EP1528171B1 - Wood-Concrete composite system comprising wooden construction elements, intermediate layers and concrete construction elements - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to wood-concrete composite systems, which consist of wooden components, intermediate layers and concrete components according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.

From the patent DE 44 06 433 C2 is known wood by glued moldings with other materials of any kind to connect force-fit. The known connecting element is formed as a flat flat body in the form of a steel sheet which is glued into a slot introduced in the wood so that it protrudes over a part of its surface from the wood. The protruding part of the connecting element is used for connection to another material.

From the publication DE 198 08 208 A1 is known wood by glued moldings with concrete to connect frictionally. The known connecting element is formed as a flat flat body in the form of a steel sheet which is glued into a slot introduced in the wood so that it protrudes over a part of its surface from the wood. The protruding part of the connecting element has anchor tongues which anchor in the cast-on concrete.

From the publication DE 198 18 525 A1 a wood-concrete composite element is known which consists of a plurality of assembled boards, which in turn comprise composite webs and an overlying concrete component. The bond between the concrete component and the boards or composite webs is created by - inserted in the wood recesses - embarked transverse force anchors. The transverse force anchors are arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the composite boards and thus have a geometric toothing between wood and concrete. See also DE 202 10 714 U1 ,

A major disadvantage of the aforementioned writings is the lack of final coupling of the materials wood and concrete and the resulting limitations in the application. So it is known that a direct contact between Wood and concrete can lead to condensation and thus mold in the wood. Furthermore, in a direct contact between wood and concrete creates a sound bridge, which prevents the usability of a wood-concrete composite ceiling without further construction. Furthermore, it is known that the stiffness of a cross-section increases with increasing lever arm and thus leads to a pronounced interlayer formation to stiffer systems.

Another disadvantage of the latter document is that any deposits in the form of pipes or pipes in the wood or concrete in the claimed cross-section and thus their usefulness is permanently reduced by the loads.

The object of the invention is to provide wood-concrete composite systems with intermediate layers, which are equipped with high bonding forces, different cross-sectional variants, different system properties and different physical properties. The task of the intermediate layer is to create a decoupling of the significantly different materials wood and concrete, without reducing the stiff or rigid connection - a prerequisite for an effective composite effect - of the two materials.

This object is achieved by the features of claims 1 ff. The present invention describes a wood-concrete composite system consisting of wooden components, intermediate layers and concrete components. The wooden components are connected to the concrete component quasi rigidly by continuously arranged connection means.

The connecting means are formed as a flat body with corresponding openings or roughening, as a grid and / or as networks of metals and / or plastics. At least one end of the connecting means is positively connected by gluing with the wooden components. It has surprisingly been found that the bonding of two ends of the connecting means with the wood components not only produces an increase in intrinsic stability, but also provides an increase in the composite stiffness. It may be expedient to form the fasteners inhomogeneous and anisotropic, so that from this different properties (of the connecting element) in the different materials (wood component, intermediate layer, concrete component) result. The shape of the fasteners is in addition to the straight shape in all other odd shapes, such as curved, wavy, kinked, angled and / or just conceivable and will depend only on the application requirements. The arrangements of the connecting elements in the composite system according to the invention can, for example, run side by side, one behind the other, diagonally, offset, offset, undulating and / or chaotic and are only dependent on the application requirements.

The connecting means are anchored in the wooden components by gluing at least one end in prepared slots or depressions and in the concrete component by mechanical gearing in the set cement glue. Another embodiment lies e.g. to glue therein the connecting means on the wooden components or partly in and partly on the wooden components, thereby producing a permanent and non-positive connection. The connecting means penetrate the intermediate layers as required, partially or without a frictional connection with the intermediate layers. Thus, the intermediate layers at least partially decouple the wooden components from the concrete components, thereby allowing a durable composite solution. The wood components have at least in some applications reinforcements, which bridge the structural and manufacturing weaknesses of the wood and / or wood-based materials and wood composites. It is also conceivable in some applications to increase the capacity of the timber components by reinforcement or reinforcements, thereby generating an increase in the total capacity.

At least in some applications, the concrete components have, on the one hand, deposits which bridge the structural weak points of the concrete and / or, on the other, deposits which change the structural-physical conditions of the wood-concrete composite system. The intermediate layers are at least partially given as geometrical, mechanical, structural-physical and / or structural separation or end coupling between the timber components and concrete components. The intermediate layers of the wood-concrete composite system can be formed as single-layer or multi-layer layers. The intermediate layers can be consumed and / or incorporated in liquid, solid and / or gaseous form, for example by laying, pouring, brushing and / or foaming. A single-layer intermediate layer consists for example of a plastic film, impregnated paper, bitumen, Kunststoffdämmschicht, mineral insulation layer, organic insulation, renewable insulation material and cast-on or painted materials that set or harden at a later date, such as tar, adhesives, plastic mixtures. Other forms of single-layer intermediate layers represent all mineral or mineral-bonded materials (eg mineral-bonded lightweight board, mineral-bound and insulated leveling screed) and metallic materials (eg trapezoidal sheets, sandwich components). The multilayer levels are a combination of the previously described single-layer intermediate layers in any Shape and / or arrangement. The choice of the single-layer or multi-layer intermediate layers is therefore only dependent on the requirements of the wood-concrete composite systems.

An advantage of the invention is the decoupling of the facing surfaces of the wooden components and the concrete components by the embedded intermediate layer or intermediate layers. Thus, building components in the concrete components can be kept away from the timber components. Wetting of the wooden components would permanently cause rot and thus destruction of the entire wood-concrete composite systems. This is especially given in bridge construction.

A further advantage is that the intermediate layers, at least in some applications, have cavities, such as e.g. Cables, pipes, hoses, ducts and conduits, e.g. Power, gas, water, air conditioning, electrical installation lines, which are used for coupling to central systems. Thus, corresponding supply lines can be embedded in the "stress-neutral" intermediate layers.

Another advantage lies in the thermal decoupling of the facing surfaces of the wooden components and the concrete components by the embedded intermediate layers. Experience has shown that in direct contact of wood and concrete with condensation water can be expected, which in the long run wood rot and thus cause the destruction of the wood-concrete composite system. This process can be prevented by the arrangement of intermediate layers such as mineral insulation in conjunction with overlying foil. Especially in the wall and roof areas such wood-concrete composite systems according to the invention provide an advantageous solution.

Another advantage lies in the physical decoupling of the facing surfaces of the timber components and the concrete components by the embedded intermediate layers. Experience has shown, for example, in conventional wood-concrete composite ceilings additional "floating screed" arranged for impact sound insulation on the composite ceiling. Through an intermediate layer in the form of impact sound insulation, it is possible to improve the sound insulation of the wood-concrete composite system according to the invention and thus to produce a surface decoupling between the concrete components and the timber components. Thus, this can be dispensed with in many applications on a "floating screed".

Another advantage lies in the increase of the "inner lever arm" of the wood-concrete composite system according to the invention by increasing the distance between the bending pressure and bending tension zone. Experience has shown that the stiffness of a composite system increases with increasing lever arm. A solution according to the invention in the form of a box cross-section in conjunction with an intermediate layer produces an incomparable rigidity of the wood-concrete composite system. Thus, wide-span supporting systems (for example roofs, ceilings, bridges) can be realized with the solution according to the invention.

Another advantage lies in the bonding of two or more ends of the connecting means with the wooden components. As a result, not only the inherent rigidity of the connecting means but also the composite stiffness between the timber components and concrete components is increased. Only then can be used according to the invention connecting means in an economical manner.

Another advantage of the invention lies in the quasi-continuous connection between the timber components and concrete components of the wood-concrete composite system. Thus, current limitations can be overcome on single-field systems (i.e., systems that protrude above a span). Now you can easily form changing bending stresses of wall, wall and / or ceiling systems over several spans or floor heights. Experience has shown that "continuous systems" are not only more economical but also more efficient than single-field systems.

Another advantage is the at least partial bridging of structural vulnerabilities, such as e.g. Branches, inclusions, growth defects of the wood, which lead in the application to a limitation of the entire wood-concrete composite system. Another advantage is the at least partial bridging of manufacturing vulnerability, such as Finger jointing, openings, holes, which lead in the application to a limitation of the entire wood-concrete composite system.

The wood-concrete composite system according to the invention consists of wooden components and at least one adjacent concrete components characterized in that at least partially and at least a single-layer intermediate layer is formed between the wood components and concrete components, which at least partially generates a separation or decoupling of the materials wood and concrete. The task of the intermediate layers is thus at least partially to produce a geometric, mechanical and / or structural-physical decoupling of the materials wood and concrete. However, this decoupling must not significantly reduce the composite effect between wood and concrete, otherwise an economical solution can not be achieved. For this purpose, it is necessary to arrange at least one connecting element by bonding at least one end to the wooden components and a mechanical toothing of the connecting element by the setting of the cement paste in the concrete components. Optionally, a composite of the connecting elements with the intermediate layer or the intermediate layers is given. In a further embodiment of the invention, it is also conceivable that the connecting means have no bond to the intermediate layers. It is also an embodiment of inventive composite system conceivable, wherein the connecting elements are adhesively bonded to the concrete components.

The connecting means can be ordered and / or chaotically arranged depending on the application. The term "chaotic" is here partly taken from mathematics and means not ordered or not bound to rules. By way of example, the following are named as an arrangement: one behind the other, side by side, offset, longitudinal, transverse, diagonal, wavy, curved and / or scattered.

The fasteners are used as flat bodies, meshes and / or nets in straight and / or odd shape of metals and / or plastics. The connecting elements may be formed at least partially straight, curved, wavy, curved, kinked, bent and / or twisted. The flat bodies can be at least partially perforated, punched, drilled, roughened, stretched, pulled and / or distorted.

An embodiment of the wood-concrete composite systems according to the invention has, for example, the plastic part to be anchored in the wood and the metal part to be anchored in the concrete. In this case, the connecting element would be referred to as hybrid material (metal and plastic). Furthermore, it is conceivable to form the geometric shape of the connecting element in the timber component, the intermediate layers and the concrete component differently, so that different material and composite properties are given. Thus, it should be noted that depending on the application an anisotropic and inhomogeneous design of the connecting elements is selected.

A further embodiment consists in the bonding of two or more ends of the connecting elements according to the invention in and / or on the wooden components. As a result, in addition to the inherent stability of the fasteners and the composite strength of wood-concrete composite systems can be increased.

A further embodiment of the invention consists in providing additional toothings, elevations and / or beads at least in partial regions of the connecting elements. Surprisingly, this has shown that thereby a positioning and / or fixing of the connecting elements in the corresponding openings of the wooden components to ensure ligation of the adhesive. Furthermore, the leakage of the adhesive is prevented until setting. Thus, the fasteners can be glued in the factory and transport even before the setting of the adhesive, temporarily store and / or assemble. This is also possible for wall or overhead applications.

The connecting means are fixed by gluing in corresponding openings in the wooden components and / or on the wooden components. It is thus an embodiment of the invention conceivable to be glued in the fasteners in the timber components and others are glued to the wood components. The bond is preferably produced by one- or two-component adhesives. Some adhesives (e.g., epoxy resins, poly-urethane adhesives) are affected by the glass transition effect under conditions of stress and climatic conditions. The glass transition effect describes a phenomenon in which the adhesive loses its strength at the same temperature and load. One embodiment of the application according to the invention is an energy supply of the adhesive joint of the connecting elements and / or the adjacent components during bonding or at a later time, thereby increasing the glass transition effect to a higher temperature level and thereby increase or secure the composite effect. The energy supply may be initiated locally and / or areal by way of example by a stationary or mobile heat source (for example infrared). It is also conceivable to ensure the supply of heat by cable guides, which are located in the timber components, the intermediate layers and / or the concrete components.

The wooden components of the wood-concrete composite system according to the invention are created by way of example from individual elements in the form of a beam, a screed, a board, a squared timber, a plate or a formwork and / or any combination of the aforementioned individual elements in the form of multi-part composite cross-sectional shapes. There are the wooden components made of grown solid wood, wood materials and / or wood composites. In order to clarify the variety of the resulting variants of the wood usage, a few are listed below: solid wood, softwood, hardwood, glued laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber, veneer lumber, chipboard, cement bonded particleboard, chipboard, multilayer boards, OSB boards, plastic composite wood boards, etc.

A further bandwidth of the embodiment consists in the reinforcements of the wooden components and / or the concrete components, e.g. By reinforcement of steel and / or plastic, tempering steels, etc. It is conceivable to create these reinforcements in or on the wooden components or concrete components. A further embodiment of the invention consists in the enhancement or enhancement of natural and / or manufacturing weak points of the timber components by further local measures, such. Preload, reinforcement, bridging and / or tension.

Another bandwidth of the embodiment consists in the production of cavities or cable guides in the timber components, the intermediate layers and / or concrete components. The cavities can be produced by way of example through pipes, balls, channels and / or hoses. The lines can be produced by way of example by cables, pipes, channels and / or hoses.

Another bandwidth of the embodiment of the invention consists in the pre-deformation (eg cant, bending, curvature and / or bias) at least of partial areas of the timber components, intermediate layers and / or concrete components before or after the composite, thereby the later occurring effects (and the resulting resulting stresses and deformations) of the assembly and the use at least partially counteract. Thus, by way of example, an application should be mentioned where a single-field carrier of a ceiling system has a central elevation (generated by central sputtering) before the fresh concrete is applied. The elevation will compensate for the setting of the concrete at a later date at least part of the elastic or plastic deflection of the single-field carrier. This method can also produce wide-stretched constructions.

The intermediate layers of the wood-concrete composite systems according to the invention can be single-layered, multi-layered, loose and / or composite. The intermediate layers are placed, rolled, poured, painted, sprayed and / or foamed applied in solid, liquid and / or gaseous form and / or subsequently introduced. A single-layer design includes i.a. Foil, impregnated paper, bitumen board, metal plates, plastic plates, plastic insulation, mineral insulation, renewable insulation materials, composite construction materials or hybrid materials (for example as individual elements, plate elements, bulk material or roll goods) or cast-on or coated materials which set or harden at a later time (For example, tar, oil, glue, plastic mixtures). Multi-ply designs include any combination of the aforementioned single ply designs loosely and / or as a composite.

The concrete components are u.a. of normal concrete, high-strength concrete, prestressed concrete, composite concrete, screed concrete, lightweight concrete, aerated concrete and / or asphaltic concrete and, moreover, may not contain mineral aggregates, such as e.g. Plastics, polystyrene, wood. The production of concrete components is possible in the factory or on the construction site. Furthermore, the concrete components can be partially manufactured in the factory and partly on site. It is also conceivable that sections of the concrete components are used as prefabricated elements in conjunction with locally concreted elements.

A preferred bandwidth of the embodiment consists in the reinforcements (eg reinforcement made of steel and / or plastic, prestressing steels) of the concrete components. Experience has shown that only high tensile forces, moments and / or shear forces in the concrete components can be initiated. A further embodiment is the generation of cavities (eg by pipes, balls, quaters, channels and / or hoses) which can be used for weight reduction, for the subsequent introduction of lines and / or for subsequent bias or bias with subsequent composite.

Another embodiment lies in the introduction of conduits (e.g., cables, pipes, channels, and / or hoses) in the concrete components, which may thus be used as power, heating, engineering and / or utility lines. Surprisingly, it has been found that thereby also a subsequent heating of the wood-concrete composite systems can be produced, thereby increasing the glass transition temperature of the adhesive used (for anchoring the fasteners in the timber components).

A further embodiment of the invention is to form a plurality of layers of wood components, intermediate layers and / or concrete components one above the other and / or side by side.

The wood-concrete composite systems according to the invention can be designed, for example, as columns, girders, beams, slabs, walls, ceilings, roofs, and / or bridge systems and, depending on the design, for example for absorbing tension, pressure -, Biegezug-, bending pressure, torsional, and / or shear stresses suitable.

FIG. 1

The Fig. 1 describes in perspective an embodiment of a portion of the wood-concrete composite system 100 according to the invention , which can be performed, for example, as a ceiling, wall and / or roof structure. The wood-concrete composite system 100 initially consists of wood components 110, in the form of beams 111 and a wood-based panel 112. The beams 111 are here positively connected to the wood-based panel 112 by gluing. The wood-based panel 112 is here exemplified in two places reinforced by internal reinforcements 120 in the form of synthetic fiber fabric.

The connecting elements 130 are formed as stamped and distorted flat body (also known as expanded metal) 131 made of metal, which have a kink 132 at half the height. The kink 132 is formed offset in the longitudinal direction and thus forms a fork 133 in the form of a Y (fork 133 appears when viewed in the longitudinal direction). Surprisingly, it has been found that the buckle 132, the height positioning of the connecting elements is given and a linear predetermined breaking point in the concrete component is avoided by the bifurcation 133 . Furthermore, it has surprisingly been found that in the bifurcation 133 a reinforcing steel (not shown here) can be inserted self-positioning, which increases the overall capacity of the wood-concrete composite system.

The intermediate layers 140 consist here by way of example of a dimensionally stable mineral wool 141 which are arranged between the beams 111 and a vapor-permeable film 142 which covers the height-equalized beams 111 and mineral wool 141 and at the same time is connected in a form-fitting manner to the connecting elements 130, for example by adhesive tapes, without a frictional connection To provide connection to the connecting elements 130 . The intermediate layers 140 as mineral wool 141 have cavities 144 and 145 in the transverse and longitudinal direction, which serve as supply channels of building services. Surprisingly, it has been found that the cavities 145 can also be carried out in the transverse direction through the wooden beam 111 , since the composite effect bridges the cross-sectional slot.

A further component of the intermediate layers is exemplified by Styroporquater 143 disposed einragend on the film 142 between the bar 111 into the concrete components 150th

The concrete components 150 are formed here by way of example by a constant plate 151 with rib-like extensions 152 in the region of the connecting elements 130 . The concrete components 150 have reinforcements 153 in the form of welded mesh mats 154 , which rest on the connecting elements 130 .
The concrete components 150 furthermore have cavities 155 and lines 156 , which serve, on the one hand, for the supply of heat and, on the other hand, for the subsequent reinforcement of the concrete components 150 . The cavities 155 are used to introduce appropriate prestressing steels in order to enable a positive subsequent reinforcement of the concrete components 150 . The leads 156 are used for indirect heating of the Verbindungselementverklebung, thereby increasing the material-related glass transition temperature of the adhesive and thereby increase the carrying capacity of the Verbindungselementverklebung under the influence of temperature.

The concrete components further include reinforcements 157 in the form of reinforcing steels, which are arranged between the connecting elements 130 by way of example. The reinforcing steels 157 serve in this exemplary application to additional absorption of transverse tensile stresses that may occur in the region of the connecting elements 130 . Furthermore, surprisingly, this results in an additional toothing between the connecting elements 130 and the concrete components 150. A further embodiment variant (not shown here) consists of passing the reinforcing bars 157 through the openings (eg expanded metal openings) of the connecting elements 130.

The wood-concrete composite systems 100 was here exemplarily made on site on the construction site as a ceiling system in which the individual wooden components 110 and intermediate layers 140 before concreting by an elevation (not shown, eg by support in the middle of the individual spans of the multi-field system increases ) have been pre-deformed to thereby a later To counteract stress on the wooden components during assembly and / or use of the system.

FIG. 2

The Fig. 2 describes in perspective an embodiment of a portion of the wood-concrete composite system 200 according to the invention , which can be performed, for example, as a bridge or ceiling structure. The wood-concrete composite system 200 initially consists of a wooden component 210, glued in the form of a glued laminated board 211 to the exemplary external reinforcements 212 in the form of carbon fiber reinforcements. The glulam panel 211 further shows, by way of example, cavities 213 and lines 214 which serve, on the one hand, for the power supply and, on the other hand, for the supply of heat. The cavities 213 are used to introduce appropriate electrical cables that can thus be invisibly guided by the wood-concrete composite systems. The lines 214 are used for indirect heating of the Verbindungselementverklebung, thereby increasing the material-related glass transition temperature of the adhesive and thereby increase the carrying capacity of the Verbindungselementverklebung under the influence of temperature.

The connecting elements 220 are here exemplified as corrugated dimensionally stable plastic mesh 221 and formed as a bent metal mesh 223 . The metal meshes 223 are used by way of example in a partial area of the wood-concrete composite system in that high local stresses prevail. The plastic grids 221 are anchored at about one-third of their height, with one end in the wooden member 210 by gluing. The plastic grids 221 have been made such that the grid openings 222 in the wood material 210 and in the intermediate layers 230 have smaller dimensions (close-meshed) than in the concrete component 240, thereby saving on adhesive in the anchoring in the wooden component (lower adhesive volume) and on the other to increase the intrinsic stability of the plastic grids 221 in the region of the intermediate layers 230 (no frictional lateral support). Surprisingly, the undulating shape provides, on the one hand additional inherent stability and on the other hand a further mechanical interlocking between the wooden components and concrete components to be joined. The plastic grids 221 have in the binding region of the wooden components 210 teeth (not shown here), which ensure a mechanical fixation of the connecting elements to the setting of the adhesive.

The metal grid 223 are glued here, for example, with two ends in corresponding openings (here slots or channels) of the wooden components and thereby provide in itself a geometrically rigid shape and at the same time a very rigid connection between the timber members 210 and the concrete components 240. The metal mesh 223 have in the kerf between connecting element and wood, for example, a bead (not shown here), which prevents the adhesive from exiting.

The intermediate layers 230 consist here by way of example of a multilayer bitumen coating with embedded plastic film 231 and a PU rigid foam layer 232, which was created by way of example from individually cut and laid in association panels.

The concrete components 240 are formed here by way of example by a constant plate 241 . The concrete components 240 have reinforcements 242 in the form of welded steel meshes 243 , which for example only rest on the connecting elements 220 . The concrete slab 241 further includes a localized reinforcement 244 in the form of a reinforcing steel 245 which has been laterally connected (for example, wire-knurled, not shown) prior to concreting and applying the welded steel mat 243 to the securing member 220 .

The concrete components 240 furthermore have cavities 246 and lines 247 , which serve, on the one hand, for subsequent reinforcement and, on the other hand, for the climatic supply of the concrete components 240 . The cavities 246 are used to introduce appropriate prestressing steels in order to enable a non-positive subsequent reinforcement of the concrete components 240 . The position of the cavities 246 is dependent on the execution requirements and can be exemplified by, between and / or through the connectors 220 and / or 223 .

The lines 247 serve as an example - via a coupling with a corresponding climate control center - for the climatic supply of the wood-concrete composite system and its surroundings. As a result, energy-saving solutions for buildings and industrial buildings are made possible by way of example.

The wood-concrete composite system 200 was here prefabricated as an example in the factory as a precast and delivered as individual components Segmented to the site and mounted. Such prefabrication allows rapid construction of the structure without introducing additional moisture (eg mixing water of the reinforced concrete) in the wood-concrete composite system or buildings.

The individual wood-concrete composite systems can be connected to the construction site immediately during assembly or some time later with each other and / or with other construction sections non-positively and / or positively. In this way, disc effects with segmented wood-concrete composite systems can be produced.

Claims (28)

1. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) consisting of wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211) and concrete components (150,151,152, 240, 241), which border the wooden components on at least one side, whereby between the wooden and concrete components there is at least one, or at least one partial, single-ply intermediate layer (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232), which creates at least partially a decoupling of the wooden and concrete materials, characterised by the fact that grids and/or meshes made of metals and/or plastics in the sense of connecting elements (130, 220, 223) are formed, whereby the wooden components are connected by at least one grid and/or mesh to the concrete components in the wood grain direction, whereby due to the grid and/or mesh there is no statically significant force-fit connection between the wooden parts and the intermediate layers, whereby the grid and/or mesh are anchored with adhesive by at least one end in the corresponding openings in the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211) and/or on the surface of the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211).
2. Wood-concrete composite systems in accordance with Claim 1, characterised by the fact that the geometric shape of the connecting element is formed differently in the wooden component, the intermediate layers and the concrete component, so that different material and composite properties are produced.
3. Wood-concrete composite systems in accordance with Claim 1 or 2, characterised by the fact that the wooden components are connected to the concrete components by at least one connecting element, whereby due to the connecting element there is no statically significant force-fit connection between the wooden parts and the intermediate layers.
4. Wood-concrete composite systems in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterised by the fact that at least one connecting element is formed as archshaped, in particular as curved with a curved body and curve ends, whereby the curve ends are fastened in and/or on the wooden components, and the curved body is held in and/or on the concrete.
5. Wood-concrete composite systems in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterised by the fact that at least the one connecting element must be arranged in such a way, that it is adhered by at least one end to the wooden components, and fastened to the concrete components by mechanical interlocking of the connecting element through the setting of the cement lime, and/or adhered to the concrete components by means of a force-fit connection.
6. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterised by the fact that the arrangement of the connecting elements is formed in such a way, that they are ordered and/or irregular, in particular arranged behind or beside each other and/or displaced, and/or arranged longitudinally and/or crosswise and/or diagonally.
7. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 6, characterised by the fact that the connecting elements (130, 220, 223) are formed in even or odd numbers in the shape of flat bodies, grids and/or meshes, and that they are anchored by adhesive in at least one end in the corresponding openings in the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211) and/or on the surface of the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211).
8. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 7, characterised by the fact that the design of the connecting elements (130, 220, 223) in the area of the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211), intermediate layers (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) and/or concrete components (150, 151, 152, 240, 241) can be formed evenly (i.e. isotropically or homogeneously) and/or unevenly (i.e. anisotropically or inhomogeneously)
9. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 7, characterised by the fact that the connecting elements (130, 220, 223) in the area of the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211), intermediate layers (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) and/or concrete components (150, 151, 152, 240, 241) can have additional interlocking, raised areas and/or beading.
10. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 9, characterised by the fact that, after adhesion in the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211) and/or at a later time, the connecting elements (130, 220, 223) and/or the bonds are treated with an input of energy and/or heat, in order to increase the glass transition temperature of the adhesive used to anchor the connecting elements (130, 220, 223) in the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211).
11. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 10, characterised by the fact that the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211) consist of at least one individual element in the form of a beam, plank, board, squared timber, plate or shuttering, and/or that they consist of any combination of the above-mentioned individual elements in the form of multi-part cross sections.
12. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 11, characterised by the fact that the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211) consist of mature solid wood, wooden materials and/or wooden composite materials.
13. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 12, characterised by the fact that reinforcements (120, e.g. reinforcement made of steel and/or plastic) and cavities (213, 214, e.g. by means of pipes, ducts and/or hoses) and/or lines (e.g. cables, pipes, ducts and/or hoses) are attached to the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211).
14. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 13, characterised by the fact that the natural and/or manufacturing weak points of the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211) are eliminated by means of other measures, such as for example strengthening, pre-stressing, reinforcement and/or upgrading.
15. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 14, characterised by the fact that, before the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211) are joined to the contiguous intermediate layers (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) and/or the concrete components (150, 151, 152, 240, 241), they have pre-formed features (e.g. protrusions, bends, curves and/or pre-stressing), which counteract at least partially the effects that arise later (and the resulting stresses and deformation).
16. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 15, characterised by the fact that the intermediate layers (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) can be formed as single-ply, multi-ply, loose and/or as a composite.
17. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 16, characterised by the fact that the intermediate layers (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) can be applied as laid on, rolled on, poured on, painted, sprayed and/or foamed in the form of a solid, liquid and/or gaseous substance, and/or that the layers can be introduced subsequently.
18. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 17, characterised by the fact that the intermediate layers (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) have cavities (144, 145, e.g. by means of pipes, ducts and/or hoses) and/or lines (e.g. cables, pipes, ducts and/or hoses), which are used to reduce the weight and subsequently introduce the lines and/or to subsequently heat or cool the connecting elements.
19. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 18, characterised by the fact that the concrete components (150, 151, 152, 240, 241) consist of normal concrete, high-strength concrete, pre-stressed concrete, composite concrete, screed concrete, lightweight concrete, porous concrete and/or asphalt concrete, and if required they can also have additives of a non-mineral form, such as for example plastic, polystyrene or wood.
20. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 19, characterised by the fact that the concrete components (150, 151, 152, 240, 241) are wholly manufactured on the building site itself, or are all delivered fully assembled to the building site, or are partly delivered as fully assembled parts and the remainder manufactured on site.
21. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 20, characterised by the fact that reinforcements (153, 154, 157, 243, 244, 245, e.g. reinforcement made of steel or plastic), and cavities (155, 246, e.g. by means of pipes, spheres, ducts and/or hoses) and/or lines (156, 247, e.g. cables, pipes, ducts and/or hoses) are embedded in the concrete components (150, 151, 152, 240, 241).
22. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 21, characterised by the fact that the cavities (155, 246) can be used for weight reduction, for subsequent introduction of lines and/or for pre-stressing or post-stressing with a subsequent composite.
23. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 22,characterised by the fact that the lines (156, 247) are used as power, heating and/or supply lines for the subsequent heating of the wood-concrete composite systems, in order to increase the glass transition temperature of the adhesive used for anchoring the connecting elements (130, 220, 223) in the wooden components.
24. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 23, characterised by the fact that the wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) are wholly manufactured on the building site itself, or are all delivered fully assembled to the building site, or are partly delivered as fully assembled parts and the remainder manufactured on site.
25. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 24, characterised by the fact that these wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) have pre-formed features (e.g. protrusions and/or pre-stressing), which counteract at least partially the effects that arise later (and the resulting stresses and deformation).
26. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 25, characterised by the fact that they can consist of several layers of wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211), intermediate layers (140, 141, 142, 143, 230, 231, 232) and/or concrete components (150, 151, 152, 240, 241).
27. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 26, characterised by the fact that they serve as support, carrier, beam, plate, wall, ceiling, roof and/or bridging systems.
28. Wood-concrete composite systems (100, 200) in accordance with one of the Claims 1 to 27, characterised by the fact that the wooden components (110, 111, 112, 210, 211) and the concrete components (150, 151, 152, 240, 241) can take up tensile or pressure loads and stresses created by flexing, torsion and/or pushing.

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