EP1352233A2 - Resonant microwave sensor - Google Patents
Resonant microwave sensorInfo
- Publication number
- EP1352233A2 EP1352233A2 EP02700148A EP02700148A EP1352233A2 EP 1352233 A2 EP1352233 A2 EP 1352233A2 EP 02700148 A EP02700148 A EP 02700148A EP 02700148 A EP02700148 A EP 02700148A EP 1352233 A2 EP1352233 A2 EP 1352233A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- microwave
- waveguide
- spiral conductor
- microwave sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
Definitions
- the invention relates to a resonant microwave sensor for determining properties of a material to be examined by means of the high-frequency measurement of a reflection factor
- a microwave feeder for supplying the high-frequency signal
- the measurement of material properties with microwave sensors by evaluating resonance frequencies and the quality of a resonance curve, which is recorded by applying a wobbled high-frequency signal to the microwave sensor, is well known.
- the signal with variable frequency is coupled into the microwave sensor and the resonance frequency and, if necessary, the quality is determined.
- German utility model 297 16 639 U1 a microwave stray field sensor for moisture and / or density measurement is described, in which a moist dielectric material is introduced into the resonator and the density and moisture of the material is determined by shifting the resonance frequency.
- the wavelength at the location of the generation of the resonance signal is significantly less than in the free space of the resonator.
- the resonator is designed as a wire loop, which is surrounded by a thin dielectric.
- the resonator is formed from a circular dielectric ceramic body, the microwaves being coupled into the resonator via coaxial lines and capacitive coupling pins.
- US Pat. No. 3,946,308 describes a microwave sensor for moisture measurement which consists of a dielectric resonator with a metallic conductor made of a solid dielectric material, and an inlet and an outlet antenna.
- DE-OS 24 54 788 A1 discloses a method and a device for determining the moisture of a gaseous medium.
- This document describes the basic procedure for measuring the moisture of a medium using the circular quality of a resonance curve.
- a microwave oscillation of variable frequency that is to say a wobbled signal, is coupled into the resonator and is coupled out again separately therefrom.
- the amplitudes of the coupled vibrations are measured and recorded as a function of the frequency with constant amplitudes of the coupled vibrations.
- the problem with the known resonant microwave sensors which are based on the reflection method, consists in scattering losses, broadband and the size.
- the known microwave sensors can also not be optimally integrated into structures for in-situ measurement of the characteristic material properties.
- the object of the invention was therefore to create an improved generic resonant microwave sensor.
- the task is solved by a spiral conductor which is arranged within the sensor waveguide.
- spiral conductor as a resonant metallic helix allows the construction of a compact sensor waveguide as a resonator.
- the resonance frequency of the microwave sensor can also be set using the spiral conductor.
- the sensor waveguide as a resonator is preferably a cylindrical tube, the microwave feeder being arranged, for example, as a coaxial waveguide on a first end face of the sensor waveguide.
- the second end face of the sensor waveguide is open so that the material to be examined can penetrate the resonator.
- the properties of the material to be examined such as the relative air humidity, can be determined in a known manner.
- the resonance frequency and quality of the sensor waveguide are calculated from the reflection factor R.
- the spiral conductor preferably extends in the longitudinal direction of the sensor waveguide.
- the spiral conductor is preferably held by a carrier and centered in the sensor waveguide.
- an intermediate layer is advantageously provided between the first end face of the sensor waveguide and the spiral conductor.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer determines the coupling factor.
- the quality of the sensor can be adjusted with the intermediate layer.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer should be chosen so that the greatest possible coupling is achieved.
- the resonance frequency of the microwave sensor is largely determined by the dimension of the spiral conductor.
- an additional coupling layer is provided between the spiral conductor and the substance to be examined or a sensitive layer in the region of the second end face of the sensor waveguide.
- the thickness of the coupling layer determines the coupling of the spiral conductor to the material to be examined and thus the measurement sensitivity.
- the frequency of the wobbled signal for exciting the microwave sensor should be less than the cutoff frequency of the microwave sensor.
- the length of the sensor waveguide should be sufficiently large to avoid radiation to the outside and thus scattering losses.
- the carrier and the intermediate layer are preferably made in one piece.
- the intermediate layer and / or the carrier consists of Teflon.
- FIG. 1 Schematic representation of the microwave sensor according to the invention
- FIG. 2 - schematic representation of the microwave sensor according to the invention with intermediate layer and coupling layer;
- FIG. 4 diagram of the amount of reflection factor for various measured relative air humidities
- Figure 5 Diagram of the resonance shift depending on the relative humidity as a calibration curve for the microwave sensor.
- FIG. 1 shows a resonant microwave sensor 1 according to the invention, which is installed with a sensor waveguide 2 as a resonator in the material 3 to be examined.
- the microwave sensor 1 essentially consists of a microwave feeder 4 in the form of a coaxial waveguide and the sensor waveguide 2 as a resonator.
- a helical conductor 5 is arranged in the sensor waveguide 2 and extends in the longitudinal direction of the sensor waveguide 2.
- the spiral conductor 5 is a resonant conductive helix.
- the sensor waveguide 2 is filled with a material 6, which is sensitive to the substance or property of the material 3 to be examined.
- a material 6 which is sensitive to the substance or property of the material 3 to be examined.
- the wobbled high-frequency signal is applied to the microwave sensor 1 in a frequency range adapted to the material 3 to be examined and the microwave sensor 1, and the reflection factor r is measured in a known manner.
- the sensor waveguide 2 is coupled to the microwave feeder 4 on a first end face 7 and is open on the second end face 8.
- the substances to be detected can penetrate into the sensor waveguide 2 through the open second end face 8, for example by diffusion or through the gas phase.
- the dielectric properties of the sensitive filling of the sensor waveguide 2 are changed and the characteristic sizes of the resonator, that is called the resonance frequency and quality, detuned.
- the dimensions of the sensor waveguide 2 as a resonator are in conventional round waveguide resonators essentially by the cut-off frequencies f Q
- Natural waves of the circular waveguide (E or H waves) and the dielectric constant and permeability of the filling of the sensor waveguide 2.
- the length of the sensor waveguide 2 can be variable.
- the radius of the sensor waveguide 2 is determined approximately according to the equation E waves.
- the radius of the sensor waveguide 2 is determined approximately according to the equation H waves
- the sensor waveguide 2 can be made much more compact by attaching the helix 5 in the sensor waveguide 2.
- the re- The resonance frequency of the resonator is essentially determined by the dimensions, that is to say by the wire length, the radius and the pitch of the helical conductor 5.
- FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the microwave sensor, in which an intermediate layer a, preferably made of Teflon, is arranged between the first end face 7 of the sensor waveguide 2 and the spiral conductor 5.
- This intermediate layer a is used to adjust the distance and thus the coupling between the microwave feeder 4 and the helical conductor 5.
- the quality of the microwave sensor 1 can essentially be adjusted with the intermediate layer a.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer should be chosen so that the greatest possible coupling is achieved. This allows the measurement dynamics to be increased.
- the spiral conductor 5 can be held on the intermediate layer a with a carrier centrally in the sensor waveguide 2.
- the carrier can be formed integrally with the intermediate layer a.
- the second layer b is essentially determined by the height of the spiral conductor 5 and essentially determines the resonance frequency.
- a coupling layer c is provided above the spiral conductor 5, which determines the coupling of the spiral conductor 5 to the sensitive material 9 for the detection of the substance to be measured and thus the sensitivity of the measurement.
- the thickness c of the coupling layer and the thickness d of the sensitive material 9 must be selected to be sufficiently large in order to emit, i.e. Avoid scatter from the sensor waveguide 2.
- the structure of the microwave sensor 1 is shown again in cross section in FIG. 3. It can be seen here that the microwave feeder 4 is screwed into the sensor waveguide 2, which is provided with a microwave plug, in the form of a flexible coaxial waveguide. It is still the one Intermediate layer a with the integrally connected support for the spiral conductor 5 and the spiral conductor 5 can be seen.
- the microwave sensor 1 is preferably used in a frequency range from 1 to 6 GHz.
- the wire diameter of the spiral conductor 5 is preferably approximately 0.2 mm and the ratio of the diameter to the pitch of the spiral conductor 5 is in the range of approximately 75.
- FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the amount of reflection factor for different relative air humidities depending on the frequency. It becomes clear that the resonance frequencies shift depending on the relative air humidity, with an increase in the relative air humidity resulting in a reduction in the resonance frequency. It can also be seen that the quality of the resonator decreases with increasing relative humidity.
- a calibration curve for the microwave sensor can be determined from the measured reflection factors, which is plotted in FIG. 5 as a resonance shift as a function of the relative atmospheric humidity. Using the calibration curve, it is possible to infer the relative air humidity directly from the resonance frequency in subsequent measurements.
- the use of the microwave sensor 1 is not limited to the use as a moisture sensor. It can also be used to measure material properties that lead to a change in the dielectric properties of the sensitive material in the sensor waveguide 2.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10102578 | 2001-01-20 | ||
DE10102578A DE10102578C2 (de) | 2001-01-20 | 2001-01-20 | Resonanter Mikrowellensensor |
PCT/DE2002/000054 WO2002057762A2 (de) | 2001-01-20 | 2002-01-10 | Resonanter mikrowellensensor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1352233A2 true EP1352233A2 (de) | 2003-10-15 |
Family
ID=7671242
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02700148A Withdrawn EP1352233A2 (de) | 2001-01-20 | 2002-01-10 | Resonant microwave sensor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6798216B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1352233A2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2002233155A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10102578C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002057762A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6917726B2 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2005-07-12 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Zero-mode clad waveguides for performing spectroscopy with confined effective observation volumes |
US7302146B2 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2007-11-27 | Pacific Biosciences Of California, Inc. | Apparatus and method for analysis of molecules |
US7170050B2 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2007-01-30 | Pacific Biosciences Of California, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for optical analysis of molecules |
US7836910B2 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2010-11-23 | Rain Bird Corporation | Soil moisture sensor and controller |
DE102006036190A1 (de) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-14 | Technische Universität Braunschweig Carolo-Wilhelmina | Schaltungsanordenung zur Erzeugung eines mit einer Oszillationsfrequenz oszillierenden elektromagnetischen Signals |
DE102006036188B4 (de) * | 2006-08-01 | 2011-06-16 | Franz Ludwig Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH | Resonanter Mikrowellensensor |
RU2331894C1 (ru) * | 2007-02-14 | 2008-08-20 | Открытое акционерное общество Научно-производственная Компания "Высокие Технологии" | Способ измерения диэлектрических характеристик материальных тел и устройство для его реализации |
EP3269824A1 (de) | 2008-03-28 | 2018-01-17 | Pacific Biosciences Of California, Inc. | Zusammensetzungen und verfahren zur nukleinsäuresequenzierung |
IT1391515B1 (it) * | 2008-09-26 | 2011-12-30 | Giuseppe Cristini S P A Sa | Dispositivo e metodo per la misura della permeabilita' all'acqua di un materiale |
US8829924B2 (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-09-09 | Smart Autonomous Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring physical properties |
NL1041088B1 (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-05-19 | Stichting Wetsus Centre Of Excellence For Sustainable Water Tech | Method and device for measuring dielectric properties of a fluidum in a modified coaxial stub resonator. |
RU2559840C1 (ru) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-08-10 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-воздушных сил "Военно-воздушная академия имени профессора Н.Е. Жуковского и Ю.А. Гагарина" (г. Воронеж) Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Свч-способ определения осажденной влаги в жидких углеводородах |
FI127021B (fi) | 2014-06-02 | 2017-09-29 | Senfit Oy | Anturi, mittalaite ja mittausmenetelmä |
NO20140689A1 (no) * | 2014-06-03 | 2015-12-04 | Roxar Flow Measurement As | Cutoff regulator |
CN113740353B (zh) * | 2021-07-31 | 2022-10-14 | 西南大学 | 一种基于衬底集成波导双重入式谐振腔的差分湿度传感器 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4432687A1 (de) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-03-21 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Feuchtesensor und dessen Verwendung |
EP0948078A2 (de) * | 1998-04-02 | 1999-10-06 | Space Systems / Loral, Inc. | Mit Spiralen belastete monomodige und dualmodige Hohlraumfilter |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5718136B2 (de) | 1973-11-27 | 1982-04-15 | ||
DE2917471A1 (de) * | 1979-04-30 | 1980-11-06 | Bruker Analytische Messtechnik | Probenkopf fuer endor-triple-experimente |
SU1171704A1 (ru) * | 1982-02-08 | 1985-08-07 | Государственный Научно-Исследовательский Энергетический Институт Им.Г.М.Кржижановского | Устройство дл измерени влажности материалов |
FI844061L (fi) * | 1984-10-16 | 1986-04-17 | Kemira Oy | Foerfarande och anordning foer maetning av fukthalten eller torrsubstanshalten av aemnen. |
JP2805009B2 (ja) * | 1988-05-11 | 1998-09-30 | 株式会社日立製作所 | プラズマ発生装置及びプラズマ元素分析装置 |
FR2674623B1 (fr) * | 1991-03-29 | 1993-06-04 | Alcatel Fibres Optiques | Dispositif de mesure en continu et sans contact de l'epaisseur d'une mince couche conductrice sur un support isolant, du genre fibre ou ruban, qui defile. |
US5455516A (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 1995-10-03 | Thermedics Inc. | Meter and method for in situ measurement of the electromagnetic properties of various process materials using cutoff frequency characterization and analysis |
US5334941A (en) * | 1992-09-14 | 1994-08-02 | Kdc Technology Corp. | Microwave reflection resonator sensors |
RU2084877C1 (ru) * | 1993-04-28 | 1997-07-20 | Производственно-коммерческая фирма "Вест компани лимитед" | Способ измерения влажности на свч (варианты) |
DE19650112C1 (de) * | 1996-12-03 | 1998-05-20 | Wagner Int | Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Messen eines Pulver-Massestromes |
DE29716639U1 (de) | 1997-09-16 | 1999-01-21 | Tews Elektronik, 22459 Hamburg | Mikrowellen-Streufeldsensor zur Feuchte- und/oder Dichtemessung |
-
2001
- 2001-01-20 DE DE10102578A patent/DE10102578C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-10 US US10/240,595 patent/US6798216B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-01-10 WO PCT/DE2002/000054 patent/WO2002057762A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-01-10 AU AU2002233155A patent/AU2002233155A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-01-10 EP EP02700148A patent/EP1352233A2/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4432687A1 (de) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-03-21 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Feuchtesensor und dessen Verwendung |
EP0948078A2 (de) * | 1998-04-02 | 1999-10-06 | Space Systems / Loral, Inc. | Mit Spiralen belastete monomodige und dualmodige Hohlraumfilter |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of WO02057762A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10102578A1 (de) | 2002-08-01 |
DE10102578C2 (de) | 2003-01-09 |
US20030137313A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
WO2002057762A2 (de) | 2002-07-25 |
AU2002233155A1 (en) | 2002-07-30 |
WO2002057762A3 (de) | 2002-12-05 |
US6798216B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 |
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Legal Events
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RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: 7G 01N 22/04 A |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: JACOB, ARNE,PROF.DR.-ING. Inventor name: JANNSEN, BERT, DIPL.-ING. |
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