EP1317592B1 - Method and system for removably fixing a flat building part to a background, in particular a tile to a wall or floor, and formed sheet therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for detachably fixing a surface component ( 16 ) to a background ( 18 ), especially a tile to a wall or on a bottom, whereby projections connected to the surface component when secured to the background and/or recesses engage with recesses connected to the background and/or projections, said recesses and projections being correspondingly embodied in such a way that they have deformable undercuts in the direction of the distance of said component from the background, the projections and recesses connected to the background being embodied on a forming film ( 4 ). The projections and recesses embodied on the surface component ( 4 ) are formed by a hardenable bonding material ( 22 ) which is applied to the forming film ( 4 ) joined to the background ( 18, 26 ) and/or to the surface component before it is pressed onto the forming film, said material bonding with the surface component when hardened.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a system for releasably securing a sheet-like component on a substrate, in particular a tile on a wall or on a floor. The invention further relates to a molding film.

The laying of tiles, floor slabs, etc. is on the one hand associated with a lot of effort and leaves on the other hand numerous problems unresolved. For example, a reliable seal between the tile surface and the substrate in the currently used connecting materials, such as mortar, adhesive, etc. is difficult to achieve. Furthermore, tiles or plate elements are removable from the ground only with considerable effort. A removal of the plate elements from the ground, for example, is necessary if the exhibition kitchens tiles or floor panels are to be replaced, if in a house tiles or floor panels to be renewed, etc.

From DE 40 26 472 C2 an attachment of plates on a substrate is known, wherein on the backs of the plates a plastic layer is provided with elevations and / or depressions and on the substrate itself a coating with depressions and / or elevations is provided. The elevations and / or depressions of the covering correspond to those of the plastic layer in such a way that they fit together in a clamping manner, so that the plates can be pressed onto the covering of the substrate and can be detachably fastened thereto. The covering which can be fastened to the substrate is formed, for example, by a shaped film of polypropylene or ABS, which can be nailed to the substrate, for example. The elevations and / or depressions may be designed such that they fit together with an undercut slightly snap together. A peculiarity of the known Fixing is that the plates must be individually provided with the plastic layer, which is expensive. Furthermore, the plates pressed onto the base are not displaceable by the engagement between the grid-like depressions and elevations, so that, for example, existing tolerances can not be compensated for in tiles.

From DE OS 1 926 226 a similar releasable attachment of plates on a substrate is known, in which the substrate and the back of the plates are provided with a profiled support, wherein the profiled supports are provided with projections and recesses latching with undercut engage each other and are elastically deformable so that they are solvable.

In EP 0 969 162 A2, which is based on the preambles of the independent claims, a method for laying flat components is described in which a detachable pad is attached to a rigidly fixed to a support bracket. The rigid support has recesses in which corresponding projections of the removable pad engage such that they are perpendicular to the extension direction of the pad from the rigid posture removable. For attaching flat components on a substrate, the removable pad is inserted into the rigid holder. Subsequently, an adhesive is applied to the removable pad on which the flat components are pressed. Characterized in that the adhesive penetrates into the recesses of the removable pad, the flat components are firmly connected thereto, but can be removed by removing the removable pad from the rigid support. Thereafter, the rigid support for a re-applying a removable pad and then an adhesive layer and new flat components is available.

In EP 0147970 A2 a device for covering surfaces with surface elements is described, in which similar to the subject of the above-appreciated DE 40 26 472 C2 on the back of the surface elements retaining profile projections are glued, which formed in corresponding, in a covering of the substrate Wells with form-fitting or undercut can be used. The coating may be formed by a molding film.

In WO-A-01 69007, which is not prepublished with respect to the present application and therefore is not relevant to the question of inventive step, is a method for releasably attaching a surface component to a substrate, in particular one Tile on a floor with all features of the preamble of claim 1 described. The shaped films are provided with projections or recesses, which can be brought into mutual positive engagement. The projections or recesses are channel-shaped in that the film is bent, wherein the bending angle is greater or smaller than 90 degrees, so that the recesses have an expanding cross-section, in which engage the corresponding projections.

The invention has for its object to provide a practical and cost-effective solution to the problem of releasably securing flat components on a substrate, in particular tiles on a wall or on a floor.

With the method according to claim 1, a first solution of the invention task is achieved.

The subclaims 2 to 4 are directed to advantageous embodiments and further developments of the method according to the invention.

The claim 5 indicates the molding film, which is used for carrying out the method according to the invention.

The shaped film according to the invention is further formed with the features of claims 6 to 10 in an advantageous manner.

The claim 11 indicates a system for the solution of the invention task, which is further formed with the features of claims 12 to 20 in an advantageous manner.

The invention can be used in many ways. Particularly advantageous is the invention for the construction industry, in particular the attachment of tiles, floor slabs or other surface elements to floors, ceilings and walls. Under surface component in particular those components are understood that have a surface for attachment to a substrate. The term underground does not necessarily mean directly a wall, a floor or a ceiling, but may also mean an intermediate layer on which the sheet-like component is to be attached.

The invention is explained below with reference to schematic drawings, for example, and with further details.

Figur 1

einen Querschnitt durch eine Anordnung, bei ein Plattenelement erfindungsgemäß auf einem Holzuntergrund befestigt ist,

Figur 2

einen Querschnitt durch eine Anordnung, bei der ein Plattenelement an einer Mauer befestigt ist,

Figur 3

einen Querschnitt durch zwei ineinandergesteckte, wellenartige Formfolien,

Figur 4

einen Querschnitt einer Formfolie, wie sie vorteilhaft für eine Anordung gemäß Fig. 3 verwendbar ist,

Figur 5

eine Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Drehung eines Folienstücks um 180°,

Figur 6

eine Detailansicht ineinander gesteckter Folienstücke gemäß Fig. 5,

Figur 7

eine vergrößerte Detailansicht der Folienstücke gemäß Fig. 6.

Figur 8

einen Querschnitt von auf unterschiedlichem Untergrund angebrachten Plattenelementen unter Verwendung zweier Formfolien gemäß Figur 3,

Figur 9

einen Querschnitt ähnlich der Fig. 8 unter Verwendung zweier Folienstücke gemäß Fig. 7,

Figur 10

eine Formfolie mit Entlüftungslöchern,

Figur 11

eine Formfolie mit Verdickungen zur Vergrößerung des Formschlusses,

Figur 12

mit unterschiedlichen Materialien gefüllte Formfolien,

Figur 13

verschiedene Arten des Anbringens von Fliesen auf einem Untergrund,

Figur 14

Querschnitte durch verschiedene Ausführungsformen von Formfolien,

Figur 15

schematische Aufsichten auf unterschiedliche Arten von Formfolien,

Figur 16

eine Ansicht eines Hauses zur Erläuterung von durch den Einsatz der Erfindung erzielten Funktionsvorteilen,

Figur 17

ein Beispiel einer auf einem Mauerwerk befestigten Formfolie,

Figur 18 und 19

Querschnitte durch unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen von Verbindungsbauteilen,

Figur 20

verschiedene Anwendungen der Verbindungsbauteile gemäß Figuren 18 und 19,

Figur 21

ein System zum verschiebbaren Anbringen einer Fliese auf einem Untergrund,

Figur 22

beim Verlegen von Fliesen hilfreiche Distanzbauteile,

Figur 23

ein Befestigungselement mit Skizzen zur Funktionserläuterung,

Figur 24

einen Steckverbinder mit Skizzen zur Funktionserläuterung,

Figur 25

eine Bodenwanne und

Figur 26

eine andere Ausführung einer Bodenwanne mit einem Eckverbindungskörper.

They show:

FIG. 1

a cross section through an arrangement, according to the invention is mounted on a wooden substrate in a plate element,

FIG. 2

a cross section through an arrangement in which a plate member is attached to a wall,

FIG. 3

a cross section through two nested, wave-like shaped films,

FIG. 4

a cross section of a shaped film, as it is advantageous for an arrangement according to FIG. 3,

FIG. 5

a representation for explaining the rotation of a piece of film by 180 °,

FIG. 6

a detailed view of nested pieces of film as shown in FIG. 5,

FIG. 7

an enlarged detail view of the film pieces of FIG. 6th

FIG. 8

a cross section of mounted on different substrates plate elements using two shaped films according to Figure 3,

FIG. 9

a cross section similar to FIG. 8 using two pieces of film according to FIG. 7,

FIG. 10

a mold film with vent holes,

FIG. 11

a molding film with thickening to increase the positive connection,

FIG. 12

filled with different materials molding films,

FIG. 13

various ways of applying tiles to a substrate,

FIG. 14

Cross sections through various embodiments of molded films,

FIG. 15

schematic views of different types of mold films,

FIG. 16

a view of a house to explain achieved by the use of the invention functional advantages,

FIG. 17

an example of a masonry-mounted molded foil,

FIGS. 18 and 19

Cross sections through different embodiments of connecting components,

FIG. 20

various applications of the connection components according to FIGS. 18 and 19,

FIG. 21

a system for slidably attaching a tile to a substrate,

FIG. 22

helpful spacer elements when laying tiles,

FIG. 23

a fastener with sketches to explain the function,

FIG. 24

a connector with sketches to explain the function,

FIG. 25

a floor pan and

FIG. 26

another embodiment of a floor pan with a Eckverbindungskörper.

Figure 1 shows schematically how a plate element, such as a tile, is mounted on a substrate. An essential element of the connection system shown in FIG. 1 is a molding film, designated overall by 4. This form of film is meandering in cross-section and has grooves on both sides or in cross-section projections 6 and 8, wherein between the projections 6 and the projections 8 each recesses 12 and 14 are formed. As can be seen from the figures, the projections of the recesses separating wall portions are not perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the film, but curved outwards, so that adjacent recesses 12 and 14 undercut the film on top of that, ie are formed such that they are in relation to an assumed relative movement perpendicular to the film longitudinal extension in mutual positive engagement. In other words, the cross-sectional area of a recess, starting from the base of the recess, initially increases with increasing distance from the recess, then decreases and then closes again. The mold film 4 is formed of a material and in a thickness such that it has a certain inherent rigidity, ie, retains the illustrated shape in its free state. The molding film may for example consist of thermoplastic material.

A plate element 16, for example a wall tile, is applied to a substrate 18 as follows:

In Figure 1, the substrate of a wooden plate 18 (or for example a gypsum board), for example, part of a floor or at 90 ° rotated representation of a wall (or in another turn by 90 ° of a ceiling) may be. The forming film 4 is fixed to the wood plate 18 by chugging by inserting in a conventional manner wire staples 20 in the deepest places of the recesses 12 and injected through the mold film 4 into the wood panel 18. Subsequently, bonding compound 22, for example tile adhesive or tile mortar, is introduced into the recesses 12 of the inherently rigid shaped film 4, and the plate element 16 is pressed open and brought into its desired position. When curing, the bonding compound 22 connects to the back of the plate member 16, so that the plate member 16 is connected via the positive connection between the cured bonding compound 22 and the forming film 4 with the wooden plate 18 without the forming film 4 with the bonding compound 22 a Adhesive or other connection is received. It is understood that the bonding compound can also be applied to the tile to be laid and is pressed in its laying on the molding film in the recesses. In the manner described, a wall surface can be covered with plate elements, which, as long as the compound mass is not cured, can be aligned exactly with each other, so the tolerances of the plate elements can be compensated.

For releasing the plate member 16 from the wood plate 18, the forming film 4 is according to Figure 1, for example, drawn to the left, wherein it is stretched, so that solves the positive connection and the forming film is torn out of the wire clips or together with the wire clips. In this way, the plate elements can be easily removed from the pad without the pad is damaged. Subsequently, new plate elements can be applied to the substrate according to the described method. The arrangement can be further stabilized by the fact that prior to chugging in the recesses 14 a curable composition is introduced, which need not necessarily enter into a connection with the wood or gypsum.

In the arrangement of Figure 2, which basically corresponds to that of Figure 1, wherein the substrate is, however, a masonry 26 or a plaster layer, first a compound compound 24 is applied to the substrate 26, which forms a bond with the substrate 26 during curing. The mold film 4 is pressed into the not yet hard connection compound 24. The layer thickness of the bonding compound 24 is dimensioned such that when depressing the mold film 4 whose recesses 14 are filled. Subsequently, in the recesses 12 of the substrate 26 via positive engagement between the located in the recesses 14 connecting compound 24 and the forming film 4 attached forming film, as described with reference to Figure 1, compound compound 22 is introduced. Finally, the plate member 16 is placed or pressed.

The connecting mass 24 may be different from the connecting mass 22, so that in each case a vote of the properties on the substrate 26 and the plate members 16 is possible.

In order to remove the plate elements 16 from the substrate, the shaped foil 4 is pulled off from the side in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 as well, wherein the projections formed by the joining masses 22 and 24 are alternately broken. This can be achieved by applying a relatively low tensile force on the mold film 4, a plate member 16 in a simple manner from a substrate.

Another advantage achieved with the described fastening system is that the forming film 4 forms a barrier layer between the plate element 16 and the substrate, which is advantageous for many applications. In addition, can be a achieve good sound and impact sound insulation.

The described system can be modified in many ways. For example, it is possible in the embodiment of Figure 1 by suitable elasticity of the forming film 4, the plate member 16 under deformation of the forming film to remove completely destructive, wherein the recesses 12 filling, formed by the bonding compound 22 projections remain, so that the If necessary, plate element 16 can then be re-inserted into the molding film.

Alternatively, compounding compounds may be used which are somewhat elastically deformable, so that removal of the plate elements in both the embodiment according to FIG. 1 and in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 is possible under elastic deformation of the compound compounds. The mold film 4 can also be formed in a wall thickness and with an elasticity of its material, that the positive engagement in rigidly curing bonding compound by elastic deformation of the mold film 4 is itself solvable.

FIG. 3 shows two nested mold sheets 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ .

If one of the forming foils 4 of FIGS. 1 and 2 is replaced by the double structure according to FIG. 3, the lower forming foil 4 ₁ according to FIG. 3 is attached directly to the base (FIG. 1) or via positive locking (FIG. 2) and the upper forming foil 4 ₂ attached to the plate member 16. The plate member 16 can then be removed by means of correspondingly thick and elastic formation of the two forming foils 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ with elastic deformation of only the forming foils 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ from the substrate, wherein the forming foil 4 ₂ remains on the plate member 16. The attached to the substrate molding film 4 ₁ is immediately available for a new plate laying available, which in turn can be used with double film by first a molding film 4 _{2 is} inserted into the mold sheet 4 ₁ .

The construction of the arrangements can be carried out as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the double-form foil 4 ₁ , 4 _{2 being used} instead of the forming foil 4. Alternatively, the structure may be such that first the mold film 4 ₁ , as the mold film 4 is attached to the substrate, that the mold film 4 _{2 is} fixed to the plate member 16, and that the two shaped films are then inserted into one another into the structure according to FIG.

Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a molding film 4, which may consist for example of plastic, such as polystyrene, polyethylene or other suitable plastics, with a material thickness of about 0.3 to 1.0 mm and the gem for a double film. Fig. 3 is particularly advantageous. 4, the forming film 4, which is formed overall meander-shaped, alternately, seen from above, projections 6 and recesses 12. The recesses 12 are each formed so that their light cross-section measured from the vertices of adjacent projections from first decreases and extends to a narrowest point e, and then decrease to the ground again. In this way, upward slightly mushroom-shaped widening projections 6 are alternately arranged with downwardly below the narrowest point each slightly widening recesses.

As can be seen from Fig. 4, the projections 6 and recesses 12 are asymmetrical in that the width a of each recess in the narrowest point is slightly smaller than the width b of each projection 6 in the region of its widest point. In addition, the projections 6 are formed such that they extend by a smaller amount h over the respective farthest point beyond the depth t of the recesses 12, measured from the narrowest point, that is, the dimension h is smaller than the measure t ,

Fig. 5 shows the top of a piece of film 4 ₂ in the position shown in FIG. 2 and below the film piece 4 ₂ rotated by 180 ° about an axis perpendicular to the paper plane axis. As can be seen from FIG. 5, each of the projections, seen from above, turns from projections into recesses and vice versa. With the formation of the forming film 4 described with reference to FIG. 4, it is achieved that the film piece 4 ₂ rotated according to FIG. 5 can be inserted into a film piece 4 ₁ located in the position of FIG. 4, with latching, the back sides the projections 6 ₂ (former recesses 4) engage behind the projections 6 _{1 of} the lower molded film piece 4 ₁ after overcoming the undercuts and similarly the recesses 12 _{2 of} the upper mold film 4 ₂ engage behind the recesses 12 _{1 of} the lower mold film 4 ₁ . The undercut is given in each case by the fact that the dimension a (FIG. 4) is slightly smaller than the dimension b. The mutual clip-like engagement between the two molded foil pieces 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ can be achieved by the elasticity of the Wall material itself (dilution of the wall) or in that the shaped film is bent elastically in total. By the condition h ≤ t (Fig. 2), the additional advantage is achieved that between the shaped film pieces 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ each gaps 132 remain so that any dirt or particles are stripped on the surfaces of the molded film pieces in their telescoping and in the remaining free spaces 132 are added. Thus, even with not completely clean conditions, as they often prevail on construction sites, a secure connectivity between the pieces of film and the components attached to them given.

Fig. 7 shows a detail of Fig. 6 in an enlarged view to illustrate the mutual geometric relationships. As can be clearly seen, the width within a recess A formed by a "former" projection G is smaller by approximately twice the wall thickness of the molding film than the width within a recess R.

The described principle can be applied to meandering films (the projections and recesses each forming continuous ribs or grooves) as well as to mold films which are formed with wells, as for example explained below in Fig. 15, or on mold films in which Undercuts are formed by local Verdikkungen or nubs, as explained in Fig. 14. The shaped films according to FIGS. 14b-14d and 15d are not exemplary embodiments of the invention, but examples which make it easier to understand the invention.

An essential feature of the described molding film is, as explained with reference to FIG. 4, is that the inner width of the recesses 4 is at least as large as the outer width of the projections. This ensures that two 180 ° against each other twisted pieces of film, which originate from the same mold film, without permanent pinching or deformation of the film pieces fit into each other, whereas with the same formation of projections and recesses otherwise due to the wall thickness of the mold film, a non-contact nesting (see. Fig. 7) after overcoming the respective undercuts is not possible. Overall, as shown in Fig. 7, the narrowest point e of a recess 12 by about two wall thicknesses further than the narrowest point o on the back of a former projection 6, which forms after rotation of the film piece by 180 °, the upwardly open recess. For example, the dimension b can be larger by almost one wall thickness than the dimension a. Due to the fact that the film pieces 4 ₁ and 4 _2, after being telescoped into one another, are accommodated in each other at least largely without deformation are a fatigue-free and durable connection is created. It is understood that the forming film can also be formed such that in the state of Fig. 7 a slight mutual contact with little elastic deformation is present. It is understood that the shaped films, in particular, if they are held only by positive engagement in one another, are applied to the substrate, dasss the recesses or projections extend horizontally.

Figures 8 and 9 correspond to the arrangements according to Figures 1 and 2, wherein the thick drawn film of FIG. 8 is a double structure, ie consists of two mold films 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ . FIG. 9 shows a double film composed of a film according to FIGS. 4 and 5 according to FIG. 7. The middle part of FIGS. 8 and 9 represents a substrate in the form of a gypsum board 28 which has stabilizing layers, for example made of paper, a fiber mat or the like, on both sides.

In some applications, it is advantageous if the forming film 4 does not form a gas or moisture barrier. In the embodiment according to FIG. 10, the shaped foil 4 is provided with through holes 32.

The embodiment of the forming film according to Figure 11 is characterized in that the mold film is formed, for example, by immersing its meandering bulges in a bath with coatings 34 that the positive locking, for the volumes V ₁ in an upward movement and for the volumes V ₂ for a downward movement of the mold film 4 is out, is increased. The undercut between the volumes V ₁ and V ₂ need not necessarily be made by the curvature of the forming film 4. The forming film 4 could each be bent at right angles (have grooves with vertical side walls and a horizontal bottom wall). The positive engagement or the undercut would then be given only by the coatings 34. For many applications, it is sufficient if only the underside or the top of the molding film 4 is provided with the coatings 34.

In Figure 12 it is illustrated that the recesses of the forming film 4 can be filled or foamed with an elastically compliant filler 36 (Figure 12a) or filled with a filler 38 (Figure 12b) which is rigid in itself. The fillers 36 and 38 may occur instead of the connecting masses 22 and 24, for example, Figures 1 and 2.

FIG. 13 shows in part a) a plan view of a wall which, like the documents 18 or 26 of FIG. 1, is provided with a forming film 4, which is partially already covered with plate elements 16, for example tiles.

FIG. 13b) represents the rear side of a plate element 16 which is provided with a connecting mass, for example the connecting mass 12 of FIG. The plate member 16 is pressed onto the forming film 4, so that after curing of the bonding compound 12 of the positive engagement, as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, is prepared.

In FIG. 13c), a further molding film 4 is fastened to the rear side of the plate element 16, for example by interposing a suitable bonding compound. The plate element 16 of Figure 13c) can be easily attached to the wall that the plate member 16 is inserted with its mold film 4 in the mold sheet 4, so that the form-fitting connected structure of Figure 3 results between the two mold films. It is understood that this insertion is possible either by elastic deformation of the mold films 4 itself or in that at least one of the two compound compounds used remains elastically yielding, for example, a corresponding foam.
FIG. 14 shows different cross sections of shaped films.

The shaped film 4 of FIG. 14a) is meander-shaped in such a way that its projections expand toward the closed side respectively and narrow their recesses towards the open side.

In the case of the forming film 4 according to FIG. 14b), which is formed with vertical side walls in each case, the positive engagement is produced by forming the side walls with thickenings 40.

The same applies to the forming film 4 according to FIG. 14c), which is sawtooth-shaped in cross-section and is formed with thickenings 40 which ensure that in the sawtooth-shaped recesses formed in cross-section in each case is entangled therein or is positively received.

The embodiment of the forming film 4 according to FIG. 14d) connects the cross sections of FIGS. 14b) and 14c).

In particular, the embodiments according to FIGS. 14b) and 14c) are suitable for the double-form film structure of FIG. 3 (indicated on the right in FIG. 14d)).

FIG. 15 shows plan views of different shaped films.

The molding film according to FIG. 15 a) is wave-shaped or meander-shaped and has mutually parallel grooves 42, which are separated by projections 44.

The embodiment of the shaped film according to FIG. 15b) has checkerboard-like, alternating recesses or bulges 46 and projections 48.

The embodiments according to FIGS. 15c) to 15e) likewise have depressions 46 and projections 48 arranged in different ways, the depressions 46 being shown in each case as circles and the bulges 48 as dark disks.

It is understood that the not shown in Figure 15, extending between the wells and projections approximately perpendicular to the paper plane side walls are formed such that form the undercuts. All illustrated foils, for the design of which there are numerous other possibilities, can be used as single-form foil or double-foil.

The mold sheets according to FIGS. 14b-14d and 15d are not exemplary embodiments of the invention, but examples which facilitate an understanding of the invention.

The shaped films can be made of a wide variety of materials, for example thermoplastic films, plastic films polymerizing in a mold, etc. Metallic films are also suitable in principle

The invention is suitable according to Figure 16 for all applications in and around a building, for example, the entire inner surfaces and outer surfaces and balconies. As As will be further explained, the invention is suitable for forming moisture barriers, gas barriers, thermal insulation, sound and foot insulation, and the like, or integrated into the installation of coverings such as tiles, plate elements, and the like.

FIG. 17 shows an example of how a shaped film 4 can be applied to a plaster or directly on masonry 26 by means of an elastically or rigidly hardening bonding compound 24. With the help of the bonding compound 24 uneven surfaces of the masonry 26 can be smoothed, so that the mold film 4 then extends a total flat and is suitable for attaching other components. The mold film 4 may be formed so as to form a moisture barrier. The connecting mass 24 may be formed such that it contributes to sound insulation.

Figure 18 shows connecting components, as they are used in the connection system according to the invention as auxiliary components. FIG. 18 a) shows connecting components 50 that are wavy or meander-shaped on one side surface and that run flat on the opposite side surface. The filling of the connecting members 50 may be inherently rigid or to some degree elastically yielding. The production of the connecting components 50 can be carried out such that the finished connecting component is produced in a mold or optionally extruded or, as explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2, is introduced into a, for example, rectangular shape with a flat bottom hardening material in the from one side a molding film is pressed. After curing, the connection component provided with the molding film can then be removed.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 18b), the connecting component 50 is formed meander-shaped alternately with projections and recesses on two opposite side surfaces.

The plate members 50 and 52 of Fig. 18, when the filling material is, for example, styrofoam, have excellent thermal insulating effects. The use of heavy and internal friction fillers provides excellent soundproofing properties. When using Rigips as filler a good balancing effect is achieved.

FIG. 19a) shows a connecting component 54 which is flat on one side and provided with alternating bulges and projections on the other side, the connecting element being very flat overall, since the bulges or recesses extend as far as the flat rear side of the connecting component. Again, the connecting member 54 may be made in a mold as a slightly elastic molded article, such as foamed plastic, or may be made by using a molded sheet connected to a base plate with filler interposed therebetween, the filler material bonding to the base plate received.

FIG. 19b) shows two connection components 54 which are connected to one another and / or inserted in a form-fitting connection.

FIG. 20 shows different applications of the previously described structures.

Figure 20a) shows a structure in which a plate member 16, for example, a floor tile, with the interposition of a plate member 50 is mounted as a footfall plate on a floor 60. The connection between the plate member 16 and the connecting member 50 can be done as well as the connection between the plate member 50 and the bottom 60 directly via curable bonding compounds 22 or also in that on the plate 16 and the bottom 60, a molding film is attached by means of the bonding compound , whereby the structure can be dismantled in a simple manner. Similarly, between the plate member 50 and the bottom 60 and the plate member 16, a connecting member, as shown in Figure 19, are arranged.

FIG. 20b) corresponds to FIG. 15a; the thick wavy line should make it clear that work is done with two mold films 4. It is understood that only at the top or bottom of the plate member 50 can be used with two mold films 4.

FIG. 20c) shows a structure in which a wooden floor 62 is glued to a connecting component 54 according to FIG. 14a, which connecting component 54 is on a substrate, for example a stone floor, for example directly via hardening bonding compound 22 is attached.

The embodiment according to FIG. 20b) corresponds to FIG. 20c), again working with a double shaped foil 4.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 20e), a carpet 62 is fastened to a base 60 with the interposition of a forming film 4, the connection being able to take place, for example, similar to FIG. 2 or by using one or two connecting components 54 according to FIG again the use of two mold films between the carpet 62 and the bottom 60 at.

It is understood that the prescribed structures are only exemplary and the system according to the invention with the mold engagement between projections and recesses and advantageously by interposing one or more mold films numerous modifications and applications possible.

FIG. 21 shows a plate element 16 provided on its rear side with a forming film 4 and a background 64 provided with a forming film 4. The grooves of the two mold films 4 run perpendicular to each other. In order to be able to fasten the plate element 16 to the base 64, a connecting element 66 (FIG. 21c) is provided, which has two bar elements which are arranged at right angles to one another and are rigidly interconnected at their peripheries, which are dimensioned such that they fit into the grooves of the forming foils 4 fit. As is readily apparent, the plate member 16 may be secured to the substrate 64 by, in accordance with elastic design, clip the rod members of the connector 66 into the grooves of the mold film or insert them laterally. With the help of the connecting element 66, it is further possible, the plate member 16 relative to the substrate 64 (which may also be a plate-shaped member) to move in the direction of the rod members 68 and 70.

It is understood that the plate member 16 and the substrate 64 need not necessarily be provided with mold films, but may be formed as moldings, in which the meandering groove structure is integrated.

FIG. 22a) shows a spacer component 72 which is formed overall by a flat part which has a spacer bar 74 which ends in meander-shaped projections 76, which are designed such that they have a structure corresponding to the substrate 64 of FIG can be clipped by grooves on which plate elements 16 are attached. As can be seen immediately from FIG. 22c), the spacer web 16 arranged between the plate elements 16 advantageously serves to define the distance between the plate elements 16, if they are displaceable in the horizontal direction according to FIG.

According to FIG. 22b), the spacer component 70 is additionally provided with a web 78 running at right angles to its spacer web 74, so that, according to FIG. 22c), a spacer cross results, with which the relative position of four plate elements can be determined.

Fastening elements which can be used on a meandering structure of recesses and projections, as given, for example, by a shaped film, will be explained with reference to FIG.

FIG. 23 a) shows a cross-section and plan views of a fastening element 80, which has a projection 82 that is matched in its shape to the recesses of a molding film and an end face 84 which is rectangular or round or otherwise formed in plan view. According to FIG. 23b), the projection 82 can be clipped into a recess of a shaped foil 4.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 23c), the projection 82 is divided or has a spreader hole into which an expansion screw 84 can be screwed, so that the fastening element 80 can be inserted first into a recess of a molding film with its projection without the need for elastic deformation and then under Screwing the expansion screw 84 is spread open, so that it is held firmly in the mold sheet or a corresponding recess.

For many applications, it is advantageous to cover a large area with mold film or to join mold films together at a mutual angle. With reference to Figure 24, a connector for mold films will be explained.

Figure 24 shows a connector for connecting two initially juxtaposed forming films 4. The connector 86 has arranged on its opposite sides receiving shafts 88, which are interconnected via an intermediate part 90. Each receiving shaft has a top wall 92 and a bottom wall 490, between which an insertion slot for insertion of the forming film 4 is formed. The upper wall 92 visible in FIG. 24a) only in cross-section, the lower wall 94 and the insertion slot formed between them are respectively shaped in accordance with the shaped foil 4 to be inserted. The intermediate part 90 is made of flexible material, so that the two receiving shafts 88 can be arranged at an angle to each other (see Figure 24b).

Figure 24c shows an embodiment of the connector 86, wherein the intermediate part 90 is shortened and rigid.

Figure 24e) shows a perspective view of the connector 86 of Figure 24c) at a small angle to the insertion direction. Visible are the corrugated upper wall and the corrugated lower wall with the web formed as an intermediate part 90. The formed on the top and bottom grooves 96 advantageously correspond to those of the forming film 4 (Figure 24f).

The connector 86 of Figures 24a) and d) allows the connection of mold films in the direction of the groove course. FIG. 24e) shows an embodiment of a connector 86 with which two adjacent shaped foils can be connected, which are arranged side by side perpendicular to the course of the groove.

As can be seen from FIG. 24, it is possible through the plug connectors to join individual shaped films into a large film surface, with the formation of the connectors on their top and bottom with grooves 96 making it possible, for example, to attach tiles in the region of the connectors as well as in FIGS Area of the form foils. The insertion slot corresponds in its cross section to that of the shaped films, so that they are firmly held. The entire, large-area structure can thus be made watertight.

FIG. 25 shows an example of how a bottom trough, for example a shower tray, can be produced with the forming film 4 according to the invention, which on the one hand is reliably watertight and on the other can be tiled, the tiles being easily replaceable.

According to FIG. 25 a), a forming tool 98 is provided whose contour corresponds to the negative contour of a tray to be produced. On the upper side of the molding tool 98, a molding film 4 is applied in such a way that it rests flat against the upper side of the molding tool 98. This can be done, for example, in the formation of the mold film 4 made of thermoplastic material, characterized in that the mold film 4 is slightly heated in the region of any edges of the mold 98, so that the mold film forms corresponding edges. In the state of FIG. 25 a), a base plate 100 is applied to the upper side of the forming foil 4 located on the upper side of the forming tool, this base plate 100 advantageously also being made of thermoplastic material, so that it is heated by appropriate heating and for example by means of forming dies (not shown). be brought into direct contact with the mold film 4 and can be welded to the mold film. Alternatively, curable bonding compound can be applied to the upper side of the molding film 4, which bonds at least to the base plate 100 during curing.

After completion of the structure described this is removed from the mold 98 upwards and vice versa, so that the tub acc. Fig. 25b) is formed. This trough is reliably watertight, being integrally formed, and can be tiled in the manner described with reference to the preceding examples. It is understood that the trough 102 may be formed such that it is only partially covered with the molding film, so that the base plate 100 is directly visible in partial areas. The base plate is advantageously pulled up at their edges, so that, for example, a shower tray that is easily sealed against walls is created.

A further example is described with reference to FIG. 26 of how a fl exible body can be produced in a simple manner. Gem. Fig. 26a) formed as a molding film 4 with sufficient inherent rigidity base plate is folded like a cardboard by their Edge areas are raised so that a bottom 110 is formed, projecting from the side walls 112. For better foldability, the base plate 106 in the region of the resulting fold lines or edges is advantageously flattened with an example heated punch 113 (Fig. 26b) and c).

To connect the side walls 112 of the resulting box-like body, a corner connector 114 is produced, for example, by deforming a molding film or as a molded part, which has in the illustrated area three mutually perpendicular, integrally formed walls 116 which correspond to the grooves of the bottom 110 and the side walls 112 have corresponding grooves.

The corner connector 114 can be connected to the box from the inside or outside by clipping the respective grooves enabling a positive connection. In preferred additional use of an adhesive creates a tight tub, which can be covered in a simple manner, for example, by a prescribed method inside and / or outside with tiles. It is self-evident that the positive connection can also be produced by depressions and projections designed differently than grooves (compare FIG.

Fig. 27 shows an example of the production of a grooved molding film 4.

Two intermeshing forming rolls 120, whose outer periphery is formed with grooves, rotate to feed a sheet of thermoplastic material. The required between the forming rollers through film 122 is formed as a result of formed in the forming rollers grooves and appropriate temperature to a corrugated foil 124, which has alternately up and down grooves with at least constant or expanding width. The corrugated foil slides over a table 126 and moves between two transport rollers 128 whose circumferential speed is lower than that of the forming rollers 120, so that the corrugated foil moving on the table 126 is compressed. In the area between the forming rollers 120 and the transport rollers 128 heaters 130 are provided which heat the corrugated foil 126. As a result of the compression, the grooves are reshaped so that they are formed with the undercuts, which are visible in particular in Figs. 1 to 3.

In this way, the mold film 4 is produced.

Advantageously, the direction of movement of the film behind heaters 130 cooling means (not shown) are provided to stabilize the molding film, Further, the surfaces of the transport rollers are designed so soft that their investment in the molding film, this is not deformed or overstressed.

It is understood that depending on the design of the mold film different manufacturing methods can be applied.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

4

shaped foil

6

head Start

8th

head Start

12

recess

14

recess

16

panel member

18

wood panel

20

wire clamp

22

connecting material

24

connecting material

26

masonry

28

plasterboard

30

stabilizing layer

32

Through Hole

34

coating

36

elastically yielding filler

38

filler

40

thickening

42

groove

44

head Start

46

deepening

48

head Start

50

plate member

52

plate member

54

connecting member

60

ground

62

carpet

64

underground

66

connecting element

68

rod element

70

rod element

72

spacer component

74

distance web

76

projections

80

fastener

82

head Start

84

expander

86

Connectors

88

receiving shaft

90

intermediate part

92

mold

94

stamping device

96

floor pan

Claims (20)

1. Method for detachably affixing a planar component (16) to a sub-surface (18; 26), in particular a tile to a wall or on a floor,
   by which method a first shaped foil (4₁) provided with projections (6, 8) and recesses (12, 14) is affixed to the sub-surface,
   a second shaped foil (4₂) with projections that correspond to the recesses of the first shaped foil is inserted in the first shaped foil (4₁), so that the second shaped foil (4₂) is non-displaceably retained in the first shaped foil in a direction parallel to the shaped foils,
   a hardening connecting material (22), which connects with the planar component when hardening, is applied to the second shaped foil (4₂) provided with projections (6, 8) and recesses (12, 14) and/or to the planar component (16) and the planar component is subsequently pressed onto the second shaped foil, so that the hardened connecting material, which is at least partially received in the recesses of the second shaped foil, non-displaceably retains the planar component thereon in a direction parallel to the second shaped foil,
   characterized in that:

   the first shaped foil (4₁) is formed with alternating projections (6) and recesses (12), wherein, starting from the peaks of adjacent projections, the interior cross-section of the recesses initially narrows, and after a narrowest point (e) expands, in order to then narrow again to the bottom of the recess, so that the recesses are formed such that their cross-sectional surface in a portion of the recesses narrows in the direction of increasing distance from the sub-surface, and

   the shape of the second shaped foil (4₂) is the same as the 180°-rotated first shaped foil (4₁), whose recesses and projections are differently formed such that they are interconnectable by means of undercuts in the recesses and projections of the second shaped foil (4₂) with reference to a direction perpendicular to the pressed-into-each-other shaped foils (4₁, 4₂), so that, with reference to a displacement of the planar component from the sub-surface, a form-fit results between the two pressed-into-each-other shaped foils and between the two shaped foils and the planar component when the connecting material has hardened.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first shaped foil (4₁) is affixed to the sub-surface by applying a hardening connecting material (24) to the sub-surface, into which hardening connecting material (24) the first shaped foil is pressed, wherein the hardening connecting material connects with the sub-surface and a form-fit connection is produced between the sub-surface and the shaped foil by the hardened connecting material received in the recesses of the shaped foil facing the sub-surface.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and the second shaped foils (4₁, 4₂) are formed such that their form-fit is detachable by a movement of the second shaped foil (4₂) away from the first shaped foil (4₁) with elastic deformation.
4. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hardenable connecting material (22) does not bond with the shaped foils (4₁, 4₂).
5. Shaped foil for use with a method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the shaped foil (4) is formed with alternating projections (6) and recesses (12), wherein, starting from the peaks of adjacent projections, the interior cross-section of the recesses initially narrows, and after a narrowest point (e) expands, in order to then narrow again to the bottom of the recess, and
   the projections (6) and recesses (12) of the shaped foil (4) are differently shaped such that the recesses and projections of one foil piece (4₁) of the shaped foil (4) are interconnectable by means of undercuts in the recesses and projections of the other foil piece (4₂) of the shaped foil, which other foil piece (4₂) is rotated by 180° with respect to a direction perpendicular to the pressed-into-each-other foil pieces.
6. Shaped foil according to claim 5, characterized in that the projections (6) and recesses (12) are formed such that the width (a) of each recess in the area of the narrowest point is less than the width (b) of each projection in the area of its widest point.
7. Shaped foil according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the projections (6) protrude by an amount (h) above the respective widest point of the projection, which amount (h) is less than the depth (t) of the recesses (12) measured from their respective narrowest point.
8. Shaped foil according to claim 7, characterized in that the shaped foil (4) is formed such that, in the direction of insertion, intermediate spaces (132) remain between the inner sides of the recesses and the outer sides of the projections of the pressed-into-each-other foil pieces (4₁,4₂),
9. Shaped foil according to one of the claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the shaped foil (4) is formed such that the pressed-into-each-other foil pieces (4₁, 4₂) are accommodated in each other without deformation.
10. Shaped foil according to one of the claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the undercuts are overcomeable by elastic deformation of the material of the shaped foil (4).
11. System for detachably affixing a planar component (16) to a sub-surface (18; 26), in particular a tile to a wall or to a floor, comprising:

    a shaped foil (4) provided with alternating projections (6) and recesses (12), wherein, starting from the peaks of adjacent projections, the interior cross-section of the recesses initially narrows, and after a narrowest point (e) expands, in order to then narrow again to the bottom of the recess, so that a first foil piece (4₁) of the shaped foil (4) is affixable to a sub-surface and a second, by-180°-rotated foil piece (4₂) of the shaped foil (4) is insertable in the first foil piece (4₁) and is thereby retainable by a form-fit, wherein the projections and recesses of the shaped foil are differently shaped such that the recesses and projections of the second foil piece are receivable in one another with undercuts in the recesses and projections of the first foil piece with reference to a direction perpendicular to the pressed-into-each-other foil pieces, and

    a hardenable connecting material (22), which is applicable to the planar component and/or the second shaped foil (4₂) and which connects with the planar component in the hardened condition, and after pressing of the planar component, the hardened connecting material retains the planar component in a form-fit manner in a direction of displacement from the second shaped foil in the state of being at least partially received in the recesses of the second shaped foil.
12. System according to claim 11, characterized in that the hardenable connecting material (22) does not bond with the shaped foil (4).
13. System according to claim 11, comprising a plate component having at least one surface with alternating projections and recesses, which plate component is insertable in the shaped foil.
14. System according to claim 11, comprising a connecting component (54) having a surface provided with alternating projections and recesses, and a flat side, on which at least the deepest points of the recesses nearly abut.
15. System according to claim 11, comprising a connecting element having two rod elements (68, 70) for engaging in groove-shaped recesses of components to be interconnected, said rod elements being arranged at right angles relative to each other and being rigidly interconnected and their axes are spaced from each other.
16. System according to claim 11, comprising a spacer component (72) having a spacer bridge (74), from which protrude projections (76) that are insertable in recesses.
17. System according to claim 11, comprising a fastening element (80) having a projection (82) for engaging a recess of a component.
18. System according to claim 11, comprising a plug connector (86) for two shaped foils having at least one receiving shaft (88) for insertion of a shaped foil, said receiving shaft being formed by an upper wall (92) and a lower wall (94), wherein the upper and the lower walls and an insertion slot, which is formed between said walls, are adapted to correspond to the shaped foil.
19. System according to claim 11, comprising a tub body (102) whose inner side is formed at least partially with alternating projections and recesses such that the volumes of the recesses are received in a form-fit manner with respect to a direction perpendicular to an extension of the surface of the tub body.
20. System according to claim 11, comprising a corner connector (114) for connection of walls (110, 112) comprised of shaped foils, in particular walls of a housing formed by folding over a shaped foil along folding lines extending at an angle relative to each other, said connector including wall segments (116) directed in accordance with the direction of the walls to be connected and comprising projections and recesses corresponding with those of the walls.

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