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EP1614859B1 - Film cooled turbine blade - Google Patents

Film cooled turbine blade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1614859B1
EP1614859B1 EP04015805A EP04015805A EP1614859B1 EP 1614859 B1 EP1614859 B1 EP 1614859B1 EP 04015805 A EP04015805 A EP 04015805A EP 04015805 A EP04015805 A EP 04015805A EP 1614859 B1 EP1614859 B1 EP 1614859B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine blade
blade
coolant
rows
leading edge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04015805A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1614859A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Thomas Dr. Bolms
Ralf Müsgen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to DE502004003477T priority Critical patent/DE502004003477D1/en
Priority to EP04015805A priority patent/EP1614859B1/en
Priority to ES04015805T priority patent/ES2282763T3/en
Priority to US11/174,275 priority patent/US7500823B2/en
Priority to CNB2005100820514A priority patent/CN100350132C/en
Publication of EP1614859A1 publication Critical patent/EP1614859A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1614859B1 publication Critical patent/EP1614859B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/18Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/186Film cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/30Arrangement of components
    • F05D2250/31Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
    • F05D2250/314Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation the axes being inclined in relation to each other
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/30Arrangement of components
    • F05D2250/34Arrangement of components translated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/20Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/202Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by film cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbine blade for use in a gas turbine with an airfoil, which is provided with a number of coolant channels through which a coolant can pass, wherein a substantially longitudinally extending in the longitudinal direction of the turbine blade, the leading edge spaced coolant channel in the leading edge region of the airfoil in outlet openings Branch outgoing exit channels.
  • Gas turbines are used in many areas to drive generators or work machines.
  • the energy content of a fuel is used to generate a rotational movement of a turbine shaft.
  • the fuel is burned in a combustion chamber, compressed air being supplied by an air compressor.
  • the working medium produced in the combustion chamber by the combustion of the fuel, under high pressure and at high temperature, is guided via a turbine unit arranged downstream of the combustion chamber, where it relaxes to perform work.
  • a number of rotor blades which are usually combined into blade groups or rows of blades, are arranged thereon and drive the turbine shaft via a momentum transfer from the flow medium.
  • To guide the flow medium in the turbine unit also commonly associated guide blade rows are arranged between adjacent blade rows with the turbine housing.
  • the turbine blades in particular the guide vanes, usually have an airfoil extending along a blade axis for suitable guidance of the working medium, at the end for attachment of the turbine blade to the respective support body extending transversely to the blade axis Platform can be formed. But also on the other, free end, a platform or a platform-like shape may be appropriate.
  • cooling of the affected components in particular of rotor blades and / or guide vanes of the turbine unit, is usually provided.
  • the turbine blades are usually formed coolable, in particular, an effective and reliable cooling of the particular thermally loaded front edge of the respective turbine blade should be ensured.
  • Coolant is usually used as coolant. This is typically supplied to the respective turbine blade in the manner of open cooling via a number of coolant channels integrated into the airfoil or blade profile. Starting from these, the cooling air flows through the respectively provided regions of the turbine blade into outlet channels branching off from it, as a result of which convective cooling of the blade interior and of the blade wall is achieved. On the exit side, these channels are left open, so that the cooling air after flowing through the turbine blade from the exit openings, also referred to as film cooling holes, and forms a cooling air film on the surface of the airfoil. Due to this cooling air film, the material on the surface is largely protected against direct and overly intensive contact with the hot working medium flowing past at high speed.
  • the outlet openings there are usually arranged uniformly along at least two rows aligned parallel to the front edge.
  • the exit channels are also generally oriented obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the turbine blade, which supports the formation of the protective, flowing on the surface cooling air film. Since the outlet channels are usually introduced in the manufacture of the turbine blade for cost reasons only at the end from the outside, z. B. by laser drilling or other drilling methods, and in particular in the leading edge region of the airfoil access of the drilling instruments through the end molded platforms or platform-like formations may be hindered, it comes.
  • the exit channels often at an approximately mid-foot section and tip section of the respective Blade lying transition point for a change of orientation. This takes place in such a way that the coolant flowing out in a foot-side section of each row has a speed component pointing to the tip section in the region of the outlet openings, whereas the cooling medium flowing out in an adjoining tip-side section of each row has a speed component facing the foot section.
  • the outlet channels are inclined in the extension direction of the turbine blade, whereas they are inclined in the tip-side section opposite to the extension direction.
  • Such a turbine blade is known from EP-A-0 894 946.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a turbine blade of the type mentioned above, for the simple means a particularly reliable and uniform cooling of the leading edge region while maintaining a particularly low demand for cooling air can be achieved.
  • transition points in which the orientation of the exit channels changes, are arranged offset from one another for each two adjacent rows in the longitudinal direction.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the cooling medium emerging from the outlet openings in the leading edge region of the airfoil in order to form an effective cooling film has the largest possible velocity component in parallel should have to the surface. For this reason, the proven, oblique to the longitudinal direction alignment of the outlet channels should be maintained. With regard to the restrictions imposed on the manufacture of the airfoil and the restrictions on the access and orientation of the production tools, a change of orientation of the type described will continue to be desirable for the exit channels opening in the exit openings along each of the rows in which the exit openings are located. On the other hand, areas with a comparatively greatly reduced frequency density of the outlet channels in the blade wall should be avoided. For this purpose, it is to be ruled out that the gaps or interspaces belonging to adjacent rows come to lie next to one another in the otherwise comparatively regular distribution pattern of the exit channels.
  • the associated transition points for each two adjacent rows are arranged offset from one another in the longitudinal direction.
  • the offset causes just a local entanglement of the outlet channels belonging to two adjacent rows and thus with respect to the totality of all rows a comparatively homogeneous distribution of the outlet channels over the entire leading edge region of the blade. Therefore, a relatively good and effective convective cooling of the blade interior is ensured in this area, so that a local overuse of the material is avoided by overheating.
  • the need for cooling medium can be kept comparatively low, which has a performance-enhancing effect for a equipped with such turbine blades gas turbine.
  • a flow behavior of the exiting cooling medium in the vicinity of the leading edge which is particularly favorable for effective film cooling, combined with good convective cooling of the adjacent blade wall, can be achieved by using the Outlets in the entire leading edge region are approximately evenly distributed in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, such that they lie on the vertices of an imaginary, curved to the leading edge of the airfoil, regular grid network. This causes a particularly homogeneous wetting of the blade surface with coolant.
  • angles of incidence of the outlet channels with respect to the longitudinal direction are preferably approximately equal for the foot-side and tip-side sections of all rows of outlet openings.
  • an optimized for the effect of the film cooling value which is known from experiments or calculations, can be adjusted.
  • the transition point belonging to the middle row in this case is displaced by three outlet openings in relation to the two outer rows.
  • the mutual offset is still low enough, so that the air currents exiting in Verschränkungs Scheme in the opposite direction only slightly irritate each other.
  • the turbine blade 2 is designed as a guide blade for a gas turbine not shown here. It comprises a foot section 4 and a tip section 6 with associated platforms 8, 10 and an intermediate airfoil 12 extending in the longitudinal direction L.
  • the profiled airfoil 12 has a leading edge 14 also extending substantially in the longitudinal direction L and a trailing edge 16 with side walls therebetween 18 on.
  • the turbine blade 2 is fixed via the foot section 4 on the inner casing of the turbine, wherein the associated platform 8 forms a wall element bounding the flow path of the working medium in the gas turbine.
  • the turbine shaft opposite the tip-side platform 10 forms another limit to the flowing working fluid.
  • the turbine blade 2 could also be designed as a moving blade, which is fastened in an analogous manner to the turbine shaft via a foot-side platform 8, also referred to as a blade root.
  • a coolant K is introduced into the blade interior via a number of inlet openings 20 arranged at the lower end of the foot section 4.
  • the coolant K is cooling air.
  • the coolant K After the coolant K has flowed through one or more coolant channels 22 adjoining the inlet openings 20 in the interior of the turbine blade 2, it emerges from a number of outlet openings 24, also referred to as film cooling holes, corresponding to the coolant channels 22 in the area of the blade 12.
  • Different areas of the airfoil 12 provide in view of the various thermal and mechanical stress and the respective space conditions In Schaufelinneren to the arrangement and the design of the film cooling holes very different requirements.
  • the comparatively strongly curved leading edge region 28, which adjoins the leading edge 14 of the blade 12 immediately, requires effective cooling due to a relatively high load.
  • FIG. 2 shows the front region of the profiled airfoil 12 with the relatively strongly curved front edge region 28, which includes the leading edge 14 and adjoins the pressure side 30 and suction side 32.
  • coolant channel 22 From a substantially in the longitudinal direction L of the turbine blade 2 extending, spaced from the front edge 14 coolant channel 22 branch off outlet channels 34 of smaller cross section, which penetrate the blade wall 36 and open in the leading edge region 28 in outlet openings 24 or film cooling holes.
  • coolant K cooling of the adjacent areas of the blade wall 36 is achieved.
  • the effect of film cooling on the surface of the blade 12 caused by the cooling air flowing out of the outlet openings 24 occurs.
  • an air cushion or a protective film which prevents direct contact of the blade surface with the working medium having a high flow velocity, thus effectively forms on the surface through the cooling air flowing along it at a relatively low velocity.
  • the outlet openings 24 are arranged in the embodiment along three parallel to the leading edge 14 aligned rows, such that they form a regular grid pattern.
  • the outlet channels 34 are inclined relative to the longitudinal direction L of the turbine blade 2, so that in the region of their Outlet openings 24 for the outflowing coolant K a flat exit angle with respect.
  • the blade surface results. This also has a favorable effect on the formation of a protective cooling air film.
  • the inclination of the outlet channels 34 exists with regard to two different sections.
  • a foot-side section 38 of the illustrated row they are inclined so that the effluent from the outlet openings 24 coolant K has a pointing to the tip portion 6 of the turbine blade 2 speed component.
  • the orientation of the outlet channels 34 changes so that the coolant K flowing out of the tip-side section 42 of the row has a velocity component directed toward the foot section 4.
  • This change in orientation is due to the limited access of the drilling tools in the manufacture of the turbine blade 2 due to the platforms 8, 10 and the presence of a comparatively large gap 44 in the blade wall 36, which is otherwise uniformly traversed by outlet channels 34.
  • the turbine blade 2 is designed specifically for a particularly reliable cooling of the leading edge region 28 at the same time kept particularly low demand for coolant K.
  • the aforementioned transition points 40 are positioned offset from each other in the manner of a sectionally entangled arrangement of adjacent film cooling rows.
  • the partially cutaway perspective view of the leading edge 14 in FIG. 4 shows that the transition point 40 belonging to the middle row, in which the orientation of the exit channels 34 changes, is displaced in the longitudinal direction L with respect to the two outer rows.
  • the shift here in the exemplary embodiment three grid points.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Turbinenschaufel zur Verwendung in einer Gasturbine mit einem Schaufelblatt, das mit einer Anzahl von von einem Kühlmittel durchströmbaren Kühlmittelkanälen versehen ist, wobei von einem im Wesentlichen in Längsrichtung der Turbinenschaufel verlaufenden, zur Vorderkante beabstandeten Kühlmittelkanal im Vorderkantenbereich des Schaufelblatts in Austrittsöffnungen mündende Austrittskanäle abzweigen.The invention relates to a turbine blade for use in a gas turbine with an airfoil, which is provided with a number of coolant channels through which a coolant can pass, wherein a substantially longitudinally extending in the longitudinal direction of the turbine blade, the leading edge spaced coolant channel in the leading edge region of the airfoil in outlet openings Branch outgoing exit channels.

Gasturbinen werden in vielen Bereichen zum Antrieb von Generatoren oder von Arbeitsmaschinen eingesetzt. Dabei wird der Energieinhalt eines Brennstoffs zur Erzeugung einer Rotationsbewegung einer Turbinenwelle benutzt. Der Brennstoff wird dazu in einer Brennkammer verbrannt, wobei von einem Luftverdichter verdichtete Luft zugeführt wird. Das in der Brennkammer durch die Verbrennung des Brennstoffs erzeugte, unter hohem Druck und unter hoher Temperatur stehende Arbeitsmedium wird dabei über eine der Brennkammer nachgeschaltete Turbineneinheit geführt, wo es sich arbeitsleistend entspannt.Gas turbines are used in many areas to drive generators or work machines. In this case, the energy content of a fuel is used to generate a rotational movement of a turbine shaft. For this purpose, the fuel is burned in a combustion chamber, compressed air being supplied by an air compressor. The working medium produced in the combustion chamber by the combustion of the fuel, under high pressure and at high temperature, is guided via a turbine unit arranged downstream of the combustion chamber, where it relaxes to perform work.

Zur Erzeugung der Rotationsbewegung der Turbinenwelle sind dabei an dieser eine Anzahl von üblicherweise in Schaufelgruppen oder Schaufelreihen zusammengefassten Laufschaufeln angeordnet, die über einen Impulsübertrag aus dem Strömungsmedium die Turbinenwelle antreiben. Zur Führung des Strömungsmediums in der Turbineneinheit sind zudem üblicherweise zwischen benachbarten Laufschaufelreihen mit dem Turbinengehäuse verbundene Leitschaufelreihen angeordnet. Die Turbinenschaufeln, insbesondere die Leitschaufeln, weisen dabei üblicherweise zur geeigneten Führung des Arbeitsmediums ein entlang einer Schaufelachse erstrecktes Schaufelblatt auf, an das endseitig zur Befestigung der Turbinenschaufel am jeweiligen Trägerkörper eine sich quer zur Schaufelachse erstreckende Plattform angeformt sein kann. Aber auch am anderen, freien Ende kann eine Plattform oder eine plattformähnliche Ausformung angebracht sein.To generate the rotational movement of the turbine shaft, a number of rotor blades, which are usually combined into blade groups or rows of blades, are arranged thereon and drive the turbine shaft via a momentum transfer from the flow medium. To guide the flow medium in the turbine unit also commonly associated guide blade rows are arranged between adjacent blade rows with the turbine housing. In this case, the turbine blades, in particular the guide vanes, usually have an airfoil extending along a blade axis for suitable guidance of the working medium, at the end for attachment of the turbine blade to the respective support body extending transversely to the blade axis Platform can be formed. But also on the other, free end, a platform or a platform-like shape may be appropriate.

Bei der Auslegung derartiger Gasturbinen ist zusätzlich zur erreichbaren Leistung üblicherweise ein besonders hoher Wirkungsgrad ein Auslegungsziel. Eine Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades lässt sich dabei aus thermodynamischen Gründen grundsätzlich durch eine Erhöhung der Austrittstemperatur erreichen, mit dem das Arbeitsmedium aus der Brennkammer ab- und in die Turbineneinheit einströmt. Daher werden Temperaturen von etwa 1200 °C bis 1300 °C für derartige Gasturbinen angestrebt und auch erreicht.In the design of such gas turbines in addition to the achievable power usually a particularly high efficiency is a design target. An increase in the efficiency can be achieved for thermodynamic reasons basically by increasing the outlet temperature at which the working fluid from the combustion chamber and flows into the turbine unit. Therefore, temperatures of about 1200 ° C to 1300 ° C are sought for such gas turbines and achieved.

Bei derartig hohen Temperaturen des Arbeitsmediums sind jedoch die diesem ausgesetzten Komponenten und Bauteile hohen thermischen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Um dennoch bei hoher Zuverlässigkeit eine vergleichsweise lange Lebensdauer der betroffenen Komponenten zu gewährleisten, ist üblicherweise eine Kühlung der betroffenen Komponenten, insbesondere von Lauf- und/oder Leitschaufeln der Turbineneinheit, vorgesehen. Die Turbinenschaufeln sind dabei üblicherweise kühlbar ausgebildet, wobei insbesondere eine wirksame und zuverlässige Kühlung der im besonderen Maße thermisch belasteten Vorderkante der jeweiligen Turbinenschaufel sichergestellt sein soll.At such high temperatures of the working medium, however, exposed to this components and components are exposed to high thermal loads. In order nevertheless to ensure a comparatively long service life of the affected components with high reliability, cooling of the affected components, in particular of rotor blades and / or guide vanes of the turbine unit, is usually provided. The turbine blades are usually formed coolable, in particular, an effective and reliable cooling of the particular thermally loaded front edge of the respective turbine blade should be ensured.

Als Kühlmittel kommt dabei üblicherweise Kühlluft zum Einsatz. Diese wird der jeweiligen Turbinenschaufel üblicherweise in der Art einer offenen Kühlung über eine Anzahl von in das Schaufelblatt oder das Schaufelprofil integrierten Kühlmittelkanälen zugeführt. Von diesen ausgehend durchströmt die Kühlluft in davon abzweigenden Austrittskanälen die jeweils vorgesehenen Bereiche der Turbinenschaufel, wodurch eine konvektive Kühlung des Schaufelinneren und der Schaufelwand erreicht wird. Austrittsseitig sind diese Kanäle offen gelassen, so dass die Kühlluft nach dem Durchströmen der Turbinenschaufel aus den auch als Filmkühllöcher bezeichneten Austrittsöffnungen austritt und einen Kühlluftfilm auf der Oberfläche des Schaufelblattes ausbildet. Durch diesen Kühlluftfilm ist das Material an der Oberfläche vor einem direkten und allzu intensiven Kontakt mit dem mit hoher Geschwindigkeit vorbeiströmenden heißen Arbeitsmedium weitgehend geschützt.Coolant is usually used as coolant. This is typically supplied to the respective turbine blade in the manner of open cooling via a number of coolant channels integrated into the airfoil or blade profile. Starting from these, the cooling air flows through the respectively provided regions of the turbine blade into outlet channels branching off from it, as a result of which convective cooling of the blade interior and of the blade wall is achieved. On the exit side, these channels are left open, so that the cooling air after flowing through the turbine blade from the exit openings, also referred to as film cooling holes, and forms a cooling air film on the surface of the airfoil. Due to this cooling air film, the material on the surface is largely protected against direct and overly intensive contact with the hot working medium flowing past at high speed.

Um im Vorderkantenbereich des Schaufelblatts eine besonders gleichmäßige und effektive Filmkühlung zu ermöglichen, sind die Austrittsöffnungen dort üblicherweise gleichmäßig entlang von mindestens zwei parallel zur Vorderkante ausgerichteten Reihen angeordnet. Die Austrittskanäle sind zudem in der Regel schräg zur Längsrichtung der Turbinenschaufel ausgerichtet, was die Ausbildung des schützenden, an der Oberfläche entlangströmenden Kühlluftfilms unterstützt. Da die Austrittskanäle bei der Herstellung der Turbinenschaufel aus Kostengründen normalerweise erst zum Schluss von außen eingebracht werden, z. B. durch Laserbohrung oder andere Bohrverfahren, und insbesondere im Vorderkantenbereich des Schaufelblattes der Zugang der Bohrinstrumente durch die endseitig angeformten Plattformen oder plattformähnlichen Ausformungen möglicherweise behindert ist, kommt es bzgl. der schrägen Anstellung der Austrittskanäle oftmals an einer etwa mittig zwischen Fußabschnitt und Spitzenabschnitt des jeweiligen Schaufelblatts liegenden Übergangsstelle zu einem Orientierungswechsel. Dies geschieht in der Weise, dass das in einem fußseitigen Teilabschnitt jeder Reihe ausströmende Kühlmittel im Bereich der Austrittsöffnungen eine zum Spitzenabschnitt weisende Geschwindigkeitskomponente besitzt, das in einem daran angrenzenden spitzenseitigen Teilabschnitt jeder Reihe ausströmende Kühlmedium hingegen eine zum Fußabschnitt weisende Geschwindigkeitskomponente aufweist. Mit anderen Worten: Im fußseitigen Teilabschnitt sind die Austrittskanäle in Erstreckungsrichtung der Turbinenschaufel geneigt, wohingegen sie im spitzenseitigen Teilabschnitt entgegen der Erstreckungsrichtung geneigt sind. Eine solche Turbinenschaufel ist aus EP-A-0 894 946 bekannt.In order to allow a particularly uniform and effective film cooling in the leading edge region of the blade, the outlet openings there are usually arranged uniformly along at least two rows aligned parallel to the front edge. The exit channels are also generally oriented obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the turbine blade, which supports the formation of the protective, flowing on the surface cooling air film. Since the outlet channels are usually introduced in the manufacture of the turbine blade for cost reasons only at the end from the outside, z. B. by laser drilling or other drilling methods, and in particular in the leading edge region of the airfoil access of the drilling instruments through the end molded platforms or platform-like formations may be hindered, it comes. Regarding the oblique employment of the exit channels often at an approximately mid-foot section and tip section of the respective Blade lying transition point for a change of orientation. This takes place in such a way that the coolant flowing out in a foot-side section of each row has a speed component pointing to the tip section in the region of the outlet openings, whereas the cooling medium flowing out in an adjoining tip-side section of each row has a speed component facing the foot section. In other words, in the foot-side section, the outlet channels are inclined in the extension direction of the turbine blade, whereas they are inclined in the tip-side section opposite to the extension direction. Such a turbine blade is known from EP-A-0 894 946.

Eine derartige Anordnung der Austrittskanäle kann jedoch auch Nachteile nach sich ziehen. Erfolgt der Wechsel ihrer Orientierung und die damit verbundene Änderung des Abzweigungswinkels gegenüber dem in Längsrichtung verlaufenden, zur Vorderkante korrespondierenden Kühlmittelkanal in einer örtlich gesehen abrupten Weise, so sind an der Übergangsstelle möglicherweise verhältnismäßig große Bereiche zwischen der Vorderkante und dem Kühlmittelkanal nicht von Austrittskanälen durchzogen und daher auch nicht konvektiv gekühlt. Dieser Mangel muss dann gegebenenfalls durch den gezielt vermehrten Einsatz von Kühlluft ausgeglichen werden. Erfolgt die Orientierungsänderung der Austrittskanäle stattdessen vergleichsweise kontinuierlich, so wird im Übergangsbereich die Ausbildung eines an der Oberfläche des Schaufelblatts entlangströmenden Films aus Kühlluft erschwert, da die Kühlluft dort beinahe senkrecht zur Oberfläche aus den Filmkühllöchern austritt und somit die Tendenz besitzt, sich von ihr abzulösen. Auch in diesem Fall muss vermehrt Kühlluft zugeführt werden, was wiederum Verluste im verfügbaren Verdichtermassenstrom bedeutet und den Wirkungsgrad der Gasturbine vermindert.Such an arrangement of the outlet channels, however, can also entail disadvantages. If the change in their orientation and the associated change in the branch angle with respect to the longitudinally extending, corresponding to the leading edge coolant channel in a locally abrupt manner, so relatively large areas between the leading edge and the coolant channel are not traversed by exit channels at the transition point and therefore also not convectively cooled. If necessary, this deficiency must be compensated for by the deliberately increased use of cooling air. If the orientation change of the outlet channels instead takes place comparatively continuously, the formation of a film of cooling air flowing along the surface of the blade is made more difficult in the transition region since the cooling air exits the film cooling holes almost perpendicular to the surface and thus has a tendency to detach from it. Also in this case, more cooling air must be supplied, which in turn means losses in the available compressor mass flow and reduces the efficiency of the gas turbine.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Turbinenschaufel der oben genannten Art anzugeben, für die mit einfachen Mitteln eine besonders zuverlässige und gleichmäßige Kühlung des Vorderkantenbereiches bei gleichzeitig besonders gering gehaltenem Bedarf an Kühlluft erreichbar ist.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a turbine blade of the type mentioned above, for the simple means a particularly reliable and uniform cooling of the leading edge region while maintaining a particularly low demand for cooling air can be achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst, indem die Übergangsstellen, in denen sich die Orientierung der Austrittskanäle ändert, für je zwei benachbarte Reihen in Längsrichtung gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet sind.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the transition points, in which the orientation of the exit channels changes, are arranged offset from one another for each two adjacent rows in the longitudinal direction.

Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, dass das aus den Austrittsöffnungen im Vorderkantenbereich des Schaufelblatts austretende Kühlmedium zur Bildung eines effektiven Kühlfilms eine möglichst große Geschwindigkeitskomponente parallel zur Oberfläche aufweisen sollte. Aus diesem Grunde sollte die bewährte, schräg zur Längsrichtung verlaufende Ausrichtung der Austrittskanäle beibehalten werden. Im Hinblick auf die bei der Herstellung des Schaufelblatts gegebenen, den Zugang und die Orientierung der Produktionswerkzeuge betreffenden Beschränkungen ist auch weiterhin ein Orientierungswechsel der beschriebenen Art für die in den Austrittsöffnungen mündenden Austrittskanäle entlang jeder der Reihen, in denen die Austrittsöffnungen angeordnet sind, wünschenswert. Andererseits sollten Bereiche mit vergleichsweise stark verminderter Häufigkeitsdichte der Austrittskanäle in der Schaufelwand vermieden werden. Dazu ist auszuschließen, dass die zu benachbarten Reihen gehörigen Lücken oder Zwischenräume im ansonsten vergleichsweise regelmäßigen Verteilungsmuster der Austrittskanäle direkt nebeneinander zu liegen kommen.The invention is based on the consideration that the cooling medium emerging from the outlet openings in the leading edge region of the airfoil in order to form an effective cooling film has the largest possible velocity component in parallel should have to the surface. For this reason, the proven, oblique to the longitudinal direction alignment of the outlet channels should be maintained. With regard to the restrictions imposed on the manufacture of the airfoil and the restrictions on the access and orientation of the production tools, a change of orientation of the type described will continue to be desirable for the exit channels opening in the exit openings along each of the rows in which the exit openings are located. On the other hand, areas with a comparatively greatly reduced frequency density of the outlet channels in the blade wall should be avoided. For this purpose, it is to be ruled out that the gaps or interspaces belonging to adjacent rows come to lie next to one another in the otherwise comparatively regular distribution pattern of the exit channels.

Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass die zugehörigen Übergangsstellen für je zwei benachbarte Reihen in Längsrichtung gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet sind. Die Versetzung bewirkt nämlich gerade eine lokale Verschränkung der zu je zwei benachbarten Reihen gehörigen Austrittskanäle und somit im Hinblick auf die Gesamtheit aller Reihen eine vergleichsweise homogene Verteilung der Austrittskanäle über den gesamten Vorderkantenbereich des Schaufelblatts. Daher ist in diesem Bereich auch eine vergleichsweise gute und effektive konvektive Kühlung des Schaufelinneren gewährleistet, so dass eine örtliche Überbeanspruchung des Materials durch Überhitzung vermieden wird. Gegenüber bekannten Ausführungen kann der Bedarf an Kühlmedium vergleichsweise gering gehalten werden, was sich leistungsförderlich für eine mit derartigen Turbinenschaufeln ausgestattete Gasturbine auswirkt.This is achieved in that the associated transition points for each two adjacent rows are arranged offset from one another in the longitudinal direction. In fact, the offset causes just a local entanglement of the outlet channels belonging to two adjacent rows and thus with respect to the totality of all rows a comparatively homogeneous distribution of the outlet channels over the entire leading edge region of the blade. Therefore, a relatively good and effective convective cooling of the blade interior is ensured in this area, so that a local overuse of the material is avoided by overheating. Compared to known designs, the need for cooling medium can be kept comparatively low, which has a performance-enhancing effect for a equipped with such turbine blades gas turbine.

Ein für eine effektive Filmkühlung besonders günstiges Strömungsverhalten des austretenden Kühlmediums in der Nähe der Vorderkante in Kombination mit einer guten konvektiven Kühlung der angrenzenden Schaufelwand ist erreichbar, indem die Austrittsöffnungen im gesamten Vorderkantenbereich in einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ungefähr gleichmäßig verteilt sind, derart, dass sie auf den Eckpunkten eines gedachten, um die Vorderkante des Schaufelblatts gebogenen, regelmäßigen Gitternetzes liegen. Dies bewirkt eine besonders homogene Benetzung der Schaufeloberfläche mit Kühlmittel.A flow behavior of the exiting cooling medium in the vicinity of the leading edge, which is particularly favorable for effective film cooling, combined with good convective cooling of the adjacent blade wall, can be achieved by using the Outlets in the entire leading edge region are approximately evenly distributed in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, such that they lie on the vertices of an imaginary, curved to the leading edge of the airfoil, regular grid network. This causes a particularly homogeneous wetting of the blade surface with coolant.

Die Anstellwinkel der Austrittskanäle gegenüber der Längsrichtung sind für die fußseitigen und spitzenseitigen Teilabschnitte aller Reihen von Austrittsöffnungen vorzugsweise jeweils ungefähr gleich groß. Dabei kann ein für den Effekt der Filmkühlung optimierter Wert, der aus Versuchen oder Berechnungen bekannt ist, eingestellt werden.The angles of incidence of the outlet channels with respect to the longitudinal direction are preferably approximately equal for the foot-side and tip-side sections of all rows of outlet openings. In this case, an optimized for the effect of the film cooling value, which is known from experiments or calculations, can be adjusted.

Das Konzept der abschnittsweisen Verschränkung benachbarter Filmkühlreihen lässt sich bei beliebig vielen nebeneinander liegenden Reihen anwenden. Da allerdings der Krümmungsradius eines Schaufelblatts in der Umgebung der Vorderkante häufig verhältnismäßig klein ist, können dann nur wenige Reihen von Austrittsöffnungen im Vorderkantenbereich untergebracht werden. Eine gleichmäßige und hinsichtlich des Kühlmittelverbrauchs besonders sparsame Kühlung der Vorderkante lässt sich jedoch bereits in einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung mit drei Reihen erreichen. Bei dieser Variante sind die zu den beiden äußeren Reihen gehörigen Übergangsstellen in Bezug auf die Längsrichtung zweckmäßigerweise gleich und damit symmetrisch zur mittleren Reihe angeordnet.The concept of section-wise entanglement of adjacent film cooling rows can be applied to any number of adjacent rows. However, since the radius of curvature of a blade in the vicinity of the leading edge is often relatively small, then only a few rows of outlet openings can be accommodated in the leading edge region. However, even in a preferred embodiment with three rows, a uniform cooling of the leading edge, which is particularly economical with regard to coolant consumption, can already be achieved. In this variant, the transition points associated with the two outer rows are expediently the same in relation to the longitudinal direction and thus arranged symmetrically with respect to the middle row.

Vorteilhafterweise ist die zur mittleren Reihe gehörige Übergangsstelle in diesem Fall gegenüber den beiden äußeren Reihen um drei Austrittsöffnungen verschoben. Bei dieser Wahl liegt einerseits eine verhältnismäßig gute Durchdringung der Schaufelwand im Vorderkantenbereich mit Austrittskanälen vor, andererseits ist der gegenseitige Versatz noch gering genug, so dass sich die im Verschränkungsbereich in gegenläufiger Richtung austretenden Luftströme nur unwesentlich gegenseitig irritieren.Advantageously, the transition point belonging to the middle row in this case is displaced by three outlet openings in relation to the two outer rows. In this choice, on the one hand there is a relatively good penetration of the blade wall in the leading edge region with outlet channels, on the other hand, the mutual offset is still low enough, so that the air currents exiting in Verschränkungsbereich in the opposite direction only slightly irritate each other.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist diese optimierte Anordnung von Filmkühlbohrungen im Fall einer für eine Verwendung in einer Gasturbine vorgesehenen Leitschaufel, die sowohl am fußseitigen als auch am spitzenseitigen Ende von möglicherweise voluminösen und massiven Plattformen abgeschlossen ist, welche den Zugang von Bohrwerkzeugen zur Herstellung der Austrittskanäle in besonderem Maße behindern.Particularly advantageous is this optimized arrangement of film cooling holes in the case of a provided for use in a gas turbine vane, which is completed at both the foot and the tip end of possibly bulky and massive platforms, the access of drilling tools for the production of the outlet channels in particular hinder.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, dass durch die Versetzung der Übergangsstellen, in denen sich die Orientierung der Austrittskanäle in Bezug auf die Längsrichtung ändert, eine mit geringem Aufwand herzustellende Turbinenschaufel angegeben ist, die im Bereich der besonders beanspruchten Vorderkante sowohl auf der Oberfläche durch einen gleichmäßigen Kühlluftfilm als auch im Innenbereich durch Konvektion von Kühlluft in den annähernd homogen und ohne Lücken von größerer Ausdehnung verteilten Austrittskanälen vor übermäßiger Beanspruchung durch Erhitzung während des Betriebs in einer Gasturbine geschützt ist. Dadurch kann Kühlluft eingespart werden, was den Wirkungsgrad der Gasturbine erhöht.The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that indicated by the displacement of the transitional points in which changes the orientation of the outlet channels with respect to the longitudinal direction, produced with little effort turbine blade, in the region of the particularly stressed leading edge on both Surface is protected by a uniform cooling air film as well as in the interior by convection of cooling air in the approximately homogeneously and without gaps of larger expansion distributed outlet channels from excessive stress by heating during operation in a gas turbine. As a result, cooling air can be saved, which increases the efficiency of the gas turbine.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigen:

FIG 1
eine teilgeschnittene Seitenansicht einer Turbinenschaufel,
FIG 2
einen Teil-Querschnitt durch die Turbinenschaufel nach FIG 1,
FIG 3
einen Teil-Längsschnitt durch die Turbinenschaufel nach FIG 1 und
FIG 4
eine teilgeschnittene Ansicht der Vorderkante der Turbinenschaufel nach FIG 1.
An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Show:
FIG. 1
a partially sectioned side view of a turbine blade,
FIG. 2
a partial cross section through the turbine blade of Figure 1,
FIG. 3
a partial longitudinal section through the turbine blade of Figure 1 and
FIG. 4
a partially sectioned view of the leading edge of the turbine blade according to FIG. 1

Gleiche Teile sind in allen Figuren mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.Identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.

Die Turbinenschaufel 2 nach FIG 1 ist als Leitschaufel für eine hier nicht weiter dargestellte Gasturbine ausgebildet. Sie umfasst einen Fußabschnitt 4 und einen Spitzenabschnitt 6 mit dazugehörigen Plattformen 8, 10 und einem dazwischenliegenden, sich in Längsrichtung L erstreckenden Schaufelblatt 12. Das profilierte Schaufelblatt 12 weist eine sich ebenfalls im Wesentlichen in Längsrichtung L erstreckende Vorderkante 14 und eine Hinterkante 16 mit dazwischenliegenden Seitenwänden 18 auf. Die Turbinenschaufel 2 wird über den Fußabschnitt 4 am Innengehäuse der Turbine fixiert, wobei die zugehörige Plattform 8 ein den Strömungsweg des Arbeitsmediums in der Gasturbine begrenzendes Wandelement bildet. Die der Turbinenwelle gegenüberliegende spitzenseitige Plattform 10 bildet eine weitere Begrenzung für das strömende Arbeitsmedium. Die Turbinenschaufel 2 könnte alternativ auch als Laufschaufel ausgebildet sein, die in analoger Weise über eine auch als Schaufelfuß bezeichnete fußseitige Plattform 8 an der Turbinenwelle befestigt ist.The turbine blade 2 according to FIG. 1 is designed as a guide blade for a gas turbine not shown here. It comprises a foot section 4 and a tip section 6 with associated platforms 8, 10 and an intermediate airfoil 12 extending in the longitudinal direction L. The profiled airfoil 12 has a leading edge 14 also extending substantially in the longitudinal direction L and a trailing edge 16 with side walls therebetween 18 on. The turbine blade 2 is fixed via the foot section 4 on the inner casing of the turbine, wherein the associated platform 8 forms a wall element bounding the flow path of the working medium in the gas turbine. The turbine shaft opposite the tip-side platform 10 forms another limit to the flowing working fluid. Alternatively, the turbine blade 2 could also be designed as a moving blade, which is fastened in an analogous manner to the turbine shaft via a foot-side platform 8, also referred to as a blade root.

Über eine Anzahl von am unteren Ende des Fußabschnitts 4 angeordneten Einlassöffnungen 20 wird ein Kühlmittel K ins Schaufelinnere eingebracht. Es sind jedoch auch Konzepte bekannt, bei denen die Zuleitung des Kühlmittels K über die spitzenseitige Plattform 10 erfolgt. Üblicherweise handelt es sich beim Kühlmittel K um Kühlluft. Nachdem das Kühlmittel K einen oder mehrere sich an die Einlassöffnungen 20 anschließende Kühlmittelkanäle 22 im Inneren der Turbinenschaufel 2 durchströmt hat, tritt es aus einer Anzahl von auch als Filmkühllöcher bezeichneten, mit den Kühlmittelkanälen 22 korrespondierenden Austrittsöffnungen 24 im Bereich des Schaufelblatts 12 aus. Unterschiedliche Bereiche des Schaufelblattes 12 stellen dabei im Hinblick auf die verschiedenartige thermische und mechanische Belastung sowie die jeweiligen Platzverhältnisse im Schaufelinneren an die Anordnung und die Gestaltung der Filmkühllöcher ganz unterschiedliche Anforderungen. Insbesondere der sich an die Vorderkante 14 des Schaufelblatts 12 unmittelbar anschließende, vergleichsweise stark gekrümmte Vorderkantenbereich 28 bedarf aufgrund einer relativ hohen Belastung einer wirkungsvollen Kühlung.A coolant K is introduced into the blade interior via a number of inlet openings 20 arranged at the lower end of the foot section 4. However, concepts are also known in which the supply of the coolant K takes place via the tip-side platform 10. Usually, the coolant K is cooling air. After the coolant K has flowed through one or more coolant channels 22 adjoining the inlet openings 20 in the interior of the turbine blade 2, it emerges from a number of outlet openings 24, also referred to as film cooling holes, corresponding to the coolant channels 22 in the area of the blade 12. Different areas of the airfoil 12 provide in view of the various thermal and mechanical stress and the respective space conditions In Schaufelinneren to the arrangement and the design of the film cooling holes very different requirements. In particular, the comparatively strongly curved leading edge region 28, which adjoins the leading edge 14 of the blade 12 immediately, requires effective cooling due to a relatively high load.

FIG 2 zeigt den vorderen Bereich des profilierten Schaufelblatts 12 mit dem die Vorderkante 14 umfassenden, verhältnismäßig stark gekrümmten Vorderkantenbereich 28, an den sich Druckseite 30 und Saugseite 32 anschließen. Von einem im Wesentlichen in Längsrichtung L der Turbinenschaufel 2 verlaufenden, zur Vorderkante 14 beabstandeten Kühlmittelkanal 22 zweigen Austrittskanäle 34 von kleinerem Querschnitt ab, welche die Schaufelwand 36 durchdringen und im Vorderkantenbereich 28 in Austrittsöffnungen 24 oder Filmkühllöchern münden. Durch die Durchströmung der Austrittskanäle 34 mit Kühlmittel K wird eine Kühlung der angrenzenden Gebiete der Schaufelwand 36 erreicht. Zu dieser konvektiven Kühlung des Schaufelinneren tritt der durch die aus den Austrittsöffnungen 24 ausströmende Kühlluft verursachte Effekt der Filmkühlung auf der Oberfläche des Schaufelblatts 12 auf. Dabei bildet sich auf der Oberfläche durch die mit verhältnismäßig geringer Geschwindigkeit an ihr entlangströmende Kühlluft gewissermaßen ein Luftpolster bzw. ein Schutzfilm aus, der einen direkten Kontakt der Schaufeloberfläche mit dem eine hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeit aufweisenden Arbeitsmedium verhindert.FIG. 2 shows the front region of the profiled airfoil 12 with the relatively strongly curved front edge region 28, which includes the leading edge 14 and adjoins the pressure side 30 and suction side 32. From a substantially in the longitudinal direction L of the turbine blade 2 extending, spaced from the front edge 14 coolant channel 22 branch off outlet channels 34 of smaller cross section, which penetrate the blade wall 36 and open in the leading edge region 28 in outlet openings 24 or film cooling holes. By the flow through the outlet channels 34 with coolant K cooling of the adjacent areas of the blade wall 36 is achieved. For this convective cooling of the blade interior, the effect of film cooling on the surface of the blade 12 caused by the cooling air flowing out of the outlet openings 24 occurs. As a result, an air cushion or a protective film, which prevents direct contact of the blade surface with the working medium having a high flow velocity, thus effectively forms on the surface through the cooling air flowing along it at a relatively low velocity.

Um einerseits eine gleichmäßige konvektive Kühlung der Schaufelwand 36 zu ermöglichen und andererseits die Ausbildung eines kontinuierlichen Kühlluftfilms zu begünstigen, sind die Austrittsöffnungen 24 im Ausführungsbeispiel entlang von drei parallel zur Vorderkante 14 ausgerichteten Reihen angeordnet, derart, dass sie ein regelmäßiges Gittermuster bilden. Außerdem sind die Austrittskanäle 34 gegenüber der Längsrichtung L der Turbinenschaufel 2 geneigt, so dass sich im Bereich ihrer Austrittsöffnungen 24 für das ausströmende Kühlmittel K ein flacher Austrittswinkel bzgl. der Schaufeloberfläche ergibt. Dies wirkt sich ebenfalls günstig auf die Entstehung eines schützenden Kühlluftfilms aus. Wie man dem Längsschnitt entlang der mittleren Reihe von Austrittsöffnungen 24 gemäß FIG 3 entnehmen kann, existieren die Neigung der Austrittskanäle 34 betreffend zwei unterschiedliche Teilabschnitte. In einem fußseitigen Teilabschnitt 38 der dargestellten Reihe sind sie derart geneigt, dass das aus den Austrittsöffnungen 24 ausströmende Kühlmittel K eine zum Spitzenabschnitt 6 der Turbinenschaufel 2 weisende Geschwindigkeitskomponente besitzt. An einer angrenzenden Übergangsstelle 40 ändert sich die Orientierung der Austrittskanäle 34, so dass das aus dem spitzenseitigen Teilabschnitt 42 der Reihe ausströmende Kühlmittel K eine zum Fußabschnitt 4 gerichtete Geschwindigkeitskomponente aufweist. Dieser Orientierungswechsel ist durch den aufgrund der Plattformen 8, 10 beschränkten Zugang der Bohrwerkzeuge bei der Herstellung der Turbinenschaufel 2 bedingt und zieht das Vorhandensein einer vergleichsweise großen Lücke 44 in der ansonsten gleichmäßig von Austrittskanälen 34 durchzogenen Schaufelwand 36 nach sich. Das eben gesagte gilt sinngemäß für jede der drei im Vorderkantenbereich 28 des Schaufelblatts 12 angeordneten Reihen von Austrittsöffnungen 24.On the one hand to allow a uniform convective cooling of the blade wall 36 and on the other hand to favor the formation of a continuous cooling air film, the outlet openings 24 are arranged in the embodiment along three parallel to the leading edge 14 aligned rows, such that they form a regular grid pattern. In addition, the outlet channels 34 are inclined relative to the longitudinal direction L of the turbine blade 2, so that in the region of their Outlet openings 24 for the outflowing coolant K a flat exit angle with respect. The blade surface results. This also has a favorable effect on the formation of a protective cooling air film. As can be seen from the longitudinal section along the middle row of outlet openings 24 according to FIG. 3, the inclination of the outlet channels 34 exists with regard to two different sections. In a foot-side section 38 of the illustrated row they are inclined so that the effluent from the outlet openings 24 coolant K has a pointing to the tip portion 6 of the turbine blade 2 speed component. At an adjacent transition point 40, the orientation of the outlet channels 34 changes so that the coolant K flowing out of the tip-side section 42 of the row has a velocity component directed toward the foot section 4. This change in orientation is due to the limited access of the drilling tools in the manufacture of the turbine blade 2 due to the platforms 8, 10 and the presence of a comparatively large gap 44 in the blade wall 36, which is otherwise uniformly traversed by outlet channels 34. The same applies mutatis mutandis to each of the three arranged in the leading edge region 28 of the airfoil 12 rows of outlet openings 24th

Die Turbinenschaufel 2 ist für eine besonders zuverlässige Kühlung des Vorderkantenbereiches 28 bei gleichzeitig besonders gering gehaltenem Bedarf an Kühlmittel K spezifisch ausgelegt. Dazu sind die genannten Übergangsstellen 40 in der Art einer abschnittsweise verschränkten Anordnung benachbarter Filmkühlreihen zueinander versetzt positioniert. Die teilgeschnittene perspektivische Ansicht der Vorderkante 14 in FIG 4 zeigt nämlich, dass die zur mittleren Reihe gehörige Übergangsstelle 40, in der sich die Orientierung der Austrittskanäle 34 ändert, gegenüber den beiden äußeren Reihen in Längsrichtung L verschoben ist. Die Verschiebung beträgt hier im Ausführungsbeispiel drei Gitterpunkte. Dadurch sind auch die zu jeweils zwei benachbarten Reihen gehörigen Lücken 44 bezüglich der Austrittskanäle 34 soweit gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet, dass im gesamten Verschränkungsgebiet 46 insgesamt eine vergleichsweise gute Durchdringung der Schaufelwand 36 mit Austrittskanälen 34 und somit auch eine vergleichsweise gute konvektive Kühlung sichergestellt ist. Da auf der anderen Seite die gegenseitige Verschiebung der Übergangsstellen 40 nicht wesentlich größer als das zu diesem Zweck notwendige Mindestmaß gewählt ist, wird auch die Verwirbelung des auf der Oberfläche strömenden Kühlluftfilms aufgrund der in diesem Abschnitt gegeneinander gerichteten Luftströme auf ein notwendiges Minimum beschränkt.The turbine blade 2 is designed specifically for a particularly reliable cooling of the leading edge region 28 at the same time kept particularly low demand for coolant K. For this purpose, the aforementioned transition points 40 are positioned offset from each other in the manner of a sectionally entangled arrangement of adjacent film cooling rows. Namely, the partially cutaway perspective view of the leading edge 14 in FIG. 4 shows that the transition point 40 belonging to the middle row, in which the orientation of the exit channels 34 changes, is displaced in the longitudinal direction L with respect to the two outer rows. The shift here in the exemplary embodiment three grid points. Thereby are Also associated with each two adjacent rows gaps 44 with respect to the outlet channels 34 as far as offset from each other arranged that in the entire Verschränkungsgebiet 46 overall a comparatively good penetration of the blade wall 36 with outlet channels 34 and thus a comparatively good convective cooling is ensured. Since on the other hand, the mutual displacement of the transition points 40 is not chosen substantially greater than the minimum required for this purpose, the turbulence of the flowing on the surface cooling air film is limited due to the directed in this section against each other air currents to a necessary minimum.

Damit ist eine sowohl hinsichtlich der konvektiven Kühlung der Schaufelwand 36 als auch hinsichtlich der Filmkühlung auf der Oberfläche optimierte Anordnung von Austrittskanälen 34 und zugehörigen Austrittsöffnungen 24 geschaffen, die sich gegenüber den bekannten Lösungen durch einen verringerten Verbrauch von Kühlmittel K auszeichnet und somit den Wirkungsgrad einer mit derartigen Turbinenschaufeln 2 ausgestatteten Gasturbine erhöht.Thus, an optimized both in terms of convective cooling of the blade wall 36 and with respect to the film cooling on the surface arrangement of outlet channels 34 and associated outlet openings 24 is provided, which is characterized over the known solutions by a reduced consumption of coolant K and thus the efficiency of a increased such turbine blades 2 equipped gas turbine.

Claims (7)

  1. Turbine blade (2), with a root section (4), with a tip section (6) and with a blade leaf (12) which is provided with a number of coolant ducts (22) through which a coolant (K) is capable of flowing, whereas from a coolant duct (22) running essentially in the longitudinal direction (L) of the turbine blade (2) and spaced apart from the leading edge (14), outlet ducts (34) which issue in outlet ports (24), are branching off, in the leading edge region (28) of the blade leaf (12), the outlet ports (24) being arranged along at least two rows oriented essentially parallel to the leading edge (14), and the outlet ducts (34) being oriented, in the region of their respective outlet port (24), obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction (L) of the turbine blade (2), in such a way that the coolant (K) flowing out in a root-side subsection (38) of each row possesses, in the region of the outlet ports (24), a velocity component pointing toward the tip section (6) of the turbine blade (2), and the coolant (K) flowing out in a tip-side subsection (42), contiguous thereto, of each row has a velocity component pointing toward the root section (4),
    characterized in that the transitional points (40) at which the orientation of the outlet ducts (34) changes are arranged so as to be offset relative to one another in the longitudinal direction (L) in each case for two adjacent rows.
  2. Turbine blade (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet ports (24) in the leading edge region (28) lie approximately on the grid dots of a regular grid.
  3. Turbine blade (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the angles of incidence of the outlet ducts (34) with respect to the longitudinal direction (L) are in each case approximately identical for the root-side and the tip-side subsections (38, 42) of all the rows of outlet ports (24).
  4. Turbine blade (2) according to claim 3, with at least three rows of outlet ports (24), characterized in that the transitional points (40) belonging to the two outer rows are arranged identically with respect to the longitudinal direction (L).
  5. Turbine blade (2) according to claim 4, characterized in that the transitional point (40) belonging to the middle row is displaced with respect to the two outer rows by the amount of three outlet ports (24).
  6. Turbine blade (2) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is designed as a guide vane.
  7. Gas turbine, characterized in that at least one of the turbine blades (2) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 6.
EP04015805A 2004-07-05 2004-07-05 Film cooled turbine blade Expired - Lifetime EP1614859B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE502004003477T DE502004003477D1 (en) 2004-07-05 2004-07-05 Film-cooled turbine blade
EP04015805A EP1614859B1 (en) 2004-07-05 2004-07-05 Film cooled turbine blade
ES04015805T ES2282763T3 (en) 2004-07-05 2004-07-05 TURBINE ALABE REFRIGERRED BY FILM.
US11/174,275 US7500823B2 (en) 2004-07-05 2005-07-01 Turbine blade
CNB2005100820514A CN100350132C (en) 2004-07-05 2005-07-05 Turbine blade

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP1614859B1 true EP1614859B1 (en) 2007-04-11

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CN (1) CN100350132C (en)
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CN1724849A (en) 2006-01-25
US20060002796A1 (en) 2006-01-05
ES2282763T3 (en) 2007-10-16

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