EP0953555A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Partikeln schmelzfähiger Treib- und Explosivstoffe - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Partikeln schmelzfähiger Treib- und Explosivstoffe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0953555A1 EP0953555A1 EP99105812A EP99105812A EP0953555A1 EP 0953555 A1 EP0953555 A1 EP 0953555A1 EP 99105812 A EP99105812 A EP 99105812A EP 99105812 A EP99105812 A EP 99105812A EP 0953555 A1 EP0953555 A1 EP 0953555A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- matrix liquid
- emulsion
- melt
- particles
- adn
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/0066—Shaping the mixture by granulation, e.g. flaking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/005—By a process involving melting at least part of the ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing essentially spherical particles of meltable, moisture-sensitive fuels and explosives and oxidizers, especially ammonium dinitramide (ADN).
- ADN ammonium dinitramide
- Ammonium dinitramide is an oxidizer for fuels and of great importance as an explosive. In the application are for both manufacturing and processing compactible particles desired. In the Manufacture of conventional crystalline fuels and explosives but usually arise very irregular Particle. This applies in particular to ADN.
- the crystalline substance mostly with heating in one or dissolved in several suitable solvents and by defined cooling, the substance crystallizes out. This process can be carried out several times if necessary become. Due to the differences in solubility between Substance and impurities become unwanted accompanying substances severed because they're either a priori remain unsolved, or because if they are also in Solution because of their low concentration the matrix liquid remain when the crystals has already failed.
- Inoculation of supersaturated solutions is also known or hypothermic melting, with traces of Solid substance in the form of germs that prevent the formation of solid phase can be added.
- GB 2 187 726 A describes a process for the production a solid explosive mixture, so-called emulsion explosives, being a discontinuous phase in the form an oxidizer salt heated and melted and in one continuous phase serving as fuel, e.g. Paraffin oil or wax, is emulsified.
- the emulsion additives such as emulsifiers or crystallization nuclei, added to a finely dispersed to get discontinuous phase and a confluence to prevent the disperse drops.
- the emulsion is cooled, whereby an explosive mixture is obtained in which the oxidizer salts are finely dispersed are a spontaneous detonation, as in coarsely dispersed Prevent particles from occurring.
- the invention has for its object a method for the production of uniform, in particular spherical Particles more meltable, more sensitive to moisture
- ADN Ammonium dinitramide
- the propellant or Explosive or the oxidizer converted into a melt and combined with a matrix liquid in the substance to be recrystallized is difficult or impossible is soluble.
- the matrix liquid ensures that the moisture-sensitive fuels and explosives and oxidizers, such as the particularly hygroscopic ADN, no water during recrystallization, e.g. Humidity. It is chosen so that the molten substance can be emulsified. The later one The phase mixture is separated solely on the basis of the different melting points of the starting material and matrix fluid and not due to changes in concentration a solution.
- the focus is to make available the melt in the matrix liquid preferably less than 50% by mass and in particular less than 60 % By mass.
- the matrix liquid after crystallization is separated, can be reused and for example be carried out in a cycle.
- the melt can be in the fuel or explosive or additives soluble in the oxidizer are mixed with those regarding the later product quality of the ADN particles Stability, sensitivity or fluidity can be improved.
- a matrix liquid primarily oils, e.g. Paraffin oil or silicone oil, in Question, which have a hydrophobic character.
- oils e.g. Paraffin oil or silicone oil, in Question, which have a hydrophobic character.
- spherical Particles with defined particle properties, e.g. average particle size, particle size distribution, specific Preserve surface. The spherical particles not only lead to an optimal bulk and knock density, but also to a high energy density and favorable combustion behavior.
- the emulsion is produced by introducing Energy into the fluid system. This can be done by shaking, Stirring, by introducing vibrations into the system, e.g. by means of ultrasound or by injecting the Melt into the matrix liquid or vice versa.
- Emulsifiers and stabilizers can interfacial tension between both components and the viscosity the outer phase, and thus the manufacturing conditions and affects the stability of the emulsion become.
- an emulsion of hygroscopic ADN in hydrophobic matrix liquid also hydrophobic emulsifier, e.g. Silicon dioxide, added the stability of the emulsion is increased and the coalescence at which the emulsified droplets flow together to form a continuous phase, reduced. Consequently, by adding a such emulsifier under otherwise the same boundary conditions an emulsion of finer droplets can be achieved. Conversely, if a stabilizer is added, otherwise the same boundary conditions are larger droplets of emulsified substance.
- the ADN droplets as a disperse phase and one Matrix liquid existing and above the melting point emulsion tempered by ADN is in the third step of the inventive method below the melting point of Cooled down ADN, so that the disperse ADN drops to solid crystallize particles.
- the crystallization process can, in addition to the use of a specially for the Crystallization required temperature gradients, both by entering mechanical energy, as well can be controlled by adding crystallization nuclei.
- the entry of mechanical energy during crystallization to produce the finest possible crystalline product can be done using a stirrer or ultrasound the concentration of the disperse phase can be controlled can.
- the inventive method can be both continuous as well as carried out in batches.
- a discontinuous process variant in which the manufacture the emulsion and the crystallization of the disperse Drops can be carried out in a reactor e.g. various stirrers, such as blade or propeller stirrers, or discontinuous gear rim disperser for Preparation of the emulsion.
- a reactor e.g. various stirrers, such as blade or propeller stirrers, or discontinuous gear rim disperser for Preparation of the emulsion.
- With input of stirring energy the emulsion is then cooled, so that spherical Crystallize particles.
- the two process steps of emulsification and recrystallization can also be carried out separately in terms of time and location be, the emulsion after its preparation is conveyed into a second reactor in which the Recrystallization, e.g. through a suitable temperature gradient, can be influenced in a targeted manner.
- the emulsion initially using colloid mills, static mixers or continuous gear rim dispersion machines and then into the crystallization zone, e.g. in a tubular reactor or cascade crystallizer.
- a separation unit for separating the recrystallized particles from the matrix liquid provided, the separation by sedimentation, Filtration or centrifugation can be done. After this The particles are separated with a suitable one Washed solvent and dried.
- ADN crystalline ammonium dinitramide
- the grain is jagged and angular. Grain size and grain shape vary widely.
- 2 and 3 show with the inventive method from a paraffin emulsion manufactured spherical particles of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) with an average grain diameter below 500 ⁇ m in two different magnifications. The grain is almost exactly spherical and that Grain spectrum is relatively narrow.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von im wesentlichen sphärischen Partikeln schmelzfähiger, feuchtigkeitsempfindlicher Treib- und EXlosivstoffe sowie Oxidatoren, insbesondere Ammoniumdinitramid (ADN), gekennzeichnet durch folgende SchritteSchmelzen des Explosivstoffs;Emulgieren der Stoffschmelze in einer Matrixflüssigkeit, in welcher der Explosivstoff nicht oder nur schwer löslich ist;Abkühlen der Emulsion unter den Schmelzpunkt des Explosivstoffs unter Rekristallisation der dispersen Tropfen zu festen Partikeln;Abtrennen der festen Partikel von der Matrixflüssigkeit.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konzentration der Stoffschmelze in der Matrixflüssigkeit weniger als 50 Mass.-% beträgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konzentration der Stoffschmelze in der Matrixflüssigkeit weniger als 40 Mass.-% beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Matrixflüssigkeit Öle, insbesondere Paraffinöl und/oder Siliconöl verwendet werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schmelze in dieser lösliche Additive zur Verbesserung der Eigenschaften der rekristallisierten Partikeln zugesetzt werden
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Emulsion aus der Schmelze und der Matrixflüssigkeit durch Eintragen mechanischer Energie hergestellt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als mechanische Energie Schallenergie, insbesondere Ultraschall, eingetragen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Emulsion durch Einspritzen der Schmelze in die Matrixflüssigkeit hergestellt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Emulgieren der Schmelze Additive zur Veränderung der Oberflächenspannung zwischen Schmelze und Matrixflüssigkeit zugesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Additive Emulgatoren, insbesondere Siliciumdioxid, zugesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Abkühlen der Emulsion Kristallisationskeime zugesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Abkühlen der Emulsion die Kristallisation durch Eintrag mechanischer Energie beeinflußt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Emulsion beim Abkühlen Schallenergie, insbesondere Ultraschall, ausgesetzt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1998116853 DE19816853A1 (de) | 1998-04-16 | 1998-04-16 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Partikeln schmelzfähiger Treib- und Explosivstoffe |
DE19816853 | 1998-04-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0953555A1 true EP0953555A1 (de) | 1999-11-03 |
EP0953555B1 EP0953555B1 (de) | 2005-09-21 |
Family
ID=7864703
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19990105812 Expired - Lifetime EP0953555B1 (de) | 1998-04-16 | 1999-03-23 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Partikeln schmelzfähiger Treib- und Explosivstoffe |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0953555B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19816853A1 (de) |
NO (1) | NO312954B1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2884244A1 (fr) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-10-13 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Sa | Obtention de cristaux de dinitroamidure d'ammonium (adn); cristaux d'adn et les composites energetiques en contenant. |
WO2019229385A1 (fr) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-05 | Arianegroup Sas | Procede d'obtention de cristaux de dinitroamidure d'ammonium (adn); cristaux d'adn et les composites energetiques en contenant |
DE102020122328B3 (de) | 2020-08-26 | 2021-08-12 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Partikeln aus Ammoniumdinitramid (ADN) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10201937B4 (de) * | 2002-01-19 | 2005-08-04 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Additiven versetztem Ammoniumdinitramid (ADN) |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2887723A (en) * | 1955-02-23 | 1959-05-26 | Stamicarbon | Process for granulating material |
US3468986A (en) * | 1966-11-15 | 1969-09-23 | David J Watanabe | Method for producing a solid particulate material |
US3522334A (en) * | 1961-05-09 | 1970-07-28 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Preparation of spherical solid oxidizer pellets from nitronium perchlorate-lithium perchlorate mixture |
DE1467203A1 (de) * | 1964-09-09 | 1972-01-27 | Bundesrep Deutschland | Verfahren zur Herstellung von kugeligem,nicht backendem Ammoniumnitrat mit einer mittleren Korngroesse von etwa 10 bis 300 mu |
US4118797A (en) * | 1977-10-25 | 1978-10-03 | Energy And Minerals Research Co. | Ultrasonic emulsifier and method |
DE2924029A1 (de) * | 1978-06-13 | 1979-12-20 | Montedison Spa | Verfahren zur herstellung von sphaeroidisch geformten, bei raumtemperatur festen produkten |
US5071635A (en) * | 1988-02-18 | 1991-12-10 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Method of preparing ceramic microspheres |
WO1993016415A1 (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1993-08-19 | Research Laboratories Of Australia Pty. Ltd. | Spheroidal particles useful for electrostatography |
EP0759324A2 (de) * | 1995-08-18 | 1997-02-26 | Rohm And Haas Company | Ein auf Wasserbasis hergestelltes Perlprodukt |
WO1997047571A1 (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Process for preparing spherical particles of energetic compounds |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0238210A3 (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1989-05-24 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Solid explosive composition |
-
1998
- 1998-04-16 DE DE1998116853 patent/DE19816853A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-03-10 NO NO19991178A patent/NO312954B1/no unknown
- 1999-03-23 EP EP19990105812 patent/EP0953555B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-23 DE DE59912567T patent/DE59912567D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2887723A (en) * | 1955-02-23 | 1959-05-26 | Stamicarbon | Process for granulating material |
US3522334A (en) * | 1961-05-09 | 1970-07-28 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Preparation of spherical solid oxidizer pellets from nitronium perchlorate-lithium perchlorate mixture |
DE1467203A1 (de) * | 1964-09-09 | 1972-01-27 | Bundesrep Deutschland | Verfahren zur Herstellung von kugeligem,nicht backendem Ammoniumnitrat mit einer mittleren Korngroesse von etwa 10 bis 300 mu |
US3468986A (en) * | 1966-11-15 | 1969-09-23 | David J Watanabe | Method for producing a solid particulate material |
US4118797A (en) * | 1977-10-25 | 1978-10-03 | Energy And Minerals Research Co. | Ultrasonic emulsifier and method |
DE2924029A1 (de) * | 1978-06-13 | 1979-12-20 | Montedison Spa | Verfahren zur herstellung von sphaeroidisch geformten, bei raumtemperatur festen produkten |
US5071635A (en) * | 1988-02-18 | 1991-12-10 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Method of preparing ceramic microspheres |
WO1993016415A1 (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1993-08-19 | Research Laboratories Of Australia Pty. Ltd. | Spheroidal particles useful for electrostatography |
EP0759324A2 (de) * | 1995-08-18 | 1997-02-26 | Rohm And Haas Company | Ein auf Wasserbasis hergestelltes Perlprodukt |
WO1997047571A1 (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Process for preparing spherical particles of energetic compounds |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2884244A1 (fr) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-10-13 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Sa | Obtention de cristaux de dinitroamidure d'ammonium (adn); cristaux d'adn et les composites energetiques en contenant. |
WO2006108991A2 (fr) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-10-19 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | Obtention de cristaux de dinitroamidure d'ammonium (adn) ; cristaux d'adn et les composites energetiques en contenant |
WO2006108991A3 (fr) * | 2005-04-12 | 2007-03-22 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | Obtention de cristaux de dinitroamidure d'ammonium (adn) ; cristaux d'adn et les composites energetiques en contenant |
US7789980B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2010-09-07 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | Preparation of ammonium dinitroamide (ADN) crystals, ADN crystals and energetic composites containing them |
WO2019229385A1 (fr) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-05 | Arianegroup Sas | Procede d'obtention de cristaux de dinitroamidure d'ammonium (adn); cristaux d'adn et les composites energetiques en contenant |
FR3081864A1 (fr) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-06 | Arianegroup Sas | Obtention de cristaux de dinitroamidure d'ammmonium (adn) ; cristaux d'adn et les composites energetiques en contenant |
DE102020122328B3 (de) | 2020-08-26 | 2021-08-12 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Partikeln aus Ammoniumdinitramid (ADN) |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO312954B1 (no) | 2002-07-22 |
DE59912567D1 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
EP0953555B1 (de) | 2005-09-21 |
NO991178L (no) | 1999-10-18 |
NO991178D0 (no) | 1999-03-10 |
DE19816853A1 (de) | 1999-10-21 |
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