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EP1177336A1 - Device for opening and distributing a bundle of filaments when producing a nonwoven textile web - Google Patents

Device for opening and distributing a bundle of filaments when producing a nonwoven textile web

Info

Publication number
EP1177336A1
EP1177336A1 EP00922703A EP00922703A EP1177336A1 EP 1177336 A1 EP1177336 A1 EP 1177336A1 EP 00922703 A EP00922703 A EP 00922703A EP 00922703 A EP00922703 A EP 00922703A EP 1177336 A1 EP1177336 A1 EP 1177336A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filaments
assembly
bundle
outlet
slot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00922703A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1177336B2 (en
EP1177336B1 (en
Inventor
Rosario Maggio
Laurent Schmit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rieter Perfojet SAS
Original Assignee
Rieter Perfojet SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Rieter Perfojet SAS filed Critical Rieter Perfojet SAS
Publication of EP1177336A1 publication Critical patent/EP1177336A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1177336B1 publication Critical patent/EP1177336B1/en
Publication of EP1177336B2 publication Critical patent/EP1177336B2/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/007—Addition polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H3/011—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement made to installations allowing the manufacture of a nonwoven textile web, commonly known by the generic name of "spunbond", and which is formed by continuous synthetic filaments.
  • It relates more particularly to an improvement made to the means allowing the distribution of the extruded filaments, after drawing, on a mobile conveyor belt on which they are distributed randomly so as to form a regular sheet, of weight and thickness adjustable according to applications.
  • the sheet is consolidated, for example by performing a calibration or calendering, preferably hot, so that the elementary filaments are linked to each other.
  • suction device in the form of a chamber of rectangular section, of small width, inside which the curtain of filaments is subjected to the action of high speed air streams causing drawing of the filaments, assembly which in the rest of the description will be designated by the expression "drawing slot” and;
  • _ a means allowing, at the outlet of said stretching slot, to deflect and slow down the air flow and to distribute the filaments randomly on a receiving mat.
  • the filaments appear at the outlet from the drawing slot in the form of a bundle of filaments grouped in the median plane of said slot.
  • These filaments are ejected at very high speed from said stretching slot, speed which can reach 3000 m / min or more depending on the state.
  • the veil consists of relatively coarse filaments, that is to say of a titer greater than or equal to 2.2 dtex per filament, filaments which are generally produced with velocities at the output of stretching slot less than 3000 m / min.
  • the end of the stretching slot on which the electrostatic device is fixed is located at a relatively large distance from the receiving belt, of the order 500 mm or more, so that the friction forces of the filaments in the air slow down their speed, which limits rebound phenomena and thus improves the formation of the web.
  • Such a device satisfactory in theory, however has limited effectiveness, because it is mainly the fibers located on each side of the bundle which are thus "spaced", those grouped in the center of said bundle being extremely difficult to separate from each other.
  • the invention therefore relates to a device making it possible to ensure the opening and the distribution of a bundle of filaments during the production of a nonwoven textile web, according to the technique which consists:
  • _ to extrude a molten organic polymer through a die pierced with holes, so as to form a bundle or curtain of filaments; _ then, to orient the extruded filaments by drawing by means of one or more fluid jets devices; _ and finally, to receive the bundle of filaments in the form of a sheet on a mobile conveyor belt below which a suction source is arranged.
  • the device for opening and distributing the bundle of filaments consists of an assembly arranged downstream from the outlet of the drawing assembly and dissociated from the latter, this assembly comprising, disposed close to the outlet from the stretching slot, a diffuser comprising a converging-shaped inlet zone extending over the entire width of the installation with regard to the outlet from the stretching slot for producing the web, extended by a divergent, said assembly being associated with a ramp electrostatically charging the filaments before reception on the receiving belt.
  • the divergent zone of the diffuser has two walls and two lateral slots situated at the top of said diffuser, on each side of the latter and allowing either a call for air from the outside by the Venturi effect, or possibly a air injection, at a pressure below one bar and advantageously between 0.4 and 0.8 bar, causing air to flow against the walls of said diffuser.
  • the above diffuser allows precise adjustment of the width of the fiber bundle as well as the impact speed of the filaments on the receiving mat, the electrostatic charge assembly possibly being located downstream of the diffuser assembly, but being of preferably integrated inside the latter, which makes it possible to accentuate the opening of the bundle of filaments.
  • the diffuser has a convergent entry zone connected to the two walls of the diverging zone by a rectilinear slot, the ramp electrostatically charging the filaments being mounted at the rectilinear slot immediately upstream of the diverging zone;
  • the distance of the diffuser from the receiving belt is adjustable, in order to minimize the influence of external air currents on the fiber bundle
  • the pressure of the air flowing in the diffuser against the walls of the latter and the adjustment of the voltage applied in the electrostatic ramp makes it possible to very precisely adapt the conditions of the formation of the veil as a function of the speed of the filaments at the outlet of the stretching slot, which makes such a device particularly suitable for forming a veil consisting of low denier filaments, as well as for production installations working at high speed;
  • FIG. 1 is an overall view of an installation making it possible to produce a “spunbond” type nonwoven web;
  • Figure 2 is a detail view schematically showing the structure and operation of an assembly allowing the opening of the bundle of filaments formed and its deposit on the receiving belt;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment according to the invention in which the electrostatic charge of the filaments is obtained by means of a ramp integrated inside the diffuser, the flow of air inside the latter against the walls can be achieved either by natural call of outside air, or by a low pressure injection system less than a bar.
  • the device according to the invention is therefore intended to be used on a production line of a nonwoven textile web constituted by continuous synthetic filaments.
  • such a production line therefore essentially consists of at least one extruder, designated by the general reference (1) supplying synthetic polymer such as polyamide, polyethylene, polyester ..., a die (2) allowing the formation of a curtain of filaments (3).
  • the die consists of a plate each comprising a multitude of holes, for example the number of
  • a cooling assembly (4) is arranged allowing the temperature of the filaments to be adjusted as a function of the polymers and composed for example of a plurality of successive zones (4a, 4b, 4c) making it possible to subject the curtain of filaments (3) to through air flows whose speed and temperature can be adjusted.
  • the length of this cooling zone is of the order of
  • an actual stretching assembly (5) is arranged which is in the form of a closed enclosure comprising a slot (F) inside which air is injected under pressure, for example of the order of 0.5 bar.
  • Such a stretching system makes it possible to obtain the suction of the curtain of filaments and its entrainment by air streams at high speed making it possible to ensure the stretching.
  • the bundle of filaments (3) is projected onto the receiving belt (7) by means of an assembly (6), which assembly is the subject of the invention and two embodiments of which emerge from FIGS. 2 and
  • such an assembly comprises, near the outlet of the drawing slot (F) of the assembly (5), on the one hand, a diffuser, designated by the general reference (10) consisting essentially of a divergent which extends over the entire width of the production of the sheet and, on the other hand, downstream of this opening assembly, a ramp (11) for electrostatically charging the filaments at the outlet of the assembly (10) causing an opening at the heart of said bundle of filaments before depositing them on the receiving belt (7).
  • a diffuser designated by the general reference (10) consisting essentially of a divergent which extends over the entire width of the production of the sheet and, on the other hand, downstream of this opening assembly, a ramp (11) for electrostatically charging the filaments at the outlet of the assembly (10) causing an opening at the heart of said bundle of filaments before depositing them on the receiving belt (7).
  • the diffuser assembly (10) essentially consists of a chamber (12) comprising an internal slot (13) in the form of a convergent / divergent extending over the entire width of the installation opposite the outlet of the stretching slot (F) of the assembly (5).
  • this slot (13) open, near the lower part of the divergent zone, two symmetrical slots (14) arranged laterally.
  • These symmetrical slots (14) can either be connected to a source of compressed air injected under a pressure of less than 1 bar and advantageously of the order of 0.4 bar, or be simply open to the open air.
  • the divergent zone is, in this embodiment, extended by two equally divergent walls (15).
  • a conventional ramp (11) for electrostatically charging the filaments thus making it possible to accentuate the opening of the beam.
  • a ramp (11) is a conventional ramp, for example of the type described in US-A-3,967,118.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of an assembly for opening and distributing a bundle of filaments in the form of a sheet produced in accordance with the invention.
  • the device for opening and distributing the bundle of filaments (6) is, as previously, dissociated from the set of drawing (5).
  • this embodiment also comprises an inlet zone (13) in the form of a convergent extending opposite the outlet from the drawing slot (F).
  • This converging-shaped entry zone (13) is connected to the two walls (15) of the divergent zone by a rectilinear slot (20).
  • the ramp (11) for electrostatically charging the filaments is, in this embodiment, integrated inside the diffuser, at the end of the straight slot (20) immediately upstream of the diverging zone (15).
  • a call for air from the outside by Venturi effect is made through the two adjoining lateral slots formed by the underside of the drawing assembly (5) and the top face of the opening and distribution (6).
  • an injection of air, under low pressure, less than 1 bar, could be carried out at the two lateral slots formed between the drawing assembly (5) and the opening and distribution assembly (6).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a device for opening and distributing a bundle of filaments when producing a nonwoven textile web by a technique which consists in: extruding melted organic polymer through a die perforated with holes, so as to form a bundle or curtain of filaments; then directing the extruded filaments by drawing by means of one or several fluid jets; and finally, receiving the bundle of filaments in the form of a web on a mobile conveyor belt. The invention is characterised in that it consists of an assembly arranged downstream of the outlet of the drawing assembly and separate therefrom, said assembly comprising, arranged in the proximity of the drawing slot outlet, a diffuser comprising an intake zone shaped as a convergent nozzle extending over the whole width of the installation opposite the drawing slot outlet producing the web, extended by a divergent nozzle, said assembly being associated with a ramp electrostatically charging the filaments before they are received on the receiving belt.

Description

DISPOSITIF PERMETTANT D'ASSURER L'OUVERTURE ET LA REPARTITION D'UN FAISCEAU DE FILAMENTS LORS DE LA REALISATION D'UNE NAPPE TEXTILE NON TISSEE.DEVICE FOR ENSURING THE OPENING AND DISTRIBUTION OF A FILM HARNESS DURING THE PRODUCTION OF A NON-WOVEN TEXTILE TABLECLOTH.
Domaine TechniqueTechnical area
La présente invention concerne un perfectionnement apporté aux installations permettant la fabrication d'une nappe textile non tissée, désignée couramment sous le nom générique de « spunbond », et qui est formée par des filaments synthétiques continus.The present invention relates to an improvement made to installations allowing the manufacture of a nonwoven textile web, commonly known by the generic name of "spunbond", and which is formed by continuous synthetic filaments.
Elle a trait plus particulièrement à un perfectionnement apporté aux moyens permettant d'assurer la répartition des filaments extradés, après étirage, sur un tapis transporteur mobile sur lequel ils se répartissent au hasard de manière à former une nappe régulière, de poids et d'épaisseur réglables en fonction des applications.It relates more particularly to an improvement made to the means allowing the distribution of the extruded filaments, after drawing, on a mobile conveyor belt on which they are distributed randomly so as to form a regular sheet, of weight and thickness adjustable according to applications.
Techniques antérieuresPrevious techniques
La production de nappes non tissées de type « spunbond » remonte à des décennies et consiste, d'une manière générale :The production of spunbond type nonwoven tablecloths dates back decades and generally consists of:
_ à extrader un polymère organique fondu au travers d'une filière percée de trous, de manière à former un faisceau ou rideau de filaments ;_ to extrude a molten organic polymer through a die pierced with holes, so as to form a bundle or curtain of filaments;
_ puis, à orienter les filaments extradés par étirage au moyen d'un ou plusieurs dispositifs à jets de fluide, notamment à air comprimé ; _ et enfin, à recevoir le faisceau de filaments sous la forme d'une nappe sur un tapis transporteur mobile, en général soumis à une source d'aspiration, et dont la vitesse est réglée en fonction des caractéristiques de la nappe, épaisseur notamment, que l'on souhaite obtenir._ then, to orient the extruded filaments by drawing by means of one or more fluid jets devices, in particular with compressed air; _ and finally, to receive the bundle of filaments in the form of a sheet on a movable conveyor belt, generally subjected to a suction source, and the speed of which is adjusted according to the characteristics of the sheet, thickness in particular, that we want to get.
Après réalisation, la nappe est consolidée, par exemple en effectuant un calibrage ou un calandrage, de préférence à chaud, de sorte que les filaments élémentaires soient liés les uns aux autres.After production, the sheet is consolidated, for example by performing a calibration or calendering, preferably hot, so that the elementary filaments are linked to each other.
D'autres traitements de consolidation peuvent éventuellement être effectués, tel que par exemple un traitement d'aiguilletage (conventionnel ou par jets de fluide), et/ou le dépôt à la surface ou à l'intérieur de la nappe d'une matière liante. D'une manière générale, les installations utilisées pour réaliser de tels produits comportent :Other consolidation treatments can optionally be carried out, such as for example a needling treatment (conventional or by fluid jets), and / or the deposition on the surface or inside the sheet of a binder material. . In general, the installations used to produce such products include:
_ au moins une extradeuse pour un polymère organique fondu alimentant une filière permettant de produire un rideau de filaments ; _ une zone de refroidissement permettant d'obtenir la solidification au moins superficielle desdits filaments extradés ;_ at least one extradeuse for a molten organic polymer feeding a die making it possible to produce a curtain of filaments; _ a cooling zone making it possible to obtain at least surface solidification of said extruded filaments;
_ un dispositif d'aspiration se présentant sous la forme d'une chambre de section rectangulaire, de faible largeur, à l'intérieur de laquelle le rideau de filaments est soumis à l'action de veines d'air à grande vitesse provoquant l'étirage des filaments, ensemble qui dans la suite de la description, sera désigné par l'expression « fente d'étirage » et ;_ a suction device in the form of a chamber of rectangular section, of small width, inside which the curtain of filaments is subjected to the action of high speed air streams causing drawing of the filaments, assembly which in the rest of the description will be designated by the expression "drawing slot" and;
_ un moyen permettant, en sortie de ladite fente d'étirage, de dévier et ralentir le flux d'air et de répartir les filaments de manière aléatoire sur un tapis récepteur._ a means allowing, at the outlet of said stretching slot, to deflect and slow down the air flow and to distribute the filaments randomly on a receiving mat.
Dans de telles installations, les filaments se présentent à la sortie de la fente d'étirage sous la forme d'un faisceau de filaments regroupés dans le plan médian de ladite fente.In such installations, the filaments appear at the outlet from the drawing slot in the form of a bundle of filaments grouped in the median plane of said slot.
Ces filaments sont éjectés à très grande vitesse de ladite fente d'étirage, vitesse pouvant atteindre 3000m/min ou plus suivant l'état.These filaments are ejected at very high speed from said stretching slot, speed which can reach 3000 m / min or more depending on the state.
Afin d'obtenir une nappe non tissée aussi homogène que possible sur le tapis récepteur sur lequel sont projetés les filaments sortant de la fente d'étirage, il est nécessaire non seulement de séparer lesdits filaments les uns des autres, mais également de ralentir leur vitesse avant leur impact sur ledit tapis, afin de limiter les phénomènes de rebond incontrôlables qui génèrent une formation hétérogène du voile.In order to obtain a non-woven sheet as homogeneous as possible on the receiving belt on which the filaments leaving the drawing slot are projected, it is necessary not only to separate said filaments from each other, but also to slow down their speed. before their impact on said mat, in order to limit the phenomena of uncontrollable rebound which generate a heterogeneous formation of the veil.
Pour assurer un tel éclatement et répartition du rideau de filaments extradés, diverses techniques ont été proposées à ce jour.To ensure such bursting and distribution of the curtain of extruded filaments, various techniques have been proposed to date.
La technique la plus ancienne, qui ressort notamment du brevet GB-A-932 482, du brevet US-A-3 967 118, consiste à charger électrostatiquement les filaments, ce qui tend à les repousser les uns par rapport aux autres (effet Corona). Cette technologie permet d'améliorer la formation du voile lorsque les filaments sont éjectés à relativement basse vitesse de la fente d'étirage et que, par conséquent, les phénomènes dits « de regroupement » des filaments sont prépondérants comparativement à ceux du rebond des filaments sur le tapis.The oldest technique, which emerges in particular from patent GB-A-932,482, from patent US-A-3,967,118, consists in electrostatically charging the filaments, which tends to repel them relative to one another (Corona effect ). This technology makes it possible to improve the formation of the web when the filaments are ejected at a relatively low speed from the drawing slot and when, therefore, the phenomena known as “bundling” of the filaments are preponderant compared to those of the rebound of the filaments on the carpet.
C'est le cas en particulier lorsque le voile est constitué de filaments relativement grossiers, c'est-à-dire d'un titre supérieur ou égal à 2,2 dtex par filament, filaments qui sont généralement produits avec des vitesses en sortie de fente d'étirage inférieures à 3000 m/min.This is particularly the case when the veil consists of relatively coarse filaments, that is to say of a titer greater than or equal to 2.2 dtex per filament, filaments which are generally produced with velocities at the output of stretching slot less than 3000 m / min.
Afin de réduire la vitesse sans ajout d'organe supplémentaire, il est nécessaire dans ce cas que l'extrémité de la fente d'étirage sur laquelle est fixé le dispositif électrostatique soit situé à une distance relativement importante du tapis récepteur, de l'ordre de 500 mm ou plus, afin que les forces de frottement des filaments dans l'air ralentissent leur vitesse, ce qui permet de limiter les phénomènes de rebond et améliore ainsi la formation du voile.In order to reduce the speed without adding an additional member, it is necessary in this case that the end of the stretching slot on which the electrostatic device is fixed is located at a relatively large distance from the receiving belt, of the order 500 mm or more, so that the friction forces of the filaments in the air slow down their speed, which limits rebound phenomena and thus improves the formation of the web.
Ce dispositif n'est pas entièrement satisfaisant, car aucun contrôle de la vitesse n'est possible et les filaments sont également soumis à tous les courants d'air extérieurs, ce qui perturbe le voile et crée des défauts.This device is not entirely satisfactory, since no speed control is possible and the filaments are also subjected to all external air currents, which disturbs the web and creates defects.
Enfin, le simple frottement des filaments dans l'air sur une distance aussi courte ne permet pas un ralentissement suffisant de leur vitesse qui permette d'atténuer suffisamment les phénomènes de rebond des filaments sur le tapis.Finally, the simple friction of the filaments in the air over such a short distance does not allow a sufficient slowing down of their speed which makes it possible to attenuate sufficiently the phenomena of rebound of the filaments on the carpet.
Par suite, il a été proposé, comme cela ressort du brevet US 3 286 896, d'adapter à l'extrémité de la fente d'étirage (voir figures 7 et 8), un système déflecteur permettant d'assurer une meilleure répartition et ouverture des faisceaux de filaments produits.As a result, it has been proposed, as is apparent from US Pat. No. 3,286,896, to adapt to the end of the stretching slot (see FIGS. 7 and 8), a deflector system making it possible to ensure better distribution and opening of the bundles of filaments produced.
Cette solution ne donnant cependant pas entièrement satisfaction, il a été proposé, ainsi que cela ressort du brevet US-A-3 325 906, d'associer au divergent disposé en sortie de la fente d'étirage, un ensemble permettant d'insuffler de l'air de chaque côté de ce divergent, ce qui crée une pression négative au voisinage des parois, attirant ainsi les fibres vers les parois, ce qui tend à ouvrir le faisceau de filaments et à également ralentir la vitesse de ces derniers.As this solution is not entirely satisfactory, it has been proposed, as is apparent from US-A-3,325,906, to combine with the divergent disposed at the outlet of the drawing slot, an assembly allowing to inject the air on each side of this divergent, which creates a negative pressure in the vicinity of walls, thus attracting the fibers towards the walls, which tends to open the bundle of filaments and also to slow down the speed of the latter.
Un tel dispositif, satisfaisant en théorie, présente toutefois une efficacité limitée, car ce sont principalement les fibres situées de chaque côté du faisceau qui se trouvent ainsi « écartées », celles regroupées au centre dudit faisceau étant extrêmement difficiles à séparer les unes des autres.Such a device, satisfactory in theory, however has limited effectiveness, because it is mainly the fibers located on each side of the bundle which are thus "spaced", those grouped in the center of said bundle being extremely difficult to separate from each other.
Exposé de l'invention Or on a trouvé, et c'est ce qui fait l'objet de l'invention, qu'il était possible d'obtenir non seulement une ouverture parfaite du faisceau de filaments extradés en sortie de la fente d'étirage, mais également une répartition très homogène sur le tapis récepteur, d'une part en dissociant l'ensemble d'ouverture du faisceau de filaments de la fente d'étirage proprement dite, et d'autre part et surtout, en réalisant cet ensemble d'ouverture de telle sorte qu'il combine à la fois les avantages des techniques de charge électrostatique des filaments et des techniques d'ouverture du faisceau par ralentissement de la vitesse d'air en sortie de la fente d'étirage, et donc de la vitesse des filaments avant réception sur le tapis récepteur.DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Now it has been found, and this is what is the subject of the invention, that it was possible to obtain not only a perfect opening of the bundle of filaments extruded at the outlet of the slot. drawing, but also a very homogeneous distribution on the receiving belt, on the one hand by dissociating the opening assembly of the bundle of filaments from the drawing slot proper, and on the other hand and above all, by realizing this set opening in such a way that it combines both the advantages of the electrostatic charging techniques for the filaments and the techniques of opening the bundle by slowing down the speed of the air leaving the drawing slot, and therefore the speed of the filaments before reception on the receiving belt.
D'une manière générale, l'invention concerne donc un dispositif permettant d'assurer l'ouverture et la répartition d'un faisceau de filaments lors de la réalisation d'une nappe textile non tissée, selon la technique qui consiste :In general, the invention therefore relates to a device making it possible to ensure the opening and the distribution of a bundle of filaments during the production of a nonwoven textile web, according to the technique which consists:
_ à extrader un polymère organique fondu au travers d'une filière percée de trous, de manière à former un faisceau ou rideau de filaments ; _ puis, à orienter les filaments extradés par étirage au moyen d'un ou plusieurs dispositifs à jets de fluide ; _ et enfin, à recevoir le faisceau de filaments sous la forme d'une nappe sur un tapis transporteur mobile en dessous duquel est disposée une source d'aspiration._ to extrude a molten organic polymer through a die pierced with holes, so as to form a bundle or curtain of filaments; _ then, to orient the extruded filaments by drawing by means of one or more fluid jets devices; _ and finally, to receive the bundle of filaments in the form of a sheet on a mobile conveyor belt below which a suction source is arranged.
Le dispositif d'ouverture et de répartition du faisceau de filaments conforme à l'invention, est constitué par un ensemble disposé en aval de la sortie de l'ensemble d'étirage et dissocié de ce dernier, cet ensemble comportant, disposé a proximité de la sortie de la fente d'étirage, un diffuseur comprenant une zone d'entrée en forme de convergent s'étendant sur toute la largeur de l'installation au regard de la sortie de la fente d'étirage de production de la nappe, prolongée par un divergent, ledit ensemble étant associé à une rampe chargeant électrostatiquement les filaments avant réception sur le tapis récepteur.The device for opening and distributing the bundle of filaments according to the invention consists of an assembly arranged downstream from the outlet of the drawing assembly and dissociated from the latter, this assembly comprising, disposed close to the outlet from the stretching slot, a diffuser comprising a converging-shaped inlet zone extending over the entire width of the installation with regard to the outlet from the stretching slot for producing the web, extended by a divergent, said assembly being associated with a ramp electrostatically charging the filaments before reception on the receiving belt.
Selon une forme de réalisation, la zone divergente du diffuseur comporte deux parois et deux fentes latérales situées au sommet dudit diffuseur, de chaque côté de celui-ci et permettant soit un appel d'air depuis l'extérieur par effet Venturi, soit éventuellement une injection d'air, sous une pression inférieure à un bar et avantageusement comprise entre 0,4 et 0,8 bar, entraînant un écoulement de l'air contre les parois dudit diffuseur.According to one embodiment, the divergent zone of the diffuser has two walls and two lateral slots situated at the top of said diffuser, on each side of the latter and allowing either a call for air from the outside by the Venturi effect, or possibly a air injection, at a pressure below one bar and advantageously between 0.4 and 0.8 bar, causing air to flow against the walls of said diffuser.
Le diffuseur ci-dessus permet de régler précisément la largeur du faisceau de fibres ainsi que la vitesse d'impact des filaments sur le tapis récepteur, l'ensemble de charge électrostatique pouvant être situé éventuellement en aval de l'ensemble diffuseur, mais étant de préférence intégré à l'intérieur de ce dernier, ce qui permet d' accentuer 1 ' ouverture du faisceau de filaments .The above diffuser allows precise adjustment of the width of the fiber bundle as well as the impact speed of the filaments on the receiving mat, the electrostatic charge assembly possibly being located downstream of the diffuser assembly, but being of preferably integrated inside the latter, which makes it possible to accentuate the opening of the bundle of filaments.
Avantageusement et en pratique :Advantageously and in practice:
_ le diffuseur comporte une zone d'entrée en forme de convergent reliée aux deux parois de la zone divergeante par une fente rectiligne, la rampe chargeant électrostatiquement les filaments étant montés au niveau de la fente rectiligne immédiatement en amont de la zone divergente ;_ the diffuser has a convergent entry zone connected to the two walls of the diverging zone by a rectilinear slot, the ramp electrostatically charging the filaments being mounted at the rectilinear slot immediately upstream of the diverging zone;
_ la distance du diffuseur par rapport au tapis récepteur est réglable, et ce afin de minimiser l'influence des courants d'air extérieurs sur le faisceau de fibres ;_ the distance of the diffuser from the receiving belt is adjustable, in order to minimize the influence of external air currents on the fiber bundle;
_ la pression de l'air qui s'écoule dans le diffuseur contre les parois de ce dernier et l'ajustement de la tension appliquée dans la rampe électrostatique, permet d'adapter très précisément les conditions de la formation du voile en fonction de la vitesse des filaments en sortie de la fente d'étirage, ce qui rend particulièrement un tel dispositif adapté à la formation de voile constitué de filaments de faibles deniers, ainsi qu'aux installations de production travaillant à haute vitesse ;_ the pressure of the air flowing in the diffuser against the walls of the latter and the adjustment of the voltage applied in the electrostatic ramp, makes it possible to very precisely adapt the conditions of the formation of the veil as a function of the speed of the filaments at the outlet of the stretching slot, which makes such a device particularly suitable for forming a veil consisting of low denier filaments, as well as for production installations working at high speed;
_ enfin, la séparation des systèmes d'étirage proprement dits et de répartition du rideau de filaments, autorise une possibilité de réglage du titrage desdits filaments sans changer l'aspect du voile et inversement. Description sommaire des dessins_ finally, the separation of the actual stretching and distribution systems of the curtain of filaments, allows a possibility of adjusting the titration of said filaments without changing the appearance of the web and vice versa. Brief description of the drawings
L'invention et les avantages qui en ressortent seront mieux compris grâce à l'exemple de réalisation concret qui est donné à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, et qui est illustré par les schémas annexés dans lesquels :The invention and the advantages which emerge therefrom will be better understood thanks to the concrete embodiment example which is given by way of indication but not limitation, and which is illustrated by the attached diagrams in which:
. la figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble d'une installation permettant de réaliser une nappe non tissée de type « spunbond » ; . la figure 2 est une vue de détail montrant de manière schématique la structure et le fonctionnement d'un ensemble permettant l'ouverture du faisceau de filaments formé et sa dépose sur le tapis récepteur ;. FIG. 1 is an overall view of an installation making it possible to produce a “spunbond” type nonwoven web; . Figure 2 is a detail view schematically showing the structure and operation of an assembly allowing the opening of the bundle of filaments formed and its deposit on the receiving belt;
. la figure 3 illustre une variante de réalisation conforme à l'invention dans laquelle la charge électrostatique des filaments est obtenue par l'intermédiaire d'une rampe intégrée à l'intérieur du diffuseur, l'écoulement de l'air à l'intérieur de ce dernier contre les parois pouvant être réalisé soit par appel naturel de l'air extérieur, soit par un système d'injection sous faible pression inférieure à un bar.. FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment according to the invention in which the electrostatic charge of the filaments is obtained by means of a ramp integrated inside the diffuser, the flow of air inside the latter against the walls can be achieved either by natural call of outside air, or by a low pressure injection system less than a bar.
Manière de réaliser l'inventionWay of realizing the invention
En se reportant aux figures annexées, le dispositif conforme à l'invention est donc destiné à être utilisé sur une ligne de production d'une nappe textile non tissée constituée par des filaments synthétiques continus.Referring to the appended figures, the device according to the invention is therefore intended to be used on a production line of a nonwoven textile web constituted by continuous synthetic filaments.
D'une manière générale, ainsi que cela ressort de la figure 1, une telle ligne de production se compose donc essentiellement d'au moins une extrudeuse, désignée par la référence générale (1) alimentant en polymère synthétique tel que polyamide, polyéthylène, polyester..., une filière (2) permettant la formation d'un rideau de filaments (3).In general, as shown in Figure 1, such a production line therefore essentially consists of at least one extruder, designated by the general reference (1) supplying synthetic polymer such as polyamide, polyethylene, polyester ..., a die (2) allowing the formation of a curtain of filaments (3).
D'un point de vue pratique, à titre indicatif, la filière est constituée d'une plaque comprenant chacune une multitude de trous, par exemple au nombre deFrom a practical point of view, as an indication, the die consists of a plate each comprising a multitude of holes, for example the number of
5000 par mètre de largeur et ayant un diamètre fonction des filaments extradés, par exemple de 0,5 mm. Ces trous sont répartis sur une pluralité de rangées parallèles, par exemple dix-huit rangées et ce, sur une largeur en sortie de filière de 140 mm.5000 per meter of width and having a diameter depending on the extruded filaments, for example 0.5 mm. These holes are distributed over a plurality of parallel rows, for example eighteen rows, over a width at the outlet of the die of 140 mm.
A la sortie de cette filière, est disposé un ensemble de refroidissement (4) permettant le réglage de la température des filaments en fonction des polymères et composé par exemple d'une pluralité de zones successives (4a,4b,4c) permettant de soumettre le rideau de filaments (3) à des flux d'air traversants dont la vitesse et la température peuvent être réglées.At the outlet of this die, a cooling assembly (4) is arranged allowing the temperature of the filaments to be adjusted as a function of the polymers and composed for example of a plurality of successive zones (4a, 4b, 4c) making it possible to subject the curtain of filaments (3) to through air flows whose speed and temperature can be adjusted.
A titre indicatif, la longueur de cette zone de refroidissement est de l'ordre deAs an indication, the length of this cooling zone is of the order of
1200 mm et la température et la vitesse de chacune des zones est décroissante de la première zone (4a) à la troisième zone (4c).1200 mm and the temperature and speed of each of the zones decreases from the first zone (4a) to the third zone (4c).
En aval de cette zone de refroidissement, est disposé un ensemble d'étirage proprement dit (5) qui se présente sous la forme d'une enceinte fermée comportant une fente (F) à l'intérieur de laquelle est injecté de l'air sous pression, par exemple de l'ordre de 0,5 bar.Downstream of this cooling zone, an actual stretching assembly (5) is arranged which is in the form of a closed enclosure comprising a slot (F) inside which air is injected under pressure, for example of the order of 0.5 bar.
Un tel système d'étirage permet d'obtenir l'aspiration du rideau de filaments et son entraînement par des veines d'air à grande vitesse permettant d'assurer l'étirage.Such a stretching system makes it possible to obtain the suction of the curtain of filaments and its entrainment by air streams at high speed making it possible to ensure the stretching.
En sortie de l'ensemble d'étirage (5), le faisceau de filaments (3) est projeté sur le tapis récepteur (7) par l'intermédiaire d'un ensemble (6), ensemble qui fait l'objet de l'invention et dont deux formes de réalisation ressortent des figures 2 etAt the outlet of the drawing assembly (5), the bundle of filaments (3) is projected onto the receiving belt (7) by means of an assembly (6), which assembly is the subject of the invention and two embodiments of which emerge from FIGS. 2 and
3, et qui provoque une déviation du flux d'air sortant de la fente (5), un ralentissement de ce flux d'air entraînant ainsi l'ouverture du faisceau de filaments.3, and which causes a deflection of the air flow leaving the slot (5), a slowing down of this air flow thus causing the opening of the bundle of filaments.
Dans la première forme de réalisation illustrée à la figure 2, un tel ensemble comporte, à proximité de la sortie de la fente d'étirage (F) de l'ensemble (5), d'une part, un diffuseur, désigné par la référence générale (10) constitué essentiellement par un divergent qui s'étend sur toute la largeur de la production de la nappe et, d'autre part, en aval de cet ensemble d'ouverture, une rampe (11) permettant de charger électrostatiquement les filaments à la sortie de l'ensemble (10) entraînant une ouverture à cœur dudit faisceau de filaments avant de les déposer sur le tapis récepteur (7).In the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, such an assembly comprises, near the outlet of the drawing slot (F) of the assembly (5), on the one hand, a diffuser, designated by the general reference (10) consisting essentially of a divergent which extends over the entire width of the production of the sheet and, on the other hand, downstream of this opening assembly, a ramp (11) for electrostatically charging the filaments at the outlet of the assembly (10) causing an opening at the heart of said bundle of filaments before depositing them on the receiving belt (7).
Dans cette forme de réalisation, l'ensemble diffuseur (10) se compose essentiellement d'une chambre (12) comportant une fente interne (13) en forme de convergent/divergent s'étendant sur toute la largeur de l'installation en regard de la sortie de la fente d'étirage (F) de l'ensemble (5). Dans cette fente (13), débouchent, a proximité de la partie inférieure de la zone divergente, deux fentes symétriques (14) disposées latéralement. Ces fentes symétriques (14) peuvent être soit reliées à une source d'air comprimé injecté sous une pression inférieure à 1 bar et avantageusement de l'ordre de 0,4 bar, soit être simplement ouvertes à l'air libre.In this embodiment, the diffuser assembly (10) essentially consists of a chamber (12) comprising an internal slot (13) in the form of a convergent / divergent extending over the entire width of the installation opposite the outlet of the stretching slot (F) of the assembly (5). In this slot (13), open, near the lower part of the divergent zone, two symmetrical slots (14) arranged laterally. These symmetrical slots (14) can either be connected to a source of compressed air injected under a pressure of less than 1 bar and advantageously of the order of 0.4 bar, or be simply open to the open air.
La zone divergente est, dans cette forme de réalisation, prolongée par deux parois (15) également divergentes.The divergent zone is, in this embodiment, extended by two equally divergent walls (15).
Immédiatement en aval de cet ensemble diffuseur, ou éventuellement intégré à l'intérieur de ce dernier, est disposée une rampe (11) conventionnelle permettant de charger électrostatiquement les filaments permettant ainsi d'accentuer l'ouverture du faisceau. Une telle rampe (11) est une rampe conventionnelle, par exemple du type décrit dans l'US-A-3 967 118.Immediately downstream of this diffuser assembly, or possibly integrated inside the latter, is arranged a conventional ramp (11) for electrostatically charging the filaments thus making it possible to accentuate the opening of the beam. Such a ramp (11) is a conventional ramp, for example of the type described in US-A-3,967,118.
La figure 3 illustre une seconde forme de réalisation d'un ensemble d'ouverture et de répartition d'un faisceau de filaments sous la forme d'une nappe réalisée conformément à l'invention.FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of an assembly for opening and distributing a bundle of filaments in the form of a sheet produced in accordance with the invention.
Dans cette variante, en utilisant les mêmes références que celles employées pour décrire l'exemple illustré par la figure 2, le dispositif d'ouverture et de répartition du faisceau de filaments (6) est, comme précédemment, dissocié de l'ensemble d'étirage (5).In this variant, using the same references as those used to describe the example illustrated in FIG. 2, the device for opening and distributing the bundle of filaments (6) is, as previously, dissociated from the set of drawing (5).
Dans cette forme de réalisation, il comporte également une zone d'entrée (13) en forme de convergent s'étendant au regard de la sortie de la fente d'étirage (F). Cette zone d'entrée (13) en forme de convergent est reliée aux deux parois (15) de la zone divergente par une fente rectiligne (20).In this embodiment, it also comprises an inlet zone (13) in the form of a convergent extending opposite the outlet from the drawing slot (F). This converging-shaped entry zone (13) is connected to the two walls (15) of the divergent zone by a rectilinear slot (20).
La rampe (11) permettant de charger électrostatiquement les filaments est, dans cette forme de réalisation, intégrée à l'intérieur du diffuseur, à l'extrémité de la fente rectiligne (20) immédiatement en amont de la zone divergente (15). Un appel d'air provenant de l'extérieur par effet Venturi est réalisé au travers des deux fentes contiguës latérales formées par la face inférieure de l'ensemble d'étirage (5) et la face supérieure de l'ensemble d'ouverture et de répartition (6).The ramp (11) for electrostatically charging the filaments is, in this embodiment, integrated inside the diffuser, at the end of the straight slot (20) immediately upstream of the diverging zone (15). A call for air from the outside by Venturi effect is made through the two adjoining lateral slots formed by the underside of the drawing assembly (5) and the top face of the opening and distribution (6).
II se produit donc un écoulement d'air le long des parois (20,15) sur l'ensemble d'ouverture et de répartition.There is therefore an air flow along the walls (20,15) over the opening and distribution assembly.
Eventuellement, comme dans la forme de réalisation décrite à l'appui de la figure 2, une injection d'air, sous faible pression, inférieure à 1 bar, pourrait être réalisée au niveau des deux fentes latérales formées entre l'ensemble d'étirage (5) et l'ensemble d'ouverture et de répartition (6).Optionally, as in the embodiment described in support of FIG. 2, an injection of air, under low pressure, less than 1 bar, could be carried out at the two lateral slots formed between the drawing assembly (5) and the opening and distribution assembly (6).
Il a été constaté qu'avec un tel dispositif, non seulement on obtenait une ouverture parfaite du faisceau de filaments, mais que, par ailleurs, la réception sur le tapis (7) se faisait de manière très régulière et conduisait à l'obtention d'une nappe non tissée très homogène.It has been found that with such a device, not only did the filament bundle open perfectly, but also, the reception on the belt (7) was very regular and led to obtaining '' a very homogeneous nonwoven tablecloth.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à une telle forme de réalisation, mais elle en couvre toutes les variantes réalisées dans le même esprit. Of course, the invention is not limited to such an embodiment, but it covers all the variants produced in the same spirit.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1/ Dispositif permettant d'assurer l'ouverture et la répartition d'un faisceau de filaments lors de la réalisation d'une nappe textile non tissée, selon la technique qui consiste :1 / Device making it possible to ensure the opening and the distribution of a bundle of filaments during the production of a nonwoven textile web, according to the technique which consists:
_ à extrader un polymère organique fondu au travers d'une filière percée de trous, de manière à former un faisceau ou rideau de filaments ; _ puis, à orienter les filaments extradés par étirage au moyen d'un ou plusieurs dispositifs à jets de fluide (5) ; _ et enfin, à recevoir le faisceau de filaments sous la forme d'une nappe sur un tapis récepteur mobile en dessous duquel est disposée une source d'aspiration, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué par un ensemble (6) disposé en aval de la sortie de l'ensemble d'étirage (5) et dissocié de ce dernier, ledit ensemble comportant, disposé a proximité de la sortie de la fente d'étirage (F), un diffuseur (10) comprenant une zone d'entrée (13) en forme de convergent s'étendant sur toute la largeur de l'installation au regard de la sortie de la fente d'étirage (F) de production de la nappe, prolongée par un divergent (15), ledit ensemble étant associé à une rampe (11) chargeant électrostatiquement les filaments avant réception sur le tapis récepteur (7)._ to extrude a molten organic polymer through a die pierced with holes, so as to form a bundle or curtain of filaments; _ then, to orient the extruded filaments by drawing by means of one or more fluid jets devices (5); _ and finally, to receive the bundle of filaments in the form of a sheet on a movable receiving belt below which a suction source is arranged, characterized in that it is constituted by an assembly (6) disposed downstream from the outlet of the drawing assembly (5) and dissociated therefrom, said assembly comprising, disposed near the outlet of the drawing slot (F), a diffuser (10) comprising an inlet area (13) in the form of a convergent extending over the entire width of the installation with regard to the outlet from the stretching slot (F) for producing the web, extended by a diverging portion (15), said assembly being associated to a ramp (11) electrostatically charging the filaments before reception on the receiving belt (7).
2/ Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le diffuseur (10) comporte une zone d'entrée (13) en forme de convergent reliée aux deux parois2 / Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the diffuser (10) has an inlet zone (13) in the form of a convergent connected to the two walls
(15) de la zone divergente par une fente rectiligne (20), la rampe (11) chargeant électrostatiquement les filaments, étant montée au niveau de la fente rectiligne immédiatement en amont de la zone divergente (15).(15) of the diverging zone by a rectilinear slot (20), the ramp (11) electrostatically charging the filaments, being mounted at the rectilinear slot immediately upstream of the diverging zone (15).
3/ Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un appel d'air par effet Venturi est réalisé entre les faces en regard de la sortie de la fente d'étirage (5) et de l'entrée de l'ensemble diffuseur (6) créant un écoulement d'air contre les parois (15) de la zone divergente.3 / Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a call for air by Venturi effect is made between the opposite faces of the outlet of the drawing slot (5) and the inlet of the diffuser assembly (6) creating an air flow against the walls (15) of the divergent zone.
4/ Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on réalise une injection d'air sous une pression inférieure à 1 bar entre les faces en regard de la sortie de la fente d'étirage (5) et de l'entrée de l'ensemble diffuseur (6). 4 / Device according to claim 3, characterized in that an air injection is carried out under a pressure less than 1 bar between the opposite faces of the outlet of the drawing slot (5) and the inlet of the diffuser assembly (6).
EP00922703A 1999-04-23 2000-04-20 Device for opening and distributing a bundle of filaments when producing a nonwoven textile web Expired - Lifetime EP1177336B2 (en)

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FR9905403 1999-04-23
FR9905403A FR2792656B1 (en) 1999-04-23 1999-04-23 DEVICE FOR PROVIDING THE OPENING AND DISTRIBUTION OF A FILM HARNESS DURING THE PRODUCTION OF A NONWOVEN TEXTILE TABLECLOTH
PCT/FR2000/001050 WO2000065134A1 (en) 1999-04-23 2000-04-20 Device for opening and distributing a bundle of filaments when producing a nonwoven textile web

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DE60004660T2 (en) 2004-06-17
AU4301300A (en) 2000-11-10
FR2792656A1 (en) 2000-10-27
IL146029A (en) 2006-06-11
JP4549541B2 (en) 2010-09-22
EP1177336B2 (en) 2008-09-10
PL350364A1 (en) 2002-12-02
WO2000065134A1 (en) 2000-11-02
US6966762B1 (en) 2005-11-22
CN1348513A (en) 2002-05-08
ATE247728T1 (en) 2003-09-15
JP2002543299A (en) 2002-12-17
TR200103043T2 (en) 2002-04-22
DE60004660T3 (en) 2009-04-02
FR2792656B1 (en) 2001-06-01
EP1177336B1 (en) 2003-08-20
CN1168855C (en) 2004-09-29
DE60004660D1 (en) 2003-09-25
PL191426B1 (en) 2006-05-31
IL146029A0 (en) 2002-07-25

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