EP1239087A1 - Quick coupling - Google Patents

Abstract

Rapid coupling to fit a tool e.g. with a rotating mechanism, at the jib (3) of a hydraulic excavator, has a linear guide at the energy circuit coupling (13). On coupling, it brings the two energy coupling points (14,15) in linear movement to each other. Linear guide has guide units at the job side and the tool side, to be brought together when the energy coupling is closed, and especially before two energy coupling points are brought together.

Description

The present invention relates to a quick coupling for coupling a Tool on the boom of a hydraulic excavator and the like, with a boom-side quick coupling part and a tool-side quick coupling part, which can be locked together via a pair of spaced locking axes are, as well as an energy circuit coupling, in particular hydraulic coupling, for coupling a tool-side power connection to a boom side Power connection, the power circuit coupling on the boom side Has energy coupling part and a tool-side energy coupling part, the on the quick coupling part on the boom side or the quick coupling part on the tool side are arranged so that they automatically couple with each other, as soon as the two quick coupling parts around a first of the two locking axes be pivoted into their locking position.

Swivel type quick couplings are widely used in hydraulic excavators because they can easily and quickly change different tools such as hydraulic grippers, Grave clearing spoons, gripping tongs and the like are allowed. For coupling only needs one of the two locking axes positioned and engaged to be brought. This can advantageously be a cross bolt that is in a hook-shaped eyelet is attached to the opposite coupling part. thereupon can the boom-side coupling part relative to the tool to the already in Engaged locking axis are pivoted, thereby the locking position to find in which the second locking axis are locked can. The latter is usually formed by a pair of locking bolts, the apart and in corresponding locking holes on the opposite Can retract the quick coupling part.

Such a swivel type quick coupling is known from WO 91/01414, in which an automatic hydraulic coupling is provided, which when swiveling together of the two quick coupling parts automatically one on the boom side Coupling the energy circuit with an energy circuit on the tool side. There are two energy coupling parts provided, one of which is on the boom-side quick coupling part and the other is attached to the quick coupling part on the tool side, in such a way that the two energy coupling parts swivel together of the two quick coupling parts around the first already locked locking axis driven against each other and brought into engagement. One of the two Energy coupling parts can be moved on the corresponding quick coupling part mounted to the circular movement of the quick coupling parts when swiveling together compensate.

However, this known quick coupling is insufficient in several respects. The Energy coupling parts couple when the quick coupling parts are moved together not clean, so that oil leakage and thus soil contamination occur can. By tilting the energy coupling parts, they are subject to great damage Wear and can even be damaged.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of an improved To create a quick connector of the type mentioned, the disadvantages of the stand avoids technology and further develops the latter in an advantageous manner. In particular an improved arrangement of the energy coupling is to be created, a leak-free and trouble-free coupling of the boom and tool side Energy circles allowed.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a quick coupling according to claim 1 solved. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, the energy coupling parts are moved exactly linearly on one another. A linear guide is provided for the energy coupling parts that the Energy coupling parts against the circular swivel movement to a Relative movement to each other along a straight line forces. To compensate To enable the pivoting movement is at least one of the two energy coupling parts on the corresponding quick coupling part movable relative to this stored. In a further development of the prior art, however, it is provided that that the movably mounted energy coupling part pivots when Movement of the quick coupling parts is compensated and moves exactly that between the two energy coupling parts there is an exactly linear movement he follows.

In a development of the invention, the linear guide has at least one on the boom side Guide element and at least one tool-side guide element, which come into engagement with one another when the energy circuit coupling is closed before the two energy circuit coupling parts, in particular their connection connectors, engage with each other. The linear guide arrives at the Swiveling movement of the two quick coupling parts around the already locked one first locking axis as the energy coupling parts in and out of engagement. The However, the guide elements of the linear guide engage before the Connection connectors of the energy coupling parts, so that the linear guide of the Energy coupling parts is ensured from the start. There can be no canting take place and a precise linear movement over the entire coupling distance of the energy coupling parts is ensured. In particular, the guide elements the linear guidance of the actual energy coupling elements d. H. the connector pieces separately formed components. However, they are preferred firmly arranged on the energy coupling parts or they can be molded onto them his.

The linear guide can basically be designed differently. Possibly can be a link guide for the movably mounted energy coupling part or be provided for the movably mounted energy coupling parts. It can also a cam-like control of the movement of the movable energy coupling parts be provided. In a further development of the invention, however, are preferred at least as guide elements on one of the energy coupling parts a guide pin and at least one on the other energy coupling part Guide hole provided. The guide pin slides when it is pushed together the energy coupling parts fit precisely into the complementary guide bore, thereby ensuring a linear movement. Preferably a Pair of spaced guide pins and associated guide holes provided, the connection connectors between the guide bolts or guide holes can be arranged. The guide bolts extend with its longitudinal axis parallel to the direction in which the connection connectors can be pushed together. As connection connectors, the Energy coupling parts known female and male connector pieces have that can be pushed into each other.

The guide pin or pins of the linear guide preferably have a special one Shaping that is tilted when inserted into the complementary guide hole prevented. In particular, each of the guide bolts can be rounded Head, a cylindrical guide section and a constriction have provided between the head and the cylindrical guide portion is. In the area of the constriction, the guide pin has one opposite reduced diameter to the head or to the guide section. The rounded head can also be inserted into the guide hole with a slight angular offset be inserted. Alignment or compensation of the angular misalignment takes place when the cylindrical guide surface axially spaced from the bolt head also comes into engagement with the guide bore.

At least one of the two energy coupling parts is relative to the associated one Quick coupling part movably supported. Preferably only one is movable stored while the other rigidly attached to the other quick coupling part is. This results in a simple arrangement, which is nevertheless the necessary one Compensation of the swiveling movement allowed.

The mobility of the storage of the corresponding energy coupling part is preferably multi-axis. In particular, the storage of the energy coupling part at least one tilting movement about a to the first locking axis parallel axis and a movement in a direction perpendicular to allow the first locking axis. It preferably also allows one Sliding movement parallel to the first locking axis and / or a tilting movement about a tilt axis perpendicular to the first locking axis. At a such extensive movable storage can also lateral offset z. B. as a result be compensated for by inaccuracies during assembly. In addition, the Arrangement of the energy coupling parts made cheaper due to coarser tolerances become.

In a development of the invention, one of the two energy coupling parts is on one Spring device, in particular mounted on a pair of compression springs. The compression springs can be rigidly attached to the corresponding quick coupling part and jointly carry the corresponding energy coupling part. By deforming the The spring device compensates for the swiveling movement relative to the corresponding one Quick coupling part.

In order to achieve a safe moving together of the energy coupling parts, a limitation of the spring travel in the direction of the clutch movement is provided his. In a further development of the invention, a pressure tappet can be provided on which the movable power coupling part is tiltable and / or slidably seated on.

The plunger preferably has a rounded head which is approximately centric between the spring elements of the spring device on the energy coupling part can attack. The pressure tappet presses in the final stage of the coupling movement the two energy coupling parts securely and firmly on top of each other. advantageously, the ram can be variable in length. In particular, the Pressure plunger must be resilient to avoid damage and a Allow tolerances to be compensated, the spring constant of the pressure plunger much harder than that of the resilient mounting of the energy coupling part can be. In a further development of the invention, the pressure tappet can be used as a hydraulic tappet be trained, d. H. it is in its extended position by pressure medium extendable or preloadable. This can preferably towards the end of Coupling movement or after the energy coupling parts have completely moved together given greater pressure on the movably mounted energy coupling part be so that the energy coupling parts reliably in their retracted Be held.

The hydraulic pressure with which the pressure tappet is used is particularly advantageous holds the two energy coupling parts together, to the respective operating conditions customized. The force that holds the energy coupling parts together always chosen so large that the parts are held together at all times without play become. On the other hand, the maximum force is not constantly used, that would be sufficient to hold the parts together under all operating conditions. The latter is disadvantageous in the case of a solution by means of a spring. Should he The pressure tappet must hold the energy coupling parts together with spring force alone the spring must be dimensioned so large that it is the energy coupling parts under all conditions holds together, so that far too large forces over long distances would work. In the case of a hydraulic tappet, the pressure force can be advantageous can be varied.

In particular, the pressure tappet can be supplied with pressure medium from one of the pressure medium circuits to be coupled, ie the pressure tappet is acted upon by the pressure fluid which is coupled to the tool and passed on via the energy coupling. As a result, the holding force increases depending on the working pressure of the tool. In an advantageous development of the invention, the area ratio between the effective cylinder effective area of the pressure tappet, which is acted upon by the pressure medium, to the effective connector area, that is to say the effective flow cross-section leading through the coupling, which is acted upon by pressure medium perpendicular to the coupling direction in the area of the connectors, is greater chosen as 1. An advantageous embodiment may be that the area ratio of about _^5/4. Due to this area ratio, the holding force exerted by the pressure tappet is always greater than the maximum force that the energy coupling tries to push apart. If the operating pressure in the pressure medium lines to be coupled increases, the force acting on the pressure tappet and thus the holding force also increases. Several pressure medium connectors are usually provided. Likewise, several plungers can be provided. In this case, the ratio of the sum of the effective cylinder effective areas and the sum of the connector areas is selected in the manner described above.

In a development of the invention, the cylinder of the pressure ram or can Cylinder of the pressure tappet with several, in particular all, pressure medium lines of the pressure medium circuit to be coupled can be brought into flow connection. Is preferably between the pressure medium lines and the cylinder or cylinders switched a valve arrangement, which ensures that always that of Pressure medium lines, which has the highest pressure, in connection with the pressure tappet stands. This ensures that the plunger is always sufficient with the great pressure is applied. The pressure medium lines can be used as a valve arrangement be connected in pairs via shuttle valves, so that The greater pressure always prevails, so to speak.

The pressure tappet can come from different sections of the pressure medium circuit be fed. It is possible to connect the pressure medium circuit on the boom side with the Connecting plunger. The fluid connectors are usually with leakage protection provided so that the pressure tappet can already be operated, if the connectors are not yet connected, by extending the Tappet the connectors are connected. In a preferred embodiment of the invention however, the cylinder or cylinders from the tool-side pressure medium circuit fed here, i.e. they are only pressurized when the Energy circuit coupling and especially their fluid connectors moved together are and have the connectors coupled.

In a further development of the invention, the energy circuit coupling parts can also be provided in relation to the swiveling movement of the quick coupling delayed start up. This can be achieved simply by the hydraulic actuation of the pressure ram is carried out with a time delay.

A separate hydraulic circuit for actuating the pressure tappet can be provided his.

The movably mounted energy coupling part and thus the pressure tappet can always be arranged on the boom side. In development of the invention, however they are provided on the tool side.

Between the pressure tappet and the energy coupling part acted upon by it it must be ensured that relative movements can take place, both Tilting movements as well as displacement movements perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the Pressure plunger. On the one hand, the movably mounted energy coupling half is the same Swiveling movement of the quick coupler halves, in so far as from the circular path movement a linear movement is made. In addition, as a result of Game and the like relative movements. To allow for this offset are the pressure tappet and the energy coupling half acted upon by it relative to one another movable. In order to be able to transmit large forces nevertheless, can be provided be that the pressure plunger is provided with a pressure cap on the front has a flat face so that it is full and flat on the main flat energy coupling part can sit on. To allow tilting movements is preferably provided that the pressure cap and plunger complement each other have curved surfaces with which they sit on one another, so that the Can tilt the pressure cap on the plunger itself and still a flat connection is provided.

In order to hold the two energy coupling parts securely together even in rough operation, can alternatively or in addition to the hydraulic pressure tappet a positive Locking of the two energy coupling parts can be provided. In Further development of the invention can be provided, the guide pin of the linear guide to lock when this is inserted into the complementary guide hole is. In particular, a movable cross bolt can be provided which is mounted in the energy coupling part, the said guide hole having. The locking cross bolt can preferably be acted upon hydraulically. Advantageously, the cross bolt with the constriction of the guide bolt interact, d. H. if the guide pin is completely in the The guide hole is retracted, the locking cross pin becomes tangential to Guide hole retracted so that it protrudes into the guide hole, and in the area where the constriction of the guide pin is located.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a separate latch for positive locking Locking of the two energy coupling parts in their coupled Position should be provided. A locking flap is preferably provided. to The latch can be actuated by a preferably hydraulically operated actuating cylinder be provided. The latch can be spring loaded so that it fits into its locking position is biased. As a result, the actuating means only needs can be operated to unlock.

In a development of the invention, in addition to the linear guide, a pre-centering for the two energy coupling parts when swiveling the quick coupling parts together intended. The pre-centering aligns the two energy coupling parts Before intervening the linear guide so far that the corresponding Guide elements of the linear guide can interlock as intended. This has particular advantages when swiveling together during careless operation of the two quick coupling parts the first locking axis is not precisely adjusted or completely retracted. In this case misalignment can occur of the energy coupling parts that occur when moving together Damage to the power circuit coupling could result. Corrected the pre-centering also excessive misalignments of the power coupling parts relative to corresponding quick coupling part, the z. B. due to the movable storage at least one of the energy coupling parts can occur.

The pre-centering can be designed differently. It preferably has one Couple sliding together when swiveling the quick coupling parts Centering surfaces, one of which is on the movably mounted energy coupling part is provided. The other of the interacting centering surfaces can be provided on the other energy coupling part. In development of the invention it can be arranged on the opposite quick coupling part. In particular, they are arranged such that they engage before the linear guide devices.

In a development of the invention, in addition to the pre-centering, a swivel guide be provided, which ensures that the two quick coupling parts only in their target orientation to each other, d. H. if the first locking axis is working properly is aligned, can be pivoted together. The Swivel guide prevents damage to the hydraulic coupling when moving together of the quick coupling parts with offset. In the latter case, the Connection pieces or the guide bolts of the energy coupling parts also with Drive offset on one another and cause damage. The swivel guide preferably has provided on the massive swivel coupling parts themselves Guide surfaces on, if the quick coupling parts are properly aligned when swiveling together about the first locking axis glide past or slide on each other. You can be centered be so that when swiveling together the two quick coupling parts in their target orientation to each other, in which the first locking axis properly is aligned, press. The guide surfaces advantageously prevent it especially when the energy coupling parts are already engaged have come together, moving the two quick coupling halves to each other before the second locking axis is locked. Such an offset would inevitably result in damage to the energy coupling. In particular The guide surfaces can be designed in such a way that, as soon as they are pushed over one another are, with the first, hook-shaped locking axis cooperate, so that an offset or slipping of the Quick coupling halves to each other is prevented.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the energy circuit coupling an assembly unit that can be retrofitted to the two quick coupling parts. It is not an integral part of the quick coupler. The energy circuit coupling is preferably designed such that already existing ones Quick couplers can be retrofitted.

To ensure good accessibility of the energy circuit coupling, in Development of the invention, the energy circuit coupling outside the locking axes of the two quick coupling parts. The energy circuit coupling in this case is not difficult to access between the two locking axes, but can e.g. B. can be easily reached for cleaning. moreover it is not the one that is prone to collecting dirt and dirt Clearance between the two locking axes.

In a further development of the invention, the energy circuit coupling is within abutting surfaces the quick coupling part on the tool side and / or the cantilever side Quick coupling part arranged, in particular such that in the separate Condition of the two coupling parts, the energy circuit coupling parts are not knock on the floor when the corresponding quick coupling part hits the floor is discontinued. Preferably, the two quick coupling parts can each two spaced, substantially perpendicular to the locking axes support pieces have and the energy coupling parts between two belonging together Support pieces can be arranged transversely to these. They are protected Area between the vertical support pieces of the quick coupling parts. The carrier pieces of the quick coupling parts slide in the area the locking axes one inside the other or one above the other. In particular, it can Contrary to the prior art, the quick coupling part on the boom side is free of a base plate extending parallel to the locking axes the energy coupling part would be arranged. This avoids that Place the coupling part on the boom side with its base plate on the ground the energy coupling part arranged thereon is pressed into the ground.

In a development of the invention, the two energy coupling parts are each in the essentially plate-shaped. On the plate-shaped carrier of the energy coupling parts are the male or female connector pieces already mentioned, which form the power connections. Can be spaced from this the guide bolts or guide bores are rigidly attached or incorporated his.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Schnellkupplung nach einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung, die ein Paar mechanische Schnellkupplungsteile sowie eine Hydraulikkupplung aufweist, wobei die mechanischen Schnellkupplungsteile nur mit einer von zwei Verriegelungsachsen in Eingriff sind und die Hydraulikkupplung noch nicht gekuppelt ist,

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Schnellkupplung aus Fig. 1, wobei die Schnellkupplungsteile im zusammengeschwenkten Zustand mit gekuppelter Hydraulikkupplung dargestellt sind,

Fig. 3

eine Seitenansicht der Schnellkupplung aus Fig. 1, wobei die Schnellkupplungsteile nur mit einer von zwei Verriegelungsachsen in Eingriff sind,

Fig. 4

eine vergrößerte Teilschnittansicht der Schnellkupplung, die die Hydraulikkupplung zeigt, kurz bevor deren zwei Energiekupplungsteile miteinander in Eingriff geraten,

Fig. 5

eine Teilschnittansicht ähnlich Fig. 4, wobei die Hydraulikkupplung in einer anderen Schnittebene gezeigt ist, in der die weiblichen und männlichen Konnektorstücke der Kupplung zu sehen sind,

Fig. 6

eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht der Hydraulikkupplung, die den Eingriff der Linearführung der Hydraulikkupplung zeigt, kurz bevor die Hydraulikkupplung vollständig gekuppelt ist,

Fig. 7

eine Frontansicht der Hydraulikkupplung in Schnittdarstellung, die die Hydraulikkupplung im vollständig verriegelten Zustand zeigt,

Fig. 8

eine Schnellkupplung nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung, bei der beide Energiekupplungsteile der Hydraulikkupplung beweglich gelagert sind,

Fig. 9

eine Detailansicht eines an einer schwenkbaren Lasche schwenkbar gelagerten Energiekupplungsteiles nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, und

Fig. 10

eine Seitenansicht einer Schnellkupplung nach einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung, bei der eine Vorzentrierung des beweglich gelagerten Energiekupplungsteiles über eine nockenartige Vorzentrierungsfläche beim Zusammenschwenken der Schnellkupplungsteile vorgesehen ist,

Fig. 11

eine vergrößerte Teilschnittansicht einer Schnellkupplung ähnlich Figur 4, die die Hydraulikkupplung zeigt, kurz bevor deren zwei Energiekupplungsteile miteinander in Eingriff geraten,

Fig. 12

eine ausschnittsweise Frontansicht einer Hydraulikkupplung in Schnittdarstellung ähnlich Figur 7, die die Hydraulikkupplung in vollständig verriegeltem Zustand zeigt, wobei der Führungsbolzen des einen Energiekupplungsteiles durch einen Querbolzen im anderen Energiekupplungsteil gesichert ist,

Fig. 13

eine ausschnittsweise Schnittansicht entlang der Linie A-A in Figur 12,

Fig. 14

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Hydraulikkupplung im verriegelten Zustand, wobei mittels eines schwenkbar gelagerten Riegels die beiden Energiekupplungsteile formschlüssig verriegelt sind,

Fig. 15

eine Teilschnittansicht ähnlich Figur 4 einer weiteren Ausführung der Schnellkupplung, die die Hydraulikkupplung mit einem hydraulisch betätigbaren Druckstößel zeigt, kurz bevor die Kupplung kuppelt,

Fig. 16

eine Teilschnittansicht ähnlich Figur 15, wobei die Hydraulikkupplung in vollständig zusammengefahrenem Zustand gezeigt ist,

Fig. 17

eine vergrößerte Teilschnittansicht des hydraulischen Druckstößels aus den beiden vorhergehenden Figuren,

Fig. 18

eine schematische Darstellung des Schaltkreises zur Betätigung zweier hydraulischer Druckstößel gemäß der Ausführung der drei vorhergehenden Figuren,

Fig. 19

eine perspektivische Ansicht auf den unteren, beweglich gelagerten Teil der Hydraulikkupplung aus den vorhergehenden Figuren, und

Fig. 20

einen Halbschnitt durch einen Führungsbolzen der Energiekupplung, der ein lineares Zusammenschieben der beiden Energiekupplungsteile erzwingt.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred embodiments and associated drawings. The drawings show:

Fig. 1

2 shows a perspective view of a quick coupling according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, which has a pair of mechanical quick coupling parts and a hydraulic coupling, the mechanical quick coupling parts only engaging with one of two locking axes and the hydraulic coupling not yet being coupled,

Fig. 2

2 shows a perspective view of the quick coupling from FIG. 1, the quick coupling parts being shown in the swiveled-together state with the hydraulic coupling coupled,

Fig. 3

2 shows a side view of the quick coupling from FIG. 1, the quick coupling parts only engaging with one of two locking axes,

Fig. 4

3 shows an enlarged partial sectional view of the quick coupling, which shows the hydraulic coupling just before its two energy coupling parts come into engagement with one another,

Fig. 5

4, the hydraulic coupling being shown in a different sectional plane, in which the female and male connector pieces of the coupling can be seen,

Fig. 6

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged sectional view of the hydraulic clutch, which shows the engagement of the linear guide of the hydraulic clutch just before the hydraulic clutch is fully coupled,

Fig. 7

2 shows a front view of the hydraulic clutch in a sectional view, which shows the hydraulic clutch in the fully locked state,

Fig. 8

a quick coupling according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, in which both energy coupling parts of the hydraulic coupling are movably supported,

Fig. 9

a detailed view of an energy coupling part pivotally mounted on a pivotable bracket according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, and

Fig. 10

2 shows a side view of a quick coupling according to a further embodiment of the invention, in which the movably mounted energy coupling part is precentered via a cam-like precentering surface when the quick coupling parts are pivoted together,

Fig. 11

3 shows an enlarged partial sectional view of a quick coupling similar to FIG. 4, showing the hydraulic coupling just before its two energy coupling parts come into engagement with one another,

Fig. 12

7 shows a cutaway front view of a hydraulic clutch in a sectional view similar to FIG. 7, showing the hydraulic clutch in the fully locked state, the guide pin of one energy coupling part being secured by a cross bolt in the other energy coupling part,

Fig. 13

3 shows a sectional view along the line AA in FIG. 12,

Fig. 14

2 shows a perspective view of the hydraulic coupling in the locked state, the two energy coupling parts being locked in a form-fitting manner by means of a pivotably mounted bolt,

Fig. 15

4 shows a partial sectional view similar to FIG. 4 of a further embodiment of the quick coupling, which shows the hydraulic coupling with a hydraulically actuated pressure tappet shortly before the coupling couples,

Fig. 16

15 shows a partial sectional view similar to FIG. 15, the hydraulic clutch being shown in the fully retracted state

Fig. 17

2 shows an enlarged partial sectional view of the hydraulic pressure ram from the two previous figures,

Fig. 18

1 shows a schematic representation of the circuit for actuating two hydraulic pressure tappets according to the embodiment of the three previous figures,

Fig. 19

a perspective view of the lower, movably mounted part of the hydraulic coupling from the previous figures, and

Fig. 20

a half section through a guide pin of the energy coupling, which forces the two energy coupling parts to be pushed linearly together.

The quick coupling 1 shown in the figures has a quick coupling part on the boom side 2, which is pivotable on the arm 3 of a boom of a hydraulic excavator is attached and via a swivel tab not shown in itself in a known manner about the pivot axis 4 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the stem 3 can be pivoted. The quick coupling 1 also has a tool side Quick coupling part 5, which is connected to a hydraulic excavator tool. This can e.g. B. a gripping tool with a rotary mechanism 6, the hydraulic can be actuated.

The two parts 2 and 5 of the quick coupling 1 are connected to one another via two parallel, spaced locking axes 7 and 8 lockable with each other. The locking axes 7 and 8 extend, as shown in Figure 1, in parallel to the pivot axis 4, about which the quick coupling 1 pivots relative to the handle 3 can be.

The first of the two locking axes 7 is on the one hand on the tool side Quick coupling part 5 provided cross bolts 9 and a pair locking hook 10 provided on the quick coupling part 2 on the boom side educated. The locking hooks 10 can be hooked onto the cross bolt 9, so that this is gripped by the locking hook 10 and the tool side Quick coupling part 5 can be raised. As Figure 2 shows, the locking hooks 10 open to one side, hook-shaped recesses that the Cross bolt 9 surrounded half-shell. The hook recesses are there open to the side of the quick coupling part 2, that of the second locking axis 8 is turned away.

On the one hand, the second locking axis 8 is moved apart Locking bolt pair 11 and an associated pair of locking holes 12 formed. As Figure 3 shows, the locking pin pair 11 is on the cantilever quick coupling part 2 arranged and can by itself known drive mechanism, preferably hydraulic, retracted and extended become. The locking holes 12 are in the quick coupling part on the tool side 5 trained. As can be seen in Figure 1, both have the boom side Quick coupling part 2 as well as the quick coupling part on the tool side 5 spaced apart, substantially vertical support pieces that are spaced differently from one another, so that the carrier plates of the cantilever side Quick coupling part 2 between the carrier plates of the tool side Quick coupling part 5 can retract.

To couple the two quick coupling parts 2 is first with the boom side The quick coupling part 2 is inserted into the quick coupling part 5 on the tool side and with the hook-shaped locking recesses 10 of the cross bolts gripped the opposite quick coupling part (see FIG. 3). This can be ensured by slightly lifting the quick coupling part 2 on the boom side be that the tool-side quick coupling part 5 safely in the hook-shaped locking recess 10 falls. For locking the second locking axis 8 then the boom-side quick coupling part 2 to the Swivel axis 4 swiveled, so that, as a result, the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 are pivoted together about the first locking axis 7. The two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 are pivoted together so far, that the locking bolt pair 11 and the associated locking holes 12 are aligned. Then the locking bolts 11 are preferred moved apart by hydraulic actuation so that they enter the Retract locking holes 12. Through the two locking axes 7 and 8, the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 are firmly locked together.

To when swiveling the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 around the first Locking axis 7 an offset of the two quick coupling halves and thus damage to the sensitive hydraulic coupling described below To prevent the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 with a Be pivot guide 44 provided (see FIG. 11). The two massive quick coupling parts 2 and 5 each have a guide surface 46 and 47 (see FIG 11), which can only be pushed over or over each other, when the first locking axis 7 is properly aligned. Drives z. B. an excavator operator not properly with the hook-shaped recesses 10, prevents the Swivel guide a swiveling together with offset. The guide surfaces 46 and 47 can be designed such that they act centering, i. H. the two Press quick coupling parts 2 and 5 into the correctly aligned position, when they are swung together.

The quick coupling is used to supply power to the drive elements on the tool side 1 a hydraulic clutch 13 is assigned, which has a hydraulic circuit on the boom side connects to a hydraulic circuit on the tool side. For example, the Rotating mechanism 1 according to Figure 1 can be operated hydraulically. It can additional drive elements and, accordingly, several hydraulic circuits are provided and be coupled.

The hydraulic clutch 13 comprises two energy coupling parts 14 and 15, on the one hand on the boom-side quick coupling part 2 and on the other hand on the tool-side quick coupling part 5 are mounted. You are the first Locking axis 7 and 8 opposite sides of the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 arranged, each at the same distance from the first locking axis 7 so that when you swivel the two quick coupling parts together Drive 2 and 5 together. You could in principle also between the two locking axes 7 and 8 can be arranged. Preferably, however, lie they outside the area delimited by the two locking axes 7 and 8, since experience has shown that the latter tends to become soiled and difficult to access is. By arranging the energy coupling parts 14 and 15 outside the locking axes 7 and 8, these are less susceptible and easier to maintain. As FIGS. 1 and 7 show, the energy coupling parts 14 and 15 are respectively between the vertical support pieces 16 of the quick coupling part on the boom side 2 or the vertical support pieces 17 of the quick coupling part on the tool side 5 arranged. This protects you. Stand in particular they do not have the quick coupling parts 2 or 5 such that the energy coupling parts 14 or 15 would be pressed into the ground if the corresponding Quick coupling parts 2 are placed on the floor.

Both power coupling parts 14 and 15 hold a plurality of power line couplings together. They are each designed as a connector block in which a plurality of connector pieces 18 are combined. As Figure 7 shows each of the two energy coupling parts 14 and 15 has a plate-shaped carrier piece 19 and 20, which are each transverse to the corresponding quick coupling part 2 or 5 extends. Sit perpendicular to the support pieces 19 and 20 the connector pieces 18 that can be pushed together and the hydraulic Effect fluid connection. The connector pieces 18 can be known per se Connector pieces to be female and male type.

According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, this is on the boom side Quick coupling part 2 arranged energy coupling part 14 fixed, d. H. it is rigid relative to the quick coupling part 2. That on the tool side Quick coupling part 5 attached energy coupling part 15 is on this movably mounted. As FIG. 4 and FIG. 7 show, the entire energy coupling part is seated 15 on a spring arrangement 21, which in the embodiment shown there are four compression springs arranged in a rectangle. The compression springs 22 are on the one hand attached to angle plates which on the vertical support pieces 17 of tool-side quick coupling part 5 are arranged (see FIG. 7). on the other hand are the cylindrical spring elements 22 with the support piece 20 of the energy coupling part 15 connected, preferably screwed. The springs 22 have sufficient height and elasticity so that the energy coupling part 15 can be moved or tilted in multiple axes. The spring arrangement 21 forms a multi-axis movable bearing for the energy coupling part 15, so that this an offset to the opposite energy coupling part 14, in particular compensate due to the swiveling movement of the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 can.

As can be seen from FIGS. 3 to 6, the two energy coupling parts run 14 and 15 automatically by the swiveling movement of the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 in sync with them. The energy coupling parts 14 and 15 experience a circular path movement about the first locking axis 7. Since the connector pieces 18 on the two energy coupling parts 14 and 15 but must be moved linearly, the pivoting movement of the Energy coupling parts 14 and 15 balanced by the spring assembly 21. Around To ensure an exactly linear movement, the hydraulic clutch 13 is one Assigned linear guide 23, which ensures that the energy coupling parts 14th and 15 exactly along the pivoting movement of the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 to be driven on a straight line. The linear guide 23 consists of the drawn embodiment from a pair of guide bolts 24 and associated Guide bores 25 into which the guide pins 24 mentioned when moving together retract the two energy coupling parts 14 and 15. Force you thereby the springs 22 to a deflection to the pivot movement component to compensate. In addition, offset due to tolerances at the Assembly also compensated.

The guide bolts 24 are rigid with the carrier piece 19 of the energy coupling part 15 connected and are perpendicular to this to the opposite Energy coupling part 14 forward. Each guide pin 24 is substantially cylindrical educated. In particular, however, each guide pin 24 has one rounded head 26, a cylindrical guide portion 27 and one in between lying constriction 28 that the bolt head 26 from the cylindrical Guide section 27 separates. Due to the special design of the guide bolts 24 tilting is prevented during insertion into the guide bores 25. How Figure 20 shows the outer surface of the guide pin 24 in the area of Head 26 be rounded in a spherical shape. The spherical rounding goes into the Constriction 28 over. In addition, it can be provided that the cylindrical Shaft part or guide section 27 has a conical bevel that in the area from 5 to 15 degrees, preferably about 10 degrees. The special shape the guide pin, in particular the spherical shape of the head, allows tilt-free Insert the guide bolts into the opposite guide holes. The guide bores 25 can be in the area of their opening cross section a cross-sectional broadening in the form of a phase, a rounding or have the like to facilitate threading (see FIG. 4). Preferably are the guide holes 25 and guide bushings 28 made of suitable Formed material used in the boom-side power coupling part 14 are.

In order to prevent the guide bolts 24 from getting into the guide holes 25 meet when the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 move together can be a pre-centering 29 for pre-centering the two Energy coupling parts 14 and 15 can be provided relative to each other. Figure 10 shows an example of such a pre-centering 29. On the one hand, this can be movable stored energy coupling part 15 have a centering surface 30. on the other hand can have a cam-shaped centering surface on the opposite quick coupling part 31 may be provided on which the centering surface 30 of the energy coupling part 15 slides when the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 move together become. The pre-centering causes the two energy coupling parts 14 and 15 in an at least roughly aligned position to each other are when they are bumped into each other.

In order to move the connector pieces 18 securely and completely achieve, an actuator is preferably provided, which is on the last stretch the swiveling movement of the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 becomes active and the two energy coupling parts 14 and 15 press completely against each other. In particular can be provided a plunger 32 on which the spring-loaded Energy coupling part 15 is seated (see FIG. 6). Because the springs are sufficiently elastic to compensate for the swivel movement or offset, these could be give way and be squeezed so that it doesn't become a complete Coupling of the hydraulic clutch comes. The plunger 32 acts as a limiter for the spring travel of the spring bearing. As Figure 6 shows, the head of the pressure ram 32 preferably slightly rounded, so that even with a slight inclination of the movably mounted energy coupling part 15 is as centrally seated as possible is reached on the plunger 32. The plunger 32 can also be resilient be trained. As FIG. 6 shows, the pressure tappet 32 can be displaced longitudinally mounted bolt, which is by means of a compression spring 43, which is in the form of a Disc spring pack can be formed, is biased. The spring hardness of the Pressure plunger 32 is advantageously much larger than that of the spring arrangement 21 for the movable mounting of one energy coupling part 15. As figure 6 shows, the energy coupling part 15 is seated towards the end of the movement together on the plunger 32. This then presses during the remaining swiveling together the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 the movably mounted energy coupling part 15 completely onto the opposite energy coupling part 14. This ensures that a complete clutch of the hydraulic clutch is achieved. The pressure tappet 32 can, according to an alternative embodiment of the Invention be a hydraulically operated ram. For this, the arrangement can be reversed be d. H. the movably mounted energy coupling part is preferred arranged on the boom-side quick coupling part 2, so that the pressure tappet can be supplied by the hydraulic system on the boom side. With the hydraulically extendable Pressure plunger can particularly towards the end of the coupling movement an increased force can be applied.

Figures 15 to 18 show an advantageous embodiment of the hydraulic clutch with hydraulically operated ram. The energy coupling parts are basic movably or resiliently mounted in the manner described above, so that on the foregoing description is referred to. As Figure 15 shows, the Pressure plunger retracted so far in its starting position that between the plate-shaped carrier piece 19 and the end face of the pressure plunger 32 is air. The The energy clutch therefore first threads with the aid of the springs 22 or the one applied thereby Force. The linear guide ensures that the two energy coupling parts to drive perpendicular to each other. This creates an elastic Deformation of the stored springs, as shown in Figure 16.

To keep the two energy coupling parts safe even with large forces in operation to hold together, the hydraulic ram 32 is provided, the centric presses against the support piece 19 so that it is full against the boom side Carrier piece 20 is pressed. There can also be two or more hydraulic Pressure pieces 32 may be provided. As FIG. 17 shows, the pressure tappet 32 comprises a piston-cylinder unit consisting of a plunger 60 and one of the plungers 60 displaceably leading cylinder liner 61 there. The cylinder liner 61 is fluid-tight in the tool-fixed carrier piece 62 of the energy coupling screwed. As FIG. 17 shows, the plunger 60 has a spring assembly 63 biased, namely in its extended position, in which it by means of a Paragraph 64 drives against a cylinder liner-side paragraph. As a spring assembly 63 disc springs of suitable strength can be provided. The disc springs are like this dimensioned so that they give way when the energy coupling parts are moved together can. The play-free, firm holding together under all operating conditions is achieved by the hydraulic action on the plunger 60. This is via a pressure fluid bore 65 of the plunger 60 or a pressure chamber 66 connected to the hydraulic lines of the tool. As Figure 18 shows in the illustrated embodiment, four pressure medium lines 67, 68, 69, 70 by means of the connectors 71 of the power coupling from the boom side to the tool side of the quick coupler. The tool-side pressure medium lines 67 to 70 are all connected to the pressure chamber 66 of the pressure tappet 32. The pressure medium lines 67 to 70 are each in pairs via shuttle valves 72, 73 and 74 combined. The shuttle valves in the form of double check valves ensure that the pressure medium lines 67 to 70 are located always penetrates the pressure medium line that has the highest pressure. In the pressure chamber 66 of the pressure plunger 32 is always the pressure that is the largest of the pressure prevailing in the pressure medium lines 67 to 70.

The effective area of the plunger, which causes its actuating force, is included larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the connectors 71. In connection with the circuit that always gives the greatest pressure to the plunger is thereby ensures that the cohesive force is always greater than that of the Pressures in the connectors cause forces that separate the energy coupling want.

As FIG. 17 shows, a pressure cap 75 is seated on the face of the plunger 60, which has a substantially flat end face. This ensures that it always lies flat against the carrier plate 19 and excessive surface pressures, how they would occur with a point contact, avoided are. To allow a tilting movement nevertheless, the connecting surfaces are 76, with which the end face of the plunger 60 and the pressure cap 75 each other touch, rotationally symmetrical rounded surfaces, so that a tilting movement between the pressure cap and the plunger 60 is possible. Still is also the contact between the plunger 60 and the pressure cap 75 flat.

As already mentioned, large forces can occur in operation, which Could push energy coupling parts apart. To remedy this, can optionally also have a positive locking of the energy coupling parts 14 and 15 may be provided.

As FIGS. 12 and 13 show, one can be displaced in the energy coupling part 14 mounted cross bolt 48 may be provided. The cross bolt 48 is such arranged that it can enter tangentially into the guide bore 25, and to be precise in the area in which the constriction 28 of the guide bolt 24 lies comes when the guide pin is fully inserted. Like Figure 13 shows, the cross bolt can have 48 sections of different diameters. If the bolt has a large diameter section in the guide hole 25 inserted, the guide pin 24 is locked. Will the cross bolt 48 with a section of tapered diameter in the guide bore 25 inserted, the guide pin 24 can be pushed in and out. The cross pin 48 is preferably hydraulically actuated. If necessary it is biased into its locking position by means of a spring, so that a hydraulic actuation only for unlocking.

Furthermore, a bolt 49 can be provided, which the energy coupling parts 14 and 15 interlocked with one another in a positive manner (see FIG. 14). In further training of Invention, the bolt 49 can be designed as a rocker arm, which by a Pivot axis 51 is pivotally mounted on the energy coupling part 14. On at one end it has a cranked hook with which it has a locking projection 52 engage behind on the opposite energy coupling part 15 can. The bolt 49 is preferably locked in its locking by means of a spring 50 Prestressed position. In addition, a hydraulic cylinder 53 is on the bolt 49 articulated in order to pivot its unlocking position (see FIG. 14). Preferably the hydraulic cylinder 53 is arranged on the boom side in order to connect to the one there Hydraulic system to be permanently connected.

Figure 8 shows an alternative storage of the energy coupling parts 14 and 15. Here both parts of the energy coupling are movably supported. That on the boom side The quick coupling part 2 fastened energy coupling part 14 sits about a transverse axis 33 pivotable on a swivel bracket 34. The swivel bracket is in turn a pivot axis 35 parallel to the transverse axis 33 and spaced apart therefrom pivotally mounted on the quick coupling part 2. If necessary, by means of a spring device ensures a neutral position of the energy coupling part 14 become.

The second energy coupling part 15, that on the tool-side quick coupling part 5 is attached, is also movably mounted. In the drawn version it is mounted to be longitudinally displaceable, in a plane that is parallel to the first locking axis 7 of the quick coupler 1. According to FIG. 8, this is second energy coupling part 15 movable from left to right. It is from the Springs 35 held in its neutral position.

FIG. 9 shows an alternative movable mounting of the tool provided Energy coupling part 15. It sits on a swivel bracket 36 which is around a Transverse axis 37 to the first locking axis 7 and pivotable away from this is. The energy coupling part 15 itself sits on the swivel tab 36 around the Tilt axis 38 also pivotable. The tilt axis 38 extends parallel to Axis 37, as shown in Figure 9. By means of springs 39, the energy coupling part 15 in held in its neutral position on the swivel tab 36.

FIG. 10 shows a further alternative mounting of the energy coupling part 14, which is attached to the quick coupling part 2 on the boom side. It is tiltable a cross bolt 40 which extends parallel to the first locking axis 7. In addition, the energy coupling part 14 is slidably mounted on the bolt 40. It has an elongated hole 41 so that it can be moved transversely to the bolt 40. The energy coupling part 14 is in its neutral position by means of a spring 42 held. In addition, the pre-centering 29 already described is provided, which pre-centers the energy coupling part 14 when it is on the opposite one Energy coupling part 15 is driven when the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 are pivoted together.

The tine protruding upwards on the lower quick coupling part, on which the pre-centering cam surface 31 has a double function. This is because it also forms the swivel guide 44, which is the two quick coupling parts forces each other into their properly aligned position. The Reference numerals 46 and 47 also designate the corresponding guide surfaces here.

Other types of storage of the movable energy coupling parts are possible without this being specifically shown. So z. B. a resilient mounting can be achieved when the springs of the spring arrangement shown in Figures 1 to 7 21 by elastic elements, e.g. B. rubber elements to be replaced. Furthermore, it would be possible to use a self-adjusting bearing To provide positive control for at least one of the energy coupling parts, so that this compensates for the swiveling movement of the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 and an exactly linear movement between the two energy coupling parts is achieved.

Considerable advantages can be achieved with the quick coupler shown. In particular, the lock also locks with the quick coupler the hydraulic clutch guaranteed. In addition, the hydraulic clutch 13, in particular due to the arrangement and positioning shown Existing quick couplers can be retrofitted because they are not integrated, but instead is adapted. The positioning of the hydraulic clutch 13 enables good accessibility for maintenance and repair. In addition, by adapting the couplings the size of the quick changer and the circumstances customizable. In particular, a plurality of hydraulic lines can be integrated into a single one Coupling block can be summarized.

To prevent the spring-loaded Storage of one energy coupling part is pulled apart excessively, a stop 80 can be provided. As FIG. 19 shows, the stop 80 can be formed by two projections against which the spring-mounted carrier plate 19 moves when pulling apart. The stops 80 are preferred centered, i.e. the line you define goes through the center of the guide bolts 24 of the energy coupling.

Claims (26)

Quick coupling for coupling a tool to the boom (3) of a hydraulic excavator and the like, with a quick coupling part (2) on the boom side and a quick coupling part (5) on the tool side, which can be locked together via a pair of spaced locking axes (7, 8), and an energy circuit coupling ( 13), in particular a hydraulic coupling, for automatically coupling a tool-side energy connection to a cantilever-side energy connection, the energy circuit coupling having a cantilever-side energy coupling part (14) and a tool-side energy coupling part (15), which on the cantilever-side quick coupling part (2) and the tool-side quick coupling part (5 ) are arranged in such a way that they automatically couple with each other as soon as the two quick coupling parts (2, 5) are pivoted together into their locking position about a first of the two locking axes (7), characterized in that the energy circuit coupling plung (13) is assigned a linear guide (23) which guides the two energy coupling parts (14, 15) linearly to each other when coupling. Quick coupling according to the preceding claim, wherein the linear guide (23) at least one boom-side guide element (25) and at least has a tool-side guide element (24), which when closing the energy circuit coupling (13) come into engagement with one another, in particular before the two energy coupling parts (14, 15) come into engagement with one another. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein as guide elements at least one guide pin on one of the energy coupling parts (15) (24) and on the other energy coupling part (14) at least a guide bore (25) for receiving the at least one guide pin are provided, preferably the guide pin (24) rounded head (26), a cylindrical guide portion (27) and between the head and the guide section have a constriction (28). Quick coupling according to the preceding claim, wherein the guide pin (24) by means of a movable, in particular hydraulically operated Cross bolt (48) in the energy coupling part having the guide bore (25) (14) is mounted in its inserted into the guide bore (25) Position can be secured. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein only one of the two energy coupling parts movable to the corresponding quick coupling part is stored. Quick coupling according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein both energy coupling parts to the quick coupling parts (2, 5) are movably mounted. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the two energy coupling parts (15) movable, preferably on a spring device (21), in particular on an arrangement of several compression springs (22) is stored. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a Pressure plunger (32) is provided on which one of the two energy coupling parts (15) is tiltable and / or slidable. Quick coupling according to the preceding claim, wherein the pressure tappet (32) has a longitudinally displaceably mounted bolt, which by means of a Spring (43) is biased. Quick coupling according to claim 7, wherein the pressure tappet (32) is displaceable has mounted and pressurizable cylinder. Quick coupling according to the preceding claim, wherein the cylinder (60) with pressure medium from a pressure medium circuit to be coupled is, an area ratio of the effective cylinder effective area, which is from Pressure fluid is applied to the effective connector area in the area the connectors (71) from the pressure medium perpendicular to the coupling direction is applied, is greater than 1. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cylinder (60) with several, in particular all, pressure medium lines (67, 68, 69, 70) of the pressure medium circuit to be coupled in flow connection can be brought, preferably between the pressure medium lines and the Cylinder a valve arrangement (72, 73, 74) is provided which the cylinder (60) connects to the pressure medium line under the highest pressure. Quick coupling according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the cylinder (60) is fed by the pressure medium circuit on the tool side. A quick connector according to claim 10, wherein the cylinder (60) is one of separate pressure medium circuit is fed to the pressure medium circuit to be coupled. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the Energy circuit coupling against the swiveling movement of the The quick coupling can be moved together with a time delay using the pressure tappet (32) is. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the Pressure plunger (32) is provided on the end face with a pressure cap (75), wherein a tiltable connection between the pressure tappet and the pressure cap, in particular complementary rounded surfaces are provided. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the two energy coupling parts (15) about one to the first locking axis (7) parallel axis tiltable and / or in one direction movably mounted substantially perpendicular to the first locking axis (7) is. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a Pre-centering (29) for pre-centering the two energy coupling parts (14, 15) when swiveling together the quick coupling parts (2, 5) is, preferably a pair sliding when swiveling together Has centering surfaces (30, 31), one of which is movable on the stored energy coupling part (15) and the other on the other energy coupling part (14) or the corresponding quick coupling part (2) is. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a Swivel guide is provided for the two quick coupling parts (2, 5), which the two quick coupling parts (2, 5) when swiveling together in their Forced alignment to one another or swiveling together at one Misalignment of the two quick coupling parts to each other prevented. Device according to the preceding claim, wherein the pivot guide 44 at a distance from the first locking axis (7) guide surfaces (46, 47), which on the boom-side quick coupling part (2) or tool-side quick coupling part (5) are provided and when swiveling together of the two quick coupling parts (2, 5) around the first locking axis (7) slide on or slide past each other. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy circuit coupling (13) one later on the two quick coupling parts (2, 5) mountable assembly unit. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy circuit coupling (13) outside the two locking axes (7, 8) is arranged. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the two Quick coupling parts (2, 5) each two spaced from the locking axes (7, 8) have essentially vertical support pieces (16; 17) and the energy coupling parts (14, 15) each between two belonging together Carrier pieces (16; 17) are arranged transversely to these. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy coupling parts (14, 15) each essentially plate-shaped carrier pieces (19, 20) and arranged perpendicular to the plate-shaped carrier pieces have male or female connector pieces (18), preferably Guide bolts (24) and guide bores (25) for linear guidance of the two energy coupling parts rigid with the support pieces (19, 20) are connected or formed in these. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy coupling parts (14, 15) each as a connector block that has a variety of connector pieces (18) for a large number of power lines, are trained. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a bolt (49) for positive locking of the two energy coupling parts (14, 15) is provided in their coupled position, the bolt (49) preferably biased into its locking position by means of a spring and / or can be actuated hydraulically.

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