EP1649116B1 - Beam attachment system - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has two posts (5a, 5b), a beam (3b) and a tie (9b). The posts are spaced by the beam and connected together by the tie. The beam is connected to the tie. The beam and the tie are mounted to slide relatively according to a terminated sliding portion. Sleeves are assembled on the tie to delimit the terminated sliding portion. The beam has two side parts forming a passage for the tie.

Description

The present invention relates to a beam attachment system and, in particular, a long-span beam.

The beams and, in particular, the long-mashed beams have many applications, particularly in the field of large span structures, for the construction of buildings and structures. Examples of such structures are warehouses, hypermarkets, aircraft halls, sports centers, buildings on stilts or high-rise, car parks, bridges and footbridges.

The document FR 2,262,167 discloses an architectural construction structure for receiving a large surface coverage, without interior dimensions such as pillars or bulkheads using metal frame members arranged only on the outer perimeter and using live cables as supports longitudinal, and further comprising a gantry at each end and one or more arches according to dimensions.

FR 2,611,781 discloses a system for providing support and attachment of long-span beams. Fastening is done on metal support posts, each post being provided with at least one arching leg hinged at its lower end on a hinge axis integral with the corresponding post. The upper end of the bracing leg is provided with a receiving angle on which is carried a solitary wedge end of the end of a long-span beam via contact pieces which is provided said tip. Thanks to this system, the vertical reaction of the weight of the beam is transferred in a bracing force in the axis of the corresponding leg. This effort in turn creates a longitudinal force of longitudinal stress in the corresponding beam of long reach, intended to support a structure.

The reduction of the weight of the beam transferred in the effort of buttressing in the axis of the leg solicits in spacing the posts on which are hung the beams. This means that the bracing force exerts a moment on the posts. When looking to increase the span of the beam, one possibility is to increase the longitudinal stress in the beam. However, an additional stress in the beam causes an additional moment, that is to say an additional stress exerted on the poles. This extra moment can in turn lead to deformation of posts such as bending buckling or breaking when the bending resistance threshold of the pole is crossed. Post deformation threatens the stability of the fastening system. All the more reason, a breaking of a beam is obviously not desirable.

There is therefore a need for a beam attachment system that allows to increase the span of the beam and preserve the stability of the system.

The invention relates to a beam attachment system comprising two posts, a beam and at least one tie rod, in which the posts are biased by the beam and urged closer by the tie rod, the beam is connected to the tie rod and the beam and the tie are mounted relative sliding in a finite portion of sliding.

• des manchons montés sur le tirant délimitent la portion finie de coulissement ;
• la poutre comprend au moins deux parties latérales entre lesquelles est formé un passage de tirant ;
• la poutre est soutenue par le tirant;
• la poutre comprend plusieurs segments longitudinaux ;
• chacun des poteaux est relié à la poutre par l'intermédiaire d'une bielle, la bielle étant articulée d'une part au poteau qu'elle relie à la poutre et d'autre part à la poutre;
• l'un des poteaux est un poteau de rive ; et
• la poutre comprend un matériau lamellé-collé et/ou un profil d'acier reconstitué soudé

In preferred embodiments, the invention comprises one or more of the following features:

• sleeves mounted on the tie delimit the finite portion of sliding;
• the beam comprises at least two lateral parts between which is formed a pulling passage;
• the beam is supported by the tie rod;
• the beam comprises several longitudinal segments;
• each of the posts is connected to the beam by means of a connecting rod, the rod being hinged on the one hand to the post that connects to the beam and on the other hand to the beam;
• one of the posts is a bank post; and
• the beam comprises a glue-laminated material and / or a welded composite steel profile

• Figure 1 : une illustration schématique du système d'accrochage selon l'invention;
• Figure 2 : une vue de face et en coupe représentant la partie supérieure d'un poteau relié à deux poutres par l'intermédiaire de bielles;
• Figure 3 : une vue de dessus des éléments représentes sur la figure 2 ;
• Figure 4 : une vue partielle, de face, d'un tirant fixé en tête d'un poteau et au niveau d'une extrémité d'une poutre;
• Figure 5 : vue en coupe transversale d'une poutre, au niveau d'une section centrale de la poutre ;
• Figure 6 : une vue partielle et en coupe, le long d'une section longitudinale de la poutre, au niveau de sa partie centrale ;
• Figure 7 : une vue de face, représentant une poutre destinée à être montée dans le système d'accrochage;

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, given by way of example only and with reference to the appended drawings, which show:

• Figure 1 : a schematic illustration of the attachment system according to the invention;
• Figure 2 : a front view in section showing the upper part of a post connected to two beams via connecting rods;
• Figure 3 : a view from above of the elements represented on the figure 2 ;
• Figure 4 : a partial view, front, of a tie rod fixed at the head of a pole and at one end of a beam;
• Figure 5 : cross-sectional view of a beam, at a central section of the beam;
• Figure 6 : a partial view in section, along a longitudinal section of the beam, at its central portion;
• Figure 7 : a front view, representing a beam to be mounted in the attachment system;

The invention proposes a beam attachment system comprising two posts, a beam and at least one tie, in which the posts are biased by the beam and urged closer by the tie rod. The tie compensates at least in part the stress exerted by the beam on the pole. This system makes it possible to extend the span of the beam and preserve the stability of the system.

The figure is a schematic illustration of the attachment system according to the invention. The figure shows a bank post 14 as well as several posts 5a, 5b, beams 3a, 3b, 3c and tie rods 9a, 9b, 9c. The posts 5a, 5b are embedded in the ground 4 (that is to say in the foundation) and form a metal frame for fastening the beams. The general reference number 3 designates a beam, the number 9 designates a tie rod and the number 5 designates a frame stud other than a rim pole. The additional reference letters a, b, c designate different sections of the frame. A beam is hung between two posts with support systems that will be described later. The tie rod is a part of the system designed to withstand traction. It can for example be fixed at the head of a pole and be made in the form of a cable or a tight shaft. The beam attachment system I according to the invention thus comprises two posts 5a, 5b, a beam 3b and at least one tie 9b. The beam is stressed and the tie rod connects at least one of the posts 5a, 5b, so that the two posts 5a, 5b are biased by the beam 3b and urged closer by the tie 9b. The biasing by the tie 9h compensates at least partially the moment exerted by a beam on the poles and further creates an additional longitudinal stress in the beam. This system thus makes it possible, on the one hand, to lengthen the span of the beam and, on the other hand, to take back part of the stress exerted on a pole. It also helps to preserve the stability of the system.

The figure 2 is a front view in section showing the upper part of a pole connected to two beams via connecting rods. The figure shows a pole 5a, two beams 3a, 3b, a vertical wedge 17, two connecting rods 13a, 13b, two distribution plates 19a, 19b and two tie rods 9a, 9b. An element a of each pair of elements a, h mentioned above is located to the left of the pole 5a, the other element being to the right of the pole. The pole 5a is embedded in the ground 4 in this example and, more particularly, in the foundation. According to a variant it can be articulated on the foundation. The pole 5a is connected to the beams 3a, 3b by means of a connecting rod 13a, 13b hinged on the one hand to the pole 5a that it connects to a beam and on the other hand to a beam 3a, 3b. The articulation at the pole 5a can be achieved by means of a pivot connection 14a, 14b or, alternatively, an axis. The articulation at the level of the beam can itself be achieved by means of a support bracket 18a, 18b. An end angle can then be articulated in the support angle 18a, 18b so as to form a pivot connection. For example, the end angle may be in the form of a distribution plate 19a, 19b. This plate fixed to a beam 3a, 3b makes it possible, on the one hand, to support this beam and, on the other hand, to distribute the reaction of the support in this beam 3. Two tie rods 9a, 9b are fixed at the top of the pole 5a , left and right, respectively.

According to a variant, only one tie is fixed at the top of the pole 5a. A same tie can then extend along a frame comprising several poles. Such a structure has the advantage of distributing the stress forces, as well as the recovery of these efforts, along the frame. It follows a better cohesion of the frame.

The tie rods are at least partially retracted into the beam, as will be described later. A wedging 17 of the two beams, at the head of the pole 5a, can also be provided by two wedging elements, located on either side of the beams. This will be best described with reference to the figure 3 .

The figure 3 is a top view of the elements represented on the figure 2 . Each of the beams 3a, 3b comprises two lateral parts, respectively referenced on the figure 3 under 3aG, 3aD, 3bG and 3bD. The two lateral parts are assembled and connected by fixing elements 20a, 20b such as bolts. These fasteners pass through a distribution plate 19a, 19b, as shown in FIG. figure 2 . These plates are however obscured by a tie 9a, 9b and are therefore not visible on the figure 3 . The side portions 3aG, 3aD, 3bG, 3bD are clamped at their head by the two wedging elements 17G, 17D, which can thus prevent the spill of the beams. Other fixing elements 16 maintain the wedging elements 17 enclosing the head of the beams 3a, 3b. A passage 15a, 15b is formed between two lateral parts, allowing a tie 9a, 9b to engage. The section of the half-beams can be designed so that after assembly of the two half-beams, a passage 15a, 15b forms a channel allowing a tie 9a, 9b to engage. A tie 9a, 9b is thus at least partially retracted into a beam, which allows to protect it, for example in case of fire. In the embodiment shown on the figure 3 two tie rods 9a, 9b are fixed at the top of the pole 5a.

The figure 4 is a partial front view of a tie rod fixed at the head of a pole and at one end of a beam. The figure shows a tie 9b, the head of a pole 5a, a beam 3b and a tension member 23b of the tie 9b. This member 23b makes it possible to adjust the tension of the tie rod 9b, for example after the mounting of the beam 3b on the posts and the drawing with the beam.

The figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a beam, at a central section of the beam. This figure shows a beam 3 comprising two lateral parts (or half-beams) left and right 3G, 3D fixedly connected by fixing elements 20. The figure also shows a portion of post 5 and a rod 13 articulated to the post 5 via a pivot connection 14 and in contact with the beam 3 at a distribution plate 19 of the beam. The fastening elements 20 pass through this plate 19. The left-hand 3G and right-hand 3D parts of the beam 3 form a passage 15 allowing a tie rod (not shown) to engage with it.

It should be noted that the pulling passage 15 is less material in the beam. In addition to allowing the tie rod to be engaged within the beam to support it, the passage 15 releases material and thus lighten the beam 3. The beam 3 is thus less subject to buckling caused by its own. mass. In addition, the retraction of the tie rod inside the passage 15 reduces the space requirement of the tie rod and makes it possible to protect the tie rod, for example, in the event of a fire. If necessary, a fire retardant film may be attached to close the passage 15 to further protect the tie rod in case of fire.

In one embodiment, the passage 15 is formed such that the tie rods support the beam at the center of gravity of the beam. A central distribution plate 41 of the beam rests on the tie rod 9. This central plate 41 is traversed by fastening elements 40 fixedly connecting the two lateral parts 3, 3, 3 of beam via the central plate 41.

In addition, the pulling passage 15 formed by the lateral portions 3G, 3D allows relative sliding of the beam relative to the tie rod. Such a characteristic allows the beam 3 to adjust naturally with respect to the tie rod 9. This latter property of the attachment system is particularly advantageous when the beam 3 is subjected to an asymmetrical load. This is for example the case when equipment such as air conditioning or heating equipment is fixed in support on the beam at a place remote from the center of the beam. In such a case, the additional degree of freedom offered by the relative sliding of the beam 3 relative to the tie rod 9 makes it possible to reduce the potential energy related to the load stress. Such a property thus makes it possible to further stabilize the fastening system.

However, it should be noted that if in the present embodiment, the beam 3 is supported by the tie rod 9, it can also be connected to the tie rod in various possible variants.

Alternatively, the tie rod can support the beam through a ring or equivalent connecting member allowing the beam 3 to slide along the tie rod.

According to another variant, the tie rod is simply fixed to the beam, for example in the center of the upper surface of the beam. This variant makes it possible to simplify the manufacture of the fastening system 1. This produces a fastening system 1 in which the solicitation of posts by a tie compensates at least partially the moment exerted by the beam 3 on the posts and creates in addition, an additional longitudinal stress in the beam 3. Such a fastening system has a great simplicity of assembly, allows to extend the span of the beam and to take back part of the stress exerted on a post. The fact that the tie rod connects the beam 3 also makes it possible to stabilize the beam-post assembly of the fastening system.

According to another variant, the tie rod can be made in two parts of separate tie rods. One of these parts connects a pole to the beam and the other of these parts connects the beam to another pole. It is then obtained a pulling structure - posts - guyed type beam in which each of the two parts tie rods at least partially compensates for the moment exerted by the beam on each of the poles.

Furthermore, it has been mentioned above that the additional degree of freedom offered by the relative sliding of the beam 3 with respect to the tie rod 9 made it possible to reduce the potential energy related to the load stress and to further stabilize the system. hanging. However, it is possible to limit the relative sliding of the beam relative to the tie rod, to prevent instability of the attachment system. To this end, a sleeve 43 fixed on the tie rod 9 limits the sliding of the beam relative to the tie rod. This will be best described with reference to the figure 6 .

The figure 6 is a partial view in section, along a longitudinal section of the beam, at its central portion. The figure shows the central part of a beam 3 comprising two lateral parts. The cut is made between these two lateral parts. The tie rod 9 is engaged in the pulling passage formed by the lateral portions of beams and allows relative sliding of the beam 3 with respect to the tie rod 9. In one embodiment, illustrated by way of example on FIG. figure 6 , the beam 3 and the tie rod 9 are mounted relative sliding in a finite portion of sliding. The sliding portion is delimited by two sleeves 43, 45 fixed on the tie 9. The two lateral portions of the beams are connected by a central distribution plate 41, pierced with several holes for fixing the plate 41 on the two lateral parts. . The central distribution plate can slide along the tie rod 9 and between the sleeves. The difference between the finished sliding portion and the length of the distribution plate defines a sliding clearance, as illustrated in FIG. figure 6 .

According to a variant, the distribution plates 19. 41 are subdivided into two identical plates. Each of these two plates can be pre-assembled on a lateral part of a 3G, 3D beam. Thus, the assembly phase of the beam 3 only requires assembly directly by fixing the side portions of the beam, for example by means of bolts. On the other hand, since the pre-assembly phase is a factory phase, it can be easily controlled. Possible errors during assembly of the beam are thus discarded. The assembly of the beam 3 on a construction site is substantially simplified.

The sliding clearance is typically between 0.2 / 10000 5/10000 ^e and ^e of the span of the beam. This game is chosen to be much lower than a threshold of instability of the attachment system, that is to say a threshold beyond which the sliding of the beam 3 threatens the stability of the system. Such a feature allows the beam 3, also hinged to connecting rods, to adjust relative to the tie rod 9, within a delimited sliding portion. Thus, when the beam 3 is subjected to an asymmetrical load, the additional degree of freedom provided by the relative sliding of the beam 3 relative to the tie rod reduces the potential energy related to the load stress. Such a property makes it possible to stabilize the fastening system, as described above. However, the sliding takes place inside a finite sliding portion (delimited by sleeves), in order to prevent the beam from sliding beyond the threshold of instability of the fastening system.

The figure 7 shows a front view, showing a beam to be mounted in the attachment system. The beam 3 is subdivided into three longitudinal segments 31,32,33. The third segment 33 is similar to the first segment 31 but oriented symmetrically with respect to the central cross-section of the beam 3. Each of the segments terminates in a recess at one, at least, of its ends, as shown in the figure, so that the assembly of the segments is facilitated. Preferably, the central segment 32 has a recess such that it rests on the other two segments 31,33. Fastening plates 34 consolidate the beam 3 at the recesses. Taken separately, these 31,32,33 segments are more manageable than a beam in one piece, which considerably simplifies the logistics relating to the delivery of the attachment system on a building site. In addition, the use of segments makes it possible not to have to resort to an exceptional transport and, therefore, to reduce the cost price of an assembled beam.

If necessary, as many segments of beams can be provided as necessary to avoid the need for exceptional transportation. Such a fastening system design, according to the invention, makes it possible to envisage the production of beams of length ranging from 5 to 120 m. In theory, it is theoretically possible to produce beams of lengths greater than 120 m in a fastening system according to the invention, by adapting the overall dimensions of the beams and columns. Among the lengths of beams typically envisaged in the fastening system according to the invention, the following lengths may be mentioned: 18, 24, 30, 35, 40, 55 and 70 m.

The material used for the beam is glulam. Alternatively, a welded reconstituted steel profile may be used.

Typically, the tie is made of steel or is derived from steel and has a modulus of elasticity of between 190,000 and 230,000 MPa.

The invention is however not limited to the variants described above but is capable of many other variations easily accessible to those skilled in the art. For example, it is conceivable to split a beam into any odd number of longitudinal segments. An odd number of segments makes it possible to envisage a beam that is symmetrical with respect to its central cross-section, the beam comprising a central segment resting on the tie rod. The number of segments can then be optimized to reduce the overall cost of mounting the attachment system.

Claims (8)

1. Beam attachment system (1) comprising:

   - two posts (5, 5a, 5b);

   - a beam (3, 3a, 3b); and

   - at least one beam tie (9, 9a, 9b);

   in which:

   - the posts are stressed by the beam (3,3a, 3b) pushing them apart and stressed by the beam tie (9, 9a, 9b) pulling them together;

   - the beam (3, 3a, 3b) is connected to the beam tie (9, 9a, 9b);

   characterized in that the beam (3, 3a, 3b) and the beam tie (9, 9a, 9b) are mounted with sliding relative to each other according to a finite sliding portion.
2. The attachment system (1) according to claim 1, in which sleeves (43, 45) mounted on the beam tie (9, 9a, 9b) delimit the finite sliding portion.
3. The attachment system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, in which the beam (3, 3a, 3b) comprises at least two lateral parts (3G, 3D) between which a beam tie passage (15) is formed.
4. The attachment system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the beam (3, 3a, 3b) is supported by the beam tie (9, 9a, 9b).
5. The attachment system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the beam (3, 3a, 3b) comprises several longitudinal segments (31, 32, 33).
6. The attachment system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in each of the posts (5, 5a, 5b) is connected to the beam (3, 3a, 3b) by means of a connecting rod (13a, 13b), the connecting rod being articulated on the one hand on the post (5, 5a, 5b) which it connects to the beam and on the other hand on the beam (3, 3a, 3b).
7. The attachment system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which one of the posts (5, 5a, 5b) is an edge post (14).
8. The attachment system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the beam (3, 3a, 3b) comprises a glued-laminated material and/or a welded reconstituted steel section.

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