EP1381817B1 - Cooling element for cooling a metallurgical furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a cooling element for cooling a metallurgical furnace, in which the side of the furnace shell (113, 213, 313) that faces the interior of the furnace (Oi) is lined with fireproof material (114, 214, 314). Said element has a cooling part (2, 102, 202, 302) and a heating part that is cooled by thermal conduction (4, 104, 204, 304), and allows a protective layer against further clinker ("freeze-line") to form immediately in operating mode. The entire heating part consists only of a thin plate (5, 105, 205, 305), to which a separate cooling part (2, 102, 202, 302) is allocated on the cold side in the form of a pipe. The invention also relates to corresponding cooling systems and to a melting furnace.

Description

The invention relates to a cooling element for cooling a metallurgical furnace, in particular the slag and / or the metal zone of this furnace, wherein the Oven armor of the furnace on its side facing the furnace interior with Refractory material is delivered, and the cooling element with a coolant flowed through cooling part, which has a coolant inlet and outlet, as well as a thermally conductive cooled hot part, wherein the hot part of the Cooling element in the installed state flush with the in the furnace interior completing facing front side of the refractory material. In addition, the invention relates a system for cooling a metallurgical furnace, which consists of at least one of these cooling elements, as well as one with such System equipped furnace.

Such metallurgical furnaces are used in the production of non-ferrous metals and pig iron. For this purpose, round or rectangular ovens are used, where the required energy over self-baking electrodes from Söderberg type is introduced. In many cases, the melting process begins by introducing the energy over a free-burning arc, after Formation of a foamed slag is immersed in this. When the electrodes in the immerse conductive, liquid slag, the radiated energy is complete by resistance heating of the slag transferred to the metal bath. In in other cases, only part of the energy is by means of resistance heating the slag introduced into the metal bath. The energy transfer is through reaches small arcs extending between the electrode and the surrounding Make the pillar of a carpenter ("brush arcing"). In both cases there is a hot, liquid slag of about 1,400 to 1,700 ° C due to thermal and magnetic effects in the furnace vessel circulates. The thermal circulation in particular by buoyancy forces due to density changes Cooling excited on the furnace wall.

By this circulation of the slag towards the furnace wall it comes to the furnace wall - And also because of the chemical attack by the slag - too a particularly high wear of the refractory material with which the Lining furnace is lined. This wear only then comes to a standstill if for a given heat load the furnace wall made of refractory material is so well cooled that on its hot side - i. to the oven interior pointing side - a crust of solidified slag forms. Such Crust is known by the term "freeze line". This solidified slag layer protects the refractory material from further slag erosion or corrosion and is thus a desirable protective layer. The higher the melting performance of the furnace and thus the dissipated heat flows are the more However, thinner is the remaining wall thickness of the refractory material.

Higher melting power densities (kW / m ² hearth area) occur in particular when existing ovens, the introduction of electrical power to be increased in order to increase productivity, but for cost reasons, the hearth should not be increased accordingly. In addition to the retrofitting of existing furnaces, the problem also arises in newly built ovens, which should have a higher power density in relation to the known ovens.

To generate this protective layer (freeze-line) despite high heat flows or as thick as possible, is from the conference report "Furnace Cooling Design for Modern High-Intensity Pyrometallurgical Processes, "the Copper 99-Cobre 99 International Conference, Vol. V, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1999 by N.Voermann, F.Ham, J.Merry, R.Veenstra and K.Hutchinson to remove, to use cooled copper body in the refractory furnace wall. In addition to so-called "fingers" and "plate coolers" is in particular the use so-called "waffle coolers" proposed. Such "waffle coolers" are made of copper with cast-in tubes plate-shaped body, the provided on its hot side with dovetailed grooves and ribs are. In these grooves are used stones of refractory material or refractory masses pulped. The cooling effect of the ribs in the "waffle coolers" causes direct contact of the refractory material with liquid slag forms the desired "freeze line". While such "waffle coolers" advantageously assume a supporting function, they have a disadvantage as a disadvantage Weight and the resulting high production costs.

"Finger" and "Plate Cooler" are described by D. Tisdale, D. Briand, R. Sriram and R. McMeekin, in "Upgrading Falconbridge's No. 2 Furnace Crucible." in Challenges in Process Intensification, Montreal PQ, Canada, Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, 1996. Under fingers are understood copper tubes with a round cross-section. It turns out but as difficult to introduce such pipes in the cuboid refractory bricks. This disadvantage, the known plate cooler not on. These but - like the fingers - have to be heavy and massive, because their dimensions are determined by the diameter of the holes running in them intended for the cooling water, making the production costly power. Fingers, plate coolers as well as the waffle coolers penetrate in new condition not the entire thickness of the refractory furnace wall, but need still masonry in front of her furnace-side front wall. Moreover, they remain without connection to the outer wall of the furnace, the so-called tank, so one Forced by different thermal expansion of the refractory masonry and the tank is avoided.

From E. Granberg, G. Carlsson, "Development of a Device for Cooling the Safety Zone in the Electric Arc Furnace", Presented and Published at the 3 ^rd European Electric Steel Congress, 2-4 October 1989, Bournemouth, are known cooling elements for the safety zone in electric furnaces for steel production, the effect of which is based on the heat transfer from the hot side inside the furnace to a cooling medium outside the furnace shell.

US-A-1724098 discloses a cooling plate for provided with refractory lining Shaft furnaces, consisting of copper with arranged coolant channels and provided with the oven interior pointing cooled by heat conduction copper flat bars.

DE-A-2924991 discloses a cooled Oven wall element consisting of several for the coolant flow interconnected Pressure pipes, which at the furnace interior pointing vertex with heat conductors in shape are provided by welded flat iron bars.

The cast copper cooling element comprises a water-cooled connection part, on which several massive plate coolers are arranged like a comb, which enters the interior of the oven protrude. Refractory material is placed between the plate coolers. The connecting part is located outside the furnace shell. Thickness and center distance of the plate coolers can be varied. The disadvantage of this solution is that when training with thin plate coolers the load on the hot side becomes very large, associated with the Danger of oxidizing the copper and a loss of thermal conductivity while with a training of thicker plate coolers the material costs rise and an unbalanced one Cooling is the result.

The invention is therefore based on the object, a cooling element and a cooling system to provide for a metallurgical furnace, while avoiding the above Disadvantages has a hot side, which immediately forms a freeze-line in the operating state. In addition, an oven is to be provided, when equipped with such System has a high mechanical stability.

This object is achieved by a cooling element with the features of claim 1, cooling systems with the features of claims 8 and 9 and a furnace with the features solved according to claims 15 and 16. Advantageous further developments are in the subclaims disclosed.

According to the invention it is proposed that the entire hot part as a - single - plate is formed, and that the plate cold side, i. at its leading from the inside of the oven Side, a separate, provided with Kühlmittelzu- and drain - the only - refrigerator is assigned, wherein the cooling part is a tube and the plate with their from the furnace interior pioneering side permanently attached to the pipe parallel to the pipe axis.

In contrast to the known solutions, a cooling element of a single plate formed, to which a separate and independent of other cooling elements cooling part arranged is. In this way, a favorable ratio of the area of the hot part to Area of the refrigerator part achieved, combined with favorable cooling properties. therefore forms in the operating state directly on the hot side of the cooling element, i. on the facing towards the furnace interior front side of the refractory material and the Front side of the plate, quickly a protective layer or freeze-line.

The connection is via a full connection, preferably by welding, to Granted a good heat transfer. Advantageously, the cooling element from a copper plate and a copper tube and parts of standard size, which are available in stock, what the material and especially the processing costs considerably reduced. Overall, in this way a versatile, created cost-effective and reliable cooling element. Of special Another advantage is that the components used (plate, tube) due to their production (Rolls, extrusions) no coarse-grained cast structure identify, but a uniform, fine-grained structure. This requires better thermal conductivity properties and less tendency to crack or spread.

Preferably, the plate is designed to be very thin in the sense of a sheet. The plate thickness includes ranges of 10 to 40 mm, preferably 20 to 40 mm.

To distort the thin plate or the sheet due to different thermal To avoid expansion over the plate surface, it is suggested the plate or slit the sheet perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cooling tube. Due to the separation in individual independent plate strips and also because of the small thickness a flexible adaptation to expansion movements of the refractory material is achieved. This also has the particular advantage that the formation of insulating air gaps between the refractory material or masonry and the plate is avoided.

The slot spacings are preferably introduced uniformly. Recommend it Distances of about 100 to 400 mm with slot widths of 2-5 mm.

In the proposed cooling systems, the following types may result: Type I cooling system with vertically arranged cooling elements, their cooling part or pipe is arranged outside of the furnace shell; Cooling system according to type II with vertically arranged cooling elements, the cooling part or tube inside the furnace shell is arranged; Cooling system according to type III with horizontally arranged Cooling elements, the cooling part or pipe outside the furnace shell is arranged; Type IV cooling system with horizontal cooling elements, whose cooling part or pipe is arranged inside the furnace shell.

Depending on the melting power density and the distance electrode to the Oven wall, the cooling systems are designed by choosing the geometry the plates and / or the distance between the hot side and the cooling part and / or the distance of the plates to each other. In relation to known Plate coolers, the plate of the hot part is thin. The distance between Hot side and cooling part, i. the pipe is relatively short. Preferably the plate has a rectangular geometry.

In such cooling systems, the vertical or horizontal distance of Cooling elements to their next adjacent cooling element according to or a multiple of the height or width format of refractory bricks measured as refractory material. This has in the horizontal arrangement the advantage that the number of superimposed cooling elements be adapted flexibly to the height of the slag zone or the metal zone can. Cutting work on the refractory bricks is omitted; the installation effort sinks.

Preferably, it is proposed that the cooling elements of a cooling system on the water side series-connected in series, the coolant outlet of a Cooling element - if necessary via a rigid connecting pipe or flexible connecting lines - With the coolant inlet of an adjacent cooling element connected is. The number of cooling elements connected in series depends on the available cooling water quality and / or the permissible maximum temperature of the cooling water.

The furnace construction, in particular the furnace wall, according to the invention to be adapted to the individual cooling systems and their characteristics. For a Type III cooling system, a round or rectangular melting furnace is proposed, whose furnace armor in the region of the cooling zone in the direction of the furnace interior is pulled in formed and the bulkhead plates to support the now having projecting upper portion of the furnace part. This furnace shell construction achieved that the weakening of its mechanical load capacity due to the necessary for the cooling elements horizontal slits with relative small vertical distance is compensated.

In a horizontal arrangement in the furnace armor slots with one of horizontal expansion of the cooling element corresponding length introduced. The height of the slots is advantageously chosen so that the respective cooling element the unavoidable thermal expansion of Refractory material can participate without being in this movement through the Schlitzober- or lower edge to be obstructed. It therefore arises a relatively high height of the slots.

In the case of the type IV cooling system, only smaller ones are required in relation to type III Openings and thus weak spots in the furnace shell for the coolant outlet -zuläufe the cooling part or the pipe are introduced. In this solution the static load capacity of the furnace shell is only slightly reduced. An increase in the carrying capacity is still offset by the staggered Arrangement of stacked cooling elements possible.

The cooling systems of the type I and II are particularly suitable for rotary furnaces. The geometry of the plates, specifically their length, is preferably at the height adapted to the slag zone. Type I, which is the plate of the hot part extends through the furnace shell and the cooling part or pipe outside of the furnace shell, one can through the vertical slots in its stability weakened furnace armor to absorb the hoop stresses from the thermal expansion of the refractory material by ribs or rings mechanically reinforced, it being ensured that the vertical slots in the furnace shell a free movement of the integrated into the refractory material Allow cooling elements in particular upwards.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht eines Ausschnitts eines erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Kühlelements, das sich aus einer Platte und einem Rohr zusammensetzt;

Fig. 2

einen Querschnitt des Kühlelementes nach Fig. 1 längs der Linie A-A;

Fig. 3

einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Ofenwand mit integriertem Kühlsystem des Typs III und eingeformten Ofenpanzer;

Fig. 4

einen Horizontalschnitt B-B durch eine Ofenwand mit einem Kühlsystem nach Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Ofenwand mit integriertem Kühlsystem des Typs IV;

Fig. 6

einen Horizontalschnitt B-B durch eine Ofenwand mit einem Kühlsystem nach Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

die Darstellung eines Kühlsystems nach dem Typ IV, wobei die übereinander liegenden Kühlelemente versetzt angeordnet sind;

Fig. 8

einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Ofenwand mit integriertem Kühlsystem nach Typ I.

Further details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the following description in which the embodiments of the invention shown in the figures are explained in more detail. In addition to the combinations of features listed above, features alone or in other combinations are essential to the invention. Show it:

Fig. 1

a side view of a section of a cooling element according to the invention, which is composed of a plate and a tube;

Fig. 2

a cross section of the cooling element of Figure 1 along the line AA.

Fig. 3

a vertical section through a furnace wall with integrated cooling system type III and molded furnace shell;

Fig. 4

a horizontal section BB through a furnace wall with a cooling system of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

a vertical section through a furnace wall with integrated cooling system of the type IV;

Fig. 6

a horizontal section BB through a furnace wall with a cooling system of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

the representation of a cooling system according to the type IV, wherein the superimposed cooling elements are arranged offset;

Fig. 8

a vertical section through a furnace wall with integrated cooling system according to type I.

Fig. 1 shows a section of a cooling element 1, which is composed of a coolant, for example cooling water, by flowing cooling part 2 in the form of a tube 3 with an inner diameter d _i and a wall thickness d _w and a cooled only by heat conduction hot part 4. The hot part 4, which is thus not traversed by cooling water, consists of a thin plate 5 made of copper, which is referred to below as copper sheet. The tube 3 is also made of copper and corresponds to a standard copper tube or standard size. The copper sheet is welded with its cold side longitudinal side 6 to the pipe jacket 7 parallel to the tube longitudinal axis and is, starting from the hot side 8, provided with slots 9 which extend in the embodiment shown to the weld 10. The incident on the hot side 8 heat from the furnace interior O _i is discharged by means of heat conduction through the copper sheet to the tube 3 and here to the pipe 3 flowing through the coolant. The undisturbed heat transfer enabling full connection between copper sheet and tube 3 - here in the form of the weld 10 - is also clear in Fig. 2. The copper sheet is relatively thin, preferably between 20 to 40 mm thin. Advantageously, also copper sheet of a standard size is used. In combination with the slots 9 results in a flexible copper sheet, which allows a high heat transfer and at the same time can participate in thermal expansion of the refractory material.

The arrangement of a plurality of cooling elements 101 to a cooling system is shown in Fig. 3. In the cooling system of the type III shown here (11) For example, the cooling elements 101 are arranged horizontally, i. as a copper sheet trained hot part 104 is installed in the furnace wall 112 so that the Plate plane extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the furnace.

The furnace wall 112 is composed of the furnace shell 113 and refractory material 114, with which the furnace is delivered on its side facing the furnace interior O _i side. In the embodiment shown here, the furnace shell 113 is lined with refractory bricks 115 of a certain height H _F and filled in the transition to the refractory bricks 115 with refractory ramming mass 116. The individual cooling elements 101 are arranged in the cooling zone, that the hot side 108 of the thin copper plate 105 and the copper sheet, ie the exposed directly to the furnace atmosphere end face, when installed flush with the in the oven interior O _i facing end face 117 of the refractory bricks 115 concludes, ie there is no refractory material in front of the front side of the copper plates necessary.

The cooling elements 101 are each at a distance in this embodiment of two refractory bricks 115 arranged one above the other, wherein the Lining each held by a stone anchor 118 on the furnace tank 113 becomes. By their construction and the arrangement between the refractory bricks the cooling elements are largely self-supporting, what fasteners saves.

The each copper sheet associated copper pipes 103, the one Forming cooling channel 119 are disposed outside of the furnace shell 113. At the End of each tube 103 are pipe sections 120, 121 and transitions to Kühlmittelzuläufen 122 and coolant drains 123 provided, see. For this Also Fig. 4. Overall, is formed by the favorable ratio of the area of the Hot part 104 to the surface of the cooling part 102 of the individual cooling elements 101st along the hot side of the lining quickly a protective layer or freeze-line 124 (it's just a section of the freeze-line shown) off. To this Way is the residual wall thickness of not attacked by erosion refractory bricks 115 tall.

Since the copper tubes 103 of the individual cooling elements 101 are outside the furnace shell 113, 113 corresponding openings 125 and slots are introduced into the furnace shell, which are slightly longer than the copper sheet length and the height H _{Ö may} not be too low, so that the copper sheet during movements the refractory bricks 115 in the slot opening 125 is not hindered. In order to compensate for the weakening of the furnace shell 113 due to the opening, the furnace shell 113 is curved inwardly in the region of the cooling zone formed by the cooling system 11, which may correspond approximately to the slag zone (see FIG. Forces acting on the furnace shell 113 of higher-lying parts of the furnace construction 126 are collected via bulkhead plates 127 and forwarded downwards.

The metal zone following below the slag zone can also be be formed with such a cooling system 11 or - as shown here - with a trickle cooling 128 acting externally on the furnace shell 113. For this purpose, the furnace shell 113 is pointing away from the inside of the furnace Enclosed side so that a gap 129 is formed. Cooling water is using a feed tube 130 so introduced into the space 129, it along the outside of the furnace shell 113 trickles down.

The arrangement of the above-mentioned bulkhead plates 127 is shown in particular in FIG. 4 clearly shows a horizontal section through the cooling system shown in Fig. 3 11 in the furnace wall 112 of a melting furnace along the line B-B- shows. The Length of the copper tubes 103, the values between one meter and several Meters, or even below one meter, corresponds to about the length of the copper sheet.

The above-described cooling system type III (11) with outside of the furnace shell lying copper pipes is used in particular in smelting furnaces, the delivered with refractory material, which at high temperatures with Water reacts, such as magnesium oxide. Unless an arrangement of cooling water pipes inside the furnace shell are accepted can, is a cooling element system according to type IV (12) is used, which in Fig. 5 and 6 is shown in more detail. Fig. 5 shows a vertical section through a Oven wall 212, while Fig. 6 is a horizontal section.

The copper pipes 203 with the cooling passage 219 of the cooling elements 201 are inside the refractory ramming mass 216 arranged between the furnace shell 213 and the refractory bricks 215 is located. As with the cooling system according to type III (11), the thin plates 205 and copper plates are between individual refractory bricks 215 arranged. The furnace armor 213 will with openings 225 for the passage of the two pipe sections 220, 221 for the respective coolant inlet 222 and the respective coolant outlet 223 each copper tube 203 provided. Although in this cooling system 12 of Braided armor 213 is weakened much less, bulkheads 227 can to Increasing the stability can be provided (see Fig. 6), located on the cold side of the furnace shell 213 in the furnace vessel 230.

An increase in stability is also achieved in a type IV (12) refrigeration system by an offset arrangement of the superimposed layers achieved by cooling elements 201, which is shown with Fig. 7. Fig. 7 shows - of seen the cold side of the furnace shell - a cooling system of the type IV (12) with inside lying copper tubes 203 arranged one above the other horizontally Cooling elements 201 of a first, second, third and fourth levels. about a common feed channel 231 enters cooling water through the inlet pipe sections 220, which protrude through respective openings in the furnace shell, in the copper tubes 203 of the cooling elements 201 of the first and lowest levels, respectively exit through corresponding outlet pipe sections 221 again. In the However, here shown embodiment, the cooling water does not escape immediately, but is overlying - also embedded in the refractory ramming mass - Connecting pipes 232 to the inlet pipe sections 220 of the copper pipe 203 of the cooling elements 201 of the next higher level transported. This cooling water transport will continue until the copper pipes 203 of the cooling elements 201 of the fourth or highest level flows through are and the cooling water through outlet pipe sections 221 and cooling water drains 223 exits into a common return channel to from there into a Cooling water recooling system (not shown) to be performed.

Cooling systems of the type III (11) and IV (12) find especially in rectangular ovens Use, while cooling systems according to the type I and II in particular to be used in rotary ovens. A vertical section of cooling elements of a Type I (13) system, Fig. 8 shows this type of refrigeration system the cooling elements 301 are arranged in the furnace wall so that the Plane of the plates 305 and the longitudinal axis of the copper tubes 303 parallel to Furnace longitudinal axis runs. The cooling part 302 and the copper tube 303 of each Cooling element 301 is located outside of the furnace shell 313. The length The copper sheets preferably correspond to the height of the slag zone. With 309 are designated the slots of the copper sheet. For installation of the cooling elements 301 are in the furnace tank 313 narrow, but in the vertical direction long openings 325 or slots introduced. The furnace shell 313 is preferably reinforced by ribs or rings 335a, b.

Claims (17)

1. A cooling element for cooling a metallurgical furnace, whereby the furnace shell (113,213,313) of the furnace is lined on its side facing the furnace interior (O_i) with fireproof material (114,214,314), consisting of a cooling part flowing with coolant (2,102,202,302), which has a coolant supply (122,222,322) and a coolant discharge (123, 223, 323), as well as a heating part (4,104,204,304) cooled by heat conduction, whereby the heating part of the cooling element when in the built-in state terminates flush with the front side (117) of the fireproof material (114,214,314) pointing into the furnace interior (0,), characterised in that the entire heating part is designed as a plate (5,105,205,305), and that this plate (5,105,205,305) is assigned on the cold side a separate cooling part (2,102,202,302), whereby the cooling part is a pipe (3,103,203,303) and the plate (5,105,205,305) with its side facing away from the furnace interior (O_i) is arranged undetachably on the pipe (3,103,203,303) parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe.
2. The cooling element as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the plate (5,105,205,305) is arranged on the pipe (3,103,203,303) with a full connection.
3. The cooling element as claimed in any one of Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the plate (5,105,205,305) has a thickness of 10 to 40 mm, preferably 20 to 40 mm.
4. The cooling element as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the plate (5,105,205,305) has slots (9,309) running vertically to the longitudinal axis of the pipe (3,103,203,303), which, viewed from the plate side not attached to the pipe, are put in place in the direction of the pipe in the plate.
5. The cooling element as claimed in Claim 4, characterised in that the distances of the slots (9,309) are regular and the slots (9,309) extend to the pipe (3,103,203,303).
6. The cooling element as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the pipe (3,103,203,303) has a length of one meter to several meters.
7. The cooling element as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that both the plate (5,105,205,305) forming the heating part and the pipe (3,103,203,303) forming the cooling part are made of copper or another heat-conducting material.
8. A system for cooling a metallurgical furnace with at least one cooling element as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, whereby the furnace shell (113,213) of the furnace is lined on its side facing the furnace interior (O_i) with fireproof material (114,214), and whereby each cooling element has a cooling part (102,202) flowing with coolant, which has a coolant supply (122,222) and a coolant discharge (123,223), and also comprises a heating part (104,204) cooled by heat conduction and whereby the heating part of the cooling element when in the built-in state terminates flush with the front side (117) of the fireproof material (114,214) pointing into the furnace interior, characterised in that the heating part designed as a single plate (105,205) is incorporated in the furnace wall (112) formed by furnace shell (113,213) and fireproof material (114,214) such that the plate plane extends vertically to the longitudinal axis of the furnace (horizontal arrangement).
9. The system for cooling a metallurgical furnace with at least one cooling element as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, whereby the furnace shell (313) of the furnace is lined on its side facing the furnace interior (O_i) with fireproof material (314), and whereby the each cooling element has a cooling part (302) flowing with coolant, which has a coolant supply (322) and a coolant discharge (323), and also comprises a heating part (304) cooled by heat conduction, and whereby the heating part of the cooling element when in the built-in state terminates flush with the front side pointing into the furnace interior of the fireproof material, characterised in that the heating part designed as a single plate (305) is incorporated in the furnace wall formed by furnace shell (314) and fireproof material (314) such that the plate plane extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the furnace (vertical arrangement).
10. The system as claimed in Claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the cooling part (202) flowing with coolant of each cooling element (201) is arranged on the side of the furnace shell (213) facing the furnace interior (O_i).
11. The system as claimed in Claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the cooling part (102,302) flowing with coolant is arranged on the side of the furnace shell (113,313) facing away from the furnace interior (O_i).
12. The system as claimed in any one of Claims 8 to 11, characterised in that the geometry of the plates (105,205,305) and/or the distance between hot side (108) and cooling part (102) and/or the distance of the plates (105,205,305) of the cooling elements from one another are laid out according to the melt capacity density.
13. The system as claimed in any one of Claims 8 to 12, characterised in that the distance of the plates (105,205,305) from adjacent cooling elements (101,201,301) is calculated as fireproof material according to the or a multiple of the height (H_F) or respectively the width format of fireproof stones (115,215).
14. The system as claimed in any one of Claims 8 to 13, characterised in that the coolant discharge of a cooling element is connected to the coolant supply of an adjacent cooling element (201).
15. A melting furnace with a system as claimed in Claims 8 and 11 for cooling the slag and/or metal zone with at least one cooling element as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that with a horizontal arrangement of several layers of cooling elements (101), which form a cooling zone, and with an arrangement of the cooling part (102) flowing with coolant on the side of the furnace shell (113) facing away from the furnace interior (O_i) the furnace shell (113) is removed from the mould retracted in the region of this cooling zone in the direction of the furnace interior (O_i), and that it is supported by means of sheet construction, in particular by means of ballast sheets (127), for conveying vertical forces above the cooling zone.
16. The melting furnace with a system as claimed in Claims 9 and 11 for cooling the slag and/or metal zone with at least one cooling element as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that with a vertical arrangement of several cooling elements (301), which form a cooling zone, and with an arrangement of the cooling part (302) flowing with coolant the furnace shell (313) is reinforced by ribs (335a, b) or rings on the side of the furnace shell (313) facing away from the furnace interior (O_i).
17. The melting furnace as claimed in Claim 15 or 16, characterised by a round furnace (O_R) or rectangular furnace (O_Re) for making non-ferrous metals or pig iron or by an electric arc furnace for making steel.

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