allows a diagnosis to be made about the qualitative condition of the security element (for example, the wear and / or the functional efficiency of a contact can be assessed). It is particularly advantageous to carry out this diagnosis in the bus node 13 in order to minimize the data traffic on the bus 12 and not to burden the safety-relevant control unit 11 with it. The result of the diagnosis is provided as digital diagnostic information.

Je nach Ausführungsform und Implementierung der Erfindung, lässt sich eine Aussage über den Schaltzustand des Sicherheitselements 16, wie auch über die Funktion der gesamten Abfragekette machen. Unter Abfragekette ist im vorliegenden Zusammenhang die Kette von der Kontrolleinheit über den Bus, den Busknoten, das Sicherheitselement, und den Bus bis zurück zur Kontrolleinheit zu verstehen.Depending on the embodiment and implementation of the invention, it is possible to make a statement about the switching state of the security element 16, as well as about the function of the entire query chain. Under query chain in the present context, the chain of the control unit on the bus, the bus node, the security element, and the bus to understand back to the control unit.

Wenn zum Beispiel die Kontrolleinheit 11 einen bestimmten Strom als Sollgrösse vorgibt, der dann in das Sicherheitselement 16 eingeprägt wird, so kann die Kontrolleinheit 11 über die zweiten Schaltungsmittel 15 und mittels der Rückinformation feststellen, ob der entsprechende Strom oder zum Beispiel eine Spannung, die mit dem Strom korreliert ist, gemessen wurde.For example, if the control unit 11 sets a certain current as the setpoint, which is then impressed in the security element 16, the control unit 11 via the second circuit means 15 and by means of the return information determine whether the corresponding current or, for example, a voltage with correlated to the current was measured.

Bei einem quantitativen Vergleich der analogen Signale wird zum Beispiel durch die Kontrolleinheit 11 ermittelt, ob das Signal S1 dem Signal S*1 entspricht (siehe Fig. 2B). Dabei können Umrechnungsfaktoren berücksichtigt werden, oder es kann ein Wertepaar aus einer Tabelle entnommen werden. Zur Veranschaulichung wird ein einfaches Zahlenbeispiel gegeben. Die Kontrolleinheit 11 gibt einen Strom von 1A vor. Das Schaltungsmittel 14 stellt einen Strom mit einer Stromstärke von 1A bereit. Dieser Strom fliesst durch das Sicherheitselement 16. Auf der Auswertungsseite wird durch die Schaltungsmittel 15 eine Spannung von 5V gemessen, wobei die Schaltungsmittel 15 einen Widerstand von 5 Ohm aufweisen, um den Strom in eine Spannung umzuwandeln. Aus einer Tabelle, die zum Beispiel in einem Speicher des Busknotens 13 abgelegt ist, kann entnommen werden, dass eine Spannung von 5V einem Strom von 1A entspricht. In diesem Fall hat der Vergleich des Wertepaares (1A; 5V) ergeben, dass die Abfragekette funktioniert.In a quantitative comparison of the analog signals if the signal S 1 corresponding to the signal S 1 * is determined for example by the control unit 11 (see Fig. 2B ). In this case, conversion factors can be taken into account, or a value pair can be taken from a table. By way of illustration, a simple numerical example is given. The control unit 11 presets a current of 1A. The circuit means 14 provides a current with a current of 1A. This current flows through the security element 16. On the evaluation side, a voltage of 5V is measured by the circuit means 15, the circuit means 15 having a resistance of 5 ohms to convert the current into a voltage. From a table, for example, stored in a memory of the bus node 13, it can be seen that a voltage of 5V corresponds to a current of 1A. In this case, comparing the value pair (1A; 5V) has shown that the query chain works.

Vorzugsweise wird der qualitative Vergleich (auch als Diagnose bezeichnet) so ausgelegt, dass eine gewisse Toleranz berücksichtigt wird. Um auf das Zahlenbeispiel zurück zu kommen, würde die Abfragekette als funktionierend bewertet, solange die Spannung zum Beispiel um weniger als 0.5 Volt von der Spannung 5V abweicht. Damit kann berücksichtigt werden, dass einer solchen Abfragekette gewisse Ungenauigkeiten und Verluste inhärent sind.Preferably, the qualitative comparison (also referred to as diagnosis) is designed so that a certain tolerance is taken into account. To come back to the numerical example, the query chain would be considered to work as long as the voltage deviates from the 5V voltage, for example, by less than 0.5 volts. Thus, it can be considered that such inaccuracies and losses are inherent in such a query chain.

Die Toleranz(en) können absolut oder relativ sein. Die Toleranzen können auch variabel angelegt sein.The tolerance (s) can be absolute or relative. The tolerances can also be variable.

Liegt der durch die Schaltungsmittel 15 ermittelte Spannungswert ausserhalb des Toleranzbereichs, so kann eine Reaktion eingeleitet werden. Dies geschieht zum Beispiel durch die Kontrolleinheit 11. Bei einer geringen Abweichung kann ein Serviceruf durch die Kontrolleinheit 11 ausgelöst werden. Bei einer grösseren Abweichung muss dies als "Fehlfunktion" interpretiert werden und zum Beispiel zu einem Notstopp der Aufzugsanlage führen.If the voltage value determined by the circuit means 15 is outside the tolerance range, then a reaction can be initiated. This is done for example by the control unit 11. With a small deviation, a service call can be triggered by the control unit 11. In the event of a greater deviation, this must be interpreted as a "malfunction" and lead, for example, to an emergency stop of the elevator installation.

Die Fig. 2A und Fig. 2B zeigen ein zweites Sicherheitssystem 20, das Teil einer Aufzugsanlage ist. Das Sicherheitssystem 20 umfasst eine Kontrolleinheit 21, mindestens einen Busknoten 23 und einen Bus 22, um eine Kommunikation zwischen der Kontrolleinheit 21 und dem Busknoten 23 zu ermöglichen. In Fig. 2A und Fig. 2B ist ein Schalter 26 als Sicherheitselement gezeigt, der zum Beispiel den Zustand einer Schacht- oder Kabinentüre abfragt, oder der einen (Schachttür-)Riegel überwacht. Der Busknoten 23 weist erste Schaltungsmittel 24 und zweite Schaltungsmittel 25 auf.The Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B show a second security system 20, which is part of an elevator installation. The security system 20 comprises a control unit 21, at least one bus node 23 and a bus 22 to enable communication between the control unit 21 and the bus node 23. In Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B For example, a switch 26 is shown as a security element sensing, for example, the condition of a manhole or car door, or monitoring a (hoist door) latch. The bus node 23 has first circuit means 24 and second circuit means 25.

Die ersten Schaltungsmittel 24 umfassen in der gezeigten Ausführungsform einen Prozessor 24.1, der digitale Information über den Bus 22 empfangen kann, wie durch den Pfeil 22.1 angedeutet. Es ist ein Schreiber-Element 24.2 vorgesehen, welches ein "Steuer"-Signal SS bereitstellt, das an eine regelbare Stromquelle 24.3 angelegt wird und dort das Bereitstellen eines Stroms hervorruft. Zu diesem Zweck kann das Schreiber-Element 24.2 zum Beispiel einen Digital-Analog-Wandler umfassen. Der Prozessor 24.1 wertet die digitale Information aus, um zu ermitteln welche Sollgrösse die Kontrolleinheit 21 vorgegeben hat und stellt dem Schreiber-Element 24.2 ein digitales Signal DSoll zur Verfügung. Der Strom wird hier als erstes Signal S1 bezeichnet. Dieses erste Signal S1 ist mit dem "Steuer"-Signal SS korreliert. Bei geschlossenem Schalter 26 fliesst der Strom S1 über die Verbindung 26.1 in den Schalter 26 und ein Strom S*1 über die Verbindung 26.2 in die Schaltungsmittel 25.3. Falls es sich um einen idealen Schalter 26 handelt, so ist der Strom S1 gleich dem Strom S*1, d.h. es gibt keine Verluste im Schalter 26. Bei dem Schaltungsmittel 25.3 handelt es sich in dem vorliegenden Beispiel um einen Umsetzer, der den Strom S*1, der über die Leitung 26.2 zugeführt wird, in eine Spannung S2 umwandelt. Die Spannung S2 wird hier als zweites Signal S2 bezeichnet. Der Umsetzer 25.3 kann zum Beispiel einen Widerstandsteiler und einen Filter umfassen. Gefolgt wird der Umsetzer 25.3 von einem Lese-Element 25.2, welches das zweite Signal S2 verarbeitet. Das Lese-Element 25.2 setzt das zweite Signal S2 in eine digitale Grösse DIst um, die einem Prozessor 25.1 zugeführt wird. Zu diesem Zweck kann das Lese-Element 25.2 zum Beispiel einen Analog-Digital-Wandler umfassen.The first circuit means 24 in the illustrated embodiment comprise a processor 24.1 which can receive digital information over the bus 22 as indicated by the arrow 22.1. There is provided a recorder element 24.2, which provides a "control" signal S S , which is applied to a controllable current source 24.3 and there causes the provision of a current. For this purpose, the recorder element 24.2 may comprise, for example, a digital-to-analogue converter. The processor 24.1 evaluates the digital information to determine which setpoint the control unit 21 has specified and provides the recorder element 24.2 a digital signal D Soll . The current is referred to here as the first signal S 1 . This first signal S 1 is correlated with the "control" signal S S. When the switch 26 is closed, the current S 1 flows via the connection 26.1 into the switch 26 and a current S * 1 via the connection 26.2 into the circuit means 25.3. If it is an ideal switch 26, the current S 1 is equal to the current S * 1 , ie there are no losses in the switch 26. The circuit means 25.3 in the present example is a converter which converts the current S * 1, which is supplied via the line 26.2, converted into a voltage S 2 . The voltage S 2 is referred to here as the second signal S 2 . The converter 25.3 may comprise, for example, a resistor divider and a filter. The converter 25.3 is followed by a read element 25.2, which processes the second signal S 2 . The read element 25.2 converts the second signal S 2 into a digital quantity D ist , which is fed to a processor 25.1. For this purpose, the read element 25.2 may comprise, for example, an analog-to-digital converter.

Die zweite Ausführungsform ist so ausgelegt, dass der Busknoten 23 eine Diagnose durch einen qualitativen Vergleich des ersten analogen Signals S1 mit dem zweiten analogen Signal S2 durchführt. Dieser Vergleich kann zum Beispiel durch den Prozessor 25.1, durch den Prozessor 24.1, oder durch beide Prozessoren 24.1 und 25.1 gemeinsam durchgeführt werden. Eine Vergleichsoperation durch nur einen der Prozessoren 24.1 oder 25.1 erfordert mindestens eine Querverbindung zwischen den ersten Schaltungsmitteln 24 und den zweiten Schaltungsmitteln 25. Das Ergebnis des Vergleichs wird anschliessend der Kontrolleinheit 21 als digitale Diagnoseinformation zur Verfügung gestellt. Entweder kann die digitale Diagnoseinformation von der Kontrolleinheit 21 bei dem Busknoten 23 abgefragt werden (Pull-Prinzip), oder der Busknoten 23 kann die digitale Diagnoseinformation über die Verbindung 22.2 und den Bus 22 an die Kontrolleinheit 21 übermitteln (Push-Prinzip). Der beschriebene qualitative Vergleich wird zusätzlich zu dem quantitative Vergleich durchgeführt, der in der Kontrolleinheit 21 anhand von digitaler Rückinformation durchgeführt wird.The second embodiment is designed so that the bus node 23 performs a diagnosis by a qualitative comparison of the first analog signal S 1 with the second analog signal S 2 . This comparison may, for example, be performed jointly by the processor 25.1, by the processor 24.1, or by both processors 24.1 and 25.1. A comparison operation by only one of the processors 24.1 or 25.1 requires at least one cross-connection between the first circuit means 24 and the second circuit means 25. The result of the comparison is then provided to the control unit 21 as digital diagnostic information. Either the digital diagnostic information can be queried by the control unit 21 at the bus node 23 (pull principle), or the bus node 23 can transmit the digital diagnostic information via the connection 22.2 and the bus 22 to the control unit 21 (push principle). The described qualitative comparison is carried out in addition to the quantitative comparison, which is carried out in the control unit 21 on the basis of digital feedback information.

Eine Durchführung des qualitativen Vergleichs im Busknoten 23 hat den Vorteil, dass der Bus 22 nicht mit der Übertragung von Signalen belastet wird, sondern dass jeweils nur die digitale Diagnoseinformation, die im Prinzip das Ergebnis des qualitativen Vergleichs darstellt, und die Rückinformation für den auszuführenden quantitativen Vergleich in der Kontrolleinheit 21, über den Bus 22 zur Kontrolleinheit 21 übermittelt wird.Performing the qualitative comparison in the bus node 23 has the advantage that the bus 22 is not burdened with the transmission of signals, but that in each case only the digital diagnostic information, which in principle represents the result of the qualitative comparison, and the return information for the quantitative Comparison in the control unit 21, is transmitted via the bus 22 to the control unit 21.

Die bisher beschriebenen Ausführungsformen erlauben eine sichere Aussage über die Funktion der gesamten Abfragekette einschliesslich des Sicherheitselements.The previously described embodiments allow a reliable statement about the function of the entire query chain including the security element.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist so ausgelegt, dass nicht nur ein Vergleich der analogen Signale, sondern auch eine Auswertung des zweiten analogen Signals S2 vorgenommen wird. Je nach Genauigkeit des Umsetzers 25.3 und der Auflösung des Lese-Elements 25.2, die hauptsächlich durch die Auflösung des Analog-Digital-Wandlers bestimmt wird, kann neben einer reinen Sicherheitskontrolle der gesamten Abfragekette auch eine Auswertung erfolgen. Damit wird eine Auswertung (im Sinne einer Diagnose) des Kontaktzustandes möglich, falls es sich bei dem Sicherheitselement um einen Schalter handelt, indem der Kontaktwiderstand ermittelt wird. Zusätzlich, oder als Alternative, kann auch das Prellverhalten eines Schalters ausgewertet werden. Hierzu muss die Auflösung ausreichend sein, da sich das Prellverhalten typischerweise in kurzen Spannungsspitzen niederschlägt und eine Veränderung des Prellverhaltens nur aufgezeigt werden kann, wenn eine präzise Auswertung der Spannungsspitzen erfolgt.Another embodiment of the invention is designed so that not only a comparison of the analog signals, but also an evaluation of the second analog signal S2 is made. Depending on the accuracy of the converter 25.3 and the resolution of the read element 25.2, which is mainly determined by the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter, in addition to a pure security control of the entire query chain also carried out an evaluation. Thus, an evaluation (in the sense of a diagnosis) of the contact state is possible if the security element is a switch in that the contact resistance is determined. In addition, or as an alternative, the bounce behavior of a switch can also be evaluated. For this purpose, the resolution must be sufficient because the bounce typically in short Voltage peaks reflected and a change in the bounce can only be shown if a precise evaluation of the voltage peaks.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt. In dieser Figur ist ein Busknoten 33 gezeigt, der ein Sicherheitselement 36 mit zwei redundanten Schaltern 36.1 und 36.2 abfragt. Die ersten Schaltungsmittel 34 umfassen in der gezeigten Ausführungsform einen Prozessor 34.1, der Information über eine Verbindung 32.1 empfangen kann. Es ist ein Schreiber-Element 34.2 vorgesehen, welches "Steuer"-Signale SS bereitstellt, die an zwei regelbare Stromquellen 34.3 und 34.4 angelegt werden. Die Stromquelle 34.3 stellt einen Strom bereit, der hier als erstes Signal S1 bezeichnet wird. Die Stromquelle 34.4 stellt einen Strom bereit, der hier auch als erstes Signal S3 bezeichnet wird. Das Schreiber-Element 34.2 kann zum Beispiel einen Digital-Analog-Wandler umfassen, der beim Empfangen einer digitalen Sollgrösse DSoll ein damit korreliertes "Steuer"-Signal SS abgibt. Die ersten analogen Signale S1 und S3 sind wiederum mit dem "Steuer"-Signal SS korreliert. Bei geschlossenem Schalter 36.1 fliesst der Strom S1 durch den Schalter 36.1 und als Strom S*1 in ein Schaltungsmittel 35.3. Bei geschlossenem Schalter 36.2 fliesst der Strom S3 durch den Schalter 36.2 und als Strom S*3 in ein Schaltungsmittel 35.4.Another embodiment of the invention is in Fig. 3 shown. In this figure, a bus node 33 is shown polling a security element 36 with two redundant switches 36.1 and 36.2. The first circuit means 34 comprise in the embodiment shown a processor 34.1 which can receive information via a connection 32.1. There is provided a recorder element 34.2 which provides "control" signals S S which are applied to two controllable current sources 34.3 and 34.4. The current source 34.3 provides a current, which is referred to here as the first signal S 1 . The current source 34.4 provides a current, which is also referred to here as the first signal S 3 . The recorder element 34.2 may, for example, comprise a digital-to-analogue converter which emits a "control" signal S S correlated therewith when receiving a digital setpoint quantity D setpoint . The first analog signals S 1 and S 3 are in turn correlated with the "control" signal S S. When the switch 36.1 is closed, the current S 1 flows through the switch 36.1 and as current S * 1 into a circuit 35.3. With the switch 36.2 closed, the current S 3 flows through the switch 36.2 and as current S * 3 into a circuit 35.4.

Bei den Schaltungsmitteln 35.3 und 35.4 handelt es sich in dem vorliegenden Beispiel um Umsetzer, welche die Ströme S*1 und S*3 in Spannungen S2 und S4 umwandeln. Die Spannungen S2 und S4 werden hier als zweite analoge Signale S2 und S4 bezeichnet. Die Umsetzer 35.3 und 35.4 können zum Beispiel Widerstandsteiler und Filter umfassen. Gefolgt werden die Umsetzer 35.3 und 35.4 von einem Lese-Element 35.2, welches die zweiten analogen Signale S2 und S4 verarbeitet. Das Lese-Element 35.2 setzt die zweiten analogen Signale S2 und S4 in digitale Grössen DIst um, die einem Prozessor 35.1 zugeführt werden, der die entsprechende digitale Rückinformation über die Verbindung 32.2 an die Kontrolleinheit übermittelt. Das Lese-Element 35.2 kann zum Beispiel einen oder zwei Analog-Digital-Wandler umfassen. Falls nur ein Analog-Digital-Wandler vorhanden ist, werden die Signale S2 und S4 in einem Multiplex-Mode nacheinander zeitlich gestaffelt umgesetzt.The circuit means 35.3 and 35.4 in the present example are converters which convert the currents S * 1 and S * 3 into voltages S 2 and S 4 . The voltages S 2 and S 4 are referred to here as second analog signals S 2 and S 4 . The converters 35.3 and 35.4 may, for example, comprise resistor dividers and filters. The converters 35.3 and 35.4 are followed by a read element 35.2, which processes the second analog signals S 2 and S 4 . The read element 35.2 converts the second analog signals S 2 and S 4 into digital quantities D Ist , which are supplied to a processor 35.1, which transmits the corresponding digital return information via the connection 32.2 to the control unit. The read element 35.2 may comprise, for example, one or two analog-to-digital converters. If only one analog-to-digital converter is present, the signals S 2 and S 4 are successively converted in a time-divisional manner in a multiplex mode.

Durch die in Fig. 3 gezeigte Schaltung kann der Sicherheitslevel auch auf Seiten des Sicherheitselements 36 erhöht werden, da dieser mit den Schalter 36.1 und 36.2 redundant ausgeführt und separat überwachbar ist.By the in Fig. 3 shown circuit, the security level can be increased on the part of the security element 36, since this is done redundantly with the switches 36.1 and 36.2 and separately monitored.

Gemäss Erfindung ist der Busknoten 13, respektive 23 oder 33, so ausgelegt, dass er zwei Schaltungsmittel 14, 15, respektive 24, 25 oder 34, 35, aufweist. Durch diese 2-kanalige Auslegung wird eine Redundanz erreicht.According to the invention, the bus node 13, respectively 23 or 33, is designed such that it has two circuit means 14, 15, respectively 24, 25 or 34, 35. This 2-channel design achieves redundancy.

Die Sicherheit der Busknoten gemäss Erfindung kann reduziert werden, indem ein Busknoten mit nur einem Prozessor eingesetzt wird. In diesem Fall wird der Prozessor sowohl für zum Ansteuern des Schreiber-Elements, als auch zum Verarbeiten der digitalen Information des Lese-Elements eingesetzt. Dadurch fällt die Redundanz zum Teil weg, die aus sicherheitstechnischen Gründen je nach Einsatzgebiet vorgeschrieben ist. Die Funktionalität des Gesamtsystems bleibt aber im Wesentlichen bestehen. Es können durch das Reduzieren der Redundanz die Kosten gesenkt werden. Man kann jedoch durch andere Massnahmen trotzdem die Sicherheit des Gesamtsystems gewährleisten. Es kann zum Beispiel ein solcher Busknoten mit reduzierter Redundanz Bestandteil eines Sicherheitssystems mit Sicherheitsbus, gemäss der eingangs erwähnten Anmeldung EP01810903.3 , sein.The security of the bus nodes according to the invention can be reduced by using a bus node with only one processor. In this case, the processor is used both to drive the writer element and to process the digital information of the read element. As a result, the redundancy falls partially off, which is prescribed for safety reasons, depending on the application. The functionality of the overall system, however, essentially remains. Reducing redundancy can reduce costs. However, it is still possible to ensure the safety of the entire system by other measures. It may, for example, such a bus node with reduced redundancy part of a security system with security bus, according to the above-mentioned application EP01810903.3 , be.

Gemäss Erfindung kann mit einem Busknoten 33 ein Sicherheitselement 36 mit redundanten Schaltern oder Kontakten 36.1, 36.2 überwacht werden. Es kann ein Teil der Schaltungsmittel 34, 35 separat ausgeführt werden, wie in Fig. 3 anhand der Schaltungsmittel 34.3 und 34.4, respektive 35.3 und 35.4 gezeigt. Ein anderer Teil der Schaltungsmittel 34, 35 kann für mehrere Schalter oder Kontakte 36.1, 36.2 gemeinsam verwendet werden, wie anhand der Schaltungsmittel 34.1 und 34.2, respektive 35.1 und 35.2 gezeigt.According to the invention, a security element 36 with redundant switches or contacts 36.1, 36.2 can be monitored with a bus node 33. Some of the circuit means 34, 35 may be separately implemented, as in FIG Fig. 3 shown by the circuit means 34.3 and 34.4, respectively 35.3 and 35.4. Another part of the circuit means 34, 35 can be used in common for a plurality of switches or contacts 36.1, 36.2, as shown by the circuit means 34.1 and 34.2, respectively 35.1 and 35.2.

Manche Normen verlangen eine redundante Ausführung von Schaltern. Die in Fig. 3 gezeigte Ausführungsform ist für das Erfüllen solcher Normen besonders geeignet.Some standards require a redundant design of switches. In the Fig. 3 embodiment shown is particularly suitable for the fulfillment of such standards.

Es ist aber mit der Schaltung nach Fig. 3 auch möglich, zwei verschiedene Sicherheitselemente zu überwachen. Das erste Sicherheitselement 36.1 kann zum Beispiel ein Riegelkontakt sein, und bei dem zweiten Sicherheitselement 36.2 kann es sich um einen von dem Riegelkontakt komplett unabhängigen Pufferkontakt handeln.But it is with the circuit after Fig. 3 also possible to monitor two different security elements. The first security element 36.1 may, for example, be a bolt contact, and the second security element 36.2 may be a buffer contact which is completely independent of the bolt contact.

Gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Kontrolleinheit 2-kanalig ausgelegt, wobei ein erster Kanal die digitale Vorgabe einer Signalgrösse (Sollgrösse) vornimmt und ein zweiter Kanal die digitale Rückinformation vom Busknoten erhält.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the control unit is designed to be 2-channel, wherein a first channel performs the digital specification of a signal size (nominal value) and a second channel receives the digital return information from the bus node.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Schaltungsmittel 14, 24, 34 gepulste erste analoge Signale erzeugen.Another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the circuit means 14, 24, 34 generate pulsed first analog signals.

Gemäss Erfindung kann der Busknoten 13, 23, 33 weitere Elemente umfassen. Es können zum Beispiel Schnittstellen-Schaltungen vorgesehen sein, welche die Kommunikation über den Bus 12, 22 mit der Kontrolleinheit 11, 21 bewerkstelligen. Vorzugsweise wird auch hier 2-kanalig gearbeitet, d.h., es ist je eine Schnittstellen-Schaltung für die Empfängerseite (Schaltungsmittel 14, 24, 34) und eine Schnittstellen-Schaltung für die Senderseite (Schaltungsmittel 15, 25, 35) vorgesehen.According to the invention, the bus node 13, 23, 33 comprise further elements. For example, interface circuits can be provided which accomplish the communication via the bus 12, 22 with the control unit 11, 21. Preferably, two-channel operation is also used here, that is to say one interface circuit each is provided for the receiver side (circuit means 14, 24, 34) and an interface circuit for the transmitter side (circuit means 15, 25, 35).

Falls geeignete Schnittstellen vorgesehen sind und ein entsprechendes Kommunikationsprotokoll zum Einsatz kommt, können über den Bus verschiedene Busknoten individuell angesprochen werden. Zu diesem Zweck kann jeder Busknoten ein eigenes Identifikationswort, zum Beispiel eine eigene Adresse, haben. Die Kontrolleinheit gibt dann zusammen mit der Sollgrösse auch die Adresse des gewünschten Busknotens vor. Nur der angesprochene Busknoten wird somit von der Kontrolleinheit angesprochen.If suitable interfaces are provided and a corresponding communication protocol is used, various bus nodes can be individually addressed via the bus. For this purpose, each bus node can have its own identification word, for example its own address. The control unit then gives along with the nominal size as well the address of the desired bus node. Only the addressed bus node is thus addressed by the control unit.

Die ersten Schaltungsmittel 14, 24, 34 und die zweiten Schaltungsmittel 15, 25, 35 konnen je als eine integrierte Schaltung realisiert sein. Jede dieser integrierten Schaltungen weist dann einen analogen und einen digitalen Teil auf.The first circuit means 14, 24, 34 and the second circuit means 15, 25, 35 may each be realized as an integrated circuit. Each of these integrated circuits then has an analog and a digital part.

Statt einem Strom kann eine Spannung als erstes Signal an das Sicherheitselement angelegt werden. Es kann dann durch die Schaltungsmittel 15, 25, 35 eine Umsetzung der Spannung in einen Strom vorgenommen werden, oder es kann direkt eine Spannung am Sicherheitselement abgegriffen werden.Instead of a current, a voltage can be applied as the first signal to the security element. It can then be made by the circuit means 15, 25, 35, a conversion of the voltage into a current, or it can be tapped directly a voltage at the security element.

Der Umsetzer 25.3 kann einen optoelektronischen Koppler, der das Signal S*1 in ein Lichtsignal umwandelt umfassen. Dieses Lichtsignal wird dann auf der Empfängerseite des optoelektronischen Kopplers in eine Spannung umgesetzt und kann weiterverarbeitet werden.The converter 25.3 may comprise an opto-electronic coupler which converts the signal S * 1 into a light signal. This light signal is then converted into a voltage on the receiver side of the optoelectronic coupler and can be further processed.

Die Kontrolleinheit kann Mittel, die eine Überwachung des zeitlichen Ablaufs zulässt umfassen. Vergeht zwischen der Vorgabe einer Sollgrösse und dem Empfang einer Rückmeldung ein zu grosser Zeitraum, so kann auch dies ein Indiz für einen Fehler oder ein Problem im Sicherheitssystem sein.The control unit may include means that allow monitoring of the timing. If an excessively large period of time passes between the specification of a setpoint value and the receipt of a feedback, this too can be an indication of an error or a problem in the security system.

Der Busknoten kann weitere Schaltungsmittel umfassen, die eine Anbindung anderer Elemente, zum Beispiel von Sensoren, Aktuatoren oder Anzeigen, erlaubt. In diesem Fall kann der Busknoten als hybride Schaltung betrachtet werden, die sowohl Sicherheitselemente, als auch nichtsicherheitsrelevante Elemente überwacht.The bus node may comprise further circuit means which permit connection of other elements, for example sensors, actuators or displays. In this case, the bus node can be considered as a hybrid circuit that monitors both security elements and non-security elements.

Das Sicherheitssystem kann so ausgeführt sein, dass es dazu dient, zumindest einen Teil der sicherheitsrelevanten Zustände einer Aufzuganlage separat von der eigentlichen Aufzugsteuerung zu erfassen und beim Auftreten von Problemen Reaktionen auszulösen, indem das Sicherheitssystem, respektive die Kontrolleinheit, direkt in die Aufzugsteuerung eingreift.The safety system can be designed such that it serves to detect at least part of the safety-relevant states of an elevator installation separately from the actual elevator control and to trigger reactions in the event of problems by the safety system or the control unit intervening directly in the elevator control.

Claims (13)

  1. Safety system (10; 20) of a lift installation, with
    a) a control unit (11; 21),
    b) at least one bus node (13; 23; 33),
    c) at least one safety element (16; 26; 36) constructed as door contact, lock contact, buffer contact, flap contact, travel switch or emergency stop switch, and
    d) a bus (12; 22, 22.1, 22.2; 32.1, 32.2) which enables communication
    between the control unit (11; 21) and the bus node (13; 23; 33),
    wherein the bus node (13; 23; 33) comprises first switching means (14; 24; 34) which on digital presetting of a target magnitude by the control unit (11; 21) acts on the safety element (16; 26; 36) with a first analog signal and second switching means (15; 25; 35) which derive a second analog signal from the safety element (16; 26; 36) and make digital feedback information available to the control unit (11; 21) by way of the bus (12; 22, 22.1, 22.2; 32.1, 32.2).
  2. Safety system (10; 20) according to claim 1, characterised in that the first switching means (14; 24; 34) comprises a write element (24.2; 34.2), which provides the first analog signal, and that the second switching means (15; 25; 35) comprises a read element (25.2; 35.2), which processes the second analog signal.
  3. Safety system (10; 20) according to claim 2, characterised in that the bus node (13; 23; 33) comprises a processor (24.1; 34.1), which converts the presetting of the control unit (11; 21) into the first analog signal or triggers a conversion into the first analog signal.
  4. Safety system (10; 20) according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the bus node (13; 23; 33) comprises a processor (25.1; 35.1), which converts the second analog signal into the digital feedback information or triggers a conversion of the second analog signal.
  5. Safety system (10; 20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the switching means at least in part is an analog switching means (24.3, 25.3; 34.2, 35.3, 35.4) and that the bus node (13; 23; 33) comprises an analog-to-digital converter,
    a) which converts the digital presetting of the control unit (11; 21) into an analog magnitude which corresponds with the first analog signal or is correlated with the first analog signal, and
    b) which converts the analog signal into digital information.
  6. Safety system (10; 20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the bus node (13; 23; 33) carries out a qualitative comparison of the first analog signal with the second analog signal and/or a qualitative evaluation of the second analog signal and makes the result of the comparison available as digital diagnostic information.
  7. Safety system (10; 20) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the control unit (11; 21) carries out a quantitative comparison of the first analog signal with the second analog signal, wherein this comparison takes place on the basis of the digital presetting and the digital feedback information.
  8. Method for continuous checking of a safety system (10; 20) of a lift installation, wherein the safety system (10; 20) comprises a control unit (11; 21), at least one bus node (13; 23; 33), at least one safety element (16; 26; 36) constructed as door contact, lock contact, buffer contact, flap contact, travel switch or emergency stop switch, and a bus (12; 22, 22.1, 22.2; 32.1, 32.2), which enables a communication between the control unit (11; 21) and the bus node (13; 23; 33), characterised in that the following steps are carried out:
    a) transmission of digital information by the control unit (11; 21) to the bus node (13; 23; 33) by way of the bus (12; 22, 22.1, 22.2; 32.1, 32.2) in order to thereby preset a target magnitude,
    b) conversion of the digital information by the bus node (13; 23; 33) in order to prepare a first analog signal which corresponds with the target magnitude or is correlated therewith,
    c) application of the first analog signal to, or impression of the first analog signal on, the safety element (16; 26; 36),
    d) derivation or reception of a second analog signal at a safety element (16; 26; 36) by the bus node (13; 23; 33),
    e) processing of the second analog signal by the bus node (13; 23; 33) and
    f) preparing digital feedback information by the bus node (13; 23; 33) for the control unit (11; 21).
  9. Method according to claim 8, characterised in that processing of the digital information and the feedback information is carried out by the control unit (11; 21), wherein preferably a statement about the safety element (16; 26; 36) is made possible.
  10. Method according to claim 8, characterised in that on processing of the analog signal a qualitative evaluation of the second analog signal is undertaken, wherein the evaluation is carried out entirely or partly by the bus node (13; 23; 33).
  11. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the bus node (13; 23; 33) carries out a digital-to-analog conversion in order to convert the digital information into the first signal.
  12. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the bus node (13; 23; 33) on processing of the second analog signal carries out an analog-to-digital conversion in order to convert the second analog signal into the digital feedback information.
  13. Method according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterised in that the bus node (13; 23; 33) is constructed in redundant manner and steps a) to c) are performed by switching means of the bus node (13; 23; 33) different from the steps d) and e).
EP04738034.0A 2003-06-30 2004-06-25 Safety system for an elevator structure Expired - Lifetime EP1638880B2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200430483T SI1638880T2 (en) 2003-06-30 2004-06-25 Safety system for an elevator structure
EP04738034.0A EP1638880B2 (en) 2003-06-30 2004-06-25 Safety system for an elevator structure
PL04738034T PL1638880T5 (en) 2003-06-30 2004-06-25 Safety system for an elevator structure
CY20071101281T CY1106914T1 (en) 2003-06-30 2007-10-08 SECURITY SYSTEM OF A ELEVATOR INSTALLATION

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03405483 2003-06-30
PCT/CH2004/000393 WO2005000727A1 (en) 2003-06-30 2004-06-25 Safety system for an elevator structure
EP04738034.0A EP1638880B2 (en) 2003-06-30 2004-06-25 Safety system for an elevator structure

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EP1638880A1 EP1638880A1 (en) 2006-03-29
EP1638880B1 EP1638880B1 (en) 2007-07-25
EP1638880B2 true EP1638880B2 (en) 2013-07-24

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ES (1) ES2291884T5 (en)
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NZ (1) NZ543896A (en)
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BRPI0412047B1 (en) 2015-09-01
DE502004004449D1 (en) 2007-09-06
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ES2291884T5 (en) 2013-11-29
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EP1638880B1 (en) 2007-07-25
DK1638880T3 (en) 2007-10-08
KR100724325B1 (en) 2007-06-04
WO2005000727A1 (en) 2005-01-06
BRPI0412047A (en) 2006-09-05
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PL1638880T3 (en) 2007-12-31
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EP1638880A1 (en) 2006-03-29
CY1106914T1 (en) 2012-09-26
DK1638880T4 (en) 2013-10-14
CA2526984A1 (en) 2005-01-06
PT1638880E (en) 2007-09-21
HK1090015A1 (en) 2006-12-15
ATE367993T1 (en) 2007-08-15
AU2004251797B2 (en) 2010-03-04
CN1812923A (en) 2006-08-02
JP2007506625A (en) 2007-03-22
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MXPA05013517A (en) 2006-03-09
KR20060035651A (en) 2006-04-26

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