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EP0929785B1 - Method and device for training the tactile perception of a marksman, in particular a sport marksman - Google Patents

Method and device for training the tactile perception of a marksman, in particular a sport marksman Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0929785B1
EP0929785B1 EP97943032A EP97943032A EP0929785B1 EP 0929785 B1 EP0929785 B1 EP 0929785B1 EP 97943032 A EP97943032 A EP 97943032A EP 97943032 A EP97943032 A EP 97943032A EP 0929785 B1 EP0929785 B1 EP 0929785B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
shooter
signals
electrical signals
conversion
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EP97943032A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0929785A1 (en
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Pierre Trabut
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A33/00—Adaptations for training; Gun simulators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for educating the tactile perception of a shooter.
  • It also relates to an apparatus for implementing such a method.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the field of sport shooting, the success depends a lot on the control of the pressure of the finger on the trigger.
  • the shooter To be in control of the start of the shot, the shooter must be able to maintain and control the pressure of his index finger on the tail of the trigger to the value as close as possible to that of the start of the blow, so as to reach it and cross the threshold without disturbing the immobility of the weapon. Otherwise, it's the "coup finger "and failure.
  • the sense of touch allows the shooter to assess the value of the pressure exerted by the index finger on the trigger tail, but we ask a shooter to compare the trigger of a "DES 69" model pistol with that of a revolver model "MR 73", it finds that of "DES” heavier while it is the opposite (1000 g against 1360 g, the error coming from the fact that the trigger of the "MR 73 "is more progressive).
  • a good shooter (regional level) supports as gradually as possible on the trigger tail. He sends the order to his index then no longer takes care of it while trying to stay online. He must be surprised by the departure of the stroke.
  • This trigger device for firing rhythm exercise comprises a trigger box (1) in which are disposed a release pawl (20) capable of being held in position and pivoting, a trigger pawl (12) capable of 'be kept in position and also pivoting as well as a pivoting trigger (3).
  • the detent pawl (12) rests, by its free end, on a support (14) in the form of a roller.
  • the preferred path is adjustable using a positioning screw (6) and (21).
  • the preferred weight is the sum of the forces of a tension spring (7 and two pressure springs (10,15), this preferential weight being adjustable by via a positioning screw (9).
  • the angle alpha is approximately 90 ° between the rest stop of the pawl (20) and the point of rotation (8) of the release pawl (20) as well as with the point of rotation (11) of the ratchet (12).
  • the release pawl (20) is released by the force of the spring (15) in the return direction on the adjusting screw (21), which simulates the release shooting.
  • the pawl (12) slides under the effect of the spring force (10) in the return position to the exit position. It is so possible to have an unlimited number of trigger movements without it being need for additional reloading or refilling process voltage.
  • this education can be carried out from a simple idea : rely on the perception of our most precise senses (hearing and especially sight) to develop the acuity of the sense of touch and the tactile perception of pressure.
  • the invention therefore sets itself the goal of providing the shooter with two concomitant perceptions of the same tactile stimulus, advantageously simultaneous and proportional, thus making it possible to refine and educate tactile perception, while at the same time as it helps to accustom the muscles concerned to dose also exactly as possible their effort to find, as a reflex, the level of contraction required.
  • Piezoelectricity which is used in a preferred embodiment of the invention, is applied to a shooting weapon and to a system for simulating a shooting which bring, in addition to the education of tactile perception in connection with the motor skills, thanks to a video system provided with a software interface, elements new pedagogical methods to improve the shooter's technique: detection of the "finger stroke" and indication of the stability of the weapon or its movement at the start of the coup.
  • a device based on the use of an electromagnet, simulating the recoil from the stroke ; the simulation of shooting being practiced by the shooters of firearms of the same as the compressed gas shooting is part of the training of these shooters.
  • the method according to the invention relates to both live fire and simulation shooting.
  • the method and apparatus according to the invention have many advantages and, in particular, they contribute effectively to the control of the blow. They solicit sense of sight and / or sense of hearing parallel to the sense of touch. We can therefore say that the process uses multi-sensory multi-solicitation concomitant, both simultaneous and proportional.
  • the conversion of the pressure exerted on the detent member (11) of any weapon (not shown) in signals electric is carried out by a hydraulic system.
  • An elastic pressure-receiving capsule (1) is stuck on a finger of glove threaded on the shooter's index finger (not shown) or fixed to the tail of trigger (11). the capsule filled with liquid is subjected to the pressure exerted by the shooter.
  • a thin flexible non-elastic tube (2) transmits this pressure through liquid to a pressure gauge (4) which by the deformation of its flattened tube, causes the cursor needle (8) of a rheostat (5).
  • a purge is planned (3).
  • a source of electric current (6) (cell or battery) rechargeable may just as well fit here) powers a serial circuit comprising the rheostat (5) and a receiving member (7), comprising a resistance entry.
  • the intensity of the current flowing in the aforementioned series circuit will be more or less strong, because the rheostat impedance (5) will vary.
  • the voltage on the input of the receiving organ (7) will therefore also vary in proportion to the pressure exerted.
  • the cursor needle (8) of a rheostat (5) driven by the pressure gauge (4) constantly converts the pressure exerted on the expansion member (11) and measured by the elastic capsule (1) in electrical signals. The signals then transmitted to the input of an operating body (27) (not shown in Figure 1) and will give rise to visual signals and / or hearing aids, as described below:
  • FIG. 2 A second embodiment of an apparatus for implementing the invention will be described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the conversion of the pressure exerted on the detent member (11) of any weapon is effected by a mechanical system mounted on the mechanism of this weapon.
  • the apparatus comprises a rheostat (5).
  • the drive of the rheostat (5) is obtained by a rack and pinion system (18) and gears (19).
  • the House warming party (18) consists of a partial toothed crown located in the extension of the trigger. It rotates around a fixed axis (16). She is pushed back, on the end close to the ring gear, by a spring (17) and driven, on its other end (9), by the expansion member (11). This last in rotation around a fixed axis (15) is pushed back to its whole by a member on springs. It is precisely this organ that creates the pressure to overcome.
  • Gears (number of gears required and number of teeth each gear) are calculated so that the rack travel (18) corresponds to that of the rheostat (5). As before, this last modifies the amplitude of the current, so as to generate electrical signals proportional to the pressure exerted on the expansion member (11). For to do this, the rheostat (5) is placed in series with an electrical power source and a current measuring device (not shown), so that similar fact to what has been described in relation to figure (1). The signals The electrics thus generated are then used in the manner which will be described below.
  • FIG. 3 A third embodiment of an apparatus for implementing the invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the conversion of the pressure exerted on the detent member (11) of a weapon is effected by making use of a piezoelectric pressure or a similar sensor (quartz sensor, ceramic, etc. ).
  • the pressure exerted on the trigger member (11) of a weapon takes place mainly by a force sensor, the pressure sensor involving the random parameter of the contact surface between the shooter's index finger and the sensor placed on the tail of the weapon.
  • the sensor (38) is connected to an electronic amplifier. This last amplifies the signal and, if necessary, adapts it for later use (impedance matching, filtering, etc.).
  • the amplifier is housed in a box (33) with its electrical supply, or else miniaturized and housed in the weapon real.
  • These signals can be displayed directly on the weapon (below the sighting system) or can be displayed by the noise canceling headset which is generally equipped with the shooter as illustrated in figure 4.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an example of a noise-canceling headset modified for the needs of the method according to the invention.
  • it has two ear protectors adjustable sides.
  • the adjustable position it includes in addition, on its front part, two glasses (24) and (25), arranged respectively in face of each shooter's eye, one transparent, the other translucent.
  • the latter displays signals from the pressure conversion exerted on the trigger member (11) ( Figures 1 to 3).
  • the visualization organ (23) is arranged, either on the glass placed in front of the directing eye (aiming eye), either in front of the other eye.
  • this display member must therefore be removable.
  • This embodiment with helmet applies more particularly to the real shot.
  • the signals can be displayed also on a distant video screen (31) simulating the target aimed by the shooter, in the case of a simulated shot.
  • the signals which represent the pressure exerted on the trigger, as well as other visual signals are displayed on the video screen (31): the pressure by representation of a rectangle representing the dial of a voltmeter or much of a liquid crystal dial (35). Pressure can still be represented in the upper half of the vertical axis of the target by a pressure vector instantaneous (36), increasing from top to bottom and arriving at the pressure of start of the hit in the center of the target.
  • the display on the video screen (31) of the pressure curve over time for the last 100 or 200 grams pressure forces before the start pressure of the blow makes it possible to detect the "finger strokes" as illustrated more particularly by the diagram of the figure 6.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the variation of the pressure exerted on the expansion member as a function of time.
  • the origin of the times to is the instant for which the pressure force po exerted (horizontal axis) is, for example, in the range of the last 100 or 200 grams forces before departure suddenly, typically 800 or 900 gf. More precisely, two curves are represented: curve A illustrates a good shot and curve B a "finger shot", the triggering threshold p c being reached too quickly.
  • the aiming target is therefore a virtual target displayed by the video screen (31).
  • interface circuits (32) processing the received signals. It can be advantageously of a data processing system with recorded program. In this case, these circuits are provided with a conventional analog-digital converter.
  • the shooting weapon emits a collimated laser beam or the like. (infrared, etc.), the impact of which on the target is referenced 37 in FIG. 3.
  • the recorded program can advantageously consist of software configurable, so as to offer all possibilities in accordance with the rules in force in different shooting disciplines and for all calibers of weapons, this which offers great flexibility of operation. He can in particular carry out an automatic scaling of the dimensions of the target appearing on the screen, as a function of the weapon-target distance measured using a laser beam. To do this, the aforementioned laser beam can be used. Similarly, we can simulate the dimension of the impacts, according to the caliber of the weapon, the display and the numbering chronological of impacts, display of totals, and of corrections made by the shooter in his aim.
  • the software controls the display of two impacts for a single shot as illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the first impact or “laser impact” (IL) does not take into account the impulse transverse to its trajectory imprinted on the projectile in the case of movement of the weapon at the start of the shot.
  • the second impact or “projectile impact” (IP) corresponds to the real shot with projectile.
  • the two impacts are separated on the screen by a vector (8) representing, at the desired scale, the acceleration transverse to the line of sight due to the movement of the weapon at the instant of the start of the shot.
  • the sector which separates on the video screen the point "projectile impact” from the point "laser impact” called ⁇ is in fact the velocity vector of the movement of the weapon which exerts a transverse acceleration taking the projectile away along its trajectory , this speed vector being called V.
  • the acceleration ⁇ is obtained by difference of the vector V with a second speed vector V 'obtained from a third impact on the screen.
  • the time elapsed between the first impact (known as projectile impact) and the second impact (known as "laser impact”) being equal to the time which elapses between the second and third impact.
  • This indication in addition to giving a result consistent with the actual shot, has the advantage of informing the shooter about the stability of his weapon and of give an account of what it does exactly at the very brief moment of letting go.
  • the pressure exerted on the organ of trigger can be converted into electrical signals usable by organs visualization or a program digital data processing system saved, for proper display.
  • These electrical signals can be further converted to using an electro-acoustic converter.
  • the earmuffs comprises a housing (20) for example arranged on the top, which receives electrical signals from electrical pressure-voltage conversion (or current), for example of the member (7) ( Figure 1), on an input (27).
  • this input can take the form of a jack or similar.
  • This housing provides control signals to the display member (23).
  • electro-acoustic transducers may however include additional electronic circuits transmitting the aforementioned signals to electro-acoustic transducers (not visible) arranged in the earmuffs of the helmet, via the connecting wires (29) and (30).
  • electroacoustic transducers for example noisemakers, are advantageously associated with potentiometers (21) carried by the ear protectors and whose control buttons are accessible from the outside.
  • the sound signal of which the intensity increases "in real time” in proportion to the pressure exerted on the trigger, stops just before the start of the blow.
  • the circuits additional arranged in the housing (20) include a generator signal signal in the range of acoustic frequencies.
  • the amplitude of the alternating signal generated, and therefore of the auditory signal perceived by the shooter is controlled by the amplitude of the electrical signals received on the input (27).
  • attenuation and / or balancing of auditory signals can be achieved via the potentiometers (21).
  • the range of "silence” is positioned thanks to an additional potentiometer (22) included in the housing circuits (20) and accessible from the outside, as illustrated more particularly in FIG.
  • This potentiometer (22) acts conventionally to set an adjustable threshold value transmitted to electronic circuits, by example a logic gate triggering a bi-stable rocker. We set the start from the range of silence to the pressure value from which the blow finger is practically no longer possible.
  • the apparatus according to the invention therefore uses, in a preferred embodiment, a piezoelectric effect sensor or the like.
  • This sensor transforms the finger pressure on the trigger in signals suitable for improving the technique of shooter either on a real weapon associated with a signal helmet or on a weapon of simulation of shooting associated with a video system software interface.
  • the barrel part (40) and the breech (39) are replaced by a case of the same height.
  • the piezoelectric sensor (38) is placed on the tail of relaxation.
  • the amplifier associated with the sensor (figure 3: 33) is housed at the location of the cylinder head (39).
  • the laser transmitter is housed at the location of the barrel (40).
  • the housing (40) carries the handlebar (41) of the sighting system.
  • the part rear of the pistol (43) can support a signal display member (42) visual (liquid crystal display, light emitting diodes or voltmeter), a female jack is placed under the handle and connects the weapon to video system (see Figure 3), by a connecting cable (not shown).
  • the display member (42) consists of two sets of three light-emitting diodes placed symmetrically with respect to to the rear sight of the weapon, also carried by the rear (43); the three diodes electroluminescent of each set being for example of colors red, green and yellow, respectively.
  • a diode of a specific color lights up therefore when the pressure exerted on the expansion member exceeds thresholds predetermined, which can be adjusted, in particular, according to the simulated weapon.
  • the display unit for example of the type of light-emitting diode arrays, can be integrated into the bezel or placed in front of it.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Gyroscopes (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Electrically Operated Instructional Devices (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Control Of Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

For training the tactile perception of a marksman, in particular of a sport marksman, during the firing of a shot in which the marksman exercising a pressure on a trigger of a real or simulation firearm which triggers the shot when it crosses a predetermined threshold, a training process comprises (i) measuring the pressure exercised on said trigger by a finger of said marksman, (ii) converting said measured pressure into electric signals representing an instantaneous amplitude of a pressure vector, and (iii) transforming in real time said electric signals into signals perceptible by a sense of the marksman other than the tactile sense, so that the marksman can in real time follow the variation of the pressure exercised on said trigger until the departure of said shot in simultaneity and in synchronism with the tactile perception perceived by said finger. A training device for implementing this process is also provided.

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé pour éduquer la perception tactile d'un tireur.The invention relates to a method for educating the tactile perception of a shooter.

Elle concerne également un appareil pour la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé.It also relates to an apparatus for implementing such a method.

L'invention concerne plus particulièrement le domaine du tir sportif dont la réussite dépend beaucoup de la maítrise de la pression du doigt sur la détente.The invention relates more particularly to the field of sport shooting, the success depends a lot on the control of the pressure of the finger on the trigger.

Deux paramètres fondamentaux régissent la technique du tir :

  • a/ être "en face" de la cible,
  • b/ avoir son arme stable à l'instant du départ du coup.
    • Two fundamental parameters govern the shooting technique:
  • a / be "in front" of the target,
  • b / have his weapon stable at the time of the start of the shot.

    • Pour être maítre du départ du coup, le tireur doit pouvoir maintenir et contrôler la pression de son index sur la queue de l'organe de détente à la valeur la plus proche possible de celle du départ du coup, de façon à l'atteindre et en franchir le seuil sans perturber l'immobilité de l'arme. Sinon, c'est le "coup de doigt" et l'échec. Le sens du toucher permet au tireur d'évaluer la valeur de la pression exercée par l'index sur la queue de détente, mais on demande à un tireur de comparer la détente d'un pistolet modèle "DES 69" à celle d'un revolver modèle "MR 73", il trouve celle du "DES" plus lourde alors que c'est l'inverse (1000 g contre 1360 g, l'erreur provenant du fait que la détente du "MR 73" est plus progressive).To be in control of the start of the shot, the shooter must be able to maintain and control the pressure of his index finger on the tail of the trigger to the value as close as possible to that of the start of the blow, so as to reach it and cross the threshold without disturbing the immobility of the weapon. Otherwise, it's the "coup finger "and failure. The sense of touch allows the shooter to assess the value of the pressure exerted by the index finger on the trigger tail, but we ask a shooter to compare the trigger of a "DES 69" model pistol with that of a revolver model "MR 73", it finds that of "DES" heavier while it is the opposite (1000 g against 1360 g, the error coming from the fact that the trigger of the "MR 73 "is more progressive).

    Un bon tireur (niveau régional) appuie le plus progressivement possible sur la queue de détente. Il envoie l'ordre à son index puis ne s'en occupe plus pendant qu'il s'efforce de rester en ligne. Il doit être surpris par le départ du coup.A good shooter (regional level) supports as gradually as possible on the trigger tail. He sends the order to his index then no longer takes care of it while trying to stay online. He must be surprised by the departure of the stroke.

    Un excellent tireur (niveau international) monte en pression jusqu'au seuil de départ du coup. Il se maintient à cette pression critique jusqu'au moment où sa ligne de mire est parfaite, et une fois stabilisé, il franchit le seuil sans ébranler son arme.An excellent shooter (international level) builds up pressure to the threshold start time. It maintains this critical pressure until the moment when his line of sight is perfect, and once stabilized, he crosses the threshold without shake his gun.

    L'état technique le plus proche de l'objet de la présente demande concerne un dispositif décrit dans le document EP-A-0 122 220, pour éduquer la perception tactile d'un tireur qui exerce une pression sur l'organe de détente d'une arme, ladite pression déclenchant le tir lorsqu'elle franchit un seuil prédéterminé [angle (11,22,8) > 90°. Ce dispositif de détente pour l'exercice de rythme de tir comporte un boítier de détente (1) dans lequel sont disposés un cliquet de libération (20) susceptible d'être maintenu en position et pivotant, un cliquet de détente (12) susceptible d'être maintenu en position et également pivotant ainsi qu'un levier de détente (3) pivotant. Le cliquet de détente (12) repose, par son extrémité libre, sur un support (14) en forme de rouleau. The technical state closest to the subject of this application concerns a device described in document EP-A-0 122 220, for educating the tactile perception of a shooter who exerts pressure on the trigger member 'a weapon, said pressure triggering the firing when it crosses a predetermined threshold [angle (11,22,8)> 90 °. This trigger device for firing rhythm exercise comprises a trigger box (1) in which are disposed a release pawl (20) capable of being held in position and pivoting, a trigger pawl (12) capable of 'be kept in position and also pivoting as well as a pivoting trigger (3). The detent pawl (12) rests, by its free end, on a support (14) in the form of a roller.

    Le chemin préférentiel est réglable à l'aide d'une vis de positionnement (6) et (21). Le poids préférentiel est la somme des forces d'un ressort de traction (7 et de deux ressorts de pression (10,15), ce poids préférentiel étant réglable par l'intermédiaire d'une vis de positionnement (9). En position de pression, l'angle alpha est d'environ de 90° entre l'arrête de repos du cliquet (20) et le point de rotation (8) du cliquet de libération (20) ainsi qu'avec le point de rotation (11) du cliquet (12). En poursuivant le mouvement de la détente (2) en position de déclenchement X, le cliquet de libération (20) est libéré par la force du ressort (15) en direction de retour sur la vis de réglage (21), ce qui permet de simuler la libération du tir. Après libération du tir, le cliquet (12) glisse sous l'effet de la force du ressort (10) en position de retour vers la position de sortie. Il est ainsi possible d'avoir un nombre de mouvements de détente illimités sans qu'il soit nécessaire de processus supplémentaire de rechargement ou de remise sous tension.The preferred path is adjustable using a positioning screw (6) and (21). The preferred weight is the sum of the forces of a tension spring (7 and two pressure springs (10,15), this preferential weight being adjustable by via a positioning screw (9). In the pressure position, the angle alpha is approximately 90 ° between the rest stop of the pawl (20) and the point of rotation (8) of the release pawl (20) as well as with the point of rotation (11) of the ratchet (12). Continuing the movement of the trigger (2) in the release position X, the release pawl (20) is released by the force of the spring (15) in the return direction on the adjusting screw (21), which simulates the release shooting. After releasing the shot, the pawl (12) slides under the effect of the spring force (10) in the return position to the exit position. It is so possible to have an unlimited number of trigger movements without it being need for additional reloading or refilling process voltage.

    Un très bon tireur (niveau national) oscille entre les deux techniques précédentes, selon sa forme du moment.A very good shooter (national level) oscillates between the two previous techniques, according to its form of the moment.

    A partir de la constatation que le sens du toucher donne une donne une évaluation quantitative de la pression très insuffisante et pour pallier cette défaillance physiologique, on ne peut que conclure à la nécessité d'éduquer les corpuscules de Pacini qui sont les récepteurs de la pression profonde situés sous la peau de la première phalange de l'index. From the observation that the sense of touch gives a gives a very insufficient quantitative assessment of pressure and to remedy this failure physiological one can only conclude that there is a need to educate Pacini corpuscles which are the deep pressure receptors located under the skin of the first phalanx of the index finger.

    Selon l'invention, cette éducation peut s'effectuer à partir d'une idée simple : s'appuyer sur la perception de nos sens les plus précis (l'ouïe et surtout la vue) pour développer l'acuité du sens du toucher et de la perception tactile de pression.According to the invention, this education can be carried out from a simple idea : rely on the perception of our most precise senses (hearing and especially sight) to develop the acuity of the sense of touch and the tactile perception of pressure.

    Par au moins une perception supplémentaire (visuelle et/ou auditive), l'invention se fixe donc pour but d'apporter au tireur deux perceptions concomitantes du même stimulus tactile, avantageusement simultanées et proportionnelles, permettant ainsi d'affiner et d'éduquer la perception tactile, en même temps qu'elle permet d'habituer les muscles concernés à doser aussi exactement que possible leur effort pour arriver à trouver, comme par réflexe, le niveau de contraction requis.By at least one additional perception (visual and / or auditory), the invention therefore sets itself the goal of providing the shooter with two concomitant perceptions of the same tactile stimulus, advantageously simultaneous and proportional, thus making it possible to refine and educate tactile perception, while at the same time as it helps to accustom the muscles concerned to dose also exactly as possible their effort to find, as a reflex, the level of contraction required.

    Dans l'art connu, rien n'existe de semblable dans de domaine, d'où l'idée de construire un appareil permettant de quantifier la pression exercée par l'index sur la queue de détente et de la transformer pour la rendre accessible simultanément et de façon proportionnellement quantifiée au sens de l'ouïe et au sens de la vue, qui sont plus précis que le sens du toucher, donc d'en avoir une appréhension plus exacte.In known art, nothing similar exists in the field, hence the idea to build a device to quantify the pressure exerted by the index on the trigger and transform it to make it accessible simultaneously and proportionally quantified in the sense of hearing and sense of sight, which are more precise than the sense of touch, so having a more exact apprehension.

    La transformation de la pression en signaux peut s'effectuer selon trois modes de réalisation principaux; ces modes de réalisation étant chronologiquement de mieux en mieux adaptées à l'objectif, le dernier mode faisant appel à un récepteur piézo-électrique étant le mieux adapté.There are three ways to convert pressure into signals main embodiments; these embodiments being chronologically better and better adapted to the objective, the last mode using to a piezoelectric receiver being the most suitable.

    La piézo-electricité, qui est retenue dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, est appliquée à une arme de tir et à un système de simulation de tir qui apportent, outre l'éducation de la perception tactile en liaison avec la motricité, grâce à un système vidéo muni d'un interface logiciel, des éléments pédagogiques nouveaux propres à améliorer la technique du tireur : détection du "coup de doigt" et indication de la stabilité de l'arme ou de son mouvement au départ du coup. Au système de simulation de tir, on peut adjoindre un dispositif, basé sur l'utilisation d'un électro-aimant, simulant le recul au départ du coup ; la simulation de tir étant pratiquée par les tireurs d'armes à feu de la même façon que le tir à gaz comprimé fait partie de l'entraínement de ces tireurs. Piezoelectricity, which is used in a preferred embodiment of the invention, is applied to a shooting weapon and to a system for simulating a shooting which bring, in addition to the education of tactile perception in connection with the motor skills, thanks to a video system provided with a software interface, elements new pedagogical methods to improve the shooter's technique: detection of the "finger stroke" and indication of the stability of the weapon or its movement at the start of the coup. To the fire simulation system, we can add a device, based on the use of an electromagnet, simulating the recoil from the stroke ; the simulation of shooting being practiced by the shooters of firearms of the same as the compressed gas shooting is part of the training of these shooters.

    Le procédé selon l'invention concerne aussi bien le tir réel que la simulation de tir.The method according to the invention relates to both live fire and simulation shooting.

    L'invention a donc pour objet un procédé pour éduquer la perception tactile d'un tireur, notamment d'un tireur sportif, ledit tireur exerçant une pression sur l'organe de détente d'une arme, réelle ou de simulation, ladite pression déclenchant le tir lorsqu'elle franchit un seuil prédéterminé, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins les étapes suivantes :

    • mesure de la pression exercée sur ledit organe de détente par le doigt dudit tireur,
    • conversion de ladite pression mesurée en signaux électriques représentant l'amplitude instantanée du vecteur pression,
    • traitement desdits signaux électriques perceptibles par un sens du tireur autre que le sens du toucher, pour qu'il puisse suivre en temps réel la variation de la pression exercée sur ledit organe de détente jusqu'au départ dudit tir en simultanéité et synchronisé avec la perception tactile perçue par ledit doigt.
    The subject of the invention is therefore a method for educating the tactile perception of a shooter, in particular of a sports shooter, said shooter exerting pressure on the trigger member of a weapon, real or simulated, said trigger pressure the shot when it crosses a predetermined threshold, characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps:
    • measuring the pressure exerted on said trigger member by the finger of said shooter,
    • conversion of said pressure measured into electrical signals representing the instantaneous amplitude of the pressure vector,
    • processing of said electric signals perceptible by a sense of the shooter other than the sense of touch, so that it can follow in real time the variation of the pressure exerted on said trigger member until the start of said shot simultaneously and synchronized with perception tactile perceived by said finger.

    Le procédé et l'appareil selon l'invention présentent de nombreux avantages et, notamment, ils contribuent efficacement à la maítrise du coup. Ils sollicitent le sens de la vue et/ou le sens de l'ouïe parallèlement au sens du toucher. On peut donc affirmer que le procédé utilise une pluri-sollicitation multi-sensorielle concomitante, à la fois simultanée et proportionnelle.The method and apparatus according to the invention have many advantages and, in particular, they contribute effectively to the control of the blow. They solicit sense of sight and / or sense of hearing parallel to the sense of touch. We can therefore say that the process uses multi-sensory multi-solicitation concomitant, both simultaneous and proportional.

    L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaítront à la lecture de la description qui suit en référence aux figures annexées, parmi lesquelles :

    • la figure 1 représente des circuits hydraulique et électrique de modulation, selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
    • la figure 2 représente un mécanisme de modulation et son circuit électrique sur des armes de simulation de tir;
    • la figure 3 représente un appareil de simulation de tir selon l'invention et son système de visualisation vidéo;
    • la figure 4 représente un casque porte-signaux;
    • la figure 5 représente le boítier électronique du casque porte-signaux de la figure 4;
    • la figure 6 représente la courbe de la pression sur l'organe de détente en fonction du temps, avant le départ du coup;
    • la figure 7 représente un affichage vidéo de l'impact d'un faisceau laser et de l'impact simulé d'un projectile;
    • la figure 8 représente un pistolet de simulation de tir dérivé d'un modèle d'arme réelle.
    The invention will be better understood and other characteristics and advantages will appear on reading the description which follows with reference to the appended figures, among which:
    • FIG. 1 represents hydraulic and electrical modulation circuits, according to a first embodiment of the invention,
    • FIG. 2 represents a modulation mechanism and its electrical circuit on fire simulation weapons;
    • FIG. 3 represents a shooting simulation device according to the invention and its video display system;
    • FIG. 4 represents a signal carrying helmet;
    • 5 shows the electronic box of the signal holder helmet of Figure 4;
    • FIG. 6 represents the curve of the pressure on the expansion member as a function of time, before the start of the blow;
    • FIG. 7 represents a video display of the impact of a laser beam and of the simulated impact of a projectile;
    • FIG. 8 represents a gun for simulating fire derived from a model of real weapon.

    On va maintenant décrire un premier mode de réalisation d'un appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention, par référence à la figure 1.We will now describe a first embodiment of an apparatus for the implementation of the invention, with reference to FIG. 1.

    Selon ce mode de réalisation, la conversion de la pression exercée sur l'organe de détente (11) d'une arme quelconque (non représentée) en signaux électriques s'effectue par un système hydraulique.According to this embodiment, the conversion of the pressure exerted on the detent member (11) of any weapon (not shown) in signals electric is carried out by a hydraulic system.

    Une capsule élastique réceptrice de pression (1) est collée sur un doigt de gant enfilé sur l'index du tireur (non représenté) ou bien fixée à la queue de détente (11). la capsule remplie de liquide est soumise à la pression exercée par le tireur. Un tube fin souple non élastique (2) transmet cette pression grâce au liquide à un manomètre (4) qui par la déformation de son tube aplati, entraíne l'aiguille-curseur (8) d'un rhéostat (5). De façon en elle-même classique, on prévoit une purge (3). Une source de courant électrique (6) (pile ou batterie rechargeable peuvent tout aussi bien convenir ici) alimente un circuit série comprenant le rhéostat (5) et un organe récepteur (7), comportant une résistance d'entrée. En fonction de la pression exercée par le tireur, l'intensité du courant circulant dans le circuit série précité va être plus ou moins forte, car l'impédance rhéostat (5) va varier. La tension sur l'entrée de l'organe récepteur (7) va donc également varier proportionnellement à la pression exercée. En d'autres termes, l'aiguille-curseur (8) d'un rhéostat (5), entraínée par le manomètre (4) convertit à tout instant la pression exercée sur l'organe de détente (11) et mesurée par la capsule élastique (1) en signaux électriques. Les signaux électriques sont ensuite transmis à l'entrée d'un organe d'exploitation (27) (non représenté sur la figure 1) et donneront naissante à des signaux visuels et/ou auditifs, de la manière décrite ci-après :An elastic pressure-receiving capsule (1) is stuck on a finger of glove threaded on the shooter's index finger (not shown) or fixed to the tail of trigger (11). the capsule filled with liquid is subjected to the pressure exerted by the shooter. A thin flexible non-elastic tube (2) transmits this pressure through liquid to a pressure gauge (4) which by the deformation of its flattened tube, causes the cursor needle (8) of a rheostat (5). In a classic way, a purge is planned (3). A source of electric current (6) (cell or battery) rechargeable may just as well fit here) powers a serial circuit comprising the rheostat (5) and a receiving member (7), comprising a resistance entry. Depending on the pressure exerted by the shooter, the intensity of the current flowing in the aforementioned series circuit will be more or less strong, because the rheostat impedance (5) will vary. The voltage on the input of the receiving organ (7) will therefore also vary in proportion to the pressure exerted. In other words, the cursor needle (8) of a rheostat (5), driven by the pressure gauge (4) constantly converts the pressure exerted on the expansion member (11) and measured by the elastic capsule (1) in electrical signals. The signals then transmitted to the input of an operating body (27) (not shown in Figure 1) and will give rise to visual signals and / or hearing aids, as described below:

    Un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention va être décrit par référencé à la figure 2.A second embodiment of an apparatus for implementing the invention will be described with reference to FIG. 2.

    Selon ce mode de réalisation, la conversion de la pression exercée sur l'organe de détente (11) d'une arme quelconque (non représentée) s'effectue par un système mécanique monté sur le mécanisme de cette arme.According to this embodiment, the conversion of the pressure exerted on the detent member (11) of any weapon (not shown) is effected by a mechanical system mounted on the mechanism of this weapon.

    L'appareil comprend un rhéostat (5). L'entraínement du rhéostat (5)est obtenu par un système de crémaillère (18) et d'engrenages (19). La crémaillère (18) est constituée d'une couronne partielle dentée située dans le prolongement de la gâchette. Elle est en rotation autour d'un axe fixe (16). Elle est repoussée, sur l'extrémité proche de la couronne dentée, par un ressort (17) et entraínée, sur son autre extrémité (9), par l'organe de détente (11). Cette dernière en rotation autour d'un axe fixe (15) est repoussée à son tout par un organe à ressort. C'est précisément cet organe qui créé la pression à vaincre. Les engrenages (nombre d'engrenages nécessaires et nombre de dents de chaque engrenage) sont calculés de manière à ce que la course de la crémaillère (18) corresponde à celle du rhéostat (5). Comme précédemment, ce dernier modifie l'amplitude du courant, de manière à générer des signaux électriques proportionnels à la pression exercée sur l'organe de détente (11). Pour ce faire, le rhéostat (5) est placé en série avec une source d'alimentation électrique et un organe de mesure du courant (non représentés), de façon tout à fait similaire à ce qui a été décrit en relation avec la figure (1). Les signaux électriques ainsi générés sont ensuite utilisés de la manière qui sera décrite ci-après.The apparatus comprises a rheostat (5). The drive of the rheostat (5) is obtained by a rack and pinion system (18) and gears (19). The House warming party (18) consists of a partial toothed crown located in the extension of the trigger. It rotates around a fixed axis (16). She is pushed back, on the end close to the ring gear, by a spring (17) and driven, on its other end (9), by the expansion member (11). This last in rotation around a fixed axis (15) is pushed back to its whole by a member on springs. It is precisely this organ that creates the pressure to overcome. Gears (number of gears required and number of teeth each gear) are calculated so that the rack travel (18) corresponds to that of the rheostat (5). As before, this last modifies the amplitude of the current, so as to generate electrical signals proportional to the pressure exerted on the expansion member (11). For to do this, the rheostat (5) is placed in series with an electrical power source and a current measuring device (not shown), so that similar fact to what has been described in relation to figure (1). The signals The electrics thus generated are then used in the manner which will be described below.

    Un troisième mode de réalisation d'un appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention va être décrit par référence à la figure 3. A third embodiment of an apparatus for implementing the invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3.

    Selon ce mode de réalisation, la conversion de la pression exercée sur l'organe de détente (11) d'une arme s'effectue en faisant appel à un capteur de pression piézo-électrique ou un capteur similaire (capteur à quartz, céramique, etc. ).According to this embodiment, the conversion of the pressure exerted on the detent member (11) of a weapon is effected by making use of a piezoelectric pressure or a similar sensor (quartz sensor, ceramic, etc. ).

    La pression exercée sur l'organe de détente (11) d'une arme s'effectue principalement par un capteur de force, le capteur de pression faisant intervenir le paramètre aléatoire de la surface de contact entre l'index du tireur et le capteur placé sur la queue de détende de l'arme.The pressure exerted on the trigger member (11) of a weapon takes place mainly by a force sensor, the pressure sensor involving the random parameter of the contact surface between the shooter's index finger and the sensor placed on the tail of the weapon.

    Le capteur de pression (38) est :

    • placé sur la queue de détente, dans un logement d'où il affleure pour être en contact avec le doigt du tireur (non représente) sur l'arme de simulation de tir, comme illustré par la figure 3;
    • ou clipsé par son support en matériau plastique façonné en profil de mortaise et adapté au profil de la queue de détente et qui en constitue le tenon;
    • ou encore place sur un gant ou un doigt de gant, de telle façon qu'il soit positionne entre le doigt et la queue de détente (sur une arme réelle).
    The pressure sensor (38) is:
    • placed on the trigger tail, in a housing from which it is flush to be in contact with the shooter's finger (not shown) on the firing simulation weapon, as illustrated in FIG. 3;
    • or clipped by its plastic material support shaped in a mortise profile and adapted to the profile of the trigger tail and which constitutes the tenon;
    • or even place on a glove or a glove finger, so that it is positioned between the finger and the trigger tail (on a real weapon).

    Le capteur (38) est connecte à un amplificateur électronique. Ce dernier amplifie le signal et, si besoin est, l'adapte pour une utilisation ultérieure (adaptation d'impédance, filtrage, etc.). L'amplificateur est logé dans un boítier (33) avec son alimentation électrique, ou bien miniaturisé et logé dans l'arme réelle.The sensor (38) is connected to an electronic amplifier. This last amplifies the signal and, if necessary, adapts it for later use (impedance matching, filtering, etc.). The amplifier is housed in a box (33) with its electrical supply, or else miniaturized and housed in the weapon real.

    Les signaux électriques en sortie de l'amplificateur sont transmis à des circuits d'utilisation (32) qui vont être détaillés ci-après.The electrical signals at the output of the amplifier are transmitted to circuits of use (32) which will be detailed below.

    On va maintenant décrire la conversion des signaux électriques en signaux lumineux ou visuels.We will now describe the conversion of electrical signals into signals bright or visual.

    Les signaux visuels peuvent être présentés au tireur par différents organes de visualisation, et notamment :

  • a) par un cadran de voltmètre à aiguille ou à bande, avec un curseur indiquant la pression d'échappement qui correspond au départ du coup;
  • b) par un organe de visualisation à cristaux liquides à trois chiffres significatifs exprimés en dizaines, centaines et milliers de grammes forces;
  • c) ou un ensemble de diodes électroluminescentes de différentes couleurs, s'allumant à partir de seuils de pression remarquables.
    • The visual signals can be presented to the shooter by different display devices, and in particular:
  • a) by a dial of needle or band voltmeter, with a cursor indicating the exhaust pressure which corresponds to the start of the stroke;
  • b) by a liquid crystal display device with three significant digits expressed in tens, hundreds and thousands of force grams;
  • c) or a set of light-emitting diodes of different colors, lighting up from remarkable pressure thresholds.

    • Ces signaux peuvent être affichés directement sur l'arme (en dessous du système de visée) ou bien peuvent être affichés par le casque antibruit dont est généralement muni le tireur comme illustré à la figure 4.These signals can be displayed directly on the weapon (below the sighting system) or can be displayed by the noise canceling headset which is generally equipped with the shooter as illustrated in figure 4.

    La figure 4 illustre un exemple de casque antibruit modifié pour les besoins du procédé selon l'invention. De façon classique, il comporte deux protège-oreilles latéraux réglables. Egalement en position réglable il comporte en outre, sur sa partie avant, deux verres (24) et (25), disposés respectivement en face de chaque oeil du tireur, l'un transparent, l'autre translucide.Figure 4 illustrates an example of a noise-canceling headset modified for the needs of the method according to the invention. Conventionally, it has two ear protectors adjustable sides. Also in the adjustable position, it includes in addition, on its front part, two glasses (24) and (25), arranged respectively in face of each shooter's eye, one transparent, the other translucent.

    Dans ce mode de réalisation, on dispose sur le haut d'un des verres, (24) ou (25), un organe de visualisation (23), par exemple à diodes électroluminescentes. Ce dernier affiche des signaux issus de la conversion de la pression exercée sur l'organe de détente (11) (figures 1 à 3). L'organe de visualisation (23) est disposé, soit sur le verre placé en face de l'oeil directeur (oeil qui vise), soit en face de l'autre oeil. De façon avantageuse, cet organe de visualisation doit donc pouvoir être fixé de façon amovible.In this embodiment, on the top of one of the glasses, (24) or (25), a display member (23), for example with light-emitting diodes. The latter displays signals from the pressure conversion exerted on the trigger member (11) (Figures 1 to 3). The visualization organ (23) is arranged, either on the glass placed in front of the directing eye (aiming eye), either in front of the other eye. Advantageously, this display member must therefore be removable.

    Ce mode de réalisation avec casque s'applique plus particulièrement au tir réel.This embodiment with helmet applies more particularly to the real shot.

    Si on se rapporte de nouveau à la figure 3, les signaux peuvent être affichés également sur un écran vidéo éloigné (31) simulant la cible que vise le tireur, dans le cas d'un tir simulé.Referring again to Figure 3, the signals can be displayed also on a distant video screen (31) simulating the target aimed by the shooter, in the case of a simulated shot.

    Les signaux qui représentent la pression exercée sur l'organe de détente, ainsi que d'autres signaux visuels sont affichés sur l'écran vidéo (31) : la pression par représentation d'un rectangle représentant le cadran d'un voltmètre ou bien d'un cadran à cristaux liquides (35). La pression peut encore être représentée dans la moitié supérieure de l'axe vertical de la cible par un vecteur-pression instantanée (36), croissant de haut en bas et arrivant à la pression de départ du coup au centre de la cible. L'affichage sur l'écran vidéo (31) de la courbe de pression en fonction du temps des 100 ou 200 derniers grammes forces de pression avant la pression de départ du coup permet de détecter les "coups de doigt" comme illustré plus particulièrement par le diagramme de la figure 6.The signals which represent the pressure exerted on the trigger, as well as other visual signals are displayed on the video screen (31): the pressure by representation of a rectangle representing the dial of a voltmeter or much of a liquid crystal dial (35). Pressure can still be represented in the upper half of the vertical axis of the target by a pressure vector instantaneous (36), increasing from top to bottom and arriving at the pressure of start of the hit in the center of the target. The display on the video screen (31) of the pressure curve over time for the last 100 or 200 grams pressure forces before the start pressure of the blow makes it possible to detect the "finger strokes" as illustrated more particularly by the diagram of the figure 6.

    Cette figure 6 illustre la variation de la pression exercée sur l'organe de détente en fonction du temps. Sur l'axe vertical, ou axe des temps, l'origine des temps to est l'instant pour lequel la force de pression po exercée (axe horizontal) est, par exemple, dans la gamme des 100 ou 200 derniers grammes forces avant départ du coup, typiquement 800 ou 900 gf. De façon plus précise, il est représenté deux courbes : la courbe A illustre un bon tir et la courbe B un "coup de doigt", le seuil de déclenchement pc étant trop rapidement atteint.This FIG. 6 illustrates the variation of the pressure exerted on the expansion member as a function of time. On the vertical axis, or time axis, the origin of the times to is the instant for which the pressure force po exerted (horizontal axis) is, for example, in the range of the last 100 or 200 grams forces before departure suddenly, typically 800 or 900 gf. More precisely, two curves are represented: curve A illustrates a good shot and curve B a "finger shot", the triggering threshold p c being reached too quickly.

    La cible de visée est donc une cible virtuelle affichée par l'écran vidéo (31). Pour ce faire, on dispose, entre la cible et la sortie du boítier amplificateur (33), des circuits d'interface (32) traitant les signaux reçus. Il peut s'agir avantageusement d'un système de traitement de données à programme enregistré. Dans ce cas, ces circuits sont munis d'un convertisseur classique analogique-numérique.The aiming target is therefore a virtual target displayed by the video screen (31). To do this, there is, between the target and the output of the amplifier box (33), interface circuits (32) processing the received signals. It can be advantageously of a data processing system with recorded program. In this case, these circuits are provided with a conventional analog-digital converter.

    En outre, l'arme de tir émet un rayon laser collimaté ou similaire (infrarouge, etc.), dont l'impact sur la cible est référencé 37 sur la figure 3.In addition, the shooting weapon emits a collimated laser beam or the like. (infrared, etc.), the impact of which on the target is referenced 37 in FIG. 3.

    Le programme enregistré peut consister avantageusement en un logiciel paramétrable, de manière à offrir toutes les possibilités conformes aux règles en vigueur dans différentes disciplines de tir et pour tous calibres d'armes, ce qui offre une grande souplesse de fonctionnement. Il peut notamment réaliser une mise à l'échelle automatique des dimensions de la cible apparaissant sur l'écran, en fonction de la distance arme-cible mesurée à l'aide d'un rayon laser. Pour ce faire on peut utiliser le rayon laser précité. De même, on peut simuler la dimension des impacts, selon le calibre de l'arme, l'affichage et la numérotation chronologique des impacts, l'affichage de totaux, et de corrections apportées par le tireur dans sa visée. The recorded program can advantageously consist of software configurable, so as to offer all possibilities in accordance with the rules in force in different shooting disciplines and for all calibers of weapons, this which offers great flexibility of operation. He can in particular carry out an automatic scaling of the dimensions of the target appearing on the screen, as a function of the weapon-target distance measured using a laser beam. To do this, the aforementioned laser beam can be used. Similarly, we can simulate the dimension of the impacts, according to the caliber of the weapon, the display and the numbering chronological of impacts, display of totals, and of corrections made by the shooter in his aim.

    Enfin, il traite les signaux reçus du boítier amplificateur (33) pour assurer l'affichage correct de la pression sur les organes de visualisation (35) et (36).Finally, it processes the signals received from the amplifier box (33) to ensure the correct display of the pressure on the display members (35) and (36).

    Pour palier l'absence de l'effet sur le projectile de l'impulsion transversale à sa trajectoire au départ de la bouche du canon lorsque l'arme n'est pas stabilisée dans le cas du tir de simulation par rayon (rayon laser ou autre), le logiciel commande l'affichage de deux impacts pour un seul tir comme illustre par la figure 7. Le premier impact ou "impact laser" ( I.L.) ne tient pas compte de l'impulsion transversale à sa trajectoire imprimée au projectile dans le cas de mouvement de l'arme au départ du coup. Le second impact ou "impact projectile" ( I.P.) correspond au tir réel avec projectile. Les deux impacts sont séparés sur l'écran par un vecteur (8) représentant, à l'échelle voulue, l'accélération transversale à la ligne de mire due au mouvement de l'arme à l'instant du départ du coup. Le secteur qui sépare sur l'écran vidéo le point "impact projectile" du point "impact laser" appelé γ est en fait le vecteur de vitesse du mouvement de l'arme qui exerce une accélération transversale déportant le projectile tout au lonf de sa trajectoire, ce vecteur de vitesse étant appelé V. L'accélération γ est obtenue par différence du vecteur V avec un second vecteur de vitesse V' obtenu à partir d'un troisième impact sur l'écran. Le temps écoulé entre le premier impact (dit impact projectile) et le deuxième impact (dit "impact laser") étant égal au temps qui s'écoule entre le deuxième et le troisième impact. Un simple coup d'oeil permet au tireur de savoir si son mouvement est uniforme (V = V'), s'il est accéléré (V < V') ou bien décéléré (V >V'). Sur la figure 7, on a représenté deux valeurs du vecteur γ : en C, une valeur forte (c'est-à-dire mouvement important de l'arme) et en D une faible valeur (arme stable).To compensate for the absence of the effect on the projectile of the pulse transverse to its trajectory from the muzzle of the barrel when the weapon is not stabilized in the case of simulated shooting by ray (laser beam or other ), the software controls the display of two impacts for a single shot as illustrated in FIG. 7. The first impact or "laser impact" (IL) does not take into account the impulse transverse to its trajectory imprinted on the projectile in the case of movement of the weapon at the start of the shot. The second impact or "projectile impact" (IP) corresponds to the real shot with projectile. The two impacts are separated on the screen by a vector (8) representing, at the desired scale, the acceleration transverse to the line of sight due to the movement of the weapon at the instant of the start of the shot. The sector which separates on the video screen the point "projectile impact" from the point "laser impact" called γ is in fact the velocity vector of the movement of the weapon which exerts a transverse acceleration taking the projectile away along its trajectory , this speed vector being called V. The acceleration γ is obtained by difference of the vector V with a second speed vector V 'obtained from a third impact on the screen. The time elapsed between the first impact (known as projectile impact) and the second impact (known as "laser impact") being equal to the time which elapses between the second and third impact. A simple glance allows the shooter to know if his movement is uniform (V = V '), if it is accelerated (V <V') or decelerated (V> V '). In FIG. 7, two values of the vector γ have been represented: in C, a strong value (that is to say significant movement of the weapon) and in D a low value (stable weapon).

    Cette indication, outre le fait de donner un résultat conforme au tir réel, présente l'avantage de renseigner le tireur sur la stabilité de son arme et de se rendre compte de ce qu'il fait exactement à l'instant très bref du lâcher.This indication, in addition to giving a result consistent with the actual shot, has the advantage of informing the shooter about the stability of his weapon and of give an account of what it does exactly at the very brief moment of letting go.

    Comme il a été décrit jusqu'à présent, la pression exercée sur l'organe de détente peut être convertie en signaux électriques utilisables par des organes de visualisation ou un système de traitement de données numérique à programme enregistré, en vue d'un affichage approprié. As has been described so far, the pressure exerted on the organ of trigger can be converted into electrical signals usable by organs visualization or a program digital data processing system saved, for proper display.

    Ces signaux électriques peuvent subir une conversion supplémentaire à l'aide d'un convertisseur électro-acoustique.These electrical signals can be further converted to using an electro-acoustic converter.

    Si on se rapporte de nouveau à la figure 4, on constate que le casque antibruit comporte un boítier (20) par exemple disposé sur le dessus, qui reçoit les signaux électriques issus de la conversion pression-tension électrique (ou courant), par exemple de l'organe (7) (figure 1), sur une entrée (27). De façon pratique, cette entrée peut prendre la forme d'une prise jack ou similaire. Ce boítier fournit des signaux de commandes à l'organe de visualisation (23).If we refer again to Figure 4, we see that the earmuffs comprises a housing (20) for example arranged on the top, which receives electrical signals from electrical pressure-voltage conversion (or current), for example of the member (7) (Figure 1), on an input (27). In a way practical, this input can take the form of a jack or similar. This housing provides control signals to the display member (23).

    Il peut cependant comprendre des circuits électroniques supplémentaires transmettant les signaux précités à des transducteurs électro-acoustiques (non visibles) disposés dans les protège-oreilles du casque, via les fils de liaison (29) et (30). Ces transducteurs électroacoustiques, par exemple des bruiteurs, sont avantageusement associés à des potentiomètres (21) portés par les protège-oreilles et dont les boutons de commande sont accessibles de l'extérieur.It may however include additional electronic circuits transmitting the aforementioned signals to electro-acoustic transducers (not visible) arranged in the earmuffs of the helmet, via the connecting wires (29) and (30). These electroacoustic transducers, for example noisemakers, are advantageously associated with potentiometers (21) carried by the ear protectors and whose control buttons are accessible from the outside.

    Selon cette variante de réalisation de l'invention, le signal sonore, dont l'intensité croit "en temps réel" proportionnellement à la pression exercée sur l'organe de détente, cesse juste avant le départ du coup. Pour ce faire, les circuits supplémentaires disposés dans le boítier (20) comprennent un générateur de signal alternatif dans la gamme des fréquences acoustiques. L'amplitude du signal alternatif généré, et donc du signal auditif perçu par le tireur, est commandé par l'amplitude des signaux électriques reçus sur l'entrée (27). En outre, une atténuation et/ou un équilibrage des signaux auditifs peut être obtenu par l'intermédiaire des potentiomètres (21). Enfin, la plage de "silence" est positionnée grâce à un potentiomètre supplémentaire (22) compris dans les circuits du boítier (20) et accessible de l'extérieur, comme illustré plus particulièrement sur la figure 5. Ce potentiomètre (22) agit de façon classique pour fixer une valeur de seuil réglable transmise à des circuits électroniques, par exemple une porte logique déclenchant une bascule bi-stable. On règle le début de la plage de silence à la valeur de pression à partir de laquelle le coup de doigt n'est pratiquement plus possible.According to this variant embodiment of the invention, the sound signal, of which the intensity increases "in real time" in proportion to the pressure exerted on the trigger, stops just before the start of the blow. To do this, the circuits additional arranged in the housing (20) include a generator signal signal in the range of acoustic frequencies. The amplitude of the alternating signal generated, and therefore of the auditory signal perceived by the shooter, is controlled by the amplitude of the electrical signals received on the input (27). In addition, attenuation and / or balancing of auditory signals can be achieved via the potentiometers (21). Finally, the range of "silence" is positioned thanks to an additional potentiometer (22) included in the housing circuits (20) and accessible from the outside, as illustrated more particularly in FIG. 5. This potentiometer (22) acts conventionally to set an adjustable threshold value transmitted to electronic circuits, by example a logic gate triggering a bi-stable rocker. We set the start from the range of silence to the pressure value from which the blow finger is practically no longer possible.

    Sur le simulateur de tir, un bip sonore ou tout autre signal sonore, est en outre déclenché à l'instant du départ simulé du coup. Pour ce faire, on peut utiliser le haut-parleur dont est généralement muni un système vidéo (figure 3 : 31).On the shooting simulator, a beep or any other audible signal is in besides triggered at the moment of the simulated departure of the coup. To do this, we can use the loudspeaker generally fitted with a video system (Figure 3: 31).

    L'appareil selon l'invention utilise donc, dans un mode de réalisation préféré, un capteur à effet piézo-électrique ou similaire. Ce capteur transforme la pression du doigt sur la détente en signaux propres à améliorer la technique du tireur soit sur une arme réelle associée à un casque porte-signaux, soit sur une arme de simulation de tir associée à un système vidéo interface logiciel.The apparatus according to the invention therefore uses, in a preferred embodiment, a piezoelectric effect sensor or the like. This sensor transforms the finger pressure on the trigger in signals suitable for improving the technique of shooter either on a real weapon associated with a signal helmet or on a weapon of simulation of shooting associated with a video system software interface.

    On va maintenant décrire un pistolet de simulation de tir, dérivé d'un modèle d'arme réelle. La partie canon (40) et la culasse (39) sont remplacées par un boítier de même hauteur. Le capteur piézo-électrique (38) est placé sur la queue de détente. L'amplificateur associé au capteur (figure 3 : 33) est logé à l'emplacement de la culasse (39). L'émetteur laser est logé à l'emplacement du canon (40). Le boítier (40) porte le guidon (41) du système de visée. La partie arrière du pistolet (43) peut supporter un organe d'affichage (42) d'un signal visuel (écran à cristaux liquides, diodes électroluminescentes ou cadran de voltmètre), une prise jack femelle est placée sous la poignée et relie l'arme au système vidéo (voir figure 3), par un câble de liaison (non représenté). De façon préférentielle, l'organe de visualisation (42) est constitué de deux ensembles de trois diodes électroluminescentes placés symétriquement par rapport au cran de mire de l'arme, porté également par l'arrière (43) ; les trois diodes électroluminescentes de chaque ensemble étant par exemple de couleurs rouge, verte et jaune, respectivement. On associe à chaque couleur une amplitude de pression déterminée. Une diode d'une couleur déterminée s'allume donc lorsque la pression exercée sur l'organe de détente dépasse des seuils prédéterminés, qui peut être réglé, notamment, selon l'arme simulée.We will now describe a simulated pistol, derived from a model real weapon. The barrel part (40) and the breech (39) are replaced by a case of the same height. The piezoelectric sensor (38) is placed on the tail of relaxation. The amplifier associated with the sensor (figure 3: 33) is housed at the location of the cylinder head (39). The laser transmitter is housed at the location of the barrel (40). The housing (40) carries the handlebar (41) of the sighting system. The part rear of the pistol (43) can support a signal display member (42) visual (liquid crystal display, light emitting diodes or voltmeter), a female jack is placed under the handle and connects the weapon to video system (see Figure 3), by a connecting cable (not shown). In a way preferential, the display member (42) consists of two sets of three light-emitting diodes placed symmetrically with respect to to the rear sight of the weapon, also carried by the rear (43); the three diodes electroluminescent of each set being for example of colors red, green and yellow, respectively. We associate with each color an amplitude determined pressure. A diode of a specific color lights up therefore when the pressure exerted on the expansion member exceeds thresholds predetermined, which can be adjusted, in particular, according to the simulated weapon.

    Pour loger l'émetteur de rayons laser et l'amplificateur du capteur piézo-électrique, comme on est limité en hauteur par le système de visée, on peut trouver le volume nécessaire en prenant sur la largeur des compartiments (39) et (40), tout en respectant le même équilibre des masses que sur l'arme réelle par la répartition adéquate de lests. On veille à ce que la masse globale de l'arme de simulation soit identique à celle de l'arme réelle.To house the laser beam emitter and the piezoelectric sensor amplifier, as we are limited in height by the sighting system, we can find the necessary volume by taking the width of the compartments (39) and (40), while respecting the same mass balance as on the real weapon by the adequate distribution of weights. We ensure that the overall mass of the simulation weapon is identical to that of the real weapon.

    A la lecture de ce qui précède, on constate aisément que l'invention atteint bien les buts qu'elle s'est fixés. On reading the above, it can easily be seen that the invention reaches well the goals she set for herself.

    Elle permet notamment une pluri-sollicitation multi-sensorielle synchronisée, simultanée et avantageusement proportionnelle. Elle permet un contrôle en temps réel de la pression exercée et une éducation de la sensibilité tactile du tireur. Elle est compatible avec de nombreuses disciplines de tir et n'est pas limitée à des types d'armes précis. Sa mise en oeuvre s'adapte aisément au cas d'un système de simulation de tir.It allows in particular a synchronized multi-sensory multi-solicitation, simultaneous and advantageously proportional. It allows control real-time pressure exerted and tactile sensitivity education of the shooter. It is compatible with many shooting disciplines and is not limited to specific weapon types. Its implementation adapts easily to case of a fire simulation system.

    Il doit être clair cependant que l'invention n'est pas limitée aux seuls exemples de réalisations explicitement décrits, notamment en relation avec les figures 1 à 8.It should be clear, however, that the invention is not limited to only examples of achievements explicitly described, in particular in relation to Figures 1 to 8.

    Dans une variante non représentée, il est notamment possible d'adapter le procédé selon l'invention à une arme de chasse, voire une arme militaire, comportant une lunette de visée. L'organe de visualisation, par exemple du type barrettes de diodes électroluminescentes, peut être intégré dans la lunette ou placé devant celle-ci.In a variant not shown, it is in particular possible to adapt the method according to the invention for a hunting weapon, or even a military weapon, comprising a telescopic sight. The display unit, for example of the type of light-emitting diode arrays, can be integrated into the bezel or placed in front of it.

    Claims (10)

    1. Method for developing the tactile perception of a shooter, notably a sport shooter, said shooter exerting a pressure on the trigger element (11) of a real or simulation firearm, said pressure triggering the shot when it exceeds a predetermined threshold (pc),
      characterised in that it comprises at least the following steps:
      measurement of the pressure exerted on said trigger element (11) by the finger of said shooter;
      conversion of said measured pressure into electrical signals representing the instantaneous amplitude of the pressure vector;
      processing of said electrical signals perceptible by a sense of the shooter other than the sense of touch, so that he can follow the variation in the pressure exerted on said trigger element (11) up to the firing of said shot in simultaneity and in synchronism with the tactile perception perceived through said finger in real time.
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that said sense is the sense of sight and in that said signal processing step consists in transforming the electrical signals obtained during the conversion step into light signals representing the variations in the amplitude of said pressure exerted on said trigger element (11) proportionally continuously or in discrete steps.
    3. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that said sense is the sense of hearing and in that said signal processing step consists in transforming the electrical signals obtained during the conversion step into auditory signals the intensity of which represents the variations in the amplitude of said pressure exerted on said trigger element (11) proportionally continuously or in discrete steps.
    4. Device for implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises a pressure sensor for measurement of the pressure exerted by the finger of said shooter on said trigger element (11) and conversion into electrical signals, constituted by a hydraulic circuit comprising an elastic pressure-receiving capsule (1) filled with liquid receiving said pressure exerted by the shooter, a non-elastic fine flexible tube (2) transmitting this pressure via said liquid to a pressure gauge (4) coupled mechanically to the sliding pointer (8) of a rheostat (5) and varying its impedance, and in that said rheostat (5) is disposed in a series circuit comprising an electrical power source (6) and an element (7) measuring the instantaneous amplitude of the current flowing in said series circuit, so as to generate electrical signals representing the instantaneous pressure exerted on the trigger element (11) and obtain said conversion.
    5. Device for implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises a pressure sensor for measurement of the pressure exerted by the finger of said shooter on said trigger element (11) and conversion into electrical signals, constituted by a rack (18) actuated by said trigger element (11) and entraining a set of gears (19) in turn entraining a rotary rheostat (5), and in that said rotary rheostat (5) is disposed in a series circuit comprising an electrical power source (6) and an element (7) measuring the instantaneous amplitude of the current flowing in said series circuit, so as to generate electrical signals representing the instantaneous pressure exerted on the trigger element (11) and obtain said conversion.
    6. Device for implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises a piezo-electric force or pressure sensor (38) for measurement of the pressure exerted by the finger of said shooter on said trigger element (11), in that said piezo-electric sensor (38) generates electrical signals the amplitude of which is proportional to the pressure exerted, in that this piezo-electric sensor (38) is placed in a glove finger or fixed to the trigger element (11) and in that said electrical signals are transmitted to an electronic amplifier (33) the output of which generates said electrical conversion signals.
    7. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that it comprises an element transforming said electrical signals from the conversion into light signals and an element for displaying these light signals constituted by a needle or strip voltmeter, a series of light-emitting diodes (23, 42) or a video display (31), said signals being displayed in a continuously variable manner to represent the instantaneous variation in said exerted pressure, or in discrete steps when this pressure exceeds predetermined thresholds.
    8. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that it comprises an element (20) transforming said electrical signals from the conversion into signals in the acoustic frequency band and in that it comprises at least one electro-acoustic transducer disposed in the ear protectors of hearing defenders worn by said shooter so as to emit an audible signal representing the instantaneous variation of said exerted pressure in a continuously variable manner or in discrete steps when this pressure exceeds predetermined thresholds.
    9. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that said firearm being a simulation firearm and said display being a video display (31), said firearm is additionally equipped with means for generating a laser or similar beam on a target screen and interface circuits (32) receiving said electrical signals from the conversion, in that these interface circuits (32) are constituted by circuits for processing signals with a recorded programme which are parameterable taking account of disciplines, and in that said rules permit at least the generation of signals for controlling said display for scaling of said target as a function of the distance between the target and firearm, the display of simulated impacts (37) on said target the dimensions of which vary as a function of said calibre, the timing specific to each of said disciplines, the display and chronological numbering of the impacts, totals and corrections made by said shooter in his sight.
    10. Device according to claim 9, characterised in that said video display (31) comprises a central zone (36) permitting the display of a continuously variable visual indication, in a vertical axis of said target, representing the vector for the instantaneous pressure exerted on said trigger element (11), said visual indication growing from the top downwards and reaching the release pressure in the centre of the target, and a zone for displaying the transverse acceleration vector (y) of said firearm at the instant of firing from a so-called "laser" impact to a so-called "projectile" impact which takes account of the effect on a projectile of the force transversely to its trajectory at the time of firing by measuring the segment traversed on said target during predetermined periods of time framing this shot, and in that said displays are under the control of the recorded programme in said interface circuits (32).
    EP97943032A 1996-10-02 1997-10-01 Method and device for training the tactile perception of a marksman, in particular a sport marksman Expired - Lifetime EP0929785B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9611992A FR2754048B1 (en) 1996-10-02 1996-10-02 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR EDUCATING THE PERCEPTION OF THE SPORTS SHOOTER. (THE DEVICE IS HEREINAFTER CALLED "PERFOTIR")
    FR9611992 1996-10-02
    PCT/FR1997/001728 WO1998014744A1 (en) 1996-10-02 1997-10-01 Method and device for training the tactile perception of a marksman, in particular a sport marksman

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    EP0929785A1 EP0929785A1 (en) 1999-07-21
    EP0929785B1 true EP0929785B1 (en) 2000-05-24

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    US (2) US6257893B1 (en)
    EP (1) EP0929785B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE193372T1 (en)
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    CA (1) CA2266647A1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69702140T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2149008T3 (en)
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    DE69702140T2 (en) 2001-03-22
    WO1998014744A1 (en) 1998-04-09
    USRE38877E1 (en) 2005-11-15
    AU4465697A (en) 1998-04-24
    PT929785E (en) 2000-11-30
    ES2149008T3 (en) 2000-10-16
    US6257893B1 (en) 2001-07-10
    FR2754048B1 (en) 1998-11-27
    CA2266647A1 (en) 1998-04-09
    ATE193372T1 (en) 2000-06-15
    EP0929785A1 (en) 1999-07-21
    FR2754048A1 (en) 1998-04-03
    DE69702140D1 (en) 2000-06-29

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