EP0956415B1 - Türschliesser zur erzeugung eines übersetzungssprunges während der schliessphase - Google Patents
Türschliesser zur erzeugung eines übersetzungssprunges während der schliessphase Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0956415B1 EP0956415B1 EP97931725A EP97931725A EP0956415B1 EP 0956415 B1 EP0956415 B1 EP 0956415B1 EP 97931725 A EP97931725 A EP 97931725A EP 97931725 A EP97931725 A EP 97931725A EP 0956415 B1 EP0956415 B1 EP 0956415B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- pressure chamber
- pressure
- door
- door closer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
- E05F3/04—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
- E05F3/12—Special devices controlling the circulation of the liquid, e.g. valve arrangement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
- E05F3/04—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
- E05F3/10—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
- E05F3/04—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
- E05F3/10—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
- E05F3/102—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction with rack-and-pinion transmission between driving shaft and piston within the closer housing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/499—Spring tensioners; Tension sensors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
- E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
- E05Y2900/132—Doors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a door closer according to claim 1.
- a door closer has become known from SE 469 342 B.
- a closing torque characteristic adapted to the door angle is achieved by opening one that first acts on the door piston first spring and then in series one acting on the pressure piston second spring is tensioned.
- the second spring in tension Position persists until one is centered in both pistons Slide fluidically through a channel system that stops the pressure piston Relieved pressure chamber, so that now the second spring Can give energy to the output shaft.
- This door closer is capable of different moments depending on the door opening on the door, however, requires an extraordinary high manufacturing costs.
- the known door closer has a switching valve that Centrally arranged slide on, both in the door piston as well as axially displaceable, hydraulically sealed.
- a further disadvantage is the fact that there are numerous seals to be sealed against one another Pressure rooms are required by means of a complicated Channel system fluidly communicate with each other and thus the desired Closing torque characteristics depending on temperature - especially in cold weather - is severely impaired.
- the well-known also Door closers place high demands on the assembly personnel, as they are fluid effective, interlocking cylinder surfaces when mating of the door piston and the pressure piston as well as the one that penetrates both Slider can easily be damaged.
- This Door closer has a door piston acting on an output shaft one shoulder, one pressure piston and one acting on it Lift mechanism on.
- the pistons are axially displaceable in a housing guided.
- this known door closer has a first pressure chamber and a second pressure chamber connected to an overflow line and the door piston are assigned, as well as an average pressure chamber on, which is assigned to the approach and the pressure piston.
- at least one further pressure chamber is provided, which is the pressure piston assigned.
- the overflow line can have a throttle and the pistons and the housing each have the pressure chambers connecting channels.
- the door piston lies by means of the offset shoulder in the opening direction on the pressure piston and is in Closing direction - hydraulically decoupled from the pressure piston - first hydraulic and then mechanically in operative connection.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a particularly economical simple door closer to provide the different Can realize moment profiles.
- interlocking Avoided pistons In a door closer according to the invention are interlocking Avoided pistons. Furthermore, only a single pressure accumulator is required. The effort for manufacturing and assembly is significantly reduced. The related fits of the housing or the Pistons can be manufactured in one setup, which improves the running accuracy the corresponding cylinder or piston surfaces without additional Effort significantly improved and on the other hand the number of Machining cycles is reduced. This is also the channel system greatly simplified, so that no elongated channels are required and therefore the ventilation is very simplified during assembly. This will leakage almost impossible.
- the middle pressure chamber and a further pressure chamber connecting channel and check valve depending on the design conditions be arranged in the pressure piston or housing.
- the space of a pressure space in a first Part and a second part can be divided, both rooms being fluid connected to each other via a flow cross section acting as a throttle are.
- the requirement for a modular design can be achieved according to the invention thereby be met if the two pistons are a housing and the energy accumulator is assigned to a further housing, the housing of the door closer and that of the energy accumulator preferably are coupled by means of a radial screw connection. hereby all that is required is a standard type of piston receiving the piston Housing, with the different, the required Housing adapted to the clamping forces can easily be screwed on. there Complicated assembly steps, as in the state of the art in Factory are required.
- a force storage device associated with the energy store can advantageously be externally accessible adjustment means can be provided, whereby the Closing force is continuously adjustable in a wider range.
- the actuatable Check valve a mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically operated 2/2-way valve, wherein the first pressure chamber means for pressure-dependent control of the check valve are assigned.
- a door piston 100 shown acts on the left with a piston surface 101 a pressure chamber D1 and on the right with a piston surface 102 on one Pressure chamber D2, the two pressure chambers D1 and D2 with an overflow line 12 and 13 are fluidly connected. Both the overflow line 12 and the overflow line 13 are each pre-settable Throttle 121 and 131 assigned. Furthermore, the overflow line 12 a closing in the flow direction from the pressure chamber D1 to the pressure chamber D2, Check valve RV1 connected in parallel to throttle 121. to Overload protection is a safety check valve parallel to throttle 121 RV2 provided.
- the pressure space D2 is on the opposite side of the piston surface 102 Side with a line 14 having a check valve RV3 the overflow line 12, wherein the direction of action of the check valve RV3 - seen in the direction of flow - to the overflow line 12 is directed.
- the door piston 100 has a lug with a smaller diameter on the right 110, which passes through the pressure chamber D2 and its effective piston surface 111 acts on a medium pressure space D3.
- Right of the middle Pressure chamber D3 is located on it with its left piston surface 201 acting pressure piston 200 arranged.
- This pressure piston 200 is on the right another pressure chamber D4 is assigned to which the pressure piston 200 acts with its right piston surface 202 and on which one a pressure plate 31 stationary pressure spring 30 presses.
- the pressure chamber D4 and the middle pressure chamber D3 are by means of a line 15 fluidly connected, this one - in the direction of flow to the Pressure chamber D4 seen - closing check valve RV4 has. There is also a fluidically effective connection to the pressure chamber D4 via a line 16 to the overflow line 12.
- the pressure chamber D1 acts on a fluid by means of a control line 41 2/2-way valve formed check valve 40, which is in its starting position the pressure chamber D2 with the further pressure chamber D4 via a line 42 combines.
- the door piston 100 has a toothing 103 by means of which the rotary movement a pinion that meshes with the toothing 51 of the output shaft 50 converted into an axial movement of the door piston 100 becomes.
- the part of the piston 100 which has the toothing 103 is filled with fluid.
- the piston 100 also faces the piston surface 102 facing side a radial seal 104. That way the space of the toothing 103 is fluidly assigned indirectly to the pressure space D1, whereby the fluid the toothing 103 and the pinion 51st lubricates at the same time.
- the projection 110 has an outlet in the piston surface 111 Bore 17, in which a transverse to 110 approach to the hole 17 reaching cross hole 18 opens.
- the cross bore 18 is in one Distance x from the piston surface 111 is arranged. This distance x determines the location regarding the angle of rotation ⁇ of the door, when a change the gear ratio should occur, is therefore control engineering the specified point y at which a strong closing force is desired is.
- the pistons and its surfaces are each interrupted in FIG Line shown.
- the line 15 and the check valve RV4 can also be assigned to the pressure piston 200.
- the pressure piston 200 can move the pressure chamber D4 into a pressure chamber D4 (first parts) and a pressure chamber D4 * accommodating the spring 30 Divide (second part), dividing D4 and D4 * between the two rooms Flow cross section 19 is provided, which also have a throttle function can.
- the abutment on the housing is for fine adjustment of the spring force the spring 30 is formed as an axially adjustable pressure plate 31.
- the piston surface 201 of the pressure piston has 200 a projection 203 with a smaller diameter, so that no lifting of the door piston between the piston surfaces 111 and 201 100 preventive adhesive forces can occur.
- This can one or both of the piston surfaces 111 and / or 201 also a crowned Have shape or a projection 203 can also approach 110 be assigned.
- the diameter of the piston should be chosen so that the diameter of the approach 110 is smaller than that of the door piston 100, but the diameter of the pressure piston 200 larger than that of the approach 110, however is again smaller than that of the door piston 100.
- That resulting from the pressure rooms and channels or lines Volume is filled with hydraulic oil and vented.
- FIG. 2 also shows that the pistons are assigned to a housing 1 are and the spring 30 in one by means of a screw 3 the housing 1 connected further housing 2 is housed.
- the spring 30 can in particular simply be both preloaded and fine-tuned.
Landscapes
- Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
- Studio Circuits (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Machine Translation (AREA)
Description
- Figur 1a:
- Eine Strukturdarstellung eines Türschließers nach der Erfindung,
- Figur 1b:
- eine Einzelheit einer alternativen Ausgestaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Türschließers,
- Figur 2:
- ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Türschließers nach der Erfindung,
- Figur 3:
- ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in den Stellungen:
- Figur 3a:
- Tür geschlossen,
- Figur 3b:
- Öffnungsbeginn,
- Figur 3c:
- Tür offen,
- Figur 3d:
- Umkehrung des Übersetzungsverhältnisses während des Schließvorganges und
- Figur 4:
- den Graph des Übersetzungsverhältnisses des Türschließers in Abhängigkeit des Drehwinkels der Tür.
- 1
- Gehäuse
- 2
- Gehäuse
- 3
- Schraubverbindung
- 4
- Öffnungsrichtung
- 5
- Schließrichtung
- 12
- Überströmleitung
- 13
- Überstömleitung
- 14
- Leitung
- 15
- Leitung
- 16
- Leitung
- 17
- Bohrung
- 18
- Querbohrung
- 19
- Flußquerschnitt
- 30
- Druckfeder
- 31
- Druckteller
- 40
- Sperrventil (2/2-Wegeventil)
- 41
- Steuerleitung
- 42
- Leitung
- 50
- Abtriebswelle
- 51
- Ritzel
- 100
- Türkolben
- 101
- Kolbenfläche
- 102
- Kolbenfläche
- 103
- Verzahnung
- 104
- radiale Dichtung
- 110
- Ansatz
- 111
- Kolbenfläche
- 121
- Drossel
- 131
- Drossel
- 200
- Druckkolben
- 201
- Kolbenfläche
- 202
- Kolbenfläche
- 203
- Andrehung
- x
- Abstand
- y
- vorgegebene Stelle
- D1
- Druckraum
- D2
- Druckraum
- D3
- Druckraum
- D4
- Druckraum (erster Teil)
- D4*
- Druckraum (zweiter Teil)
- RV1
- Rückschlagventil
- RV2
- Sicherheitsrückschlagventil
- RV3
- Rückschlagventil
- RV4
- Rückschlagventil
- ϕ
- Drehwinkel
Claims (12)
- Türschließer mit einem auf eine Abtriebswelle (50) wirkenden Türkolben (100) mit einem Ansatz (110), einem Druckkolben (200) und einem auf diesen wirkenden Kraftspeicher (30), wobei die Kolben (100, 200) in einem Gehäuse (1) axial verschieblich geführt sind und mit einem ersten Druckraum (D1) und einem zweiten Druckraum (D2), die mit einer Überströmleitung (12) verbunden und dem Türkolben (100) zugeordnet sind, einem mittleren Druckraum (D3), der dem Ansatz (110) und dem Druckkolben (200) zugeordnet ist, sowie mindestens einem weiteren Druckraum (D4, D4*), der dem Druckkolben (200) zugeordnet ist, wobei die Überströmleitung (12) eine Drossel aufweisen kann und die Kolben bzw. das Gehäuse über jeweils die Druckräume verbindende Kanäle verfügen und wobei der Türkolben (100) mittels des abgesetzten Ansatzes (110) in Öffnungsrichtung (4) formschlüssig am Druckkolben (200) anliegend und in Schließrichtung (5) - hydraulisch vom Druckkolben entkoppelbar - zuerst hydraulisch und anschließend mechanisch in Wirkverbindung steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mittlere Druckraum (D3) fluidisch verbunden ist, einerseits mit dem zweiten Druckraum (D2) mittels eines dem Ansatz (110) des Türkolbens (100) zugeordneten in Abhängigkeit des Verschiebeweges des Türkolbens (100) schließ- bzw. öffnenbaren Kanals (Querbohrung 18, Bohrung 17) und andererseits mit dem weiteren Druckraum (D4) mittels eines ein vom mittleren Druckraum (D3) her wirksamen Rückschlagventil (RV4) aufweisenden Kanals (15) und dass der zweite Druckraum (D2) mit dem dem Druckkolben (200) zugeordneten weiteren Druckraum (D4) fluidisch verbunden ist über einen ein Rückschlagventil (RV3) aufweisenden Kanal (14,16) sowie mit der Überströmleitung (12) und mit einem Kanal (42), dem ein in Ruhestellung durchgängig geschaltetes Sperrventil (40) zugeordnet ist, das beim Ansteigen des Druckes im ersten Druckraum (D1) in seine Sperrlage überführt wird.
- Türschließer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der den mittleren Druckraum (D3) und weiteren Druckraum (D4) verbindende Kanal (15) nebst Rückschlagventil (RV4) im Druckkolben (200) oder Gehäuse (1) angeordnet ist.
- Türschließer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der weitere Druckraum (D4) in einen ersten Teil (D4) und einen zweiten Teil (D4*) aufgeteilt ist, wobei die beiden Teile (D4, D4*) über einen Flussquerschnitt (19) fluidisch miteinander verbunden sind, der als Drossel wirkend ausgebildet sein kann.
- Türschließer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einander zugewandten Kolbenflächen (111, 201) der beiden Kolben (100, 200) derart ausgebildet sind, dass ein Aneinanderkleben durch Adhäsion vermieden wird.
- Türschließer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die Kolbenfläche (102) aufweisende Seite des Torkolbens (100) eine radiale Dichtung (104) aufweist.
- Türschließer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Kolben (100, 200) einem Gehäuse (1) und der Kraftspeicher (30) einem weiteren Gehäuse (2) zugeordnet sind.
- Türschließer nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (1) und das weitere Gehäuse (2) mittels einer radialen Schraubverbindung (3) gekoppelt sind.
- Türschließer nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das weitere Gehäuse (2) ein dem Kraftspeicher (30) zugeordnetes, von außen zugängliches Einstellmittel (Druckteller 31) aufweist.
- Türschließer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kraftspeicher (30) als mechanischer, hydraulischer, pneumatischer oder elektrischer Kraftspeicher ausgebildet ist, wobei er eine lineare oder progressive Kennlinie aufweisen kann.
- Türschließer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das betätigbare Sperrventil (40) ein mechanisch, hydraulisch, pneumatisch oder elektrisch betätigbares 2/2-Wegeventil ist, wobei dem ersten Druckraum (D1) Mittel zur druckabhängigen Ansteuerung (Steuerleitung 41) des Sperrventiles (40) zugeordnet sind.
- Türschließer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überströmleitung (12) anstelle der Drossel (121) parallel zu dieser ein in Fließrichtung vom ersten Druckraum (D1) zum zweiten Druckraum (D2) schließendes Rückschlagventil (RV3) zugeordnet ist.
- Türschließer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überströmleitung (12) an der Stelle der Drossel (121) parallel zu dieser ein in Fließrichtung zum ersten Druckraum (D1) hin sperrendes Überdruckventil (RV2) vorgesehen ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1997/001449 WO1999002810A1 (de) | 1997-07-09 | 1997-07-09 | Türschliesser zur erzeugung eines übersetzungssprunges während der schliessphase |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0956415A1 EP0956415A1 (de) | 1999-11-17 |
EP0956415B1 true EP0956415B1 (de) | 2003-03-26 |
Family
ID=6918517
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97931725A Revoked EP0956415B1 (de) | 1997-07-09 | 1997-07-09 | Türschliesser zur erzeugung eines übersetzungssprunges während der schliessphase |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0956415B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE235639T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59709648D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999002810A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8225458B1 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2012-07-24 | Hoffberg Steven M | Intelligent door restraint |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006026050B4 (de) | 2006-06-01 | 2022-11-17 | Dormakaba Deutschland Gmbh | Türschließer mit aktiv verstellbarer Federkraft |
DE102012100924A1 (de) * | 2012-02-06 | 2013-08-08 | Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg | Türbetätiger mit mehrteiligem Gehäuseaufbau |
DE202012004194U1 (de) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-02-11 | Peter Krumhauer | Türschließer mit Energiespeicher |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19549373B4 (de) * | 1995-01-20 | 2005-08-04 | Geze Gmbh | Türschließer |
-
1997
- 1997-07-09 DE DE59709648T patent/DE59709648D1/de not_active Revoked
- 1997-07-09 AT AT97931725T patent/ATE235639T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-09 WO PCT/DE1997/001449 patent/WO1999002810A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-09 EP EP97931725A patent/EP0956415B1/de not_active Revoked
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8225458B1 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2012-07-24 | Hoffberg Steven M | Intelligent door restraint |
US9045927B1 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2015-06-02 | Steven M. Hoffberg | Intelligent door restraint |
US9121217B1 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2015-09-01 | Steven M. Hoffberg | Intelligent door restraint |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE235639T1 (de) | 2003-04-15 |
WO1999002810A1 (de) | 1999-01-21 |
DE59709648D1 (de) | 2003-04-30 |
EP0956415A1 (de) | 1999-11-17 |
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