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EP0815570A1 - Commutateur electrique actionnable mecaniquement - Google Patents

Commutateur electrique actionnable mecaniquement

Info

Publication number
EP0815570A1
EP0815570A1 EP95917270A EP95917270A EP0815570A1 EP 0815570 A1 EP0815570 A1 EP 0815570A1 EP 95917270 A EP95917270 A EP 95917270A EP 95917270 A EP95917270 A EP 95917270A EP 0815570 A1 EP0815570 A1 EP 0815570A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
piece
switch
switch according
actuating element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95917270A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Dorsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0815570A1 publication Critical patent/EP0815570A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/50—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts with indexing or locating means, e.g. indexing by ball and spring
    • H01H3/503—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts with indexing or locating means, e.g. indexing by ball and spring making use of electromagnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/504—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by thermal means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H01H9/0271—Bases, casings, or covers structurally combining a switch and an electronic component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switch, in particular for motor vehicles, with a mechanical actuation element and a contact piece of a power contact that is actuated directly by the latter for directly switching a consumer on and off.
  • a switching device for a rear window heater of a motor vehicle in which a first actuation of the operating switch switches on a first time switch, which keeps the heating switched on for a certain time.
  • a subsequent second actuation of the Operating switch activates another timer with a shorter holding time, as a result of which a shorter post-heating can be triggered.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a circuit breaker with automatic shutdown, which is compact and can be manufactured inexpensively.
  • the power contact is still activated by the actuation mechanism e.g. closed manually, whereby the switching force and switching energy required to close the contact is easily applied.
  • the locking means which is tuned to a correspondingly optimal force-displacement characteristic and can be made considerably smaller than a relay, which also closes the closing movement must execute.
  • switch the switch e.g. to be so compact as an operating switch that it can easily be installed in an instrument panel of a motor vehicle close to other switches.
  • the switch due to the lower ferromagnetic expenditure, the switch can be manufactured considerably more cost-effectively than a switch with an indirectly operated relay.
  • the wiring and assembly work is reduced compared to an externally arranged relay.
  • the additional switch can e.g. be an external sensor that detects the state reached by the consumer, e.g. a sufficiently heated rear window is detected and its output signal switches the locking means on or off.
  • the switch can also be designed, for example, as a sensor switch that controls a fan blower that is to remain switched on for a selected minimum period, which is set at a timer, regardless of the temperature of the scanned location, which may fluctuate strongly under certain circumstances.
  • a sensor switch that controls a fan blower that is to remain switched on for a selected minimum period, which is set at a timer, regardless of the temperature of the scanned location, which may fluctuate strongly under certain circumstances.
  • an evaporating medium shifts a membrane or a membrane Piston, which actuates the movable contact piece.
  • the integrated timer according to claim 2 can be so small as an electronic timer that it does not increase the spatial additional requirement or only slightly. Due to the arrangement of the control line, the timer is only activated when the power contact is closed after the manual actuation.
  • this can e.g. spring-like actuating element back into its initial position during the locking phase, which corresponds to the usual key characteristic.
  • the development according to claim 4 enables premature manual shutdown of the consumer, which is particularly important after incorrect operation.
  • the timer and the logic circuit can e.g. be summarized in the miniaturized electronic timer 10.
  • the auxiliary contact can e.g. against the power contact, it should be designed so that the different switching states of the two control lines can be evaluated for switching the locking means on or off.
  • the auxiliary contact is closed first and then the power contact.
  • This switching sequence causes the locking means to be switched on, which hold the movable contact piece in the closed switching position.
  • the actuating element is actuated again during the locking phase, the power contact is already closed before the auxiliary contact.
  • This switching sequence switches off the locking means and releases the movable contact of the power contact.
  • the signal state on a connecting line between the time switch and the locking means for example, can also be evaluated accordingly.
  • the development according to claim 5 ensures that the position of the actuating element corresponds to the switching position of the auxiliary contact and that each actuation of the actuating element triggers a switching operation.
  • the arrangement of the auxiliary contact according to claim 6 enables the locking means to be arranged on the side of the power contact facing the actuating element, where they can be combined particularly cheaply with the actuating element.
  • the locking means can be arranged on the back of the switch facing away from the actuating element. This enables a particularly simple, direct interaction of the actuating element, the auxiliary contact and the power contact.
  • the development according to claim 8 ensures that the closing movement of the movable contact part is only transmitted to the movable contact piece of the power contact after the auxiliary contact has closed.
  • the switch is structurally considerably simplified by the development according to claim 9.
  • the potential supply to the auxiliary contact and to the power contact is realized at the same time.
  • the flexible springs, the positional accuracy and the resettability of the parts can be realized in a simple manner by the flexible springs.
  • the snap disk according to claim 11 improves the switching behavior of the contacts and the tactile properties of the switch. The sudden drop in the force to be exerted when the snap disk is pushed through can also produce an audible clicking sound.
  • the movable contact piece of the power contact is fixed without delay by the electromagnet according to claim 12, so that the consumer is switched on safely even with a very short actuation of the actuating element.
  • the ferromagnetic portion and the copper portion can be considerably reduced in comparison with a relay with the same power to be switched through, since no lifting work, but only a holding force has to be applied. This makes the switch considerably simpler, cheaper and more compact.
  • due to the lower number of ampere turns of the coil its power loss decreases.
  • the electromagnet in a modification of the U-shape, it is also possible to design the electromagnet to be rotationally symmetrical, the fixed magnet part being cup-shaped and the movable magnet piece correspondingly disc-shaped with a protruding pin-like central section.
  • Such an electromagnet achieves a particularly high holding force due to its small stray field with the lowest electrical power and the smallest dimensions.
  • the plunger according to claim 19 establishes the operative connection between the actuating element and the auxiliary contact independently of the power contact, for example by being guided through the movable contact piece or laterally past it.
  • the bimetal piece according to claims 20 and 21 and 22 can be made considerably more compact than the electromagnet.
  • the direct heating by the heating element according to claim 20 enables rapid heating of the small mass e.g. within 1/10 second before the actuating element is released. Since the required forming energy is applied by hand, the time until the holding temperature is reached is reduced accordingly. This must be set to a value which is above the maximum possible ambient temperature.
  • the bimetallic snap disk according to claims 24 and 25 enables a snap effect which is favorable for the switching behavior.
  • the required switch-on temperature of such control elements is considerably higher than the return temperature. Due to the manual support of the switch-on process, the bimetallic snap disk only needs to be heated to a value which is slightly above the return temperature. The time required for this is considerably less than for a snap disk that is only switched on electrically. As a result, the self-locking of the bimetallic snap disk can begin after a short time before the actuating element is released.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a switch for motor vehicles with automatic shutdown
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of another switch for
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail from FIG. 2 after actuating an actuating element
  • FIG. 4 shows the detail from FIG. 2 after releasing the actuating element.
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a section through the switch Fig. 2 with locking means designed as an electromagnet
  • Fig. 6 to 8 schematically shows a section through another switch, according to Figs. 2 to 5 in different switching phases
  • Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of another switch with
  • FIG. 10 schematically shows a section through the switch according to FIG. 10.
  • a power contact 2 is connected to a power supply line 1, which is mechanically connected to an actuating element 5 and connected in series with a consumer 6, the output of which is connected to a ground line 7.
  • a first control line 9 branches off from a supply line 8 from the power contact 2 to the consumer 6 to a timer 10 which contains an electronic timer and whose output is connected via a connecting line 20 to locking means 3 which are switched on and off by the timer 10 - are switchable.
  • the timer is also supplied with positive potential via the control line 9.
  • a search lamp 11 is connected to a supply line 12 for a lamp 13 of a headlamp and with its output to the ground line 7.
  • a function light 4 is connected in parallel to the consumer 6 and shows its switching status.
  • the actuating element 5, the power contact 2, the locking means 3, the time switch 10, the function lamp 4 and the search lamp 13 are combined in a structural unit to form a switch 14 designed as an operating switch.
  • a switch 14 designed as an operating switch.
  • a movable contact piece 15 of the power contact 2 is pressed against the associated mating contact point and the power contact 2 is closed, which switches on the consumer 6 and the timer 10.
  • This activates the locking means 3 via the connecting line 20, which hold the contact piece 15 in the closed switching position even after the actuating element 5 has been released.
  • the timer 10 is opened and the locking means 3 are switched off, whereupon the switching element 15 is released, the power contact 2 is opened and the consumer 6 is switched off.
  • another switch 17 is constructed largely like the switch 14 according to FIG. 1. It differs from this above all in that an additional contact 18 is mechanically coupled to the actuating element 5, which is also connected to the power supply line 1 and is connected with its output via a second control line 19 to the timer 10, which in addition to the timer contains a logic circuit.
  • the auxiliary contact 18 and the power contact 2 are detachably coupled to one another such that the auxiliary contact 18 is opened again after the actuating element has been released, regardless of the switching position of the contact piece 15 of the power contact 2.
  • the input of the auxiliary contact 18 is connected to the power supply line 1 via an ignition switch 38.
  • a third control line 39 branches off from the input of the auxiliary contact 18 to the timer 10 and ensures that this is the locking means 3 switches off when the ignition is switched off.
  • the plus potential is fed to the timer 10 via the first control line 9, so that the timer 10 is de-energized except when the power contact 2 is closed. When the power contact 2 is open, no leakage currents can occur at the timer 10.
  • a dimming resistor 40 is arranged between the search lamp 11 and the supply line 12.
  • the auxiliary contact 18 After releasing the actuating element 5 (FIG. 4), the auxiliary contact 18 opens. The power contact 2 remains closed by the timer 10 until it is switched off. However, if the actuating element 5 is pressed again beforehand, the auxiliary contact 18 is closed again and the timer 10 is switched off due to the different switching state of the two control lines 9 and 19, and the magnet piece 16 with the contact piece 15 of the power contact 2 is released. This is opened and the consumer 6 is switched off.
  • the locking means in the compact switch 17 are designed as an electromagnet 22, which is composed of a U-shaped fixed magnetic part 23, a magnetic coil 24 and a flat, movable magnetic piece 16, which is located at a short distance above the free ends the leg of the magnetic part 23 is located and is firmly connected to the movable contact piece 15 of the power contact.
  • the contact piece 15 forms, together with a fixed mating contact part 25, the power contact 2.
  • the auxiliary contact 18 is arranged between the power contact 2 and the button-shaped actuating element 5.
  • the contact piece 15 connected to positive potential also forms a counter-contact to the contact part 21 of the auxiliary contact 18.
  • the movable contact part 21 and the movable contact piece 15 are designed as resetting spiral springs. As a result, the contacts are kept open in the initial position and the actuating element 5 is also reset after being released.
  • the actuating element 5 is pressed in, the movable contact part 18 is first pressed against the movable contact piece 15 and the auxiliary contact is closed. Then the contact piece 15 is pressed against the mating contact part 25 connected to the consumer and the power contact 2 is closed. With further pressure on the actuating element, the snap disk is then pushed through, which is associated with a perceptible crack.
  • the power contact 2 closes the timer 10 via the first control line 9, which is connected to the solenoid 24. This activates the electromagnet 22 in such a way that the movable magnetic piece 16 is pulled against the fixed magnetic part 23, as a result of which the movable contact piece 15 is held in the closed switching position.
  • the actuating element 5 After the actuating element 5 has been released, it is pushed back into the starting position by the spring force of the movable contact part 18 and the auxiliary contact 15 is opened.
  • the magnet coil 24 is switched off and the movable magnet piece 16 with the contact piece 15 is released. This springs back into the open switch position, whereby the power supply to the consumer connected to the supply line 8 is interrupted.
  • the auxiliary contact 15 sends a control pulse to the logic circuit of the timer 10 via the second control line 19, as a result of which the magnet coil 24 is switched off and the power contact 2 is interrupted.
  • the magnetic part 28 encompasses the fixed magnet coil 31, which is wound on a coil body 32, which extends through the U-shaped magnet part 28 in its base section.
  • the movable magnetic piece 30 has a T-shaped shape complementary to the magnetic part 28. Its base section is located above the ends of the legs of the U-shaped magnet part 28. Its central section, which projects in the direction of operation, extends through the coil body 32 with the magnet coil 31 and the fixed magnet part 28 and lies with its inner end on the spring-elastic contact piece 15 of the Power contact 2 on.
  • the auxiliary contact 18 is located on the side of the power contact 2 facing away from the actuating element.
  • a plunger 33 projects through the movable magnetic piece 30 and the power contact 2 and is resiliently clamped between the spring-elastic movable contact part 21 of the auxiliary contact 18 and the actuating element 5 .
  • the magnetic piece 30 bears against the bottom of the actuating element 5 at a distance from the ends of the legs of the magnetic part 28 due to the spring action of the contact piece 15.
  • the actuating element 5 (FIG. 7) is pressed in, the magnet piece 30 and the plunger 33 are pushed in the direction of the power contact 2 or auxiliary contact 18, as a result of which the contact piece 15 and the contact part 21 are moved into the closed switching position and the electromagnet 27 is switched on.
  • the actuating element 5 has been released (FIG. 8)
  • it is moved back into the starting position by the contact part 21 opening by means of the plunger 33.
  • the transverse base section of the movable magnet piece 30 is pulled by the magnetic action against the free ends of the side legs of the fixed magnetic part 28, as a result of which the movable contact piece 15 of the power contact 2 is held by the timer 10 in the closed switching position until the electromagnet 27 is switched off.
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows a further switch 34, in which the locking means as heatable dome-shaped bimetal snap disk 35 are formed. Depending on its own temperature, this has two different bending shapes with an alternating bulge of the central region in opposite directions. This results in a jerky stroke movement in the central region of the disk, which is suitable for
  • the bimetallic snap disk 35 is coated on one side with a heating element 36 which is connected to the timer 10 via the connecting line 20. It is located between the actuating element 5 and the power contact 2 and is kinematically rigidly coupled to the movable contact piece 15 of the power contact 2.
  • the resiliently supported actuating element 5 has at its inner end the movable contact part 21, which is connected to the timer 10 via the second control line 19.
  • the bimetallic snap disk 35 is connected to the positive potential and forms a counter-contact to the contact part 2, which can be placed on the bimetal snap disk 35.
  • the heating element is switched on by means of the timer 10, which briefly heats the bimetallic snap disk 35 to the required holding temperature, at which the current bending shape is maintained by the timer 10 even without external force until the heating element 36 is switched off and the power contact 2 remains closed . Thereafter, the intrinsic temperature of the pane falls below the return temperature, at which it suddenly returns to its original shape and the power contact 2 is opened.
  • FIG. 10 shows the switch according to FIG. 9 more specifically.
  • the bimetallic snap disk 35 lying at plus potential has a central contact rivet 37 which projects on both sides. This forms contact points with the movable contact part 21 of the Auxiliary contact 2 and the fixed mating contact part 25 of the power contact 2.
  • the bimetallic snap disk 35 thus also serves as a movable contact piece 15 of the power contact 2.
  • the movable contact part 21 of the auxiliary contact 18 is designed as a spring-back contact spring, which is connected to the timer 10 via the second one Control line 19 is connected and which also causes the spring-back for the adjacent actuating element.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Un contact de puissance (2) pour consommateur (6) électrique est actionné manuellement et est maintenu en position fermée à l'aide d'éléments d'arrêt (3) compacts. L'enclenchement du contact de puissance (2) entraîne l'activation d'une minuterie (10), qui pilote l'électro-aimant. Un contact auxiliaire (18) supplémentaire permet un désenclenchement prématuré des éléments d'arrêt (3) et par conséquent du contact de puissance (2). Ce procédé permet de produire de manière économique un commutateur (14, 17, 27, 34) de faible encombrement.
EP95917270A 1994-05-17 1995-05-04 Commutateur electrique actionnable mecaniquement Withdrawn EP0815570A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4417190 1994-05-17
DE4417190 1994-05-17
PCT/DE1995/000587 WO1995031819A1 (fr) 1994-05-17 1995-05-04 Commutateur electrique actionnable mecaniquement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0815570A1 true EP0815570A1 (fr) 1998-01-07

Family

ID=6518247

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95917270A Withdrawn EP0815570A1 (fr) 1994-05-17 1995-05-04 Commutateur electrique actionnable mecaniquement

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0815570A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995031819A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6511827B1 (en) * 1997-12-17 2003-01-28 Merck & Co., Inc. Nucleotide encoding human galanin receptor 3 (GALR3)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113485239B (zh) * 2021-06-22 2023-06-30 郭恩训 一种指按器及控制电路

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2594670A (en) * 1949-07-16 1952-04-29 Metals & Controls Corp Control relay
US3760236A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-09-18 Hollins J R Apparatus for automatically extinguishing lights of a vehicle
GB1386904A (en) * 1973-07-24 1975-03-12 Ford Motor Co Vehicle having a rear window heater controlled by a switch
FR2460538B1 (fr) * 1978-04-21 1985-07-05 Trw Inc Dispositif de commutation a minuterie
US4376895A (en) * 1979-10-24 1983-03-15 Meister Jack B Electromechanical switching device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9531819A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6511827B1 (en) * 1997-12-17 2003-01-28 Merck & Co., Inc. Nucleotide encoding human galanin receptor 3 (GALR3)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1995031819A1 (fr) 1995-11-23

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