EP1516996B1 - Explosion resisting window - Google Patents

Abstract

A building has a window with a frame and glazing designed to minimise the effect of explosion. The window has armoured glazing and is hinged in a tilt frame facilitating ventilation and movement to a first tilt position. The window has a further tilt-limiter that limits the angular movement of the frame in the event of an explosion to a second position.

Description

The invention relates to an explosion-resistant window with a frame and a sash, which receives a filling and is hinged to the frame about at least one axis hinged, wherein the sash rests in a closed position in the frame, wherein the filling is made of bulletproof glass and that the window at least one Kippbegrenzungselement, by means of which an induced by an explosive action tilting of the sash in the hinges beyond a Kippgrenzstellung addition is inhibited and at least one displacement limiting element by means of which induced by the explosive action displacement of the sash perpendicular to a tilt axis in the hinges is inhibited having.

The term "tiltable" or "tilting" in the sense of the present application is intended to mean a rotation or pivoting of the casement about an arbitrary axis. In addition to the classic "tilting" about a horizontal axis of rotation at the bottom of the sash is z. B. also includes a "flap" about a horizontal axis of rotation at the top of the casement or a "rotation" about a vertical axis of rotation of the meaning of the term "tilting" in this application. In particular, combined turn-tilt windows should also fall within the scope of the present application.

A window similar to the type described above is known for example from DE 34 20 883 C2 and DE 34 32 021 C2. The two previously known window constructions are designed as a so-called double window. It is located in front of the actual window, which has a frame and a rotatably mounted therein sash, another fixed glazing. Between the fixed glazing and the soffit there are connecting cross-sections to the space between the two glazings and the sash, so that in the case where the sash of the inner glazing is opened, some air circulation can take place through the double glazing.

The task of the double glazing is to mitigate the effect of a detonation on the outside of the building in such a way as to maximize the presence of people in the building not to be harmed. Through the openings between the edge of the outer glazing and the window reveal a pressure compensation takes place in an explosives stop, so that the resulting pressure in the explosion while the outer glazing can destroy, but this is the pressure peak is reduced, so that the maximum pressure on the Internal glazing can not affect, especially as a compression of the air within the space between the two glazings because of the openings can not be made to a dangerous extent. Therefore, it is possible to provide the inner glazing with a pivotable or rotatable sash within the frame, so that the provided for pressure relief openings between the outer glazing and the window reveal can be used for room ventilation.

A disadvantage of the previously known window construction, it is to be considered that on the one hand due to the two glazings, the production costs are relatively high. On the other hand, a considerable risk for the persons in the building from the outer glazing, which is usually destroyed in the event of a detonation, then arises when the sash of the inner glazing is in its open position. In this case, namely broken glass can enter through the open casement into the interior of the room, creating a significant risk of injury. In addition, there is the danger that when the casement is wide open the pressure increase inside the building after a bursting of the outer glazing is still so great that persons suffer damage as a result. A sufficiently high level of security of persons in the room is therefore basically only given if the sash of the inner glazing is in its closed position.

US Pat. No. 6,319,571 B1 describes a device which makes it possible to catch windows which are pressed laterally out of a frame due to compressive forces by means of retaining devices, for example in the form of eight metal cables fixed equidistantly in the edge region of the frame and the window , Also shown is a tilted position of a window attached to retaining means on the frame. Particular means for preventing the retainer from tearing out of the frame or window are not shown or described in US Pat. No. 6,319,571 B 1.

Object of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a blast resistant retentive trained window in which no external attachment glazing is required and still - while ensuring a sufficient safety in explosive attacks - in the open position of the casement can fulfill a demand as permanent ventilation function.

solution

Based on the known blast resistant windows is proposed according to the invention that a reinforced and thus formed as Kippbegrenzungselement safety scissors is mounted on the one hand in the frame and on the other hand in the sash, the safety scissors engages with a pin in a hollow profile, with a in the sash fitted steel filling is welded. It is also proposed that on the tilting axis facing side of the sash a nose is formed, which engages in the Kippgrenzstellung of the sash frame connected to the frame matrix and / or an inwardly facing projection of the frame itself so that movement of the sash in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of the filling and perpendicular to the tilting axis is inhibited.

The invention is based on the finding that contrary to the previous doctrine and contrary to the actual practice based on decades of practice on this, a tilted versus a rigidly closed window by no means fundamentally includes an incalculable security risk in view of an explosive effect. Namely, the known standard windows have essentially two weak points with respect to blast resistance: first, a (non-armored) filling of the large-area pressure load is not up and endangered by fragmentation and in particular their distribution in space by the pressure wave the persons located in this.

On the other hand, the sash frame can be torn out of the frame as a whole, since the fasteners on a standard window - hinges and these opposite arranged safety scissors - are not designed for a much beyond the weight of the sash with filling and a normal wind load going out load. Break the fasteners under the explosive effect simultaneously, then the sash is driven substantially unchanged in the horizontal direction in the adjacent room. Tear the sash significantly earlier or later from the hinges as from the safety scissors, the sash is also placed in a rotational movement.

By limiting the one hand, tilting and on the other hand, the displacement of the sash frame from the frame and the use of an armored filling the window according to the invention inhibits the one hand, an explosive effect in the same way as the known double windows, on the other hand, the risks associated with an internal standard windows are effectively avoided.

The particular advantage of the window according to the invention is that this can be brought into a tilted position despite its safety against an explosive effect for ventilation, whereas in known windows each opening position of the window was an incalculable risk. The tipping limiting element according to the invention is not intended to be understood as a standard opening limiting rail which would be used in conventional non-safety windows and would not withstand the forces occurring during explosive explosions. Likewise, the displacement limiting element is not to be understood as a standard pin-shaped locking element, as it is coupled to the fitting push rod in conventional non-safety windows and engages in locking frame-fixed locking pockets.

A window according to the invention has reinforced safety scissors formed thereby as a tilt-limiting element, which are mounted on the one hand in the frame and on the other hand in the sash frame.

It is also advantageous to use at least one two-part displacement limiting element, which is arranged in the tilting axis, and which has a matrix connected to the frame and a patrix connected to the casement, wherein the die and the male part have hook-shaped locking elements, wherein in the tilting limit position and in each position between this and the closed position, the displacement is inhibited by the fact that the locking elements formed on the die and male engage in each other. The use of such displacement limiting elements and their design is generally known in burglar-resistant windows. In contrast, to achieve a blast resistance, they can turn - as described above for the hinges - be reinforced.

Such a displacement limiting element in turn initially allows the use of casement and frame of a standard window, when the die and male are dimensioned so that they can be arranged in an existing gap between casement and frame. By combining with the above-described displacement limiting elements, the effect of the individual elements can be increased depending on the application and the explosive effect to be ensured.

Preferably, the male of such a displacement element is connected to a mounted on the sash of a window according to the invention push rod and with this along the tilt axis so far displaced that the locking elements no longer engage in each other. The use of push rods is basically known from standard windows, which in addition to the tilt function also allow pivoting of the sash around an axis perpendicular to the tilt axis. Thus, an inventive window can be formed as a combined turn-tilt window.

In a window according to the invention, at least one tilt-limiting element is preferably arranged on the side of the casement which is opposite the hinges and against which the casement strikes in the tilting limit position. Such an additional displacement limiting element initially requires no change to the hinges, and thus offers itself in particular for use with standard frames. Such Kippbegrenzungselement can be particularly advantageously combined with a circular segment-shaped stop formed displacement limiting element in such a way that the end of a circular segment-shaped stop rail forms the Kippbegrenzungselement at its end.

The window according to the invention pursues the philosophy that an explosion-resistant window can also be located in a slightly open position of the sash without glazing in the event of detonation, as long as the thus released opening cross-sections are small enough and despite the pressure wave occurring an uncontrolled further opening of the sash over the Kippgrenzstellung addition is prevented. Under Kippgrenzstellung should be defined by the holding device position in the context of this application, in which the sash is deflected as far as possible from its closed position. Depending on the size of the space defined by the window, the opening cross-section, which is released in the tilting limit position, is preferably not more than 0.2 m ² to 0.4 m ² . In rooms with a very large volume also correspondingly larger opening cross-sections can be realized, since a large volume of space causes a larger buffer effect and therefore mitigates the pressure increase in the room. In such cross-sectional areas of the pressure is degraded even with a detonation of large amounts of explosive and at a small distance between the detonation site and the window according to the invention by the comparatively small cross-sectional area before entering the room, that usually no harmful effects located in the room People enter more. In the window according to the invention, it is thus not necessary to achieve sufficient safety to keep the sash in the closed position, but the window can - if desired - be kept permanently in the Kippgrenzstellung, creating a very thorough ventilation is possible.

In an externally acting on the open sash pressure load it is pressed with great force inwardly against the holding device, which is prevented by the inventive design of the holding device both further pivoting of the sash and a movement of the same in the radial direction away from the hinges , The positive locking elements in the area of the Rotary joints of the sash connecting frame leg cause tearing of the sash from the frame in this area and thus a rotational movement about the stop surface of the holding device is prevented. The sash is thus securely fixed in the Kippgrenzstellung despite the detonation-related pressure effect, so that takes place by the comparatively small size of the opening cross-section controlled and mitigated pressure increase in the space behind the window. Due to the unnecessary front glazing, the cost of the window according to the invention is comparatively low and the appearance on the outside of the building is not affected and does not differ from conventional windows.

embodiment

Fig. 1

eine Außenansicht und

Fig. 2

eine Innenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Fensters,

Fig. 3

einen vertikalen Schnitt im geschlossenen und

Fig. 4

einen vertikalen Schnitt im gekippten Zustand sowie

Fig. 5

ein Detail eines weiteren Fensters im geschlossenen und

Fig. 6

im gekippten Zustand jeweils im vertikalen Schnitt.

The invention is explained below by way of example with reference to drawing figures. These show each in the installed state in

Fig. 1

an exterior view and

Fig. 2

an interior view of a window according to the invention,

Fig. 3

a vertical cut in the closed and

Fig. 4

a vertical cut in the tilted state as well

Fig. 5

a detail of another window in the closed and

Fig. 6

in the tilted state, each in vertical section.

A window 38 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has a safety shear 40 made of stainless steel on the upper side 41 of the sash frame 42, which assumes the function of the tilt-limiting element 39. The principle known safety scissors 40 is reinforced compared to the turn-tilt fitting of a standard window. In addition to the at least one aforementioned safety shear 40, the window 38 may also have a standard Kippbegrenzungsschere, as they are available with standard fittings, but does not assume a security function, but only due to the use of standard fittings is available.

The safety shears 40 has a mushroom-shaped pin 43 which engages in a U-shaped hollow profile 44 arranged parallel to the tilting axis, which in turn is not shown. The hollow profile 44 is welded to a fitted in the casement 42 steel filling 45 and bolted to a push rod. Together with this, the hollow profile 44 is displaceable in the sash 42 parallel to the tilting axis. Thus, as is known from standard windows, the pivotal movement of the casement 42 about the vertical axis of rotation is not restricted.

The sash 42 engages with a formed on its underside 46 nose 47 in the installed state under the displacement limiting element 48 and strikes in the Kippgrenzstellung 49 on the frame 50 at. A displacement of the sash frame 42 upwards is effectively avoided. Between the nose 47 and the frame 50, a sealing element 51 is arranged, by means of which a flow of air through the (naturally play-related) fit between the die 52 and male 53 is prevented. The window 38 has a relation to the standard window significantly enlarged stop depth 54, so that the lock can be transferred from the closed position to the tilted position, so that sufficient depth for the formation of the encompassing nose 47 and thus on the steel filling 45 a great stability and a high security against tearing out of the shear bearing is.

In contrast to the aforementioned window 38 according to FIGS. 1 to 4, the further window according to the invention shown in detail in FIGS. 5 and 6 has an alternatively designed displacement limiting element 55, the die 57 of which is connected to the frame 56 on the interior of the room when installed facing side 58 has an upwardly projecting nose 59. The sash frame 60 can not be pushed into the room in the installed state, and in particular also in the tilted position shown in FIG. It can clearly be seen in FIGS. 5 and 6 that the push rod 61, which is axially movable in the sash frame 60 and to which the male part 62 is connected, whereas the female part 57 is firmly connected to the frame 56.

Even in the Kippgrenzstellung prevent the matrices 57 / male 62 due to the lugs 59 on the matrices and the nose 47 on the sash 60 certainly both a displacement of the Sash frame 60 perpendicular to the plane of the filling in the space as well as parallel to the filling 6 perpendicular to the tilt axis.

In addition to the female-male pairings 57/62, which are operative in the tilted position of the sash 60, there may be further such pairings which are operative in the closed position of the sash 60 and in this position as the sliding limit member. But it can also be the same pairings in the tilted and closed position of the sash 60 effective.

Claims (5)

1. An explosion-resistant window (38), comprising a window frame (50, 56) and a casement (42, 60) which receives a filling and is held in a tiltable way on hinges about at least one axis on the window frame (50, 56), with the casement (42, 60) resting in the window frame (50, 56) in a closed position, with the filling consisting of bullet-proof glass and with the window (38) comprising at least one tilt limiting element (39), by means of which a tilting of the window frame (42, 60) in the hinges as induced by a blast effect beyond a tilt limiting position (49) can be blocked, and at least one displacement limiting element (48, 55), by means of which a displacement of the window frame (42, 60) perpendicular to a tilting axis as induced by the blast effect can be blocked in the hinges, characterized by reinforced safety shears (40) which are thus configured as a tilt limiting element (39) and which are held on the one hand in the window frame (50) and on the other hand in the casement (42), with the safety shears (40) engaging with a pin (43) in a hollow profile (44) which is welded together with a steel filling (45) incorporated in the casement (42), and characterized in that a nose (47) is formed on the side (46) of the window frame (42) facing the tilting axis, which nose, in the tilt limiting position of the window frame (42) grasps behind a female part (52, 57) joined to the window frame (50) and/or an inwardly facing projection of the window frame (50) itself, so that a movement of the casement (42) is blocked in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of the filling and perpendicular to the tilting axis.
2. A window (20, 38) according to claim 1, characterized by at least one two-part displacement limiting element (48, 55) which is arranged in the tilting axle and comprises a female part (52, 57) joined to the window frame (50, 56) and a male part (53, 62) joined to casement (42, 60), with the female part (52, 57) and the male part (53, 62) comprising hook-like locking elements, with the displacement being blocked in the tilt limiting position (49) and in each position between the same and the closing position in such a way that the locking elements formed on the female part (52, 57) and male part (53, 62) engage into each other.
3. A window (38) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the male part (53, 62) is connected with a push rod (61) attached to the casement (42, 60) and is displaceable with the same along the tilting axle to such an extent that the locking elements do not engage into each other at least in a turning position of the armature.
4. A window according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a tilt limiting element each is arranged at the two ends of the side of the casement opposite of the hinges.
5. A window (38) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a female part (52, 57) joined to the window frame (50, 56) is provided with a nose-like locking element (59) at its end facing the interior of the room, which element extend at first perpendicular to the plane of the filling and then parallel thereto and projects beyond a locking element (V) of the male part (53, 62) of the casement (42, 60).

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