EP1157442B1 - Radar system in a motor vehicle - Google Patents
Radar system in a motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1157442B1 EP1157442B1 EP00960346A EP00960346A EP1157442B1 EP 1157442 B1 EP1157442 B1 EP 1157442B1 EP 00960346 A EP00960346 A EP 00960346A EP 00960346 A EP00960346 A EP 00960346A EP 1157442 B1 EP1157442 B1 EP 1157442B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- motor vehicle
- radar system
- vehicle radar
- voltage
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/02—Arrangements for de-icing; Arrangements for drying-out ; Arrangements for cooling; Arrangements for preventing corrosion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
- H01Q1/425—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising a metallic grid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a motor vehicle radar system according to the preamble of the main claim.
- Such motor vehicle radar systems are used for example in the context of an automatic cruise control of a vehicle for the detection of vehicles in front.
- a generic system is also referred to as Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC).
- ACC Adaptive Cruise Control
- To influence the electromagnetic waves used and sometimes also to protect the radar system from the effects of the weather is usually a body in the beam path of the electromagnetic waves. Often, this body is part of a housing that surrounds such a motor vehicle radar system.
- a metal plate lens which serves to focus or scatter electromagnetic waves.
- the metal plate lens described is preferably used in a motor vehicle radar system.
- the problem is that it results from the special conditions of use in the context of a radar system for automatic distance warning on a motor vehicle, that a deposit of deposits, especially of snow or slush, takes place on the lens.
- a deposit of deposits especially of snow or slush
- By such coverings passing through the lens electromagnetic waves are significantly attenuated, which ultimately can even lead to total failure of the radar system.
- said metal plate may be electrically conductively connected to other metal plates of the lens, so that a supplied heating current also flows through the other metal plates.
- Said metal plate and the other metal plates may be connected to each other in series, in parallel or in another switchable combination. So that the metal plate lens can also serve for the weatherproof cover of the actual motor vehicle radar system at the same time, the space between the metal plates of the metal plate lens is filled with a solid or foamed dielectric.
- the metal plates, to which a heating current can be supplied to a partial area, which has an increased resistivity relative to copper. This specific ohmic resistance increases the power loss, which results in a higher heating power and thus in a higher heating of the antenna lens.
- a motor vehicle radar system with at least one transmitting / receiving element for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves, which is for focusing or scattering of the electromagnetic waves, a lenticular dielectric body in the beam path of the at least one transmitting / receiving element known.
- the lenticular dielectric body also protects the transmitting / receiving element from the weather, has an array of electrically conductive paths whose width is maximum lambda tenth and whose distances from each other at least lambda-quarter, wherein lambda denotes the free space wavelength of the electromagnetic waves.
- the electrically conductive paths are arranged predominantly perpendicular to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic waves.
- the arrangement of electrically conductive paths may be arranged on the inside of the dielectric body, ie the side which faces the transmitting / receiving elements, the outside or else inside the dielectric body.
- the dielectric body can be freed from deposits such as ice, snow or slush.
- the dielectric body can be dried or kept dry with the aid of a heating current. It is further disclosed that it is possible to subdivide the electrically conductive arrangement into at least two separate parts.
- a so-called loss angle tan ⁇ of the covering material can be concluded by measuring the capacitance between the two separate parts of the arrangement.
- contamination of the dielectric body can be detected.
- a heating current flowing through the electrically conductive arrangement can be switched on.
- the heating power can be varied, for example, for a quick heating of an ice-covered lens with a high heating power and then keeping the lens with a reduced heating power.
- the DE 197 24 320 A1 discloses a method of manufacturing a heatable antenna lens. There is described a heatable antenna lens of a dielectric body having therein an array of electrical traces. The arrangement of electrically conductive paths is in this case as close as possible to the heated outer surface of the lens, resulting in a reduction of the heating power by introducing the energy just below the surface to be heated. Furthermore, it follows an accelerated heating behavior. It is further described that an easy adaptability of the heating power can be achieved by using wires with a desired resistance behavior. This can be for example a resistance wire.
- Both the DE 197 36 089 C1 and the DE 196 44 164 C2 as well as the DE 197 24 320 A1 describe various ways to rid a motor vehicle radar system of coverings such as ice, snow or slush.
- the first two documents disclose the possibility of controlling the heating power in that either metal plates are interconnected in various combinations with each other or that at least two electrically conductive arrangements for controlling the heating power are combined accordingly.
- the DE 197 24 320 A1 On the other hand, only the possibility of heating power is revealed by wires with a desired resistance behavior. At low outside temperatures and at higher driving speeds, the surface of the radar system undergoes a strong cooling of the surface due to the convection on the aforementioned systems. Depending on the ambient conditions and driving speed, temperatures on the surface of the radar system may form, despite the maximum heating power being switched on, which may be near the freezing point.
- a device for defrosting a vehicle window in which a heating element is acted upon by a generator having a main battery connected to a main output and a voltage supplied by a voltage regulator field winding.
- a control circuit is provided to connect the generator main output to the heating element while disconnecting it from the vehicle battery and the voltage regulator so that the full generator output power is supplied for a limited period of time to energize the heating element when window defrosting operation is required , This will ensure that the heating element is supplied with a high power required for defrosting the vehicle window.
- a gear lever position sensor is also provided to detect, prior to increasing the generator output voltage, whether the position of the transmission is the park or idle position.
- an antifreeze device for the windshield of a motor vehicle having a built-in heating element.
- the device has an air temperature sensor, a relative humidity sensor, and a windshield temperature sensor. Signals from the air temperature sensor and from the humidity sensor are fed to a computing element which calculates a saturated steam temperature from these input signals.
- the saturated steam temperature and the windshield temperature are applied to an operating member which, under an associated condition of windshield temperature and saturated steam temperature, determines that ice formation on the windshield is expected and turns on a transistor to close a heater activation switch to freeze to prevent.
- a rear window heater for a motor vehicle in which, depending on a rear window switch, the interior temperature and the ambient temperature, either the normal heating power or four times the heating power of the window heating is supplied.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a motor vehicle radar system which is better adapted to the operating conditions and environmental conditions.
- This object is achieved by the features of independent claim 1.
- the sensorstrahlen grasp come body is a dielectric lens, whereby a particularly compact design is made possible.
- the motor vehicle radar system according to the invention has the advantage over the systems known from the prior art that a power control of the supplied electrical power is performed, which is made dependent not only on a possibly detected contamination level but rather on operating conditions and environmental conditions.
- the power control according to the invention is designed such that the surface temperature of the sensor-radiation-transparent body and / or the radome does not exceed certain temperature values. This prevents the sensor-radiation-permeable body and / or the radome from being damaged by inadmissibly high temperature values.
- the preferred embodiment of the motor vehicle radar system provides that the power control takes place in that a voltage which drops off the electrical conductor tracks, is not constant in time.
- the voltage is a clocked with a certain duty cycle via a switch base voltage.
- the operating voltage of the vehicle electrical system is used as the basic voltage.
- This inventive design of the power control has the advantage that on the one hand over a predetermined duty cycle of the time average of the supplied electrical power can be accurately controlled and that the other used as a clocked base voltage, the operating voltage, the permanent without further transformation or conversion in the electrical system of the motor vehicle is available.
- the voltage that drops across the electrical traces is adapted in a particularly advantageous manner to the operating conditions and environmental conditions. It is furthermore advantageous if at least one of the aforementioned variables is available on an in-vehicle bus system, for example the CAN bus, since it makes it possible in this way to resort to measured variables which are already present within the vehicle system, and thereby no additional measurement data and / or sensors are required.
- an in-vehicle bus system for example the CAN bus
- the determination of the aforementioned duty cycle can be performed by a control unit, wherein advantageously in the control unit, a memory may be present, in which a map is stored.
- a control unit advantageously in the control unit, a memory may be present, in which a map is stored.
- the operating voltage of the electrical system to detect via an analog-to-digital converter, which is integrated together with the control unit in a radar system control unit.
- the actual operating voltage of the electrical system can be detected, which can deviate significantly after long standstill at low ambient temperatures, for example, from values that has the operating voltage of the electrical system, for example, at moderate outdoor temperatures and after a long highway ride.
- a particularly accurate power control can be performed.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the motor vehicle radar system provides that the arrangement of electrical conductor tracks is dimensioned such that the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor tracks is so small that results in a permanent duty cycle of 1 a multiple of the actual permissible heating power.
- the electrical conductors are designed by their electrical resistance forth such that a permanent operation with maximum base voltage or operating voltage of the electrical system would lead to an unacceptably high heat output and thus to destruction of the motor vehicle radar system.
- a further embodiment of the motor vehicle radar system provides that the arrangement of the electrical conductor tracks consists of a ferromagnetic material.
- a ferromagnetic material offers the advantage that by the positive temperature coefficient of the material self-protection against overheating of the motor vehicle radar system is present.
- ferromagnetic material especially in a grid-like arrangement, the advantage that low-frequency noise is suppressed particularly well. This can affect both the occurrence, as well as the leakage of interfering radiation.
- FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a motor vehicle radar system, as it is already known from the prior art.
- the outer dimensions of the motor vehicle radar system are determined by a housing 1 and a dielectric lens 2.
- a base plate 3 Within the housing 1 is a base plate 3, are arranged on the radiator elements both for transmitting and for receiving radar radiation.
- three radiator elements are shown, wherein the radar system according to the invention can be extended or reduced to any number of radiator elements.
- the lines marked with 5 indicate possible beam paths of the radar radiation.
- Within the lens 2 are inserted with the number 6 inserted electrical conductor tracks whose electrical contacts are not shown in this figure.
- FIG. 2a shows a control unit 7 with a possible external circuitry, as it is integrated in a motor vehicle radar system according to the invention.
- the control unit is supplied from the battery of the motor vehicle 8 via a control line, the operating voltage of the electrical system UB. With 9 of the CAN bus of the motor vehicle is called. From the CAN bus 9, the control unit 7, the outside temperature TA and the motor vehicle's own speed VE supplied via control lines. Via an indicated further connection line 13 to the CAN bus 9, the control unit 7 further data about operating conditions and environmental conditions are supplied.
- the voltage UH necessary for controlling the power of the electrically conductive tracks is determined as a function of the input variables.
- the voltage UH can in principle assume different courses. For example, in FIG.
- the voltage UH is a regulated DC voltage, which can assume values between 0 and UB.
- the necessary data are transmitted to the unit 11 via the connecting lines 10.
- the unit 11 consists either of a switch, as in the case of FIG. 2b , or from a DC-DC controller or a DC voltage controller, as in the case of Figure 2c , A possible switch within the unit 11 may be for example a transistor, a relay or any other switch.
- the output of the unit 11 is compared to the mass 12 of the electrical system of the motor vehicle, the desired voltage UH.
- This voltage UH is applied to the electrically conductive tracks and generated in this way the desired power loss in the electrical conductors.
- an analog-to-digital converter is present, which prepares the operating voltage UB of the electrical system for the control unit 7 accordingly.
- This analog-to-digital converter can be integrated in the control unit 7 or at a located anywhere within the motor vehicle, the integration in the control unit 7 is a particularly cost-effective and space-saving solution.
- the operating voltage UB of the electrical system can of course also be available on the CAN bus 9 and can be supplied to the control unit 7 via the connecting line 13. This depends on the particular configuration of the in-vehicle bus system.
- the in the FIGS. 2b and 2c As an alternative, the voltage curves shown may alternatively assume a different value than the operating voltage of the vehicle electrical system UB.
- Such a maximum value or base voltage UG may optionally assume any values which may be both below UB and above UB. In the latter case, it is necessary to increase the operating voltage UB of the vehicle electrical system by circuitry or to reshape it accordingly.
- the control unit 7 may for example be part of an existing radar system control unit. Such a radar system control unit is usually within the in FIG. 1 integrated housing integrated. This became apparent in the rough presentation FIG. 1 Not shown. Of course, it is alternatively possible that the control unit 7 is located at any point within the motor vehicle.
- the analog-to-digital converter which may be required to convert the operating voltage UB of the electrical system can, for example, be an external component, but it is also possible to integrate it into the control unit 7.
- the primary objective of the power control is that the surface temperature of the sensor-radiation-transparent body or the dielectric lens 2 is not exceeded.
- a memory is present in the control unit 7, in which one or more maps are stored.
- FIG. 3 shows examples of power controls depending on the outside temperature and airspeed of the motor vehicle.
- the electrical power P supplied to the electrical traces 6 is shown in watts.
- the airspeed VE of the motor vehicle is plotted in km / h.
- the various plotted characteristic curves 15 to 18 represent examples of performance curves at different outside temperatures TA.
- the arrow 14 indicates the direction of rising temperatures.
- the characteristic 15 is plotted for an outdoor temperature of + 5 ° C
- the characteristic curve 17 for an outdoor temperature of -15 ° C
- the characteristic curve 18 for an outdoor temperature of -25 ° C.
- FIG. 4 shows by way of example temperature profiles, which were measured on the outside of a dielectric lens, in a motor vehicle radar system, which corresponds to the prior art.
- the outside temperature of the dielectric lens TL is plotted in ° C.
- the airspeed of the motor vehicle VE is plotted in km / h.
- the characteristic curves 20, 21 and 22 shown by way of example are the measured temperature profiles at different outside temperatures TA.
- the direction towards increasing temperatures TA in ° C is indicated by the arrow 19.
- the characteristic 20 represents an outside temperature of 0 ° C
- the characteristic 21 an outside temperature of -5 ° C
- the characteristic curve 22 an outside temperature of -10 ° C.
- FIG. 5 shows a possible characteristic field, as it may be stored for example in the control unit 7 of the motor vehicle radar system in a memory.
- characteristic field which is parameterized on the outside temperature TA
- a duty cycle t / T as described in the description FIG. 2b equivalent.
- the vehicle speed VE is plotted in km / h.
- four characteristic curves 24, 25, 26 and 27 are entered by way of example.
- the various characteristics 24 to 27 are each plotted for different outside temperatures TA in ° C.
- the direction to higher outside temperatures TA in ° C is indicated by the arrow 23.
- the characteristic 24 represents an outside temperature of + 5 ° C
- the characteristic curve 25 an outside temperature of -5 ° C
- the characteristic 26 an outside temperature of -15 ° C
- the characteristic 27 an outside temperature of -25 ° C. It can be seen that at moderate outside temperatures of + 5 ° C, as shown by the characteristic curve 24, comes only from driving speeds of about 50 km / h to a duty ratio of 1, which is synonymous with the fact that the heating voltage UH, the is applied to the electrically conductive tracks, the directly applied base voltage UG or operating voltage UB of the electrical system is. At extremely low outside temperatures of, for example, -25 ° C, as indicated by the characteristic curve 27, the duty ratio of 1 is reached even at low speeds from 15 km / h.
- the characteristic field comprises fewer or any number of characteristics.
- Data lying between the individual characteristic curves can be obtained by any interpolation method.
- the duty ratio t / T of the vehicle's own speed, the outside temperature TA, the operating voltage UB of the electrical system and the surface temperature TL of the sensor radiation-transmissive body and / or the radome is dependent. Due to the dependence on the operating voltage UB of the electrical system of the motor vehicle can be compensated by the power control, eg at low outdoor temperatures, a possibly decreased nominal operating voltage UB of the electrical system of the motor vehicle by a correspondingly increased control of the key signal.
- the automotive radar system is capable of performing the power control without accurate knowledge of the actual surface temperature TL of the sensor radiation transmissive body and / or the radome. to have.
- an additional, even cost-causing, temperature sensor can be omitted and the motor vehicle radar system works completely on the basis of predetermined characteristic fields.
- such a sensor is provided which detects the surface temperature TL of the dielectric lens. This information flows into the power control and is provided to the control unit 7 of the motor vehicle radar system.
- a microprocessor located in the control unit 7 determines from the data supplied a duty cycle based on a predetermined calculation rule.
- FIG. 6 shows temperature curves that result in the motor vehicle radar system according to the invention at the surface of the dielectric body.
- the surface temperature of the dielectric lens TL in ° C as a function of the vehicle's own speed VE in km / h and for different outdoor temperatures TA in ° C is shown.
- the arrow 28 symbolizes the direction of the rising outside temperatures TA in ° C.
- the illustrated curves 29, 30, 31 and 32 are shown for outdoor temperatures of 5 ° C, -5 ° C, -15 ° C and -25 ° C.
- the power control depends on further parameters not previously mentioned. Possible parameters could be, for example, information from a rain sensor, altitude information from a GPS device, wind speed values, possible detected contamination by ice and snow of the dielectric lens, information about the intensity of solar radiation or the driving state of the slipstreaming, which is easy to determine with a motor vehicle radar system.
- the motor vehicle radar system According to the invention, a higher heating power than in conventional systems is possible in part by the motor vehicle radar system according to the invention, without the material of the lens or the radome being damaged during vehicle standstill.
- the motor vehicle radar system has an accelerated heating behavior and a better snow and ice defrost behavior while driving.
- the system according to the invention represents a simple, cost-effective solution since no additional hardware components are required.
- the current vehicle electrical system voltage UB of the motor vehicle a possible system fluctuation is compensated for in a particularly advantageous manner.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs. Solche Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsysteme werden beispielsweise im Rahmen einer automatischen Geschwindigkeitsregelung eines Fahrzeugs zur Detektion vorausfahrender Fahrzeuge eingesetzt. Ein gattungsgemäßes System wird auch als Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) bezeichnet. Zur Beeinflussung der verwendeten elektromagnetischen Wellen und mitunter auch zum Schutz des Radarsystems vor Witterungseinflüssen befindet sich üblicherweise ein Körper im Strahlengang der elektromagnetischen Wellen. Häufig ist dieser Körper Bestandteil eines Gehäuses, das ein solches Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystem umgibt.The present invention relates to a motor vehicle radar system according to the preamble of the main claim. Such motor vehicle radar systems are used for example in the context of an automatic cruise control of a vehicle for the detection of vehicles in front. A generic system is also referred to as Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). To influence the electromagnetic waves used and sometimes also to protect the radar system from the effects of the weather is usually a body in the beam path of the electromagnetic waves. Often, this body is part of a housing that surrounds such a motor vehicle radar system.
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Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystem anzugeben, das an die Betriebszustände und Umgebungsbedingungen besser angepaßt ist. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. In vorteilhafter Weise ist hierbei der sensorstrahlendurchlässige Körper eine dielektrische Linse, wodurch eine besonders kompakte Bauform ermöglicht wird.The object of the present invention is to provide a motor vehicle radar system which is better adapted to the operating conditions and environmental conditions. This object is achieved by the features of independent claim 1. Advantageously, in this case, the sensorstrahlendurchlässige body is a dielectric lens, whereby a particularly compact design is made possible.
Das erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystem bietet gegenüber den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Systemen den Vorteil, daß eine Leistungssteuerung der zugeführten elektrischen Leistung durchgeführt wird, die nicht nur von einem möglicherweise detektierten Verschmutzungsgrad sondern vielmehr von Betriebszuständen und Umgebungsbedingungen abhängig gemacht wird. Dabei ist die erfindungsgemäße Leistungssteuerung derart ausgelegt, daß die Oberflächentemperatur des sensorstrahlendurchlässigen Körpers und/oder des Radoms bestimmte Temperaturwerte nicht überschreitet. Hierdurch wird verhindert, daß der sensorstrahlendurchlässige Körper und/oder das Radom durch unzulässig hohe Temperaturwerte Schaden nimmt.The motor vehicle radar system according to the invention has the advantage over the systems known from the prior art that a power control of the supplied electrical power is performed, which is made dependent not only on a possibly detected contamination level but rather on operating conditions and environmental conditions. In this case, the power control according to the invention is designed such that the surface temperature of the sensor-radiation-transparent body and / or the radome does not exceed certain temperature values. This prevents the sensor-radiation-permeable body and / or the radome from being damaged by inadmissibly high temperature values.
Die bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems sieht vor, daß die Leistungssteuerung dadurch erfolgt, daß eine Spannung, die an den elektrischen Leiterbahnen abfällt, zeitlich nicht konstant ist. Dies kann erfindungsgemäß dadurch erfolgen, daß die Spannung eine mit einem bestimmten Tastverhältnis über einen Schalter getaktete Grundspannung ist. Vorteilhafterweise wird als die Grundspannung die Betriebsspannung des Bordnetzes verwendet. Diese erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung der Leistungssteuerung bietet den Vorteil, daß zum einen über ein vorbestimmtes Tastverhältnis der zeitliche Mittelwert der zugeführten elektrischen Leistung exakt gesteuert werden kann und daß zum anderen als getaktete Grundspannung die Betriebsspannung verwendet wird, die ohne weitere Transformation oder Umwandlung im Bordnetz des Kraftfahrzeugs permanent zur Verfügung steht.The preferred embodiment of the motor vehicle radar system according to the invention provides that the power control takes place in that a voltage which drops off the electrical conductor tracks, is not constant in time. This can be done according to the invention in that the voltage is a clocked with a certain duty cycle via a switch base voltage. Advantageously, the operating voltage of the vehicle electrical system is used as the basic voltage. This inventive design of the power control has the advantage that on the one hand over a predetermined duty cycle of the time average of the supplied electrical power can be accurately controlled and that the other used as a clocked base voltage, the operating voltage, the permanent without further transformation or conversion in the electrical system of the motor vehicle is available.
Es ist von besonderem Vorteil, wenn die Spannung von den folgenden Betriebszuständen und Umgebungsbedingungen abhängig ist:
- 1. Betriebsspannung des Bordnetzes des Kraftfahrzeugs, und
- 2. Umgebungstemperatur außerhalb des Kraftfahrzeugs, und
- 3. Geschwindigkeit des eigenen Kraftfahrzeugs und
- 4. Oberflächentemperatur des sensorstrahlendurchlässigen Körpers und/oder des Radoms.
- 1. Operating voltage of the electrical system of the motor vehicle, and
- 2. Ambient temperature outside the motor vehicle, and
- 3. speed of own motor vehicle and
- 4. Surface temperature of the sensor-radiolucent body and / or the radome.
Durch die zuvor genannten Abhängigkeiten wird die Spannung, die an den elektrischen Leiterbahnen abfällt, in ganz besonders vorteilhafter Weise an die Betriebszustände und Umgebungsbedingungen angepaßt. Es ist weiterhin von Vorteil, wenn wenigstens eine der zuvor genannten Größen auf einem fahrzeuginternen Bussystem, beispielsweise dem CAN-Bus, zur Verfügung steht, da auf diese Art und Weise auf Meßgrößen zurückgegriffen werden kann, die innerhalb des Fahrzeugsystems bereits vorhanden sind, und dadurch keine zusätzlichen Meßdaten und/oder Sensoren erforderlich sind.Due to the above-mentioned dependencies, the voltage that drops across the electrical traces is adapted in a particularly advantageous manner to the operating conditions and environmental conditions. It is furthermore advantageous if at least one of the aforementioned variables is available on an in-vehicle bus system, for example the CAN bus, since it makes it possible in this way to resort to measured variables which are already present within the vehicle system, and thereby no additional measurement data and / or sensors are required.
Die Bestimmung des zuvor genannten Tastverhältnisses kann von einem Steuergerät durchgeführt werden, wobei vorteilhafterweise in dem Steuergerät ein Speicher vorhanden sein kann, in dem ein Kennfeld ablegbar ist. Auf diese Weise sind während des Betriebs des Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems keine rechenintensiven Operationen notwendig, um das Tastverhältnis der Spannung zu bestimmen, sondern es muß lediglich in Abhängigkeit von bestimmten Betriebszuständen und/oder Umgebungsbedingungen ein entsprechender Wert für das Tastverhältnis aus einem im Speicher abgelegten Kennfeld ausgelesen werden. Dies ist eine besonders schnelle, kostengünstige und sehr genaue Lösung, um das Tastverhältnis zu bestimmen.The determination of the aforementioned duty cycle can be performed by a control unit, wherein advantageously in the control unit, a memory may be present, in which a map is stored. In this way, during the operation of the motor vehicle radar system no computationally intensive operations are necessary to determine the duty cycle of the voltage, but it must only be read out depending on certain operating conditions and / or environmental conditions, a corresponding value for the duty cycle from a map stored in the memory become. This is a particularly fast, inexpensive and very accurate solution to determine the duty cycle.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystem ist es weiterhin vorgesehen, die Betriebsspannung des Bordnetzes über einen Analog-Digital-Wandler zu erfassen, der zusammen mit dem Steuergerät in einem Radarsystem-Steuergerät integrierbar ist. Auf diese Weise kann die tatsächliche Betriebsspannung des Bordnetzes erfaßt werden, die z.B. nach längeren Standpause bei tiefen Umgebungstemperaturen deutlich von Werten abweichen kann, die die Betriebsspannung des Bordnetzes beispielsweise bei gemäßigten Außentemperaturen und nach langer Autobahnfahrt aufweist. Mit Kenntnis der so bestimmten Betriebsspannung des Bordnetzes kann eine besonders exakte Leistungssteuerung durchgeführt werden.In the motor vehicle radar system according to the invention, it is further provided, the operating voltage of the electrical system to detect via an analog-to-digital converter, which is integrated together with the control unit in a radar system control unit. In this way, the actual operating voltage of the electrical system can be detected, which can deviate significantly after long standstill at low ambient temperatures, for example, from values that has the operating voltage of the electrical system, for example, at moderate outdoor temperatures and after a long highway ride. With knowledge of the thus determined operating voltage of the electrical system, a particularly accurate power control can be performed.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems sieht vor, daß die Anordnung aus elektrischen Leiterbahnen derart dimensioniert ist, daß der elektrische Widerstand der elektrischen Leiterbahnen so klein ist, daß sich bei einem dauerhaften Tastverhältnis von 1 ein Vielfaches der eigentlich zulässigen Heizleistung ergibt. Mit anderen Worten, die elektrischen Leiterbahnen sind von ihrem elektrischen Widerstand her derart ausgelegt, daß ein dauerhafter Betrieb mit maximaler Grundspannung bzw. Betriebsspannung des Bordnetzes zu einer unzulässig hohen Heizleistung und somit zu einer Zerstörung des Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems führen würde. Durch diese Art der Auslegung der elektrischen Leiterbahnen ist es möglich, dem Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystem kurzfristig Leistungen zuzuführen, die bei dauerhaftem Einsatz zu einer Zerstörung führen würden. Hierdurch wird ein beschleunigtes, besonders vorteilhaftes Aufheizverhalten des Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems erreicht.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the motor vehicle radar system provides that the arrangement of electrical conductor tracks is dimensioned such that the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor tracks is so small that results in a permanent duty cycle of 1 a multiple of the actual permissible heating power. In other words, the electrical conductors are designed by their electrical resistance forth such that a permanent operation with maximum base voltage or operating voltage of the electrical system would lead to an unacceptably high heat output and thus to destruction of the motor vehicle radar system. By this type of design of the electrical conductor tracks, it is possible to supply the motor vehicle radar system at short notice, which would lead to destruction in permanent use. As a result, an accelerated, particularly advantageous heating behavior of the motor vehicle radar system is achieved.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltungsform des Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems sieht vor, daß die Anordnung der elektrischen Leiterbahnen aus einem ferromagnetischen Material besteht. Ein solches ferromagnetisches Material bietet den Vorteil, daß durch den positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten des Materials ein Selbstschutz vor Überhitzung des Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems vorhanden ist. Weiterhin bietet ferromagnetisches Material, insbesondere bei einer gitterförmigen Anordnung, den Vorteil, daß tieffrequente Störstrahlung besonders gut unterdrückt wird. Dies kann sowohl das Eintreten, als auch das Austreten von Störstrahlung betreffen.A further embodiment of the motor vehicle radar system provides that the arrangement of the electrical conductor tracks consists of a ferromagnetic material. Such a ferromagnetic material offers the advantage that by the positive temperature coefficient of the material self-protection against overheating of the motor vehicle radar system is present. Furthermore, provides ferromagnetic material, especially in a grid-like arrangement, the advantage that low-frequency noise is suppressed particularly well. This can affect both the occurrence, as well as the leakage of interfering radiation.
Im folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems anhand von Figuren erläutert.In the following, embodiments of the motor vehicle radar system according to the invention will be explained with reference to figures.
Hierbei zeigt:
-
Figur 1 den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems, wie er aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist, -
Figur 2a, Figur 2b und Figur 2c erläutern eine mögliche Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltung zur Leistungesteuerung, die in einem erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystem integriert ist, -
zeigt Beispiele von Leistungssteuerung in Abhängigkeit von Außentemperatur und Eigengeschwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeugs,Figur 3 -
zeigt mögliche Temperaturverläufe an der äußeren Oberfläche eines Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems in Abhängigkeit von Außentemperatur und Fahrzeug-Eigengeschwindigkeit, wobei hier Temperaturverläufe dargestellt sind, die dem Stand der Technik entsprechen,Figur 4 -
zeigt verschiedene Verläufe des Tastverhältnisses eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems in Abhängigkeit von Außentemperatur und Eigengeschwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeugs undFigur 5 -
zeigt mögliche Temperaturverläufe an der äußeren Oberfläche eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems in Abhängigkeit von Außentemperatur und Eigengeschwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeugs.Figur 6
-
FIG. 1 the basic structure of a motor vehicle radar system, as known from the prior art, -
Figure 2a, Figure 2b and Figure 2c illustrate a possible embodiment of a power control circuit according to the invention, which is integrated in a motor vehicle radar system according to the invention, -
FIG. 3 shows examples of power control as a function of outside temperature and airspeed of the motor vehicle, -
FIG. 4 shows possible temperature profiles on the outer surface of a motor vehicle radar system as a function of outside temperature and vehicle airspeed, wherein here are shown temperature profiles, which correspond to the prior art, -
FIG. 5 shows different curves of the duty cycle of a motor vehicle radar system according to the invention as a function of outside temperature and airspeed of the motor vehicle and -
FIG. 6 shows possible temperature curves on the outer surface of a motor vehicle radar system according to the invention as a function of outside temperature and airspeed of the motor vehicle.
Das Steuergerät 7 kann beispielsweise Teil eines bereits vorhandenen Radarsystem-Steuergerätes sein. Ein solches Radarsystem-Steuergerät ist in der Regel innerhalb des in
Das primäre Ziel der Leistungsregelung ist es, daß die Oberflächentemperatur des sensorstrahlendurchlässigen Körpers bzw. der dielektrischen Linse 2 nicht überschritten wird. Um unter dieser Randbedingung innerhalb des Steuergeräts 7 die entsprechenden Ansteuersignale für den Schalter bzw. Steller 11 zu erzeugen, ist in dem Steuergerät 7 ein Speicher vorhanden, in dem ein oder mehrere Kennfelder abgelegt sind. Auf ein mögliches Kennfeld zur Auswahl eines Tastverhältnisses t/T wird im Rahmen der Beschreibung zu
Ein besonders wichtiges Detail des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems besteht darin, daß die Anordnung aus elektrischen Leiterbahnen 6 derart dimensioniert ist, daß der elektrische Widerstand der elektrischen Leiterbahnen 6 so klein ist, daß sich beim dauerhaften Tastverhältnis von t/T = 1 ein vielfaches der eigentlich zulässigen Heizleistung ergibt. Mit anderen Worten: Wenn als Grundspannung UG die Betriebsspannung UB des Bordnetzes gewählt wird und ein dauerhaftes Tastverhältnis t/T = 1 eingestellt wird, so bedeutet dies, daß die Betriebsspannung UB des Bordnetzes, also die Batteriespannung des Kraftfahrzeugs, unmittelbar als Heizspannung UH an den elektrisch leitfähigen Bahnen 6 anliegt. Der durch diese Spannung hervorgerufene Strom würde innerhalb der elektrischen Leiterbahnen zu einer Verlustleistung führen, die das Material der dielektrischen Linse 2 nach einem gewissen Zeitraum derart unzulässig erhitzt hat, daß es zu Schädigungen an der dielektrischen Linse 2 kommt. Im Extremfall würde es durch die Überhitzung der elektrischen Leiterbahnen 6 bzw. der dielektrischen Linse 2 zu einem Brand des Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems insgesamt kommen. Gerade in dieser Auslegung der elektrischen Leiterbahnen 6 in Verbindung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Leistungssteuerung ist es in besonders vorteilhafter Weise möglich, die dielektrische Linse 2 möglichst schnell zu erwärmen. Bei der Ansteuerung über ein entsprechendes Kennfeld kann beispielsweise für einen kurzen Anfangszeitraum ein großes Tastverhältnis gewählt werden, um für den ersten Moment ein schnelles Aufheizen des dielektrischen Körpers 2 zu erreichen. Ebenso kann, wie es in
In der
Es liegt weiterhin im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems, daß ein sich im Steuergerät 7 befindlicher Mikroprozessor aus den zugeführten Daten ein Tastverhältnis anhand einer vorbestimmten Berechnungsvorschrift bestimmt.It is also within the scope of the motor vehicle radar system according to the invention that a microprocessor located in the
In analoger Form wie das in
Um den Speicherplatzbedarf des Kennlinienfeldes gering zu halten, ist es möglich, ab bestimmten Fahrzeug-Eigengeschwindigkeiten VE (beispielsweise 50 km/h) auf maximale Leistung (entspricht Tastverhältnis t/T=1) geschaltet wird.In order to keep the memory requirement of the characteristic field low, it is possible, starting from certain vehicle own speeds VE (for example, 50 km / h) to maximum power (equivalent duty cycle t / T = 1) is switched.
Es liegt weiter im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystems, daß die Leistungssteuerung von weiteren bisher nicht genannten Parametern abhängig ist. Mögliche Parameter könnten beispielsweise Informationen eines Regensensors, Höheninformationen aus einem GPS-Gerät, Windgeschwindigkeitswerte, eine mögliche detektierte Verschmutzung durch Eis und Schnee der dielektrischen Linse, eine Information über die Intensität der Sonneneinstrahlung oder der Fahrzustand des Windschattenfahrens sein, was mit einem Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystem leicht festzustellen ist.It is further within the scope of the motor vehicle radar system according to the invention that the power control depends on further parameters not previously mentioned. Possible parameters could be, for example, information from a rain sensor, altitude information from a GPS device, wind speed values, possible detected contamination by ice and snow of the dielectric lens, information about the intensity of solar radiation or the driving state of the slipstreaming, which is easy to determine with a motor vehicle radar system.
Insgesamt ist durch das erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystem teilweise eine höhere Heizleistung als bei konventionellen Systemen möglich, ohne daß der Werkstoff der Linse oder des Radoms bei Fahrzeugstillstand geschädigt wird. Das Kraftfahrzeug-Radarsystem weist einen beschleunigtes Aufheizverhalten und ein besseres Schnee- und Eis-Abtau-Verhalten während der Fahrt auf. Das erfindungsgemäße System stellt insgesamt eine einfache, kostengünstige Lösung dar, da keine zusätzlichen Hardwarekomponenten erforderlich sind. Durch die Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Bordnetzspannung UB des Kraftfahrzeugs wird in besonders vorteilhafter Weise eine mögliche Bordnetzschwankung ausgeglichen.Overall, a higher heating power than in conventional systems is possible in part by the motor vehicle radar system according to the invention, without the material of the lens or the radome being damaged during vehicle standstill. The motor vehicle radar system has an accelerated heating behavior and a better snow and ice defrost behavior while driving. Overall, the system according to the invention represents a simple, cost-effective solution since no additional hardware components are required. By taking into account the current vehicle electrical system voltage UB of the motor vehicle, a possible system fluctuation is compensated for in a particularly advantageous manner.
Claims (9)
- Motor vehicle radar system having at least one sensor-radiation-transmissive body (2) for focusing the sensor radiation and/or at least one radome without desired focusing in the beam track (5), wherein at least one arrangement of electrical conductor tracks (6), which is suitable at least for heating the sensor-radiation-transmissive body (2) and/or the radome, is arranged in the region of the sensor-radiation-transmissive body (2) and/or the radome, wherein electrical power can be fed to the electrical conductor tracks (6), characterized in that the arrangement of electrical conductor tracks (6) is composed of a ferromagnetic material, in that the electrical power which is supplied is controlled as a function of operating states and ambient conditions in such a way that the surface temperature (TL) of the sensor-radiation-transmissive body (2) and/or of the radome does not exceed specific temperature values, wherein the power is controlled in such a way that a voltage (UH) which drops across the electrical conductor tracks (6) is chronologically not constant, wherein the operating states and ambient conditions comprises- the operating voltage (UB) of the on-board power system of the motor vehicle, and- the ambient temperature (TA) outside the motor vehicle, and- the velocity (VE) of the driver's own motor vehicle, and- the surface temperature (TL) of the sensor-radiation-transmissive body (2) and/or of the radome,wherein the surface temperature (TL) is sensed by a temperature sensor, and wherein the energy (P) which is supplied to the electrical conductor tracks rises as the driver's own velocity (VE) increases.
- Motor vehicle radar system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sensor-radiation-transmissive body (2) is a dielectric lens.
- Motor vehicle radar system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the voltage (UH) is a fundamental voltage (UG) which is clocked with a specific pulse duty factor (t/T) by means of a switch (11).
- Motor vehicle radar system according to Claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the fundamental voltage (UG) is the operating voltage (UB) of the on-board power system (8).
- Motor vehicle radar system according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the variables of the operating voltage, the ambient temperature, the velocity or the surface temperature is available on a vehicle-internal bus system (CAN).
- Motor vehicle radar system according to Claim 3, characterized in that the pulse duty factor (t/T) is determined by a control unit (7).
- Motor vehicle radar system according to Claim 6, characterized in that a memory in which a characteristic diagram can be stored is provided in the control unit (7) in order to determine the pulse duty factor (t/T).
- Motor vehicle radar system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the operating voltage (UB) of the on-board power system (8) is acquired by means of an analogue/digital converter which can be integrated, together with the control unit (7), into a radar system control unit.
- Motor vehicle radar system according to Claim 4, characterized in that the arrangement of electrical conductor tracks (6) is dimensioned in such a way that the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor tracks (6) is so small that given a permanent pulse duty factor of t/T = 1 a multiple of the actually permitted heating power is obtained.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19963001A DE19963001A1 (en) | 1999-12-24 | 1999-12-24 | Motor vehicle radar system for focussing sensor beams to control speed feeds external temperature and vehicle net speed from a CAN bus to a control device via control wires. |
DE19963001 | 1999-12-24 | ||
PCT/DE2000/002697 WO2001048864A1 (en) | 1999-12-24 | 2000-08-11 | Radar system in a motor vehicle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1157442A1 EP1157442A1 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
EP1157442B1 true EP1157442B1 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
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EP00960346A Expired - Lifetime EP1157442B1 (en) | 1999-12-24 | 2000-08-11 | Radar system in a motor vehicle |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US6630901B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1157442B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5222451B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19963001A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001048864A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE19963001A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
EP1157442A1 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
US6630901B1 (en) | 2003-10-07 |
JP5222451B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
WO2001048864A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 |
JP2003518612A (en) | 2003-06-10 |
DE50015237D1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
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