EP1088381B1 - Thermal protection forming a heat shield - Google Patents
Thermal protection forming a heat shield Download PDFInfo
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- EP1088381B1 EP1088381B1 EP99925066A EP99925066A EP1088381B1 EP 1088381 B1 EP1088381 B1 EP 1088381B1 EP 99925066 A EP99925066 A EP 99925066A EP 99925066 A EP99925066 A EP 99925066A EP 1088381 B1 EP1088381 B1 EP 1088381B1
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- coils
- refractory
- combination
- inductor
- protective means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
- H02G3/22—Installations of cables or lines through walls, floors or ceilings, e.g. into buildings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for thermal protection of electrical conductors, more particularly those of industrial furnaces in electrothermal, inductive, arc, by resistance or radiation.
- the conductive turns of the large inductors of industrial induction ovens are usually made of hollow copper profiled tubes, cooled by water circulation which evacuates the joule losses as well as the calories released by the heated charge at high temperature by induction, and covered with a layer of electrical insulation which does not its mechanical and dielectric properties only up to around 200 or 220 ° C, or even 300 ° C for the most efficient.
- This electrical insulation is frequently damaged or burned because the turns are exposed to various types of damage such as molten metal, or very strong heat radiation from the crucible or parts heated to white, or even to sweeping by gases (carbon, acid hydrochloric, hydrogen, etc.) at high temperature in pyrolysis ovens.
- gases carbon, acid hydrochloric, hydrogen, etc.
- the object of the present invention is to find a thermal insulation capable to withstand thermal shock and solve all the problems of the prior art.
- This solution should in particular be light, easy to install, inexpensive, dense enough to be impervious to heat radiation and infiltration, for example of carbon particles or tar.
- the invention which consists of a combination of turns conductors of an inductor of an industrial oven and thermal protection said turns, said conductive turns being made up of tubes in which circulate cooling water, and being covered with at least one electrically insulating layer characterized in that said turns are externally covered with thermal protection formed by at least one layer of composite refractory material produced by a combination of fibers refractories and a compatible refractory binder, so as to constitute a shield thermal capable of withstanding outside temperatures between 500 and 1600 ° C.
- the refractory fibers are used in the form of woven or non-woven ribbons or in the form of a paste.
- these are arranged in at minus a thickness of overlapping windings around the turns of the inductor.
- the thermal protection may additionally include a set of tiles refractories glued or linked to the tube, tangentially to the latter, prior wrapping turns by the refractory fibers allowing good adhesion of the refractory glue on the electrically insulated conductor.
- the conductive turns of an industrial furnace inductor consist of tubes (1) copper in which cooling water circulates.
- the tube is covered externally with an insulating layer (2) electrically and optionally with an elastomer-silicone film (3), the layers of these materials deteriorate beyond 220 to 250 ° C.
- the tube is covered, over the electrical insulation (2) and the optional elastomer film (3), of a refractory composite layer which acts as heat shield, that is to say which is capable of withstanding a very gradian temperature important.
- the outer lace of the shield can be exposed to temperatures of around 1000 ° C while its internal face directed towards the axis of the tube will not exceed 200-220 ° C approximately, the thickness of the heat shield and the nature of its components being depending on the level of the outside temperature to which the conductor is subjected.
- this heat shield consists of one or more layers (4) of refractory materials composites, made by a combination of refractory fibers and a refractory binder compatible.
- the refractory fibers can be used as in the figures in the form of flexible textile, for example in woven ribbons, braided sheaths or felt ribbons. Their nature can be free ceramics. silica fibers or other refractory materials inorganic fibers available.
- the refractory binder can be a cement, a ceramic glue or other slip (for example based on sodium silicate (Na 2 S i O 3 ), clay and water) and is in liquid or pasty form for good wet and impregnate the fibers, it is represented by dotted lines referenced (5).
- the role of the binder is to agglomerate the fibers together and to densify their structure to sealing the shield, so as to be able to limit the thickness and the weight thereof while ensuring an effective thermal barrier against radiation and convection, and a barrier against possible chemical attack.
- the role of textile fibers is to ensure the mechanical resistance of the composite by reinforcing it, and to guarantee the regularity of the thickness of the thermal protection.
- These refractory tiles preferably have the form of rectangular plates, glued or fixed by any suitable adhesive or binder (7), tangentially to the tube and in a distribution preset along the tubes.
- the plates (6) will be denser to shield the radiation, or less dense in the form of a leutre to decrease conduction.
- a variant consists of superimposing on the plate (6) in dense ceramic making radiation shielding, a plate (8) of fibrous ceramic, under form of rigid felt or not, shielding the conduction.
- the adhesion of the gluing of the refractory tiles on the electrically insulated conductor is ensured by an intimate impregnation of the glue in refractory fibers placed on the driver.
- the width of the plates can be greater than the external diameter of the tube so as to form a screen.
- the refractory composite layer (4) may be a paste, more or less liquid, consisting of free nonwoven refractories intimately mixed with the binder (5) prior to implementation, application to the insulated part to be protected using a suitable applicator.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un dispositif de protection thermique des conducteurs électriques, plus particulièrement ceux des fours industriels en électrothermie, inductive, à arc, par résistance ou par rayonnement.The invention relates to a device for thermal protection of electrical conductors, more particularly those of industrial furnaces in electrothermal, inductive, arc, by resistance or radiation.
Les spires conductrices des gros inducteurs de fours industriels à induction, sont généralement constituées de tubes profilés en cuivre creux, refroidis par une circulation d'eau qui évacue les pertes joules ainsi que les calories dégagées par la charge chauffée à haute température par induction, et recouverts d'une couche d'isolation électrique qui ne conserve ses propriétés mécaniques et diélectriques que jusque vers 200 ou 220 ° C, voire 300° C pour les plus performants.The conductive turns of the large inductors of industrial induction ovens are usually made of hollow copper profiled tubes, cooled by water circulation which evacuates the joule losses as well as the calories released by the heated charge at high temperature by induction, and covered with a layer of electrical insulation which does not its mechanical and dielectric properties only up to around 200 or 220 ° C, or even 300 ° C for the most efficient.
Cette isolation électrique est fréquemment endommagée ou brûlée car les spires conductrices sont exposées à divers types de dommages par exemple à des projections de métal en fusion, ou à un rayonnement de chaleur très important en provenance du creuset ou des pièces chauffées à blanc, ou encore à un balayage par des gaz (carbone, acide chlorhydrique, hydrogène..) à haute température dans les fours de pyrolise.This electrical insulation is frequently damaged or burned because the turns are exposed to various types of damage such as molten metal, or very strong heat radiation from the crucible or parts heated to white, or even to sweeping by gases (carbon, acid hydrochloric, hydrogen, etc.) at high temperature in pyrolysis ovens.
Tout défaut dans l'isolation électrique génère des amorçages entre spires, ou entre les spires et la structure de l'inducteur mise à la terre, ou encore entre les spires et la charge mise à la terre.Any defect in the electrical insulation generates strikes between turns, or between turns and the structure of the inductor earthed, or between the turns and the load put To the earth.
Une solution connue pour remédier à ce problème est de noyer l'inducteur dans un cylindre de ciment ou de béton réfractaire.A known solution to remedy this problem is to drown the inductor in a cylinder of cement or refractory concrete.
Cette solution s'applique aux chauffe-lopins à induction mais n'est pas généralisable car elle présente plusieurs inconvénients :
- son volume et son poids sont importants ;
- cet enrobage réfractaire se coule sur place et le remplacement d'un inducteur dans un four de grande dimension deviendrait très long et onéreux ;
- en cas de défaut mineur sur un inducteur (défaut électrique, fuite d'eau...) il serait très difficile de localiser ce défaut pour une réparation partielle sans devoir casser l'ensemble de l'enrobage de béton et sans détériorer l'isolation électrique saine sous-jacente.
- sa mise en place et son entretien sont onéreux.
- its volume and weight are important;
- this refractory coating is poured on site and the replacement of an inductor in a large oven would become very long and expensive;
- in the event of a minor fault on an inductor (electrical fault, water leak, etc.) it would be very difficult to locate this fault for a partial repair without having to break the entire concrete coating and without damaging the insulation underlying healthy electric.
- its installation and maintenance are expensive.
L'art antérieur cite par ailleurs les documents US 3 828 119, US 3 900 701, US 5 104 735, DE 41 32 390 concernant tous des protections thermiques destinées à des câbles conducteurs électriques souples, unifilaires ou multi filaires.The prior art also cites the documents US 3 828 119, US 3 900 701, US 5 104 735, DE 41 32 390 concerning all thermal protections intended for flexible, single-wire or multi-wire electrical conductor cables.
Ces protections sont constituées d'un enrobage ne nuisant pas à la souplesse desdits conducteurs et résistant à des températures élevées pendant seulement quelques heures. Elles ne conviennent donc pas pour l'application aux fours industriels qui implique que la protection d'une part résiste à des fonctionnements de longue durée (plus de 10 000 h) et en continu, et d'autre part soit rigide de manière à assurer si nécessaire une fonction de support.These protections consist of a coating which does not affect flexibility of said conductors and resistant to high temperatures for only a few hours. They are therefore not suitable for application to ovens industrial which implies that the protection on the one hand resists functioning long-term (more than 10,000 h) and continuous, and on the other hand is rigid so as to provide a support function if necessary.
Le but de la présente invention est de trouver une isolation thermique capable de supporter les chocs thermiques et résolvant tous les problèmes de l'art antérieur. Cette solution devra notamment être légère, facile à installer, peu onéreuse, suffisamment dense pour être imperméable aux rayonnements de chaleur et aux infiltrations, par exemple de particules de carbone ou de goudron.The object of the present invention is to find a thermal insulation capable to withstand thermal shock and solve all the problems of the prior art. This solution should in particular be light, easy to install, inexpensive, dense enough to be impervious to heat radiation and infiltration, for example of carbon particles or tar.
Ce but est atteint par l'invention qui consiste en une combinaison de spires conductrices d'un inducteur d'un four industriel et d'une protection thermique desdites spires, lesdites spires conductrices étant constituées de tubes dans lesquels circule de l'eau de refroidissement, et étant recouverts d'au moins une couche électriquement isolante caractérisée en ce que lesdites spires sont recouvertes extérieurement d'une protection thermique formée d'au moins une couche de matériau réfractaire composite réalisé par une combinaison de fibres réfractaires et d'un liant réfractaire compatible, de façon à constituer un bouclier thermique pouvant supporter des températures extérieures comprises entre 500 et 1600°C. This object is achieved by the invention which consists of a combination of turns conductors of an inductor of an industrial oven and thermal protection said turns, said conductive turns being made up of tubes in which circulate cooling water, and being covered with at least one electrically insulating layer characterized in that said turns are externally covered with thermal protection formed by at least one layer of composite refractory material produced by a combination of fibers refractories and a compatible refractory binder, so as to constitute a shield thermal capable of withstanding outside temperatures between 500 and 1600 ° C.
Les fibres réfractaires sont mises en oeuvre sous forme de rubans tissés ou non tissés ou sous forme d'une pâte.The refractory fibers are used in the form of woven or non-woven ribbons or in the form of a paste.
Selon le mode de mise en oeuvre sous forme de rubans, ceux-ci sont disposés en au moins une épaisseur d'enroulements à recouvrement autour des spires de l'inducteur.According to the embodiment in the form of ribbons, these are arranged in at minus a thickness of overlapping windings around the turns of the inductor.
En outre, la protection thermique peut comporter en plus un ensemble de tuiles réfractaires collées ou liées au tube, tangentiellement à celui-ci, l'enrubannage préalable des spires par les fibres réfractaires permettant un bon accrochage de la colle réfractaire sur le conducteur isolé électriquement.In addition, the thermal protection may additionally include a set of tiles refractories glued or linked to the tube, tangentially to the latter, prior wrapping turns by the refractory fibers allowing good adhesion of the refractory glue on the electrically insulated conductor.
On comprendra mieux l'invention à l'aide de la description ci-après faite en référence aux figures annexées suivantes :
- figure 1 : vue en coupe schématique d'un tube conducteur isolé électriquement et thermiquement selon l'invention ;
- figure 2 : vue de dessus schématique du tube conducteur de la figure 1.
- Figure 1: schematic sectional view of an electrically and thermally insulated conductive tube according to the invention;
- Figure 2: schematic top view of the conductive tube of Figure 1.
Les spires conductrices d'un inducteur de four industriel sont constituées de tubes (1) en cuivre dans lesquels circule de l'eau de refroidissement.The conductive turns of an industrial furnace inductor consist of tubes (1) copper in which cooling water circulates.
De façon connue en soi, le tube est recouvert extérieurement d'une couche (2) isolante électriquement et éventuellement d'une pellicule d'élastomère-silicone (3), les couches de ces matériaux s'altérant au-delà de 220 à 250 ° C.In a manner known per se, the tube is covered externally with an insulating layer (2) electrically and optionally with an elastomer-silicone film (3), the layers of these materials deteriorate beyond 220 to 250 ° C.
Selon l'idée inventive générale, on recouvre le tube, par dessus l'isolation électrique (2) et la pellicule d'élastomère éventuelle (3), d'une couche composite réfractaire qui fait office de bouclier thermique, c'est-à-dire qui est capable de supporter un gradian de température trés important. According to the general inventive idea, the tube is covered, over the electrical insulation (2) and the optional elastomer film (3), of a refractory composite layer which acts as heat shield, that is to say which is capable of withstanding a very gradian temperature important.
A titre d'exemple, la lace externe du bouclier peut être exposée à des températures de l'ordre de 1000° C tandis que sa face interne dirigée vers l'axe du tube ne dépassera pas 200-220° C environ, l'épaisseur du bouclier thermique et la nature de ses composants étant fonction du niveau de la température extérieure à laquelle est soumis le conducteur.For example, the outer lace of the shield can be exposed to temperatures of around 1000 ° C while its internal face directed towards the axis of the tube will not exceed 200-220 ° C approximately, the thickness of the heat shield and the nature of its components being depending on the level of the outside temperature to which the conductor is subjected.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré mais non limitatif représenté sur les figures, ce bouclier thermique est constitué par une ou plusieurs couches (4) de matériaux réfractaires composites, réalisées par une combinaison de fibres réfractaires et d'un liant réfractaire compatible.According to a preferred but nonlimiting embodiment shown in the figures, this heat shield consists of one or more layers (4) of refractory materials composites, made by a combination of refractory fibers and a refractory binder compatible.
Les fibres réfractaires peuvent être mises en oeuvre comme sur les figures sous forme de textile souple, par exemple en rubans tissés, en gaines tressées ou en rubans de feutre. Leur nature peut être des libres céramiques. des fibres de silice ou autres matériaux réfractaires inorganiques disponibles en fibres.The refractory fibers can be used as in the figures in the form of flexible textile, for example in woven ribbons, braided sheaths or felt ribbons. Their nature can be free ceramics. silica fibers or other refractory materials inorganic fibers available.
Le liant réfractaire peut être un ciment, une colle céramique ou autre barbotine (par exemple à base de silicate de soude (Na2SiO3), d'argile et d'eau) et se présente sous forme liquide ou pâteuse pour bien mouiller et imprégner les fibres, il est représenté par des pointillés référencés (5).The refractory binder can be a cement, a ceramic glue or other slip (for example based on sodium silicate (Na 2 S i O 3 ), clay and water) and is in liquid or pasty form for good wet and impregnate the fibers, it is represented by dotted lines referenced (5).
Le rôle du liant est d'agglomérer les fibres entre elles et de densifier leur structure pour assurer l'étanchéité du bouclier, pour pouvoir ainsi limiter l'épaisseur et le poids de celui-ci tout en assurant une barrière thermique efficace contre le rayonnement et la convection, et une barrière contre les agressions chimiques éventuelles.The role of the binder is to agglomerate the fibers together and to densify their structure to sealing the shield, so as to be able to limit the thickness and the weight thereof while ensuring an effective thermal barrier against radiation and convection, and a barrier against possible chemical attack.
Le rôle des fibres textiles est d'assurer la résistance mécanique du composite en l'armant, et de garantir la régularité de l'épaisseur de la protection thermique.The role of textile fibers is to ensure the mechanical resistance of the composite by reinforcing it, and to guarantee the regularity of the thickness of the thermal protection.
De façon avantageuse, mais non obligatoire, on peut prévoir de fixer, extérieurement à la couche (4), ou en remplacement de une ou deux épaisseurs de fibres, un ensemble de tuiles réfractaires (6).Advantageously, but not compulsory, provision may be made to fix, externally to the layer (4), or to replace one or two thicknesses of fibers, a set of tiles refractory (6).
Ces tuiles réfractaires ont de préférence la forme de plaques rectangulaires, collées ou fixées par tout adhésif ou liant approprié (7), tangentiellement au tube et selon une répartition préétablie le long des tubes.These refractory tiles preferably have the form of rectangular plates, glued or fixed by any suitable adhesive or binder (7), tangentially to the tube and in a distribution preset along the tubes.
Ces plaques (6) seront en général collées sur la face des conducteurs orientée vers la charge chauffée à haute température, c'est-à-dire à l'intérieur de l'inducteur, entre les spires et la charge.These plates (6) will generally be glued to the face of the conductors facing the charge heated to high temperature, that is to say inside the inductor, between the turns and load.
Les plaques (6) seront plus denses pour faire écran au rayonnement, ou moins denses sous forme de leutre pour diminuer la conduction.The plates (6) will be denser to shield the radiation, or less dense in the form of a leutre to decrease conduction.
Dans les cas les plus sévères, une variante consiste à superposer à la plaque (6) en céramique dense faisant écrant au rayonnement, une plaque (8) en céramique fibreuse, sous forme de feutre rigide ou non, faisant écran à la conduction. In the most severe cases, a variant consists of superimposing on the plate (6) in dense ceramic making radiation shielding, a plate (8) of fibrous ceramic, under form of rigid felt or not, shielding the conduction.
L'adhérence du collage des tuiles réfractaires sur le conducteur isolé électriquement est assurée par une imprégnation intime de la colle dans des fibres réfractaires mises en place sur le conducteur.The adhesion of the gluing of the refractory tiles on the electrically insulated conductor is ensured by an intimate impregnation of the glue in refractory fibers placed on the driver.
L'enrubannage préalable du conducteur par des fibres réfractaires permettra un bon accrochage de la colle réfractaire (7) utilisée pour la fixation des plaquettes sur le conducteur isolé électriquement, spécialement dans le cas où l'isolation électrique est recouverte par une pellicule d'élastomère-silicone, matériau réputé pour être anti-adhésif.The prior wrapping of the conductor with refractory fibers will allow good attachment of the refractory glue (7) used for fixing the plates on the conductor electrically insulated, especially in the case where the electrical insulation is covered by a elastomer-silicone film, material known to be non-stick.
La largeur des plaques peut être supérieure au diamètre externe du tube de manière à former écran. Ces plaques sont faciles à installer et à remplacer en cas de détérioration d'où une diminution du coût d'entretien du four.The width of the plates can be greater than the external diameter of the tube so as to form a screen. These plates are easy to install and replace in case of deterioration where a reduction in the cost of maintaining the oven.
Selon une variante de réalisation la couche composite réfractaire (4) pourra être une pâte, plus ou moins liquide, constituée de libres réfractaires non tissées intimement mélangées avec le liant (5) préalablement à la mise en oeuvre, l'application sur la pièce isolée à protéger se faisant avec un applicateur adéquat.According to an alternative embodiment, the refractory composite layer (4) may be a paste, more or less liquid, consisting of free nonwoven refractories intimately mixed with the binder (5) prior to implementation, application to the insulated part to be protected using a suitable applicator.
Dans le texte qui précède, et sur les dessins, on a présenté, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, des tubes de section circulaire. Bien entendu, l'invention s'applique à tout type de profilé de section ovale ou carrée ou autre et les plaques pourront être collées sur une des faces du tube et non tangentiellement.In the foregoing text, and in the drawings, the following are presented, by way of non-limiting example, circular section tubes. Of course, the invention applies to any type of profile of oval or square or other section and the plates can be glued on one side of the tube and not tangentially.
Claims (8)
- Combination of conductor coils for an inductor of an industrial furnace and a thermal protective means for said coils, said conductor coils comprising tubes (1) in which cooling water circulates, and being covered with at least one electrically insulating layer (2), characterised in that said coils are covered externally with a thermal protective means formed from at least one layer (4) of composite refractory material made up of a combination of refractory fibres and a compatible refractory bonding agent (5), so as to form a heat shield which can withstand external temperatures of between 500 and 1600° C.
- Combination of conductor coils for an inductor of an industrial furnace and a thermal protective means for said coils according to claim 1, characterised in that the refractory fibres are used in the form of woven ribbons.
- Combination of conductor coils for an inductor of an industrial furnace and a thermal protective means for said coils according to claim 1, characterised in that the refractory fibres are used in the form of non-woven, felt-type ribbons.
- Combination of conductor coils for an inductor of an industrial furnace and a thermal protective means for said coils according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the ribbons are disposed in at least one thickness of overlapping winding.
- Combination of conductor coils for an inductor of an industrial furnace and a thermal protective means for said coils according to claim 1, characterised in that the refractory fibres are used in the form of a composition of non-woven fibres previously mixed with the bonding agent (5).
- Combination of conductor coils for an inductor of an industrial furnace and a thermal protective means for said coils according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the thermal protective means additionally includes an assembly of dense or less dense refractory tiles glued or bonded to the tube.
- Combination of conductor coils for an inductor of an industrial furnace and a thermal protective means for said coils according to claim 6, characterised in that a fibrous ceramic plate (8) is superposed on a dense ceramic plate.
- Combination of conductor coils for an inductor of an industrial furnace and a thermal protective means for said coils according to one of claims 6 and 7, characterised in that the adherence of the gluing for the refractory tiles to an electrically insulated coil is ensured by an intimate impregnation of the glue into refractory fibres placed on the conductor.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9807808A FR2780135B1 (en) | 1998-06-18 | 1998-06-18 | THERMAL PROTECTION FORMING THERMAL SHIELD |
| FR9807808 | 1998-06-18 | ||
| PCT/FR1999/001382 WO1999066617A1 (en) | 1998-06-18 | 1999-06-11 | Thermal protection forming a heat shield |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1088381A1 EP1088381A1 (en) | 2001-04-04 |
| EP1088381B1 true EP1088381B1 (en) | 2004-09-22 |
Family
ID=9527642
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99925066A Expired - Lifetime EP1088381B1 (en) | 1998-06-18 | 1999-06-11 | Thermal protection forming a heat shield |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6501028B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1088381B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002518974A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE277445T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2335722A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69920449D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2780135B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999066617A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120194092A1 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-02 | Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. | Discharge lamp with long life |
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| JP3215407B2 (en) | 1989-07-18 | 2001-10-09 | ヘムロツク・セミコンダクター・コーポレーシヨン | High temperature reactor |
| GB2250996A (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1992-06-24 | Lycab Limited | Composite material |
| DE4120205A1 (en) | 1991-06-19 | 1992-12-24 | Saveway Gmbh | WARNING DEVICE FOR INDUCTION MELTING OVENS |
| DE4132390C2 (en) | 1991-09-26 | 2000-09-21 | Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi Spa | Flame retardant electrical cable |
| US5229200A (en) | 1991-12-18 | 1993-07-20 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Static dissipative nonwoven textile material |
| US5849379A (en) | 1997-01-06 | 1998-12-15 | Bentley-Harris Inc. | Wrappable sleeve |
| US6229126B1 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2001-05-08 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Induction heating system with a flexible coil |
-
1998
- 1998-06-18 FR FR9807808A patent/FR2780135B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-06-11 DE DE69920449T patent/DE69920449D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-11 EP EP99925066A patent/EP1088381B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-11 JP JP2000555346A patent/JP2002518974A/en active Pending
- 1999-06-11 AT AT99925066T patent/ATE277445T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-11 CA CA002335722A patent/CA2335722A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-11 WO PCT/FR1999/001382 patent/WO1999066617A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2000
- 2000-12-14 US US09/719,613 patent/US6501028B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2780135A1 (en) | 1999-12-24 |
| CA2335722A1 (en) | 1999-12-23 |
| WO1999066617A1 (en) | 1999-12-23 |
| EP1088381A1 (en) | 2001-04-04 |
| FR2780135B1 (en) | 2000-08-25 |
| ATE277445T1 (en) | 2004-10-15 |
| DE69920449D1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
| US6501028B1 (en) | 2002-12-31 |
| JP2002518974A (en) | 2002-06-25 |
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