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EP1502891B1 - Drive for escalator step or pallet - Google Patents

Drive for escalator step or pallet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1502891B1
EP1502891B1 EP04016532A EP04016532A EP1502891B1 EP 1502891 B1 EP1502891 B1 EP 1502891B1 EP 04016532 A EP04016532 A EP 04016532A EP 04016532 A EP04016532 A EP 04016532A EP 1502891 B1 EP1502891 B1 EP 1502891B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
escalator
motor
travel track
brake
drive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04016532A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1502891A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Matheisl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inventio AG
Original Assignee
Inventio AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Priority to EP04016532A priority Critical patent/EP1502891B1/en
Publication of EP1502891A1 publication Critical patent/EP1502891A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1502891B1 publication Critical patent/EP1502891B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66BELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B23/00Component parts of escalators or moving walkways
    • B66B23/02Driving gear
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66BELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B23/00Component parts of escalators or moving walkways
    • B66B23/08Carrying surfaces
    • B66B23/12Steps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an escalator or a moving walkway consisting of a supporting structure, a stepped belt with motorized steps and free-running stages or pallet conveyor with motorized pallets and free-moving pallets for the transport of people and / or objects and a balustrade held by means of a balustrade balustrade with handrail.
  • the drive comprises an electric motor integrated in the step body, which drives on each side a leading and a trailing axle, with a gear arranged at one end on the axle engaging in a stationary rack.
  • the power supply for the electric motor by means of busbars and sliding contacts.
  • a disadvantage of this drive device is that the two gears provided for each stage cause excessive noise when combing with the racks.
  • the step must be precisely guided so that the gears mesh cleanly with the racks.
  • the drive mechanism with pulleys, belts or chains, axles, gears and racks is mechanically complex, costly and maintenance-intensive. Synchronism problems arise because of the driven step rollers and the driven chain rollers.
  • a chainless passenger conveyor has become known, which has directly driven tread body, which run in one direction behind the other and run back faster.
  • tread body runs on rollers, two of which are driven by an electric motor.
  • Each kick body has a power supply facility.
  • each tread body has four sensors for determining the distance to the next tread body.
  • An electronic control system controls the electric motors in response to the signal from the sensors, so that the tread body in the area for passenger transport run directly behind each other.
  • a tilting station for tilting the tread body is provided in each case.
  • the treads are driven directly by means of a friction wheel drive or by means of additional toothed wheels.
  • the invention aims to remedy this situation.
  • the invention as characterized in claim 1, solves the problem of avoiding the disadvantages of the known device and to provide a drive device which drives in a simple manner a step or a pallet of a step belt or a pallet strip.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that the power transmission necessary for the propulsion of the stage or the pallet takes place at one point, which ensures that the step or the pallet can not tilt from the drive.
  • only a few additional escalator or moving walk parts are necessary for the motorization of the stages or pallets.
  • the centrally arranged roadway for locomotion of the motorized stage also serves as a brake rail for the ever motorized stage provided brake.
  • Fig. 1 shows an escalator 1 connecting a first floor E1 to a second floor E2 or a moving walkway with a step belt 4 consisting of motorized steps 3 and free-running steps 3.1 or with a moving walkway consisting of pallets.
  • a motorized stage 3 is provided.
  • a handrail 5 is arranged on a balustrade 6, which is held at the lower end by means of a balustrade pedestal 7.
  • the balustrade pedestal 7 is supported by a support structure 8 of the escalator 1 and the moving walkway.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show a three-dimensional section of the step belt 4 with a motorized stage 3 and free-running stages 3.1.
  • Guide rails 9 are supported by a carrier 10 of the support structure 8.
  • the guide rail 9 has a running surface 9.1 for guiding chain rollers 11.1 of a step chain 11 and a running surface 9.2 for guiding step rollers 12 of the steps 3, 3, 1.
  • Each stage 3.3.1 has a step frame 13, which is connected by means of stepped bolt 14 with the step chain 11. On the step frame 13, the step rollers 12 are arranged.
  • An associated with the step frame 13 in connection drive frame 15 serves as a carrier for a Drive unit 16 of the motorized stage 3, wherein the drive unit 16 consists of a motor 17, a gear 18 and a brake 19.
  • the gear 18 is arranged on a stepped pin 15.1.
  • a friction wheel 20 is provided, which transmits the driving force frictionally on a roadway 21, wherein a fixedly arranged on the drive frame 15 back pressure roller 22, the stage 3 leads laterally. To ensure a constant driving force transmission, the friction wheel 20 is pressed by means of a pressure spring 23 permanently to the roadway 21.
  • the brake 19 consists of a brake magnet 19.1, the brake calipers 19.2 vents against a spring force. When stopping, emergency stop or unauthorized downward movements of the step band 4, the brake caliper 19.2 spring-loaded on the roadway 21.
  • Fig. 4 shows the motorized stage 3 with a power supply 24 along the provided in the oblique feed part of the escalator 1 roadway 21.
  • the power supply is ensured by means of contactless, inductive energy transfer.
  • a stationary primary part 24.1 induces energy to a second stage 24.2 traveling along with the stage 3, to which the motor 17 and the brake magnet 19.1 are connected.
  • Control signals are transmitted by radio to or from level 3.
  • the power supply can also be ensured by means guided along a busbar sliding contacts or brushes.

Landscapes

  • Escalators And Moving Walkways (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Fahrtreppe oder einen Fahrsteig bestehend aus einer Tragkonstruktion, einem Stufenband mit motorisierten Stufen und freilaufenden Stufen bzw. Palettenband mit motorisierten Paletten und freilaufenden Paletten für den Transport von Personen und/oder Gegenständen und einer mittels eines Balustradensockels gehaltenen Balustrade mit Handlauf.The invention relates to an escalator or a moving walkway consisting of a supporting structure, a stepped belt with motorized steps and free-running stages or pallet conveyor with motorized pallets and free-moving pallets for the transport of people and / or objects and a balustrade held by means of a balustrade balustrade with handrail.

Aus der Offenlegungsschrift JP 2001163562 ist eine Fahrtreppe bekannt geworden, bei der einzelne Stufen des Stufenbandes mit einem Antrieb versehen sind. Der Antrieb umfasst einen im Stufenkörper integrierten Elektromotor, der je Seite eine vorauseilende und eine nacheilende Achse antreibt, wobei ein einenends an der Achse angeordnetes Zahnrad in eine feststehende Zahnstange eingreift. Die Stromzuführung für den Elektromotor erfolgt mittels Stromschienen und Schleifkontakten.From the Laid-Open Patent JP 2001163562 An escalator has become known in which individual stages of the step band are provided with a drive. The drive comprises an electric motor integrated in the step body, which drives on each side a leading and a trailing axle, with a gear arranged at one end on the axle engaging in a stationary rack. The power supply for the electric motor by means of busbars and sliding contacts.

Nachteilig bei dieser Antriebseinrichtung ist, dass die zwei je Stufe vorgesehenen Zahnräder beim Kämmen mit den Zahnstangen übermässig Geräusche verursachen. Die Stufe muss präzise geführt werden, damit die Zahnräder sauber mit den Zahnstangen im Eingriff stehen. Ausserdem ist die Antriebsmechanik mit Pulleys, Riemen oder Ketten, Achsen, Zahnrädern und Zahnstangen mechanisch aufwendig, kostspielig und wartungsintensiv. Gleichlaufprobleme entstehen wegen den angetriebenen Stufenrollen und den angetriebenen Kettenrollen.A disadvantage of this drive device is that the two gears provided for each stage cause excessive noise when combing with the racks. The step must be precisely guided so that the gears mesh cleanly with the racks. In addition, the drive mechanism with pulleys, belts or chains, axles, gears and racks is mechanically complex, costly and maintenance-intensive. Synchronism problems arise because of the driven step rollers and the driven chain rollers.

Aus der EP 1 258 447 A ist eine kettenlose Personenfördervorrichtung bekannt geworden, die direkt angetriebene Trittkörper aufweist, die in einer Richtung hintereinander hinlaufen und darunter schneller zurücklaufen. Jeder Trittkörper läuft auf Rollen, von denen zwei durch je einen Elektromotor angetrieben sind. Jeder Trittkörper verfügt über eine Einrichtung zur Stromversorgung. Weiters weist jeder Trittkörper vier Sensoren zur Bestimmung des Abstandes zum nächsten Trittkörper auf. Eine Steuerelektronik steuert die Elektromotoren in Abhängigkeit vom Signal der Sensoren, sodass die Trittkörper im Bereich für den Personentransport unmittelbar hintereinander laufen. An den Enden der Personenfördervorrichtung ist jeweils eine Kippstation zur Neigung der Trittkörper vorgesehen. Bei bevorzugten Ausführungsformen sind die Trittkörper mittels eines Reibradantriebs oder aber mittels zusätzlichen Zackenrädern direkt angetrieben.From the EP 1 258 447 A a chainless passenger conveyor has become known, which has directly driven tread body, which run in one direction behind the other and run back faster. Each tread body runs on rollers, two of which are driven by an electric motor. Each kick body has a power supply facility. Furthermore, each tread body has four sensors for determining the distance to the next tread body. An electronic control system controls the electric motors in response to the signal from the sensors, so that the tread body in the area for passenger transport run directly behind each other. At the ends of the passenger conveyor device, a tilting station for tilting the tread body is provided in each case. In preferred embodiments, the treads are driven directly by means of a friction wheel drive or by means of additional toothed wheels.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Die Erfindung, wie sie in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnet ist, löst die Aufgabe, die Nachteile der bekannten Einrichtung zu vermeiden und eine Antriebseinrichtung zu schaffen, die auf einfache Art und Weise eine Stufe bzw. eine Palette eines Stufenbandes bzw. eines Palettenbandes antreibt.The invention aims to remedy this situation. The invention, as characterized in claim 1, solves the problem of avoiding the disadvantages of the known device and to provide a drive device which drives in a simple manner a step or a pallet of a step belt or a pallet strip.

Die durch die Erfindung erreichten Vorteile sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, dass die für den Vortrieb der Stufe bzw. der Palette notwendige Kraftübertragung an einem Punkt erfolgt, was gewährleistet, dass die Stufe bzw. die Palette vom Antrieb her nicht verkanten kann. Ausserdem sind für die Motorisierung der Stufen bzw. Paletten nur wenige zusätzliche Fahrtreppen- bzw. Fahrsteigteile notwendig. Die mittig angeordnete Fahrbahn zur Fortbewegung der motorisierten Stufe dient auch als Bremsschiene für die je motorisierte Stufe vorgesehene Bremse.The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that the power transmission necessary for the propulsion of the stage or the pallet takes place at one point, which ensures that the step or the pallet can not tilt from the drive. In addition, only a few additional escalator or moving walk parts are necessary for the motorization of the stages or pallets. The centrally arranged roadway for locomotion of the motorized stage also serves as a brake rail for the ever motorized stage provided brake.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispiele darstellenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert.In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to illustrative drawings.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1
    eine Seitenansicht einer Fahrtreppe,
  • Fig. 2
    einen dreidimensionalen Ausschnitt eines Stufenbandes mit einer motorisierten Stufe und freilaufenden Stufen,
  • Fig. 3
    den Ausschnitt der Fig. 2 mit der motorisierten Stufe ohne Stufenkörper und
  • Fig. 4
    die motorisierte Stufe mit Stromversorgung.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1
    a side view of an escalator,
  • Fig. 2
    a three-dimensional section of a step belt with a motorized stage and free-running steps,
  • Fig. 3
    the clipping of the Fig. 2 with the motorized stage without step body and
  • Fig. 4
    the motorized stage with power supply.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine eine erste Etage E1 mit einer zweiten Etage E2 verbindende Fahrtreppe 1 oder einen Fahrsteig mit einem aus motorisierten Stufen 3 und freilaufenden Stufen 3.1 bestehenden Stufenband 4 bzw. mit einem aus Paletten bestehenden Fahrsteig bezeichnet. Je nach Fahrtreppe bzw. Fahrsteig ist alle vier bis zwölf freilaufenden Stufen 3.1 eine motorisierte Stufe 3 vorgesehen. Ein Handlauf 5 ist an einer Balustrade 6 angeordnet, die am unteren Ende mittels eines Balustradensockels 7 gehalten wird. Der Balustradensockel 7 wird von einer Tragkonstruktion 8 der Fahrtreppe 1 bzw. des Fahrsteiges getragen. Fig. 1 shows an escalator 1 connecting a first floor E1 to a second floor E2 or a moving walkway with a step belt 4 consisting of motorized steps 3 and free-running steps 3.1 or with a moving walkway consisting of pallets. Depending on the escalator or moving walk every four to twelve free-running steps 3.1 a motorized stage 3 is provided. A handrail 5 is arranged on a balustrade 6, which is held at the lower end by means of a balustrade pedestal 7. The balustrade pedestal 7 is supported by a support structure 8 of the escalator 1 and the moving walkway.

Im weiteren Beschreibungsverlauf wird anstelle des Begriffs "Fahrtreppe bzw. Fahrsteig" lediglich "Fahrtreppe" verwendet, die Ausführungen gelten jedoch sinngemäss auch für einen Fahrsteig.In the further course of the description, only "escalator" is used instead of the term "escalator or moving walk", but the explanations apply mutatis mutandis to a moving walkway.

Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen einen dreidimensionalen Ausschnitt des Stufenbandes 4 mit einer motorisierten Stufe 3 und freilaufenden Stufen 3.1. Führungsschienen 9 werden von einem Träger 10 der Tragkonstruktion 8 getragen. Die Führungsschiene 9 weist eine Lauffläche 9.1 zur Führung von Kettenrollen 11.1 einer Stufenkette 11 und eine Lauffläche 9.2 zur Führung von Stufenrollen 12 der Stufen 3,3.1 auf. Jede Stufe 3,3.1 weist ein Stufengestell 13 auf, welches mittels Stufenbolzen 14 mit der Stufenkette 11 verbunden ist. Am Stufengestell 13 sind auch die Stufenrollen 12 angeordnet. FIGS. 2 and 3 show a three-dimensional section of the step belt 4 with a motorized stage 3 and free-running stages 3.1. Guide rails 9 are supported by a carrier 10 of the support structure 8. The guide rail 9 has a running surface 9.1 for guiding chain rollers 11.1 of a step chain 11 and a running surface 9.2 for guiding step rollers 12 of the steps 3, 3, 1. Each stage 3.3.1 has a step frame 13, which is connected by means of stepped bolt 14 with the step chain 11. On the step frame 13, the step rollers 12 are arranged.

Ein mit dem Stufengestell 13 in Verbindung stehendes Antriebsgestell 15 dient als Träger für eine Antriebseinheit 16 der motorisierten Stufe 3, wobei die Antriebseinheit 16 aus einem Motor 17, einem Getriebe 18 und aus einer Bremse 19 besteht. Das Getriebe 18 ist an einem Stufenzapfen 15.1 angeordnet. Am Getriebeausgang ist ein Reibrad 20 vorgesehen, das die Antriebskraft reibschlüssig auf eine Fahrbahn 21 überträgt, wobei eine fest am Antriebsgestell 15 angeordnete Gegendruckrolle 22 die Stufe 3 seitlich führt. Zur Gewährleistung einer gleichbleibenden Antriebskraftübertragung wird das Reibrad 20 mittels einer Anpressfeder 23 permanent an die Fahrbahn 21 gepresst.An associated with the step frame 13 in connection drive frame 15 serves as a carrier for a Drive unit 16 of the motorized stage 3, wherein the drive unit 16 consists of a motor 17, a gear 18 and a brake 19. The gear 18 is arranged on a stepped pin 15.1. At the output of the transmission a friction wheel 20 is provided, which transmits the driving force frictionally on a roadway 21, wherein a fixedly arranged on the drive frame 15 back pressure roller 22, the stage 3 leads laterally. To ensure a constant driving force transmission, the friction wheel 20 is pressed by means of a pressure spring 23 permanently to the roadway 21.

Die Bremse 19 besteht aus einem Bremsmagneten 19.1, der Bremszangen 19.2 entgegen einer Federkraft lüftet. Bei Halt, Nothalt oder bei unerlaubten Abwärtsbewegungen des Stufenbandes 4 greifen die Bremszangen 19.2 federbeaufschlagt an der Fahrbahn 21 an.The brake 19 consists of a brake magnet 19.1, the brake calipers 19.2 vents against a spring force. When stopping, emergency stop or unauthorized downward movements of the step band 4, the brake caliper 19.2 spring-loaded on the roadway 21.

Fig. 4 zeigt die motorisierte Stufe 3 mit einer Stromversorgung 24 entlang der im schrägen Vorlaufteil der Fahrtreppe 1 vorgesehenen Fahrbahn 21. Im gezeigten Beispiel wird die Stromversorgung mittels berührungsloser, induktiver Energieübertragung sichergestellt. Ein feststehender Primärteil 24.1 induziert Energie auf einen mit der Stufe 3 mitfahrenden Sekundärteil 24.2, an den der Motor 17 und der Bremsmagnet 19.1 angeschlossen sind. Steuersignale werden funktechnisch auf die oder von der Stufe 3 übertragen. Fig. 4 shows the motorized stage 3 with a power supply 24 along the provided in the oblique feed part of the escalator 1 roadway 21. In the example shown, the power supply is ensured by means of contactless, inductive energy transfer. A stationary primary part 24.1 induces energy to a second stage 24.2 traveling along with the stage 3, to which the motor 17 and the brake magnet 19.1 are connected. Control signals are transmitted by radio to or from level 3.

Die Stromversorgung kann auch mittels entlang einer Stromschiene geführten Schleifkontakten bzw. Bürsten sichergestellt werden.The power supply can also be ensured by means guided along a busbar sliding contacts or brushes.

Claims (3)

  1. Escalator (1) or moving walkway consisting of a support construction (8), a step belt (4) with motor-driven steps (3) and free-running steps (3.1) or a plate belt with motor-driven plates and free-running plates for the transport of persons and/or articles and a balustrade (6), which is mounted by means of a balustrade base (7), with a handrail (5), wherein the motor-driven step (3) comprises a drive unit (16) which transmits its drive power by friction couple to a travel track (21) and the drive unit (16) of the motor-driven step (3) consists of a motor (17), a transmission (18) and a brake (19), wherein a friction wheel (20) which transmits the drive power by friction couple to the travel track (21) is provided at the transmission output, characterised in that brake pincers (19.2) of the brake (19) engage at the travel track (21).
  2. Escalator or moving walkway according to claim 1, characterised in that a current supply means (24) arranged along the travel track (21) is provided.
  3. Escalator or moving walkway according to one of the claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the travel track (21) is provided in the forward run part of the escalator (1).
EP04016532A 2003-07-31 2004-07-14 Drive for escalator step or pallet Expired - Lifetime EP1502891B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04016532A EP1502891B1 (en) 2003-07-31 2004-07-14 Drive for escalator step or pallet

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03405569 2003-07-31
EP03405569 2003-07-31
EP04016532A EP1502891B1 (en) 2003-07-31 2004-07-14 Drive for escalator step or pallet

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1502891A1 EP1502891A1 (en) 2005-02-02
EP1502891B1 true EP1502891B1 (en) 2008-08-20

Family

ID=34130397

Family Applications (1)

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EP04016532A Expired - Lifetime EP1502891B1 (en) 2003-07-31 2004-07-14 Drive for escalator step or pallet

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US7308978B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1502891B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4776897B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1579918A (en)
AR (1) AR045443A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE405517T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2004203529B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0403077A (en)
CA (1) CA2476052C (en)
DE (1) DE502004007873D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2312887T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1073640A1 (en)
MX (1) MXPA04007307A (en)
NO (1) NO20043184L (en)
ZA (2) ZA200405181B (en)

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EP2666743A1 (en) 2012-05-25 2013-11-27 Inventio AG Brake system with a cleaning device
DE102013108767A1 (en) 2013-08-13 2015-02-19 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Ag Decentralized linear motor control for transport systems
CN111847205A (en) * 2019-04-24 2020-10-30 吕震伟 Escalator moving upwards and escalator moving downwards

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ES2319084B1 (en) * 2008-10-20 2010-03-16 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Innovation TRANSVERSAL LONGITUDINAL BOARD.
CN101723232B (en) 2009-12-23 2011-10-26 西子奥的斯电梯有限公司 Head ladder way and escalator thereof
AT510182A1 (en) * 2010-07-26 2012-02-15 Mertl Daniel TRANSPORT, ESPECIALLY ROLL STAIR, ROLLER, OR THE LIKE
US9994428B2 (en) 2013-11-18 2018-06-12 Otis Elevator Company Brake for use in passenger conveyor system
CN106586777B (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-10-12 曲阜师范大学 A kind of non-traction-type oblique elevator and its control method
AT519944B1 (en) * 2017-05-11 2019-02-15 Siemens Ag Oesterreich gap filling
TWI840424B (en) * 2018-10-30 2024-05-01 瑞士商伊文修股份有限公司 A conveyor chain for a pallet belt, and a pallet belt for a moving walkway, and a moving walkway of low structural height
EP3747821B1 (en) 2019-06-04 2024-11-27 Otis Elevator Company Belt-driven people conveyors
CN110921476A (en) * 2019-12-17 2020-03-27 郄树才 Combinable moving sidewalk
CN118515163A (en) * 2023-02-17 2024-08-20 奥的斯电梯公司 Fabricated passenger conveyor system, method of constructing same, and modular apparatus

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2666743A1 (en) 2012-05-25 2013-11-27 Inventio AG Brake system with a cleaning device
DE102013108767A1 (en) 2013-08-13 2015-02-19 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Ag Decentralized linear motor control for transport systems
US10173865B2 (en) 2013-08-13 2019-01-08 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Ag Decentralized linear motor regulation for transport systems
CN111847205A (en) * 2019-04-24 2020-10-30 吕震伟 Escalator moving upwards and escalator moving downwards

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0403077A (en) 2005-05-31
JP4776897B2 (en) 2011-09-21
AU2004203529A1 (en) 2005-02-17
ES2312887T3 (en) 2009-03-01
CA2476052A1 (en) 2005-01-31
US7308978B2 (en) 2007-12-18
DE502004007873D1 (en) 2008-10-02
AR045443A1 (en) 2005-10-26
NO20043184L (en) 2005-02-01
MXPA04007307A (en) 2005-02-03
US20050034958A1 (en) 2005-02-17
AU2004203529B2 (en) 2009-12-17
CN1579918A (en) 2005-02-16
HK1073640A1 (en) 2005-10-14
CA2476052C (en) 2011-11-22
ZA200405181B (en) 2005-03-11
JP2005053698A (en) 2005-03-03
ZA200405180B (en) 2005-03-11
ATE405517T1 (en) 2008-09-15
EP1502891A1 (en) 2005-02-02

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