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EP1266128A1 - Reinforcement and cooling structure of a turbine blade - Google Patents

Reinforcement and cooling structure of a turbine blade

Info

Publication number
EP1266128A1
EP1266128A1 EP01927732A EP01927732A EP1266128A1 EP 1266128 A1 EP1266128 A1 EP 1266128A1 EP 01927732 A EP01927732 A EP 01927732A EP 01927732 A EP01927732 A EP 01927732A EP 1266128 A1 EP1266128 A1 EP 1266128A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbulators
blade
wall
blade according
longitudinal axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01927732A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1266128B1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Thomas Bolms
Peter Tiemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP01927732A priority Critical patent/EP1266128B1/en
Publication of EP1266128A1 publication Critical patent/EP1266128A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1266128B1 publication Critical patent/EP1266128B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/187—Convection cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
    • F05D2250/28—Three-dimensional patterned
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
    • F05D2260/2212—Improvement of heat transfer by creating turbulence
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
    • F05D2260/2214—Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface
    • F05D2260/22141—Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface using fins or ribs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a blade, in particular a turbine blade with at least one channel, which is delimited by walls and can be acted upon by a cooling fluid, with several turbulators being provided on at least one wall to improve the heat exchange between the wall and the cooling fluid.
  • Such a turbine blade is known for example from EP 0 758 932 B1.
  • This known turbine blade is hollow and has four channels.
  • the channels are delimited by the two outer walls of the turbine blade and partitions and a cooling fluid flows through them for cooling.
  • the outer walls are provided with turbulators.
  • the turbulators only serve to improve the heat exchange.
  • the loads on the turbine blade that occur during operation are practically absorbed exclusively by the outer walls, which must therefore be made relatively thick. If the load increases, the wall thickness of the outer walls must be increased further. However, this increase in wall thickness reduces the cow's efficiency and thus the overall efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a blade which enables a higher load capacity without increasing the wall thickness or a reduction in the wall thickness with the same load capacity.
  • the turbulators are used for stiffening the wall for the first time and merge into one another. This results in a significant increase in rigidity without additional material and without increasing the wall thickness. At the same time, good heat exchange between the walls and the cooling fluid is achieved. This results in high cow efficiency and a high overall efficiency.
  • the stiffening of the wall does not only occur in the area of a single turbulator. Rather, a large-area stiffening is provided by connecting the turbulators to one another.
  • the turbulators are advantageously straight.
  • all turbulators enclose the same angle with a longitudinal axis of the blade.
  • the result is a symmetrical arrangement of the turbulators, which can absorb loads evenly from all directions.
  • the turbulators enclose a right angle.
  • an acute or obtuse angle can also be selected.
  • a first group of turbulators with a longitudinal axis of the blade encloses a first angle and a second group of turbulators with the longitudinal axis of the blade encloses a second angle.
  • the two groups of turbulators have thus differed on ⁇ Liche inclinations towards the longitudinal axis of the blade.
  • the stiffness of the blade therefore depends on the direction of attack of the load. Due to the different inclination, a specific adaptation of the stiffness can be achieved in different directions.
  • the turbulators are advantageously arranged such that they form adjacent and superimposed recesses in the form of polygons, in particular squares, rhombuses or hexagons.
  • the inside of the wall is provided with a honeycomb structure.
  • the individual polygons or honeycombs each form a closed, highly resilient cross-section and support each other. A substantial increase in rigidity can be achieved.
  • the wall thickness of the wall is reduced at least in the area between the turbulators. This reduction in wall thickness is made possible by the fact that the turbulators stiffen the wall.
  • the turbulators can advantageously be used as metal feed channels when casting the blade.
  • the honeycomb structure is therefore easy to manufacture.
  • the blade has a plurality of sections provided with different arrangements of turbulators. These different arrangements allow the stiffness to be specifically influenced in the individual sections of the blade. This results in an optimal adaptation to the loads present in the respective section of the blade.
  • the sections are spaced apart from one another. This enables a simple change between different arrangements of turbulators.
  • the sections merge into one another. There is a continuous increase in the stiffness of the blade.
  • the blade according to the invention can be designed as a guide blade or as a rotor blade of a rotary machine.
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through a rotary machine
  • 2 shows a perspective, broken-away representation of a blade
  • 3 shows an enlarged view of the detail X from
  • Figure 2; 4 shows a plan view of the inside of an outer wall of the blade in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 5 shows a view similar to FIG. 4 in the second embodiment
  • 6 shows a view similar to FIG. 4 in the third embodiment
  • 7 shows a schematic illustration of a rotor blade
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of a guide vane.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a rotary machine in the form of a turbine 10 with a housing 11 and a rotor 12.
  • the housing 11 is provided with guide vanes 13 and the rotor 12 with rotor blades 14.
  • the turbine 10 is flowed through according to arrow 15 by a fluid which flows along the guide vanes 13 and rotor blades 14 and rotates the rotor 12 about an axis 16.
  • the temperature of the fluid is relatively high in many application cases, particularly in the area of the first row of blades (shown on the left in FIG. 1). Cooling of the guide vanes 13 and rotor blades 14 is therefore provided.
  • the flow of the cooling fluid is indicated schematically by the arrows 17, 18. Air can in particular be used as the cooling fluid.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a broken view of a guide vane 13.
  • the guide vane 13 has curved outer walls 19, 20.
  • the interior lying between the outer walls 19, 20 is divided into a total of three channels 22 via two partition walls 21 m.
  • the channels 22 are charged with a cooling fluid.
  • the outer walls 19, 20 are provided with a plurality of turbulators 23.
  • the turbulators 23 m are shown in a very simplified manner in FIG. However, it can be seen that the turbulators 23 merge into one another and form a honeycomb structure. This honeycomb structure stiffens the outer walls 19, 20.
  • Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of the detail X from Figure 2.
  • the turbulators 23 are straight and merge.
  • a recess 24 is delimited by four turbulators each.
  • the wall thickness d of the outer wall 19 decreases continuously from the turbulators 23 to
  • the turbulators 23 are approximately triangular in cross-section and taper starting from the outer wall 19. They can therefore serve as metal feed channels when casting the guide vane 13.
  • the guide vane 13 according to the invention is thus easy to manufacture.
  • Figures 4 to 6 show a schematic plan view of the inside of the outer wall 19 m in three different configurations.
  • all turbulators 23a, 23b enclose the same angle, ⁇ with a longitudinal axis 25 of the guide vane 13.
  • the turbulators 23a, 23b form a right angle 26 with one another.
  • the recesses 24 delimited by the turbulators 23a, 23b thus form squares.
  • a turbulator 23a, 23b extends between two contact points 31. In the area of the contact points 31, the turbulators 23a, 23b merge into one another. The manufacture is simplified by using straight turbulators 23a, 23b. There is also a high degree of rigidity.
  • a first group of turbulators 23a includes a first angle with the longitudinal axis 25, while a second group of turbulators 23b includes a second angle ⁇ with the longitudinal axis 25.
  • the angle 26 between the turbulators in this embodiment is greater than 90 °.
  • the result is a recess 24 m in shape of a diamond.
  • the different inclination of the turbulators 23a, 23b with respect to the longitudinal axis results in a different stiffness of the guide vane 13 m as a function of the load direction. A good adaptation to different boundary conditions is thus achieved.
  • turbulators 23 each form a recess 24 in the form of a hexagon.
  • the result is a honeycomb structure which significantly increases the rigidity of the guide vane 13.
  • turbulators 23 are advantageously arranged such that the recesses 24 shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 are formed. These recesses 24 have a closed cross section in plan view and therefore have a high degree of rigidity.
  • the turbulators 23 can also be arranged in the form of a V or X.
  • the turbulators 23 can also be provided with a moving blade 14.
  • a blade 14 is shown schematically in FIG. 7, which has a plurality of sections 28, 29, 30 provided with different arrangements of turbulators 23.
  • the arrangement of the section 28 corresponds to the illustration according to FIG. 4, while the sections 29, 30 are designed according to FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the individual sections 28, 29, 30 are spaced apart.
  • cross-sectional or shape changes of the rotor blade 14 can be carried out with little manufacturing effort.
  • the wall thickness d of the outer walls 19, 20 m is increased corresponding to these transition areas.
  • the use of different arrangements of turbulators 23 enables the stiffness of the blade 14 to be influenced in a targeted manner in the individual sections 28, 29, 30. This results in an optimal adaptation to different boundary conditions along the longitudinal axis 25.
  • the sections 28, 29, 30 can also merge into one another, as shown schematically using a guide vane 13 m in FIG. 8.
  • the turbulators 23 of the individual sections 28, 29, 30 merge into one another at contact points (not shown in more detail). This results in a continuous stiffening of the guide vane 13 along its longitudinal axis 25.
  • the present invention enables the rigidity to be increased by a targeted arrangement of the turbulators provided to improve the heat exchange.
  • the wall thickness d of the outer walls 19, 20 can be reduced. This reduction in the wall thickness increases the cow's efficiency, so that the overall efficiency of the turbine 10 is higher overall.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a blade (13; 14) for a turbine (10) which has at least one channel (22) that can be impinged with a coolant fluid. Several turbulators (23) which improve the heat exchange between the wall (19; 20) and the coolant fluid are provided on at least one wall (19; 20) of the channel (22). In addition, the turbulators (23) reinforce the wall (19; 20) and converge. As a result of said reinforcement, the thickness (d) of the wall (19; 20) in the area between the turbulators (23) can be reduced.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
v ERSTEI FUNGS- UND KUHLSTRUKTUR EINER TURBINENSCH*\UFELv INITIAL STRUCTURE AND COOLING STRUCTURE OF A TURBINE BOX * \ UFEL
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Schaufel, insbesondere eine Turbinenschaufel mit mindestens einem Kanal, der von Wanden begrenzt und mit einem Kuhlfluid beaufschlagbar ist, wobei an mindestens einer Wand mehrere Turbulatoren zur Verbesserung des Wärmeaustausches zwischen der Wand und dem Kuhlfluid vorgesehen sind.The present invention relates to a blade, in particular a turbine blade with at least one channel, which is delimited by walls and can be acted upon by a cooling fluid, with several turbulators being provided on at least one wall to improve the heat exchange between the wall and the cooling fluid.
Eine derartige Turbinenschaufel ist beispielsweise aus der EP 0 758 932 Bl bekannt. Diese bekannte Turbinenschaufel ist hohl ausgebildet und weist vier Kanäle auf. Die Kanäle werden jeweils von den beiden Außenwanden der Turbinenschaufel und Trennwanden begrenzt und zur Kühlung mit einem Kuhlfluid durchströmt. Zur Verbesserung des Wärmeaustausches zwischen den Außenwanden und dem Kuhlfluid sind die Außenwände mit Turbulatoren versehen.Such a turbine blade is known for example from EP 0 758 932 B1. This known turbine blade is hollow and has four channels. The channels are delimited by the two outer walls of the turbine blade and partitions and a cooling fluid flows through them for cooling. To improve the heat exchange between the outer walls and the cooling fluid, the outer walls are provided with turbulators.
Bei der bekannten Turbmenschaufel dienen die Turbulatoren lediglich zur Verbesserung des Wärmeaustausches. Die im Betrieb auftretenden Belastungen der Turbinenschaufel werden praktisch ausschließlich von den Außenwanden aufgenommen, die daher relativ dick ausgebildet werden müssen. Bei Vergrößerungen der Belastung muß die Wandstarke der Außenwände weiter erhöht werden. Durch diese Erhöhung der Wandstärke sinkt allerdings die Kuhleffizienz und damit der Gesamtwirkungsgrad.In the known turbine blade, the turbulators only serve to improve the heat exchange. The loads on the turbine blade that occur during operation are practically absorbed exclusively by the outer walls, which must therefore be made relatively thick. If the load increases, the wall thickness of the outer walls must be increased further. However, this increase in wall thickness reduces the cow's efficiency and thus the overall efficiency.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine Schaufel bereitzustellen, die eine höhere Belastbarkeit ohne Vergrößerung der Wandstarke oder aber eine Verringerung der Wandstarke bei gleicher Belastbarkeit ermöglicht.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a blade which enables a higher load capacity without increasing the wall thickness or a reduction in the wall thickness with the same load capacity.
Erfindungsgemaß ist zur Losung dieser Aufgabe bei einerAccording to the invention to solve this problem at one
Schaufel der eingangs genannten Art vorgesehen, daß die Tur- bulatoren zur Versteifung der Wand dienen und ineinander übergehen .Blade of the type mentioned initially provided that the door Bulators serve to stiffen the wall and merge.
Erfindungsgemaß werden erstmals die Turbulatoren zur Verstei- fung der Wand eingesetzt und gehen ineinander über. Hierdurch wird eine wesentliche Erhöhung der Steifigkeit ohne zusätzliches Material und ohne Vergrößerung der Wandstarke erreicht. Gleichzeitig wird ein guter Wärmeaustausch zwischen den Wanden und dem Kuhlfluid erreicht. Es ergeben sich somit eine hohe Kuhlefflzienz und ein hoher Gesamtwirkungsgrad.According to the invention, the turbulators are used for stiffening the wall for the first time and merge into one another. This results in a significant increase in rigidity without additional material and without increasing the wall thickness. At the same time, good heat exchange between the walls and the cooling fluid is achieved. This results in high cow efficiency and a high overall efficiency.
Die Versteifung der Wand stellt sich nicht nur im Bereich eines einzelnen Turbulators ein. Es wird vielmehr durch die Verbindung der Turbulatoren miteinander eine großflächige Versteifung bereitgestellt.The stiffening of the wall does not only occur in the area of a single turbulator. Rather, a large-area stiffening is provided by connecting the turbulators to one another.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen aus den abhangigen Ansprüchen hervor.Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims.
Vorteilhaft sind die Turbulatoren gerade ausgebildet. DieThe turbulators are advantageously straight. The
Verwendung gerader Turbulatoren ermöglicht eine hohe Steifigkeit bei einfacher Fertigung.The use of straight turbulators enables high rigidity with simple manufacture.
In vorteilhafter erster Ausgestaltung schließen sämtliche Turbulatoren mit einer Langsachse der Schaufel denselben Winkel ein. Es ergibt sich eine symmetrische Anordnung der Turbulatoren, die Belastungen aus allen Richtungen gleichmäßig aufnehmen kann.In an advantageous first embodiment, all turbulators enclose the same angle with a longitudinal axis of the blade. The result is a symmetrical arrangement of the turbulators, which can absorb loads evenly from all directions.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung schließen die Turbulatoren einen rechten Winkel ein. Alternativ kann auch ein spitzer oder stumpfer Winkel gewählt werden.According to an advantageous development, the turbulators enclose a right angle. Alternatively, an acute or obtuse angle can also be selected.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften zweiten Ausgestaltung schließt eine erste Gruppe von Turbulatoren mit einer Langsachse der Schaufel einen ersten Winkel und eine zweite Gruppe von Turbulatoren mit der Längsachse der Schaufel einen zweiten Winkel ein. Die beiden Gruppen von Turbulatoren weisen somit unterschied¬ liche Neigungen gegenüber der Langsachse der Schaufel auf. Die Steifigkeit der Schaufel hangt daher von der Angriffsrichtung der Belastung ab. Durch die unterschiedliche Neigung kann somit eine gezielte Anpassung der Steifigkeit m unterschiedlichen Richtungen erzielt werden.According to an advantageous second embodiment, a first group of turbulators with a longitudinal axis of the blade encloses a first angle and a second group of turbulators with the longitudinal axis of the blade encloses a second angle. The two groups of turbulators have thus differed on ¬ Liche inclinations towards the longitudinal axis of the blade. The stiffness of the blade therefore depends on the direction of attack of the load. Due to the different inclination, a specific adaptation of the stiffness can be achieved in different directions.
Vorteilhaft sind die Turbulatoren derart angeordnet, daß sie neben - und uberemanderliegende Ausnehmungen m Form von Vielecken bilden, insbesondere Quadrate, Rauten oder Sechsecke. Die Innenseite der Wand wird mit einer Wabenstruktur versehen. Die einzelnen Vielecke oder Waben bilden jeweils einen geschlossenen, hoch belastbaren Querschnitt und stutzen sich gegenseitig ab. Es laßt sich eine wesentliche Erhöhung der Steifigkeit erzielen.The turbulators are advantageously arranged such that they form adjacent and superimposed recesses in the form of polygons, in particular squares, rhombuses or hexagons. The inside of the wall is provided with a honeycomb structure. The individual polygons or honeycombs each form a closed, highly resilient cross-section and support each other. A substantial increase in rigidity can be achieved.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung ist die Wandstarke der Wand zumindest im Bereich zwischen den Turbulatoren verringert. Diese Verringerung der Wandstärke wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß die Turbulatoren eine Versteifung der Wand bewirken.In an advantageous development, the wall thickness of the wall is reduced at least in the area between the turbulators. This reduction in wall thickness is made possible by the fact that the turbulators stiffen the wall.
Durch die Verringerung der Wandstarke wird die Kuhlefflzienz nochmals erhöht. Die Turbulatoren können hierbei vorteilhaft beim Gießen der Schaufel als Metallemspeisungskanale verwendet werden. Die Wabenstruktur ist daher gut herstellbar.By reducing the wall thickness, the cow's efficiency is increased again. The turbulators can advantageously be used as metal feed channels when casting the blade. The honeycomb structure is therefore easy to manufacture.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die Schaufel mehrere mit unterschiedlichen Anordnungen von Turbulatoren versehene Abschnitte auf. Durch diese unterschiedlichen Anordnungen laßt sich m den einzelnen Abschnitten der Schaufel die Steifigkeit gezielt beeinflussen. Es ergibt sich eine optimale Anpassung an die m dem jeweiligen Abschnitt der Schaufel vorliegenden Belastungen.According to an advantageous embodiment, the blade has a plurality of sections provided with different arrangements of turbulators. These different arrangements allow the stiffness to be specifically influenced in the individual sections of the blade. This results in an optimal adaptation to the loads present in the respective section of the blade.
In vorteilhafter erster Weiterbildung sind die Abschnitte zu- einander beabstandet. Hierdurch wird ein einfacher Wechsel zwischen unterschiedlichen Anordnungen von Turbulatoren ermöglicht . Gemäß einer zweiten vorteilhaften Weiterbildung gehen die Abschnitte ineinander über. Es ergibt sich eine durchgehende Erhöhung der Steifigkeit der Schaufel.In an advantageous first development, the sections are spaced apart from one another. This enables a simple change between different arrangements of turbulators. According to a second advantageous development, the sections merge into one another. There is a continuous increase in the stiffness of the blade.
Die erfmdungsgemaße Schaufel kann als Leitschaufel oder als Laufschaufel einer Rotationsmaschine ausgebildet werden.The blade according to the invention can be designed as a guide blade or as a rotor blade of a rotary machine.
Nachstehend wird die Erfindung an Hand von Ausfuhrungsbeispielen naher beschrieben, die schematisch m der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. Für gleiche oder funktionsidentische Bauteile werden durchgehend dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet. Dabei zeigt:The invention is described in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments, which are shown schematically in the drawing. The same reference symbols are used throughout for identical or functionally identical components. It shows:
FIG 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Rotationsmaschine; FIG 2 eine perspektivische, aufgebrochene Darstellung einer Schaufel; FIG 3 eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Einzelheit X aus1 shows a longitudinal section through a rotary machine; 2 shows a perspective, broken-away representation of a blade; 3 shows an enlarged view of the detail X from
Figur 2; FIG 4 eine Draufsicht auf die Innenseite einer Außenwand der Schaufel m erster Ausgestaltung;Figure 2; 4 shows a plan view of the inside of an outer wall of the blade in the first embodiment;
FIG 5 eine Ansicht ähnlich Figur 4 m zweiter Ausgestaltung; FIG 6 eine Ansicht ähnlich Figur 4 m dritter Ausgestaltung; FIG 7 eine schematische Darstellung einer Laufschaufei; und FIG 8 eine schematische Darstellung einer Leitschaufel.5 shows a view similar to FIG. 4 in the second embodiment; 6 shows a view similar to FIG. 4 in the third embodiment; 7 shows a schematic illustration of a rotor blade; and FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of a guide vane.
Figur 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine Rotationsmaschine m Form einer Turbine 10 mit einem Gehäuse 11 und einem Rotor 12. Das Gehäuse 11 ist mit Leitschaufeln 13 und der Rotor 12 mit Laufschaufeln 14 versehen. Im Betrieb wird die Turbine 10 gemäß Pfeilπchtung 15 von einem Fluid durchströmt, das an den Leitschaufeln 13 und Laufschaufeln 14 entlangstromt und den Rotor 12 in Drehung um eine Achse 16 versetzt. Die Temperatur des Fluids ist m vielen Anwendungsfallen, insbesondere im Bereich der ersten Schaufelreihe (m Figur 1 links dargestellt), relativ hoch. Es ist daher eine Kühlung der Leitschaufeln 13 und Laufschaufeln 14 vorgesehen. Das Strömen des Kuhlfluids ist schematisch mit den Pfeilen 17, 18 angedeutet. Als Kuhlfluid kann insbesondere Luft verwendet werden.FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a rotary machine in the form of a turbine 10 with a housing 11 and a rotor 12. The housing 11 is provided with guide vanes 13 and the rotor 12 with rotor blades 14. In operation, the turbine 10 is flowed through according to arrow 15 by a fluid which flows along the guide vanes 13 and rotor blades 14 and rotates the rotor 12 about an axis 16. The temperature of the fluid is relatively high in many application cases, particularly in the area of the first row of blades (shown on the left in FIG. 1). Cooling of the guide vanes 13 and rotor blades 14 is therefore provided. The flow of the cooling fluid is indicated schematically by the arrows 17, 18. Air can in particular be used as the cooling fluid.
Figur 2 zeigt schematisch eine aufgebrochene Darstellung ei- ner Leitschaufel 13. Die Leitschaufel 13 weist gebogene Außenwände 19, 20 auf. Der zwischen den Außenwanden 19, 20 liegende Innenraum wird über zwei Trennwände 21 m insgesamt drei Kanäle 22 unterteilt. Im Betrieb werden die Kanäle 22 mit einem Kuhlfluid beaufschlagt.FIG. 2 schematically shows a broken view of a guide vane 13. The guide vane 13 has curved outer walls 19, 20. The interior lying between the outer walls 19, 20 is divided into a total of three channels 22 via two partition walls 21 m. In operation, the channels 22 are charged with a cooling fluid.
Zur Verbesserung des Wärmeaustausches zwischen den Außenwanden 19, 20 und dem Kuhlfluid sind die Außenwände 19,20 mit mehreren Turbulatoren 23 versehen. Aus Gründen der zeichnerischen Darstellung sind die Turbulatoren 23 m Figur 2 stark vereinfacht dargestellt. Es ist allerdings erkennbar, daß die Turbulatoren 23 ineinander übergehen und eine Wabenstruktur bilden. Diese Wabenstruktur bewirkt eine Versteifung der Außenwände 19, 20.To improve the heat exchange between the outer walls 19, 20 and the cooling fluid, the outer walls 19, 20 are provided with a plurality of turbulators 23. For reasons of the graphic representation, the turbulators 23 m are shown in a very simplified manner in FIG. However, it can be seen that the turbulators 23 merge into one another and form a honeycomb structure. This honeycomb structure stiffens the outer walls 19, 20.
Figur 3 zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Einzelheit X aus Figur 2. Die Turbulatoren 23 sind gerade ausgebildet und gehen ineinander über. Im dargestellten Ausfuhrungsbeispiel wird von jeweils vier Turbulatoren eine Ausnehmung 24 begrenzt. Die Wandstarke d der Außenwand 19 verringert sich ausgehend von den Turbulatoren 23 kontiunierlich bis zurFigure 3 shows an enlarged view of the detail X from Figure 2. The turbulators 23 are straight and merge. In the exemplary embodiment shown, a recess 24 is delimited by four turbulators each. The wall thickness d of the outer wall 19 decreases continuously from the turbulators 23 to
Mitte der Ausnehmung 24. Diese Verringerung der Wandstarke d wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß sich die Turbulatoren 23 aneinander abstutzen und hierdurch die Steifigkeit der Leitschaufel 13 wesentlich erhohen. Die Turbulatoren 23 dienen gleich- zeitig als Einschlagschutz. Aufgrund der verringerten Wandstarke d ergibt sich eine höhere Kuhleffizienz. Es wird daher weniger Kuhlfluid benotigt, so daß sich ein höherer Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Turbine 10 erreichen laßt.Center of the recess 24. This reduction in the wall thickness d is made possible by the fact that the turbulators 23 abut one another and thereby substantially increase the rigidity of the guide vane 13. The turbulators 23 also serve as impact protection. The reduced wall thickness d results in higher cow efficiency. Less cooling fluid is therefore required, so that a higher overall efficiency of the turbine 10 can be achieved.
Die Turbulatoren 23 sind im Querschnitt naherungsweise dreieckig gestaltet und verjungen sich ausgehend von der Außenwand 19. Sie können daher beim Gießen der Leitschaufel 13 als Metallemspeisungskanale dienen. Die erfmdungsgemaße Leit- schaufei 13 ist somit einfach herzustellen.The turbulators 23 are approximately triangular in cross-section and taper starting from the outer wall 19. They can therefore serve as metal feed channels when casting the guide vane 13. The guide vane 13 according to the invention is thus easy to manufacture.
Die Figuren 4 bis 6 zeigen eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Innenseite der Außenwand 19 m drei unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltungen. Bei der Ausgestaltung gemäß Figur 4 schlie- ßen samtliche Turbulatoren 23a, 23b denselben Winkel , ß mit einer Langsachse 25 der Leitschaufel 13 ein. Die Turbulatoren 23a, 23b schließen miteinander einen rechten Winkel 26 ein. Die von den Turbulatoren 23a, 23b begrenzten Ausnehmungen 24 bilden somit Quadrate.Figures 4 to 6 show a schematic plan view of the inside of the outer wall 19 m in three different configurations. In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, all turbulators 23a, 23b enclose the same angle, β with a longitudinal axis 25 of the guide vane 13. The turbulators 23a, 23b form a right angle 26 with one another. The recesses 24 delimited by the turbulators 23a, 23b thus form squares.
Ein Turbulator 23a, 23b erstreckt sich jeweils zwischen zwei Beruhrpunkten 31. Im Bereich der Beruhrpunkte 31 gehen die Turbulatoren 23a, 23b ineinander über. Durch die Verwendung gerader Turbulatoren 23a, 23b wird die Herstellung verem- facht. Weiter ergibt sich eine hohe Steifigkeit.A turbulator 23a, 23b extends between two contact points 31. In the area of the contact points 31, the turbulators 23a, 23b merge into one another. The manufacture is simplified by using straight turbulators 23a, 23b. There is also a high degree of rigidity.
Bei der Ausgestaltung gemäß Figur 5 schließt eine erste Gruppe von Turbulatoren 23a einen ersten Winkel mit der Langsachse 25 ein, wahrend eine zweite Gruppe von Turbulato- ren 23b einen zweiten Winkel ß mit der Langsachse 25 einschließt. Der Winkel 26 zwischen den Turbulatoren ist m dieser Ausgestaltung großer als 90°. Es ergibt sich entsprechend eine Ausnehmung 24 m Form einer Raute. Durch die unterschiedliche Neigung der Turbulatoren 23a, 23b gegenüber der Langsachse ergibt sich eine unterschiedliche Steifigkeit der Leitschaufel 13 m Abh ngigkeit von der Belastungsrichtung. Es wird somit eine gute Anpassung an unterschiedliche Randbedingungen erreicht.5, a first group of turbulators 23a includes a first angle with the longitudinal axis 25, while a second group of turbulators 23b includes a second angle β with the longitudinal axis 25. The angle 26 between the turbulators in this embodiment is greater than 90 °. The result is a recess 24 m in shape of a diamond. The different inclination of the turbulators 23a, 23b with respect to the longitudinal axis results in a different stiffness of the guide vane 13 m as a function of the load direction. A good adaptation to different boundary conditions is thus achieved.
Bei der Ausgestaltung gemäß Figur 6 bilden jeweils sechs Tur- bulatoren 23 eine Ausnehmung 24 in Form eines Sechsecks. Es ergibt sich eine Wabenstruktur, die die Steifigkeit der Leitschaufel 13 wesentlich erhöht.In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, six turbulators 23 each form a recess 24 in the form of a hexagon. The result is a honeycomb structure which significantly increases the rigidity of the guide vane 13.
Es können selbstverständlich auch andere geeignete Anordnun- gen von Turbulatoren 23 verwendet werden. Vorteilhaft werden die Turbulatoren 23 derart angeordnet, daß die m den Figuren 4 bis 6 dargestellten Ausnehmungen 24 entstehen. Diese Ausnehmungen 24 weisen m der Draufsicht einen geschlossenen Querschnitt und daher eine hohe Steifigkeit auf. Alternativ können die Turbulatoren 23 auch m Form eines V oder X angeordnet werden.Of course, other suitable arrangements of turbulators 23 can also be used. The turbulators 23 are advantageously arranged such that the recesses 24 shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 are formed. These recesses 24 have a closed cross section in plan view and therefore have a high degree of rigidity. Alternatively, the turbulators 23 can also be arranged in the form of a V or X.
Selbstverständlich können die Turbulatoren 23 auch bei einer Laufschaufel 14 vorgesehen werden. In Figur 7 ist schematisch eine derartige Laufschaufel 14 dargestellt, die mehrere mit unterschiedlichen Anordnungen von Turbulatoren 23 versehene Abschnitte 28, 29, 30 aufweist. Die Anordnung des Abschnitts 28 entspricht hierbei der Darstellung gemäß Figur 4, wahrend die Abschnitte 29, 30 entsprechend den Figuren 5 und 6 ausge- bildet sind. Die einzelnen Abschnitte 28, 29, 30 sind zueinander beabstandet. Im Bereich zwischen den Abschnitten 28, 29, 30 können Querschnitts- oder Formanderungen der Laufschaufel 14 mit geringem Fertigungsaufwand vorgenommen werden. Zum Erreichen der erforderlichen Steifigkeit wird die Wandstärke d der Außenwände 19, 20 m diesen Ubergangsberei- chen entsprechend erhöht. Die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Anordnungen von Turbulatoren 23 ermöglicht eine gezielte Beeinflussung der Steifigkeit der Schaufel 14 m den einzelnen Abschnitten 28, 29, 30. Es ergibt sich somit eine optimale Anpassung an unterschiedliche Randbedingungen entlang der Langsachse 25. Die Abschnitte 28, 29, 30 können auch ineinander übergehen, wie schematisch an Hand einer Leitschaufel 13 m Figur 8 dargestellt. Die Turbulatoren 23 der einzelnen Abschnitte 28, 29, 30 gehen hierbei m nicht naher dargestellten Beruhrpunk- ten ineinander über. Es ergibt sich somit eine durchgehende Versteifung der Leitschaufel 13 entlang ihrer Langsachse 25.Of course, the turbulators 23 can also be provided with a moving blade 14. Such a blade 14 is shown schematically in FIG. 7, which has a plurality of sections 28, 29, 30 provided with different arrangements of turbulators 23. The arrangement of the section 28 corresponds to the illustration according to FIG. 4, while the sections 29, 30 are designed according to FIGS. 5 and 6. The individual sections 28, 29, 30 are spaced apart. In the area between the sections 28, 29, 30, cross-sectional or shape changes of the rotor blade 14 can be carried out with little manufacturing effort. To achieve the required rigidity, the wall thickness d of the outer walls 19, 20 m is increased corresponding to these transition areas. The use of different arrangements of turbulators 23 enables the stiffness of the blade 14 to be influenced in a targeted manner in the individual sections 28, 29, 30. This results in an optimal adaptation to different boundary conditions along the longitudinal axis 25. The sections 28, 29, 30 can also merge into one another, as shown schematically using a guide vane 13 m in FIG. 8. The turbulators 23 of the individual sections 28, 29, 30 merge into one another at contact points (not shown in more detail). This results in a continuous stiffening of the guide vane 13 along its longitudinal axis 25.
Die vorliegende Erfindung ermöglicht eine Erhöhung der Steifigkeit durch eine gezielte Anordnung der zur Verbesserung des Wärmeaustausches vorgesehenen Turbulatoren. Bei gleicher Belastung kann die Wandstärke d der Außenwände 19, 20 verringert werden. Durch diese Verringerung der Wandstarke wird die Kuhleffizienz gesteigert, so daß sich ein insgesamt höherer Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Turbine 10 ergibt. The present invention enables the rigidity to be increased by a targeted arrangement of the turbulators provided to improve the heat exchange. With the same load, the wall thickness d of the outer walls 19, 20 can be reduced. This reduction in the wall thickness increases the cow's efficiency, so that the overall efficiency of the turbine 10 is higher overall.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Schaufel, insbesondere Turbmenschaufel (13; 14), mit mindestens einem Kanal (22), der von Wanden (19, 20, 21) be- grenzt und mit einem Kuhlfluid beaufschlagbar ist, wobei an mindestens einer Wand (19; 20) mehrere Turbolatoren (23) zur Verbesserung des Wärmeaustausches zwischen der Wand (19; 20) und dem Kuhlfluid vorgesehen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Turbulatoren (23) zur Versteifung der Wand (19; 20) dienen und ineinander übergehen.1. Blade, in particular a turbine blade (13; 14), with at least one channel (22) which is delimited by walls (19, 20, 21) and can be acted upon by a cooling fluid, with at least one wall (19; 20) several turbolators (23) are provided to improve the heat exchange between the wall (19; 20) and the cooling fluid, characterized in that the turbulators (23) serve to stiffen the wall (19; 20) and merge into one another.
2. Schaufel nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Turbulatoren ( 23 ) gerade ausgebildet sind .2. Blade according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the turbulators (23) are straight.
3. Schaufel nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die sämtliche Turbulatoren (23a, 23 b) mit einer Langsachse (25) der Schaufel (13; 14) denselben Winkel (α; ß) einschließen.3. Blade according to claim 2, characterized in that all the turbulators (23a, 23b) with a longitudinal axis (25) of the blade (13; 14) enclose the same angle (α; β).
4. Schaufel nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Turbulatoren (23a, 23b) einen rechten Winkel (26) einschließen.4. A blade according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the turbulators (23a, 23b) enclose a right angle (26).
5. Schaufel nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine erste Gruppe von Turbulatoren (23a) mit einer Langsachse (25) der Schaufel (13; 14) einen ersten Winkel ( ) und eine zweite Gruppe von Turbulatoren (23b) mit der Längsachse (25) der Schaufel (13; 14) einen zweiten Winkel (ß) einschließt.5. Blade according to claim 2, characterized in that a first group of turbulators (23a) with a longitudinal axis (25) of the blade (13; 14) a first angle () and a second group of turbulators (23b) with the longitudinal axis ( 25) the blade (13; 14) encloses a second angle (β).
6. Schaufel nach einem der Anspr che 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Turbulatoren (23) derart angeordnet sind, daß sie neben- und ubere anderlie- gende Ausnehmungen m Form von Vielecken, insbesondere Quadraten, Rauten oder Sechsecken, bilden. 6. Blade according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the turbulators (23) are arranged such that they form adjacent and other recesses in the form of polygons, in particular squares, diamonds or hexagons.
7. Schaufel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandstarke (d) der Wand (19; 20) zumindest im Bereich zwischen den Turbulatoren (23) verringert ist.7. Blade according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the wall thickness (d) of the wall (19; 20) is reduced at least in the region between the turbulators (23).
8. Schaufel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaufel (13; 14) mehrere mit unterschiedlichen Anordnungen von Turbulatoren8. Blade according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the blade (13; 14) several with different arrangements of turbulators
(23) versehene Abschnitte (28, 29, 30) aufweist.(23) provided sections (28, 29, 30).
9. Schaufel nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abschnitte (28, 29, 30) zueinander beabstandet sind.9. A blade according to claim 8, characterized in that the sections (28, 29, 30) are spaced apart.
10. Schaufel nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abschnitte (28, 29, 30) ineinander übergehen.10. Bucket according to claim 8, characterized in that the sections (28, 29, 30) merge into one another.
11. Schaufel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaufel als Leitschaufel (13) oder als Laufschaufei (14) einer Rotationsmaschine (10) ausgebildet ist. 11. A blade according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the blade is designed as a guide blade (13) or as a rotating blade (14) of a rotary machine (10).
EP01927732A 2000-03-22 2001-03-15 Reinforcement and cooling structure of a turbine blade Expired - Lifetime EP1266128B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01927732A EP1266128B1 (en) 2000-03-22 2001-03-15 Reinforcement and cooling structure of a turbine blade

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00106246 2000-03-22
EP00106246 2000-03-22
PCT/EP2001/002982 WO2001071164A1 (en) 2000-03-22 2001-03-15 Reinforcement and cooling structure of a turbine blade
EP01927732A EP1266128B1 (en) 2000-03-22 2001-03-15 Reinforcement and cooling structure of a turbine blade

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EP1266128A1 true EP1266128A1 (en) 2002-12-18
EP1266128B1 EP1266128B1 (en) 2005-01-12

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EP (1) EP1266128B1 (en)
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CN100376766C (en) 2008-03-26
JP4610836B2 (en) 2011-01-12
CN1606655A (en) 2005-04-13
WO2001071164A1 (en) 2001-09-27
DE50105063D1 (en) 2005-02-17
JP2003534481A (en) 2003-11-18
EP1266128B1 (en) 2005-01-12
US20030049125A1 (en) 2003-03-13

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