EP0831272B1 - Room lighting arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The arrangement has a daylight deflection device (3) extending through a window opening with an artificial light source (4) close by to add to or replace the daylight. The deflector has a trough-shaped, horizontal light conc. device in the form of a first reflector (31,32) on the input side arranged perpendicular to the room axis. A second reflector (35,36) with two curved reflection surfaces is directly adjacent to the first reflector on the light output side and is open towards the ceiling (2). The artificial light source is screened from the viewing direction. The daylight and artificial light are incident on one reflector surface in the same direction and are reflected towards the ceiling.

Description

The invention relates to a room lighting arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.

Daylight appears to be unrestricted, if not available free of charge to illuminate the interior of buildings. Especially for larger, commercially used buildings the room depth is also for reasons of economic use of space often a multiple of the room height. It follows from conventional daylight lighting even with large window areas a very uneven distribution of illuminance in the room what a good seeing, especially in the distance from the window Difficult areas. Much more uncomfortable but are high luminance differences in individual room areas, which lead to dazzling users of the room It is therefore not very early There was no attempt, especially in unfavorable spaces to use the available daylight as well as possible.

DE-C-631 798 is a device for room lighting described with daylight and artificial light, at the window openings superior or inserted in these openings flat reflectors for daylight and in the area to be illuminated Room lighting fixture provided for artificial light are. The known arrangement of this device for day and Artificial light is chosen so that the light of the two Types of light are initially directed towards the ceiling area and from there it only illuminates the room as reflected light. In Further development of this general idea of an indirect Daylight and artificial lighting of an interior will also suggested artificial light sources near the light entry opening to arrange for daylight. With that both light components in approximately the same direction towards higher ones Room surfaces directed and from there over the entire Space to be distributed. For this purpose, artificial Light sources directly above or below the light entry surface be provided for daylight. Also will to limit possible glare from the incident daylight proposed an anti-glare surface on the The inner edge of the flat reflectors is angled upwards is. With this solution proposal for a glare limitation is overlooked that in the one hand by the reflectors and the upper edge of the respective window opening on the other hand limited solid angle range daylight also immediately direct and thus unguided, glare effects cannot be excluded by this direct light component are.

Furthermore, from US-A-4 593 976 is a device for daylight lighting an interior known that optimizes it is the largest possible proportion of daylight in the window To direct areas of this interior. One for that used deflection device for the incoming daylight exists, seen in cross section, from two opposite curved reflector surfaces, one of which is in the outside space is directed, catches daylight and this on the second reflector surface facing the interior reflected. The second reflector surface is also the first Arranged so that on the one hand everything possible from this reflected light and on the other hand by an in outlet opening lying through the plane of the window surface is aimed at a virtual target area, which preferably in the area away from the ceiling above the ceiling lies. An interaction of the daylight lighting arrangement with artificial room lighting is not disclosed. The known solution is only optimized to especially considering the changing angle of incidence the sun, if possible all year round, i.e. So with changing positions of the sun and proportion of sunlight, if possible lots of light with the specially designed reflector arrangement in the interior to be illuminated and there in particular radiate into areas far from the window.

Now it is not enough to have an interior by daylight alone to brighten; the daylight must be illuminated by a Artificial lighting can be supplemented to make optimal use of space even in bad weather, dusk and dark enable. Even today, in many cases, the artificial one Lighting almost without special consideration the natural light is designed and furnished, so there was no lack of attempts, the overall lighting to understand an interior space as an integrated task, i.e. Daylight and artificial lighting under also from the point of view of economy to coordinate such a system.

So also from an essay "Daylighting with reflectors saves office energy "by EC&M magazine, November 1981, Page 73 and 74 a room lighting system with daylight and complementary artificial light known. In this known The solution is the entire facade area of a house Purpose of interior lighting designed accordingly. On one floor of the building is made of stainless steel formed facade skin only by a relatively low, inclined outwards from the window sill of the room Window area interrupted. Located below the window sill and in front of the inclined window surface outside a first curved one as a collector for natural daylight Reflector provided that this light, upwards directed, reflected in the interior. That first reflector is a second reflector above the window surface assigned, which reaches up to the ceiling, the irradiated Daylight catches and directed against the ceiling again radiates. About a lack of daylight when the sky is overcast To be completed is the edge near this ceiling of this second Reflector adjacent to a shielded light bar Ceiling installed. This depends on the current one Weather conditions can be switched on or off. Light emitted by this light bar is steered into the room via the second reflector and should always give the impression of one Awaken daylight-lit window opening of the room. The one emitted by the light bar Light is in particular generated by the second reflector, which then acts as a wallwasher directed into the area close to the window, which is why this additional lighting for the artificial Room lighting is not yet sufficient. Therefore, for artificial room lighting further ceiling lights are provided deeper in the room.

WO 90/10176 discloses a room lighting arrangement according to the preamble of the claim 1, in which several curved reflectors in a window opening parallel one above the other are arranged and in each case on the underside of the reflectors in cross section triangular reflector section is attached, the one facing the interior Side has a reflector surface inclined at an acute angle to the vertical, which Light coming from the inside of the room is reflected back into the room. An artificial light source is arranged below the reflector arrangement and emits light on the side of the reflector sections with a triangular cross-section facing the inside of the room a, so that the incident light on the window opening of the artificial light source in the Space is reflected back. Direct sunlight can pass through the system without reflection, which can lead to glare.

EP 0 200 876 A1 discloses a lighting arrangement that is used exclusively for lighting is provided with daylight and parabolic reflector sections for coupling of light into a room that has its focus on the outside of the window opening to have. In a special embodiment, a light shaft can be used to limit the beam be upstream, which tapers towards the room side.

The present invention has for its object for a room lighting arrangement of the type mentioned to create a further embodiment with which the Available daylight - based on the smallest possible facade opening - with high efficiency in the room to be illuminated without glare is and can be combined with artificial room lighting so that under all Lighting conditions give the impression of natural lighting is conveyed.

With the room lighting arrangement of the type mentioned, this object is achieved according to the invention solved by the features described in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

With the aid of the first reflector arrangement designed as a radiation concentrator, the aim is to in a simple way to capture as much daylight as possible and at least in one relatively small area in one dimension, the light exit area of this first reflector arrangement, to concentrate. This results in a compact design of the deflection device achieved that does not obscure the normal range of vision of room users to the outside. The for the basic lighting of the room at least at dusk and in the dark an artificial light source is then arranged so that the main directions of emission both for the daylight component as well as for the artificial light component for basic lighting of the room come from the same direction and both parts of the light into this against the ceiling, on higher wall areas, by no means directly into the lower half-space be directed.

So you have it with an appropriate lighting design the artificial light source in hand, so on the Adjust daylight lighting that even with completely different Daylight conditions for the users of the room due to the similar distribution of both light components a spatial impression arises that matches the naturally given Light conditions is adjusted.

Today there are funds available for interior lighting At least one preset, regardless of daylight Level of lighting in an interior by a corresponding automatic control of artificial light sources to be switched on to accomplish. These options with regard to the selection of the type of light of the basic lighting of the room complementary artificial light source (s) and on the controlled delivery of the luminous flux can also be in the inventive Take advantage of the solution. Then users will be one with such Room lighting arrangement equipped room in the course one day not at all aware that the through lighting conditions given by natural daylight change more or less continuously. Rather, users have the illuminated interior also the subjective impression, comfortably lit by daylight Stopping space.

It is also of great advantage that the invention Solution the interior designer, also the one planning the building Architects in the free implementation of their spatial ideas hardly restricted. There is one for the deflection device Facade opening required, but in the vertical Direction is particularly compact. There is only one per floor a near the ceiling, outside the normal field of vision irradiation area located by users of the room predefined for daylight. The remaining area of each floor height can be structured in any way, d. H. for example normal window surfaces, also inside or outside Have shading elements. Apart from that generated by the room lighting arrangement according to the invention Basic lighting over the entire depth of the room, which turns out to be indirect lighting through at least one reflection of the light radiated through this arrangement in the room, can be completely natural to the room user effective lighting effects also through additional conventional Create daylight lighting in the room.

Of course, it remains unaffected, above all Room lighting arrangement serving the basic lighting of a room in a comprehensive lighting system for interiors to integrate. In commercial buildings Often large fixed areas are provided when the sun is high Extremely high illuminance levels, especially in the area close to the window cause. To remedy this in normal Conventional shading elements are provided his. In contrast, at dusk and in the dark, the room lighting arrangement can completed by further artificial light sources become. It is essential that the completely glare-free, Room lighting arrangement used for basic lighting a predetermined mean at any time Illuminance guaranteed in the room. In addition, at corresponding design, in particular of the second reflector arrangement a luminance curve at the room boundary surfaces be achieved in terms of its uniformity conventional daylight lighting - even with large ones Window surfaces - is superior.

Developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims and are used in the description of exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.

Figur 1 schematisch in einem Querschnitt eine erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete, in einer Raumdecke angeordnete, durch eine Gebäudefassade hindurchreichende Raumbeleuchtungsanordnung,

Figur 2 ein Simulationsbeispiel für die Verteilung der über die Umlenkeinrichtung vorzugsweise aus einem hohen Einstrahlungswinkel in einen Innenraum eingestrahlten Tageslichtkomponente, Figur 3 im Vergleich dazu die Lichtverteilung der die Grundbeleuchtung des Raumes ergänzenden Kunstlichtkomponente und

Figur 4 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Raumbeleuchtungsanordnung, bei dem die ergänzende Kunstlichtquelle im Gegensatz zu dem Beispiel gemäß Figur 1 statt unmittelbar am Fuß einer gegen die Decke gerichteten, als Deckenfluter ausgebildeten Reflektorfläche dieser gegenüberstehend auf der Oberseite einer zweiten in den Raum gerichteten Reflektorfläche der Umlenkeinrichtung angeordnet ist.

Such embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. It shows:

FIG. 1 shows schematically in cross section a room lighting arrangement designed according to the invention and arranged in a ceiling and extending through a building facade,

FIG. 2 shows a simulation example for the distribution of the daylight component, which is preferably radiated into the interior from a high angle of incidence, via the deflection device;

4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the room lighting arrangement, in which, in contrast to the example according to FIG. 1, the supplementary artificial light source is arranged opposite the top of a second reflector surface of the deflection device facing the ceiling, instead of directly at the foot of a reflector surface designed as a ceiling washer is.

In Figure 1 is the principle of an indirect room lighting arrangement shown, essentially in the facade area a room is arranged. A house facade is simplified 1 and a ceiling 2 of an interior to be illuminated played. The house facade 1 is near the ceiling 2 perforated to accommodate a deflection device 3 for daylight, to introduce the above into the interior to be illuminated is. This deflection device 3 is trough-shaped and extends with their perpendicular to that in figure 1 shown section lying longitudinal axis in a horizontal Direction across the room width. It includes one on the light entry side arranged, opening outward first Reflector arrangement with two parabolic reflector surfaces 31 and 32, respectively, between a light entry surface 33 and a concentrator surface 34 are spanned. The Intersection of the concentrator surface 34 with the two reflector surfaces 31 and 32, for example, coincide with the respective Focal points for the intersections opposite parabolic reflector surface together. In particular, the reflector surface 32 can with a Fine structure, which contributes to local differences in luminance to decrease on the concentrator surface 34.

This first reflector arrangement 31, 32 corresponds in its Design of a radiation concentrator known passive, d. H. stationary, i.e. the current position of the sun non-trackable solar panels. With the help of this the first reflector arrangement 31, 32 can be so incident Daylight on the concentrator area, which is dimensionally minimized 34 bundle. You can this concentrator 34th under this condition as a limited in size Evaluate light source that clearly - in contrast to an artificial light source - referred to as a "solar" light source could be. You can also through a in the concentrator area 34 inserted diffusely transmitting disc added the further distribution of the amount of daylight passing through to even out. The first reflector arrangement 31, 32 has one in this embodiment Aperture angle α of approximately 60 ° and is fixed in the facade area preferably arranged so that the light entry surface 33 - measured from the nadir - an angular range of 10 ° to 70 ° detected to direct as high a proportion as possible Sunlight, but of course also diffuse daylight capture.

The concentrator area lies under the irradiation conditions mentioned 34 regarding their inclination to the interior not as it is for the spatial distribution of the daylight portion passing through them is required would. That is why this first reflector arrangement follows 31, 32 directly on a second reflector arrangement 35, 36, the reflector surfaces 35 and 36 directed into the interior are. One reflector surface of this second reflector arrangement is designed as a floodlight 35. It closes immediately to the inner edge point of one reflector surface 32 the first reflector arrangement 31, 32 and is relative weak curvature at a relatively acute angle aligned against the vertical in the direction of the ceiling 2.

The second reflector surface 36 of the second reflector arrangement forms the actual deflection surface 36 for what is to be blasted Daylight. It closes at the lower edge of the concentrator surface 34 with an approximately circular segment Partial area 361 and goes into a tangentially attached to it flat partial area 362 above. This flat partial surface 362 is at a relatively flat angle to the horizontal also directed against the ceiling 2. At the inner end this flat partial surface 362 of the deflection surface 36 is one of them facing edge angled 363 provided. through this glare edge 363 becomes the light exit opening of the second reflector arrangement 35, 36 against the lower half space shielded the interior to be illuminated. It is advantageous the surface of the second reflector surface 36 diffusely reflecting educated.

In this embodiment shown in Figure 1 is now to supplement, if necessary replace the daylight component at least one artificial light source 4 near the base the reflector surface designed as a floodlight 35 second reflector arrangement 35, 36 arranged. Is this Light source 4 as an elongated lamp, for example as Fluorescent lamp trained, so extends their Longitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the deflection device 3. On the sides facing away from the uplighter 35 is the Artificial light source 4 shielded from a third reflector arrangement 5, so that emitted from the artificial light source 4 Light directly or after a reflection on the third reflector arrangement 5 only in the direction of the uplighter 35, but in no case in the lower half-space of the one to be illuminated Interior is emitted.

For the basic lighting of the room in question first of all, that both, from the "solar" light source, i. H. the concentrator surface 34 of the first reflector arrangement 31, 32 or the artificial light source 4 emitted light components, coming from the same direction, on the ceiling washer 35 hit and from there into the upper half space of the interior to be illuminated are reflected. Especially In this context it is advantageous that these two Light sources for daylight or artificial light - seen at least in cross section - only limited dimensions exhibit. The radiation characteristics are thus in both cases easier to master and easier on each other vote. Viewed as a whole, they are desired Realize light distributions in an interior.

In Figure 2 is now to clarify the spatial arrangement the room lighting arrangement described above schematically an example of their use in an interior played. The example adopted relates to realistic Conditions that are more common in offices are. This is a room height H of 300 cm and a room depth T = 2H = 600 cm selected. Because of the roughly to scale Representation are details of the room usage arrangement this figure can hardly be clearly seen. That comes down to but it does not work here because this is shown above with the help of figure 1 have already been explained. Rather, this illustration clarifies that for the relatively close to the ceiling deflector 3 only an acceptable proportion of the total room height H is required, although with this Room lighting arrangement allows sufficient daylight capture and direct it into areas far from the facade.

With the one assumed in the example, which is quite common in office rooms This room lighting arrangement is not at room height more in the direct field of vision of people working in the room People and therefore appears relatively inconspicuous. Still stands the entire area below the deflection device 3 the facade 1 of the room to be illuminated to the architect for free design immediately available. He can e.g. B. provide large-area glazing as a viewing area, structure this area or, if desired, additional shading elements arrange in this area without the function the room lighting arrangement described here in principle would be affected.

Seen in terms of lighting technology, Figure 2 illustrates the angle of incidence of daylight, especially direct Sunlight-dependent function of this deflection device 3 in terms of the distribution of the steered into the interior Daylight share. It seems unnecessary, this from Function of the deflection device depending on the angle of incidence 3 in several examples for different light incidence angles also to clarify in detail in the drawing. Because the deflection device 3 is on it in its geometry matched, as shown in the example shown in Figure 2, captured daylight, especially from high angles of incidence in the range of about 50 to 70 ° if possible evenly over the entire ceiling 2, if necessary also distribute high-lying wall areas away from the window. With decreasing angle of incidence, this requires the geometry the deflection device 3, this is from these directions Daylight shines more and more towards the facade Partial surfaces of the ceiling 2 blasted. By the superposition of these individual directions of irradiation As has been shown, daylight becomes an overall essential more favorable light distribution even in deep rooms than with conventional solutions for daylight lighting reached.

In Figure 3, the lighting technology is now compared to Figure 2 Function of only that which complements the basic lighting Artificial light for the room lighting arrangement described with reference to FIG. 1 shown. This illustration shows that with the artificial light source 4 in the geometric Arrangement of Figure 1 preferably near the window Ceiling 2 are illuminated, d. H. the uniformity the light distribution on the ceiling 2 is less. This zonal effect is desirable because experience has shown that workplaces preferably set up near the window become. Therefore, the room lighting arrangement described in integrated artificial lighting only as Basic lighting intended for an interior and accordingly to rate.

Finally, FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment for the room lighting arrangement shown. First of all, here the arrangement of the deflection device 3 in a window House facade 1 near the ceiling 2 shown in more detail. These details were only shown in Figure 1 Omitted for clarity. The essential Difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that the artificial light source 4 is not immediate in the foot area of the floodlight 35, but instead, opposite this, on the room ceiling 2 facing Top of the deflection surface 36 of the interior directed second reflector arrangement 35, 36 is arranged. Studies have shown that for the actual light-directing function of the through the concentrator surface 34 daylight, especially the areas the deflection surface 36 are the more essential, the smaller their Distance to this concentrator surface 34 is. For this reason it is also possible to use the artificial light source 4 - assembly and easy to maintain - in the transition area between the levels To arrange partial surface 362 and the blend edge 363 of the deflection surface 3. Neither have to point into the interior Dimensions are changed significantly; still will thereby the light-guiding function of the deflecting surface 3 strong impaired. Also meet in this embodiment the proportion of daylight and artificial light, essentially coming in the same main beam direction, on the ceiling washer 35 and are directed from there against the ceiling 2. Due to the changed position of the artificial light source 4 can of course in the embodiment shown in Figure 4 the third reflector arrangement shown in Figure 1 5 omitted. To a certain extent, it is also appropriate to Cross-sectional shape of the floodlight 35 to the changed position the artificial light source 4, but adapted to the geometry to adapt the first reflector arrangement 31, 32.

Both described exemplary embodiments for a room lighting arrangement can be integrated into a more comprehensive lighting system integrate. For switching off from too bright, entering through window areas in the visible area of the room Venetian blinds, also leporello blinds and similar may be provided. At dusk and in the dark additional lights, especially ceiling lights the described Complete basic lighting. Already for Available control options can be within the scope of such a lighting system can be used to the individual Components depending on the current illuminance to control so that a medium predetermined Illuminance level in the room is maintained.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Hausfassade

2

ceiling

3

deflecting

31.32

1. Reflector arrangement

33

Light entry surface

34

concentrator

α

Aperture angle of 31, 32

35.36

2. Reflector arrangement

35

uplight

36

Deflection surface with:

361

arcuate partial surface

362

flat partial area

363

blend edge

4

Artificial light source

5

3. Reflector arrangement

H

ceiling height

T

room depth

Claims (9)

1. A room lighting arrangement with a deflecting device (3) extending through a window opening of a building facade (1) and disposed above a normal range of vision, with a first (31, 32) and second (35, 36) reflector arrangement for directing the daylight, which directs the daylight into the room in dazzle-free manner, and with at least one artificial light source (4) which is disposed near the deflector device and which complements, or if required replaces, the daylight component, characterised in that the deflector device comprises on the light entry side a radiation concentrator in the form of a stationary trough-shaped first reflector arrangement (31, 32) which is disposed near the ceiling and which extends perpendicularly and transversely to the vertical, the longitudinal axis thereof extending in the horizontal direction and being directly adjoined on the light exit side by a second reflector arrangement (35, 36) which opens in the direction of the room ceiling and which has two curved reflector surfaces (35; 36), one reflector surface thereof being constructed as a ceiling floodlight (35) inclined at an acute angle to the vertical, and in that the artificial light source (4) which is shielded in the direction of view and is spatially associated with the second reflector arrangement is so disposed with respect to its reflector surface constructed as a ceiling floodlight that the daylight and artificial light components meet said reflector surface in the same main radiation direction and are reflected against a room ceiling (2).
2. A room lighting arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the first reflector arrangement (31, 32) comprises on the light entry side at least one reflector surface (32) which is constructed to be parabolic in cross-section and which focuses incoming daylight on to a concentrator surface (34), and which is adjoined, viewed in the light transmission direction, by a deflector surface (36) of the second reflector arrangement (35, 36) which is disposed opposite at a distance from the concentrator surface, and which is attached to the concentrator surface (34) in the form of a curved partial surface (361) which has a curvature in the opposite direction to the reflector surface (32) focusing the daylight, and which merges into a tangentially adjoining flat partial surface (362) inclined to the horizontal at an acute angle to the room ceiling (2) and ends in a shade edge (363) bent upwards therefrom.
3. A room lighting arrangement according to claim 2, characterised in that the first reflector arrangement (31, 32) associated with the light entry side comprises a double-parabolic cross-section with two reflector surfaces (31; 32), while the focal points (F1; F2) of each lying on the other reflector surface coincide with the edge points of the concentrator surface (34).
4. A room lighting arrangement according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the parabolic cross-sectional configuration of the reflector surface or surfaces (31; 32) of the first reflector arrangement (31, 32) has a fine structure superimposed thereon to reduce local light density differences.
5. A room lighting arrangement according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the concentrator surface (34) of the first reflector arrangement (31, 32) is constructed as a diffuse-transmitting surface.
6. A room lighting arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the deflector surface (36) of the second reflector arrangement (35, 36) is of diffuse-reflecting construction on its top surface facing the room ceiling (2).
7. A room lighting arrangement according to claim 6, characterised in that the deflector surface (36) of the second reflector arrangement (35, 36) is of diffuse-transmitting construction in its end zone containing the shade edge (363).
8. A room lighting arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the at least one artificial light source (4) is disposed at the base point of the reflector surface of the second reflector arrangement (35, 36) in the form of a ceiling floodlight (35), and parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof.
9. A room lighting arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the at least one artificial light source (4) on the top surface of the deflector surface (36) of the second reflector arrangement (35, 36) facing the room ceiling (2) is disposed in the transition zone between the flat surface part (362) thereof and the shade edge (363), and parallel to the reflector longitudinal axis.

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