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EP1517113B1 - Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugssystem - Google Patents

Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugssystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1517113B1
EP1517113B1 EP04077375A EP04077375A EP1517113B1 EP 1517113 B1 EP1517113 B1 EP 1517113B1 EP 04077375 A EP04077375 A EP 04077375A EP 04077375 A EP04077375 A EP 04077375A EP 1517113 B1 EP1517113 B1 EP 1517113B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plates
pellets
armor
bodies
vehicle system
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP04077375A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1517113A1 (de
Inventor
Michael Cohen
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H7/00—Armoured or armed vehicles
    • F41H7/02—Land vehicles with enclosing armour, e.g. tanks
    • F41H7/04—Armour construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/023—Armour plate, or auxiliary armour plate mounted at a distance of the main armour plate, having cavities at its outer impact surface, or holes, for deflecting the projectile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0492—Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a modular armored vehicle system for use in producing armored combat vehicles. More specifically, the present invention relates to a modular armored vehicle system comprising an armored combat vehicle chassis in combination with a plurality of composite armor plates for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity armor-piercing projectiles.
  • the modern battlefield has become a place of ever increasing lethality demanding ever increasing protection.
  • increasing protection levels implies increasing the amount of armor on the vehicle which increases the vehicle weight.
  • the response time available to position a military force and its vehicles from a home base has decreased, and the ability to maintain a large standing military force in foreign lands has diminished.
  • the present protocol is to have vehicles which can be air lifted to a remote location and the vehicles deployed from that location. Air lifting heavy armored vehicles has become increasingly difficult and in the case of the heaviest vehicles is impossible.
  • One solution to the present problem is to have a vehicle with a relatively light weight, strong, powerful chassis which can be easily air lifted to the desired location and the needed armor protection attached to the chassis to provide the necessary threat protection.
  • the armor and the vehicle could be transported separately and assembled at a remote site before going into battle.
  • Armor applied to a vehicle chassis is described therein as being of two main types; applique armor and modular armor.
  • Applique armor is defined therein as being sheets of armor attached to the vehicle chassis to form an armor skin; while in a modular construction armor, housings containing a threat attenuating filler are attached to the vehicle chassis.
  • the present invention to a new concept of modular composite applique armor, i.e. modular elements of composite armor which form the armored skin of the vehicle as described herein.
  • Modular armor is designed to take the full force of enemy projectiles leaving the vehicle intact and allowing the crew and vehicle to continue functioning until the vehicle can be brought to a safe area for repair. It is one of the strengths of modular armor that it can be repaired, modified, changed or added to the vehicle as needed.
  • said patent relates to a modular armor mounting system, it is directed to a mounting structure for attaching standard steel plates to a combat vehicle chassis and thus while said patent relates to providing a lightweight chassis that can be air lifted to a desired location, it does not solve the problem of the weight inherent in steel plated armor sufficient for dealing with the kinetic energy of high velocity armor-piercing projectiles of various calibers.
  • a steel plate having a weight of 90 kg/m 2 is barely sufficient to stop a threat according to standard NIJ level 4, and it is known that it is necessary to provide a steel plate having a weight of more than 110 kg/m 2 to deal with a projectile of 12.7 mm and when one is dealing with a projectile of 14.5 mm the steel plate capable of stopping the same must weigh about 150 kg/m 2 .
  • a modular armored vehicle system comprising an armored combat vehicle chassis having a plurality of openings and a plurality of composite armor plates for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity, armor-piercing projectiles, each of said plates being adapted for attachment to said chassis and sized to cover at least one of said openings wherein each of said plates comprises a single layer of bodies which are directly bound and retained in plate form by a solidified material wherein a majority of each of said bodies is in direct contact with at least four adjacent bodies, wherein the solidified material and the plate are elastic, wherein said bodies have a specific gravity of at least 2.4 and are made of a ceramic material, wherein said plate constitutes an outer, impact receiving panel of a multilayered armor panel further comprising an inner layer adjacent to said outer plate, comprising a second ballistic panel, wherein said outer plate serves to deform and shatter an impacting high velocity armor-piercing projectile and said second ballistic panel is adapted to retain any remaining
  • steel and aluminum protection are effective against shrapnel and low energy projectiles. They originally were completely ineffective against threats such as 14.5 mm projectiles and projectiles of greater dimensions unless the material was thickened however this caused an overburdening on the vehicle either inhibiting or eliminating its ability to be used for amphibious and aviational uses. In addition such a vehicle required a larger, stronger engine. Furthermore, the added weight of the steel protection necessitates the reduction of comparable weight through reduction of combatants or combat material.
  • ceramic plates were not used as a stand alone armor for armored vehicles because of its susceptibility to fractures and cracks and it was required to pass rigorous, periodical testing. Assuming that a solution based on regular ceramic plates is found, generally this can be based on hot press silicon carbide or metal phase silicon carbide although other ceramic materials can be used and the thickness of the backing has to be at least equal to the thickness of the ceramic plate.
  • composite armor utilizing ceramic pellets in a solidified material wherein the solidified material and the plate material are elastic provides for the first time the ability to design a vehicle with ceramic protection due to the high elasticity, high fracture immunity and high durability vis-à-vis vandalism, bending and twisting achievable with the composite panels suggested herein.
  • steel is very ineffective against armor penetrating projectiles.
  • the steel plates In order to protect against such a threat the steel plates must be very thick and this results in an increase in weight as discussed above.
  • the plates used in the present invention characterized by high elasticity and high immunity to fracture and cracking creates a new solution enabling the design of a modular vehicle that is much lighter, easily transportable by air overseas, adaptable to amphibious uses and most importantly much lighter on the battle field without effecting battlefield performance.
  • the term "elasticity” as used herein relates to the fact that the plates according to the present invention are bent when a load is applied thereto however upon release of said load the plate returns to its original shape without damage.
  • said plate constitutes an outer impact receiving panel, a second ballistic panel as defined above as well as comprising a third backing layer for absorbing trauma.
  • said third layer is formed of a polymeric matrix composite with reinforcing fibers or from metals of high modulus of elongation and tearing strength such as aluminum and titanium.
  • said reinforcing fibers are selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, aramid fibers and glass fibers.
  • a modular armored vehicle system for combat vehicles comprising a plurality of interchangeable plates, a first plurality of said plates having pellets sized to absorb and dissipate kinetic energy from high velocity armor-piercing 12.7 mm - 14.5 mm projectiles, a second plurality of said plates having pellets sized to absorb and dissipate kinetic energy from high velocity armor-piercing 14.5 mm - 30 mm projectiles, and a third plurality of said plates having pellets sized to absorb and dissipate kinetic energy from high velocity armor-piercing projectiles of over 30 mm, said plates being interchangeably mountable on said combat vehicle chassis for covering the plurality of openings provided in said chassis for said purpose.
  • the pellets in said plates have a regular geometric cross-sectional area.
  • regular geometric refers to forms that are regular forms such as circles and ovals as well as forms that repeat themselves including star shapes, polygonal cross-sectional shapes and multiple repeating patterns of alternating straight and curved segments characterized in that a cut along said regular geometric cross-sectional area or perpendicular thereto results in two surfaces which are symmetrical.
  • the pellets in said plates have at least one convexly curved outwardly facing end face.
  • pellets having at least one circular cross section and pellets having substantially cylindrical prismatic bodies with convexly curved end faces are most preferred.
  • the preferred arrangement of the pellets is such that each of a majority of said pellets is in direct contact with at least six adjacent pellets in the same layer to provide mutual lateral confinement therebetween and said at least one axis is preferably substantially perpendicular to the outer, impact-receiving face of said plate.
  • the present invention is a modification of the inventions described in US Patents 5,763,813 ; 5,972,819 ; 6,289,781 ; 6,112,635 ; 6,203,908 ; 6,408,734 ; and 6,575,075 and in WO-A-9815796 and WO-99/60327 since while said earlier patents teach composite armor which can be utilized in the present invention none of them teach or suggest the concept of a modular armored vehicle system for use in producing armored combat vehicles wherein the armor panels serve as stand-alone rather than add on protection for an armored vehicle and are adapted for attachment to an armored combat vehicle chassis to cover openings provided therein.
  • a composite armor material for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity, armor-piercing projectiles comprising a panel consisting essentially of a single internal layer of high density ceramic pellets said pellets having an Al 2 O 3 content of at least 93% and a specific gravity of at least 2.5 and retained in panel form by a solidified material which is elastic at a temperature below 250°C; the majority of said pellets each having a part of a major axis of a length of in the range of about 3-12mm, and being bound by said solidified material in plurality of superposed rows, wherein a majority of each of said pellets is in contact with at least 4 adjacent pellets, the weight of said panel does not exceed 45kg/m 2 .
  • a composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity, armor-piercing projectiles, said plate consisting essentially of a single internal layer of high density ceramic pellets which are directly bound and retained in plate form by a solidified material such that the pellets are bound in a plurality of adjacent rows, wherein the pellets have an Al 2 O 3 content of at least 93% and a specific gravity of at least 2.5, the majority of the pellets each have at least one axis of at least 12 mm length said one axis of substantially all of said pellets being in substantial parallel orientation with each other and substantially perpendicular to an adjacent surface of said plate and wherein a majority of each of said pellets is in direct contact with 6 adjacent pellets, and said solidified material and said plate are elastic.
  • a ceramic body for deployment in a composite armor panel said body being substantially cylindrical in shape, with at least one convexly curved end face, wherein the ratio D/R between the diameter D of said cylindrical body and the radius R of curvature of said at least one convexly curved end face is at least 0.64:1.
  • the improved properties of the plates described in the earlier patent applications of this series is as much a function of the configuration of the pellets, which are of regular geometric form with at least one convexly curved end face (for example, the pellets may be spherical or ovoidal, or of regular geometric cross-section, such as hexagonal, with at least one convexly curved end face), said panels and their arrangement as a single internal layer of pellets bound by an elastic solidified material, wherein each of a majority of said pellets is in direct contact with at least four adjacent pellets and said curved end face of each pellet is oriented to substantially face in the direction of an outer impact-receiving major surface of the plate.
  • composite armor plates superior to those available in the prior art can be manufactured using pellets made of sintered refractory materials or ceramic materials having a specific gravity below that of aluminum oxide, e.g., boron carbide with a specific gravity of 2.45, silicon carbide with a specific gravity of 3.2 and silicon aluminum oxynitride with a specific gravity of about 3.2.
  • sintered oxides, nitrides, carbides and borides of magnesium, zirconium, tungsten, molybdium, titanium and silica can be used and especially preferred for use in said publication and in the present invention are pellets selected from the group consisting of boron carbide, titanium diboride, silicon carbide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, magnesium oxide, silicon aluminum oxynitride in both its alpha and beta forms and mixtures thereof.
  • a composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity projectiles, said plate comprising a single internal layer of pellets which are directly bound and retained in plate form by a solidified material such that the pellets are bound in a plurality of adjacent rows, characterized in that the pellets have a specific gravity of at least 2 and are made of a material selected from the group consisting of glass, sintered refractory.
  • the majority of the pellets each have at least one axis of at least 3 mm length and are bound by said solidified material in said single internal layer of adjacent rows such that each of a majority of said pellets is in direct contact with at least six adjacent pellets in the same layer to provide mutual lateral confinement therebetween, said pellets each have a substantially regular geometric form and said solidified material and said plate are elastic.
  • a composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high velocity, armor-piercing projectiles, as well as from soft-nosed projectiles, said plate comprising a single internal layer of high density ceramic pellets, characterized in that said pellets are arranged in a single layer of adjacent rows and columns, wherein a majority of each of said pellets is in direct contact with at least four adjacent pellets and each of said pellets are substantially cylindrical in shape with at least one convexly curved end face, further characterized in that spaces formed between said adjacent cylindrical pellets are filled with a material for preventing the flow of soft metal from impacting projectiles through said spaces, said material being in the form of a triangular insert having concave sides complimentary to the convex curvature of the sides of three adjacent cylindrical pellets, or being integrally formed as part of a special interstices-filling pellet, said pellet being in the form of a six sided star with concave sides complimentary to the convex
  • Said solidified material can be any suitable material, such as aluminum, epoxy, a thermoplastic polymer, or a thermoset plastic.
  • an x-ray of the plate shows the formation of a honeycomb structure around the pellets.
  • the panels of the present invention or at least the outer surface thereof can be furthered covered by a thin layer of kevlar, fiberglass, or even aluminum for protection and for concealing the structure thereof.
  • FIG. 1 there is seen an armored vehicle 2 wherein a panel 4 of the present invention having a plurality of pellets 6 of substantially cylindrical prismatic bodies 8 with convexly curved end faces 10 as more fully seen with reference to FIG. 2 has been provided in an opening (not shown) of said vehicle 2.
  • FIG. 2 there is seen an enlarged segment of one of the panels 4 utilized to cover openings in the vehicle 2 of FIG. 1 wherein said panel comprises a single layer of pellets 6 that are directly bound and retained in plate form by a solidified material 7 wherein a majority of each of said pellets 6 is in direct contact with six adjacent pellets 6' and each of said pellets are substantially cylindrical prismatic bodies 8 with convexly curved end faces 10 said panel further comprises an inner layer 11 adjacent to said outer facing plate 5 comprising a second ballistic panel wherein said outer plate 5 serves to deform and shatter an impacting high velocity armor-piercing projectile 12 and said second ballistic panel 11 is adapted to retain any remaining fragments from said projectile and from said bodies and to absorb remaining energy from said fragments.
  • said panel comprises a single layer of pellets 6 that are directly bound and retained in plate form by a solidified material 7 wherein a majority of each of said pellets 6 is in direct contact with six adjacent pellets 6' and each of said pellets are substantially cylindrical prismatic bodies 8 with con
  • said panel 4 is further provided with a third backing layer 13 for absorbing trauma and protecting combatants seated in the vehicle from trauma transmitted through the first two layers of the panel.
  • Panel 4 is further provided with attachment means 14 for securing said panel to an opening in said vehicle chassis.
  • the panel 4 of the present invention acts to stop an incoming projectile in one of the three modes of center contact, flank contact and valley contact as described hereinafter.
  • novel armor of the present invention traps incoming projectiles between several pellets which are held in a single layer in mutual abutting and laterally-confining relationship.
  • An incoming projectile may contact the pellet array in one of three ways:
  • Tables 1 and 2 are reproductions of test reports relating to multi-layer panels according to the present invention incorporating pellets having substantially cylindrical prismatic bodies with convexly curved end faces wherein said pellets have a diameter of 19 mm and a height of 22 mm and said panel is prepared as described in US Patent 6,112,635 .
  • the first panel which had a size of 62 x 62 cm (24.5 x 24.5 in.) and a dynema backing had a weight of only 35,5 kg (78.3 lbs.) which weight does not include 600 g (1.3 lbs.) for said soft woven aramid cover and withstood a 20 mm frag. sim projectile and seven out of eight 14.5 mm B-32 projectiles fired at a range of only 12 m (40 feet), wherein only the last projectile in which the strike velocity was intentionally raised to a strike velocity of 1,012 m/s (3,321 ft/s) succeeded in penetrating the panel.
  • the army sets a standard of requirements for an armor for stopping a designated projectile at a designated assumed strike velocity.
  • the armor withstood projectiles fired at the designated standard strike velocity and only projectiles which were fired at a deliberately elevated strike velocity in order to determine the upper limit of impact resistance penetrated the test panels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugsystem (2), das ein Chassis eines gepanzerten Gefechtsfahrzeuges mit einer Vielzahl von Öffnungen und eine Vielzahl von Verbund-Panzerplatten (4) zum Absorbieren und Ableiten von kinetischer Energie von Hochgeschwindigkeitsgeschossen (12) umfasst, wobei jede der Platten zur Anbringung an dem Chassis eingerichtet und so bemessen ist, dass sie wenigstens eine der Öffnungen abdeckt, jede der Platten eine einzelne Schicht aus Körpern (6) umfasst, die durch ein verfestigtes Material (7) direkt verbunden sind und in Plattenform gehalten werden, wobei eine Mehrzahl aller Körper in direktem Kontakt mit wenigstens vier benachbarten Körpern ist, das verfestigte Material (7) und die Platte (4) elastisch sind, die Körper ein spezifisches Gewicht von wenigstens 2,4 haben und aus einem Keramikmaterial bestehen, die Platte eine äußere Aufschlagaufnahmeplatte einer mehrschichtigen Panzerplatte bildet, und es des Weiteren eine innere Schicht (11) an die äußere Platte angrenzend umfasst, eine zweite ballistische Platte umfasst, wobei die äußere Platte dazu dient, ein aufschlagendes panzerbrechendes Hochgeschwindigkeitsgeschoß zu verformen und zu zertrümmern, und die zweite ballistische Platte so eingerichtet ist, dass sie jegliche verbleibenden Fragmente von dem Geschoß und von den Körpern zurückhält und verbleibende Energie von den Fragmenten absorbiert, und wobei die Körper in den Platten die Form von Pellets (6) haben, die jeweils wenigstens eine Achse von wenigstens 9 mm Länge haben, und jedes einer Mehrzahl der Pellets in direktem Kontakt mit wenigstens vier benachbarten Pellets in der gleichen Schicht ist, so dass sie einander seitlich einschließen, und dass die wenigstens eine Achse im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der äußeren Aufschlagaufnahmefläche der Platte ist.
  2. Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugsystem nach Anspruch 1, das eine Vielzahl auswechselbarer Platten umfasst, wobei eine erste Vielzahl der Platten Pellets (6) aufweist, die so bemessen sind, dass sie kinetische Energie von panzerbrechenden Hochgeschwindigkeitsgeschossen mit Kalibern von 12,7 mm bis 14,5 mm absorbieren und ableiten, eine zweite Vielzahl der Platten Pellets (6) aufweist, die so bemessen sind, dass sie kinetische Energie von panzerbrechenden Hochgeschwindigkeitsgeschossen mit Kalibern von 15,4 mm bis 30 mm absorbieren und ableiten, und eine dritte Vielzahl der Platten Pellets (6) aufweist, die so bemessen sind, dass sie kinetische panzerbrechenden Hochgeschwindigkeitsgeschossen mit Kalibern über 30 mm absorbieren und ableiten.
  3. Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugsystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Körper in den Platten eine gleichmäßige geometrische Querschnittsfläche haben.
  4. Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugsystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Körper in den Platten wenigstens eine konvex gekrümmte, nach außen gewandte Endfläche haben.
  5. Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugsystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Körper (6) in den Platten wenigstens einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt haben.
  6. Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugsystem nach Anspruch 1, das eine dritte Trägerschicht (13) zum Absorbieren von Trauma umfasst.
  7. Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugsystem nach Anspruch 6, wobei die dritte Schicht (13) aus einem Polymermatrix-Verbundstoff mit verstärkenden Fasern besteht.
  8. Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugsystem nach Anspruch 7, wobei die verstärkenden Fasern aus der Gruppe ausgewählt werden, die aus Kohlenstofffasern, Aramidfasern und Glasfasern besteht.
  9. Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugsystem nach Anspruch 6, wobei die dritte Trägerschicht (13) aus Metallmaterial besteht.
EP04077375A 2003-09-22 2004-08-23 Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugssystem Revoked EP1517113B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL158045A IL158045A (en) 2003-09-22 2003-09-22 Modular armored vehicle system including a combat vehicle chassis with openings and armored plates for covering the same
IL15804503 2003-09-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1517113A1 EP1517113A1 (de) 2005-03-23
EP1517113B1 true EP1517113B1 (de) 2009-10-07

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EP04077375A Revoked EP1517113B1 (de) 2003-09-22 2004-08-23 Modulares gepanzertes Fahrzeugssystem

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US20050087064A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1517113B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE445138T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2478562A1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004023465D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2334666T3 (de)
IL (1) IL158045A (de)

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DE102021115293A1 (de) 2021-06-14 2022-12-15 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Schutzplatte für einen gepanzerten Personenkraftwagen

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CA2478562A1 (en) 2005-03-22
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EP1517113A1 (de) 2005-03-23
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US20050087064A1 (en) 2005-04-28
US20070017360A1 (en) 2007-01-25

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