EP0809707A1 - Microorganism of genus chrysosporium for use in preparing farnesyl transferase inhibitors - Google Patents
Microorganism of genus chrysosporium for use in preparing farnesyl transferase inhibitorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP0809707A1 EP0809707A1 EP96901418A EP96901418A EP0809707A1 EP 0809707 A1 EP0809707 A1 EP 0809707A1 EP 96901418 A EP96901418 A EP 96901418A EP 96901418 A EP96901418 A EP 96901418A EP 0809707 A1 EP0809707 A1 EP 0809707A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- compound
- chrysosporium
- strain
- cbs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 241000123346 Chrysosporium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 title description 11
- 239000003528 protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011394 anticancer treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 108010007508 Farnesyltranstransferase Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 102000007317 Farnesyltranstransferase Human genes 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 methyl methoxy, hydroxyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 abstract description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical group CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002821 scintillation proximity assay Methods 0.000 description 7
- VWFJDQUYCIWHTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Farnesyl pyrophosphate Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O VWFJDQUYCIWHTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 102000016914 ras Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010014186 ras Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJPGOXWRFNKIQL-JYJNAYRXSA-N Phe-Pro-Pro Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZJPGOXWRFNKIQL-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VWFJDQUYCIWHTN-YFVJMOTDSA-N 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\CO[P@](O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O VWFJDQUYCIWHTN-YFVJMOTDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006126 farnesylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010054353 p21(ras) farnesyl-protein transferase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004481 post-translational protein modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013823 prenylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108700042226 ras Genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006527 (C1-C5) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC[NH+]1CCN(CCS([O-])(=O)=O)CC1 JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VWFJDQUYCIWHTN-FBXUGWQNSA-N Farnesyl diphosphate Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CC\C(C)=C/COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O VWFJDQUYCIWHTN-FBXUGWQNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010021101 Lamin Type B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700020978 Proto-Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000052575 Proto-Oncogene Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010090804 Streptavidin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700025695 Suppressor Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004357 Transferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000992 Transferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000151 cysteine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001945 cysteines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002024 ethyl acetate extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004030 farnesyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012239 gene modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005017 genetic modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013617 genetically modified food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000138 intercalating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010829 isocratic elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XELZGAJCZANUQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1-acetylthieno[3,2-c]pyrazole-5-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(=O)N1N=CC2=C1C=C(C(=O)OC)S2 XELZGAJCZANUQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000869 mutational effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000590 oncogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002246 oncogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001323 posttranslational effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000825 ultraviolet detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/145—Fungal isolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J53/00—Steroids in which the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by condensation with a carbocyclic rings or by formation of an additional ring by means of a direct link between two ring carbon atoms, including carboxyclic rings fused to the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton are included in this class
- C07J53/002—Carbocyclic rings fused
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P33/00—Preparation of steroids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microorganism strain and to new compounds exhibiting farnesyl transferase inhibitory properties.
- Ras proteins Ras proteins
- the corresponding protein is synthesized in vivo in the form of a soluble solvable precursor and then modified in a post-translational manner so as to give it its biological activity and allow it to transform mammalian cells.
- the first and obligatory stage of these post-translational modifications consists in a farnesylation of the thiol group of a cysteine motif, located at the level of the terminal carbonyl group of Ras.
- This cysteine motif is part of the prenylation identification sequence, CAAX (SEQ ID No. 1), where C represents cysteine, A an aliphatic residue and X any amino acid.
- the main object of the present invention is to propose new farnesyl transferase inhibitors.
- the present invention results from the isolation of a strain of microorganism related to the genus Chrysosporium more preferably to the species lobatum having properties particularly advantageous for the production of compounds manifesting inhibitory properties with respect to the farnesyl protein transferase.
- One aspect of the invention therefore relates to a Chrysosporium strain characterized in that it is the microorganism Chrysosporium CBS 123.95, one of its derivatives or its mutants.
- the term “derivative or mutant” means any strain obtained from the Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 strain and capable of being used for the production of compounds according to the invention and more particularly exhibiting inhibitory properties to the regard for protein farnesyl transferase.
- such derivatives or mutants can be obtained by genetic modifications (alteration in the DNA) or biochemicals.
- various mutagenesis tools can be used, such as non-specific tools:
- - physical agents X-rays, ultraviolet rays, etc.
- - chemical agents alkylating or bialkylating agents, intercalating agents, etc.
- specific tools such as mutational insertion systems directed at DNA ( transposons, retrotransposons, integrative plasmids, etc.).
- the present invention also relates to compounds capable of being obtained by fermentation of the Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 strain or of one of its mutants via the extraction of the corresponding fermentation must.
- Another object of the present invention relates to a process for the production of active metabolites according to which the Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 strain or one of its derivatives or mutants is cultivated and at least one active metabolite is recovered.
- the fermentation of the strain is carried out in a conventional manner, namely on a culture medium containing the substrates necessary for the development of said microorganism and under conditions of adequate temperature and ventilation. It is clear that the development of these optimal conditions for the development of the microorganism calls for simple routine operations, familiar to those skilled in the art.
- the culture medium can comprise malt extract and agar.
- the fermentation is preferably carried out at a temperature above ambient temperature and more particularly of the order of 20 ° C. to 30 ° C.
- the pH is around 7 and the medium is aerated and stirred.
- the fermentation must is recovered and its extraction is carried out.
- This extraction is carried out at an acidic pH, using an adequate organic solvent. It is preferably ethyl acetate.
- the organic phases are collected, concentrated and reextracted with an alkalized aqueous solution at a pH of the order of 9.
- the corresponding aqueous phases are combined, re-acidified and extracted with an organic solvent.
- the compound according to the invention is recovered by precipitation at the end of the concentration of the corresponding organic phase.
- the present invention relates to compounds of general formula I and their salts
- Rj represents a Cj to C5 alkoxy group, an aldehyde, carboxylic group, a C] to C5 alkyl ester or a C j to C 5 alkyl-hydroxyl group.
- - R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, linear or branched
- Cj to C4 and - R3 represents a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group, a hydroxyl group or a C 1 -C 4 alkoxy group.
- R2 and R4 correspond to the definition presented above for R2 and R5 represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 5 alkyl group, optionally substituted by a group chosen from hydroxyl or phenyl groups, optionally substituted by one or more methyl, methoxy, hydroxyl or halogen groups.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the compounds according to the invention in anticancer treatments.
- compositions containing a sufficient amount of at least one compound according to the invention in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable, inert or physiologically active adjuvants.
- This enzyme was partially purified from human THP1 cells (Fromage N., Guitton JD, Joyeux C, Desanlis F., Boniface O., Soria HM, Boucher F., Clerc FF, Crespo A., Duchesne M., Lavayre J., Tocque B ;, Van Der Pyl D., Mayaux JF, Becquart J., 5th European Meeting of GFBC on bio-chromatography and molecular biolog) ', May 12-14, 1992, France).
- the acceptor substrate, biotinylated is a peptide of 11 amino acids corresponding to the terminal sequence of lamin-B (BLB).
- the donor substrate, farnesyl pyrophosphate is labeled with tritrium ⁇ H FPP.
- the enzyme transfers the ⁇ H FPP to the biotinylated acceptor substrate and once the reaction has been stopped, the famesyl peptide is captured by beads encapsulating a fluorescent scintillant and coupled to streptavidin (Amersham kit, TRKQ7010®).
- streptavidin Amersham kit, TRKQ7010®.
- the radiolabelled peptide excites the balls which then emit light which is quantified in a solid-liquid scintillation counter (Topcount®, Packard).
- the SPA reaction is started by adding 40 ⁇ l of Ftase (2 ⁇ g) to a microplate containing 20 ⁇ l of BLB (0.1 ⁇ M), 20 ⁇ l of 3 H FPP (0.12 ⁇ M) and 20 ⁇ l of 50 mM test buffer Hepes, pH 7.5, 5 mM MgCl2, 5 mM DTT, 20 mM KC1, 0.01% triton X100 (control) or 20 ⁇ l of sample diluted in the test buffer (screening). The plate is incubated for 60 minutes at 37 ° C. and the reaction is stopped by the addition of 150 ⁇ l of stop reagent containing the SPA beads.
- the plate is sealed with an adhesive film and left for 30 minutes at room temperature to reach equilibrium, then counted in the Topcount counter. The results are counted in disintegration per minute, dpm, and expressed in% inhibition compared to the enzyme control (after subtraction of the blank).
- the IC50s of the compounds are calculated by non-linear regression.
- the next purification step consists of a permeation chromatography on Sephadex LH20® support (Pharmacia) carried out on aliquots of this dry extract. For example, 500 mg are dissolved in 10 ml of a MeOH / H2 ⁇ mixture 1/1 v / v and then deposited on top of a cylindrical glass column 30 mm in internal diameter and 100 cm in height containing the support beforehand. swollen in methanol.
- the elution is carried out in methanol at 0.5 ml / min. 2 ml fractions are collected. At this stage, the fractions obtained can be analyzed by thin layer chromatography on a Merck 60 F 254® silica plate with the eluent AcOEt / EtOH / H2 ⁇ 40:15:15, v: v: v.
- the metabolite sought migrates at a frontal ratio (Rf) of between 0.4 and 0.50, and is revealed to be blue in color after spraying with the Dittmer reagent (molybdenum blue Sigma®).
- the active metabolite is located in fractions 25 to 45 which are combined, evaporated under vacuum to give a total of 1.1 g of beige powder having an IC50 of less than 1 ⁇ g / ml.
- the purification can be continued by high performance liquid chromatography: the preceding active product (1.1 g), redissolved in a MeOH / H2 ⁇ 50:50 mixture is injected at the rate of 0.5 ml for each chromatography in an HPLC device equipped as follows: column: BioSil HL90-10® (Biorad), C18 10 ⁇ m, 250x10 mm flow rate of 3 ml / min isocratic elution A / B, 20:80, v: v A: H2O with 0.1% TFA
- the active metabolite is collected at the retention time of 6.6 min. After multiple injections and separations by HPLC under the conditions mentioned above, the fractions containing the active product are combined. After evaporation of the acetonitrile under reduced pressure, the active extract is percolated on a Mega Bond Elut® C18 Varian column which is then rinsed with distilled water until the effluent's neutral pH; the elution is then carried out with approximately 20 ml of methanol. After evaporation under reduced pressure of the methanolic eluate, we obtain lg of light beige powder corresponding to the following active metabolite
- NAME RHONE POULENC RORER S.A.
- CBS Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
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- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A Chrysosporium strain No. CBS 123.95, mutants and derivatives thereof, and a method for preparing non-peptide compounds using said strain, are disclosed. Novel compounds of general formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions containing same, and the use of said compounds in anticancer treatments, are also disclosed.
Description
MICROORGANISME DU GENRE CHRYSOSPORIUM UTI LE POUR PREPARER DES INHIBITEURS DE FARNESYL TRANSFERASE. MICROORGANISM OF THE GENUS CHRYSOSPORIUM USEFUL FOR PREPARING FARNESYL TRANSFERASE INHIBITORS.
La présente invention concerne une souche de microorganisme et de nouveaux composés manifestant des propriétés inhibitrices de farnésyl transférase.The present invention relates to a microorganism strain and to new compounds exhibiting farnesyl transferase inhibitory properties.
Différents gènes, appelés proto-oncogènes et gènes suppresseurs, sont impliqués dans le contrôle de la division cellulaire. Parmi ceux-ci, les gènes ras et leurs produits généralement désignés protéines Ras, jouent un rôle clé dans le contrôle de la prolifération cellulaire chez tous les organismes eucaryotes où ils ont été recherchés. Notamment, il a été montré que certaines modifications spécifiques de ces protéines leur font perdre leur contrôle normal et les conduisent à devenir oncogéniques. C'est ainsi qu'un grand nombre de tumeurs humaines (environ 10 à 30%) ont été associées à la présence de gènes ras modifiés.Different genes, called proto-oncogenes and suppressor genes, are involved in the control of cell division. Among these, the ras genes and their products, generally designated Ras proteins, play a key role in controlling cell proliferation in all the eukaryotic organisms where they have been sought. In particular, it has been shown that certain specific modifications of these proteins cause them to lose their normal control and lead them to become oncogenic. Thus, a large number of human tumors (around 10 to 30%) have been associated with the presence of modified ras genes.
L'élucidation du rôle exact de ces protéines Ras dans les cellules, de leur mode de fonctionnement et de leurs caractéristiques constitue donc un enjeu majeur pour la compréhension et l'approche thérapeutique de la cancérogénèse.The elucidation of the exact role of these Ras proteins in cells, their mode of operation and their characteristics therefore constitutes a major challenge for the understanding and the therapeutic approach of carcinogenesis.
La protéine correspondante est synthétisée in vivo sous la forme d'un précurseur cvtosoluble puis modifiée de façon post-traductionnelle de manière à lui conférer son activité biologique et lui permettre de transformer les cellules de mammifères. La première et obligatoire étape de ces modifications post- traductionnelles consiste en une farnésylation du groupe thiol d'un motif cystéine, localisé au niveau du groupement carbonyle terminal de Ras. Ce motif cystéine fait partie de la séquence d'identification de la prénylation, CAAX (SEQ ID N°l), où C représente la cystéine, A un résidu aliphatique et X un acide aminé quelconque. C'est la protéine farnésyl transférase qui catalyse le transfert d'un groupement famésyle du diphosphate farnésyle au composé CAAX Ras et donc qui confère, à l'issue de cette prénylation, l'activité biologique requise à la protéine pour transformer les cellules. La découverte de composés inhibant cette modification post-traductionnelle est vite apparue comme un des moyens possibles pour la mise au point de nouveaux traitements anti-cancéreux. L'inhibition de la farnésylation de Ras empêcherait la localisation de la protéine Ras au niveau membranaire et par conséquent bloquerait sa faculté à transformer les cellules normales en cellules cancéreuses.
La présente invention a pour objet principal de proposer de nouveaux inhibiteurs de farnésyl transférase.The corresponding protein is synthesized in vivo in the form of a soluble solvable precursor and then modified in a post-translational manner so as to give it its biological activity and allow it to transform mammalian cells. The first and obligatory stage of these post-translational modifications consists in a farnesylation of the thiol group of a cysteine motif, located at the level of the terminal carbonyl group of Ras. This cysteine motif is part of the prenylation identification sequence, CAAX (SEQ ID No. 1), where C represents cysteine, A an aliphatic residue and X any amino acid. It is the protein farnesyl transferase which catalyzes the transfer of a famesyl group from the farnesyl diphosphate to the CAAX Ras compound and therefore which confers, at the end of this prenylation, the biological activity required for the protein to transform the cells. The discovery of compounds inhibiting this post-translational modification quickly appeared as one of the possible means for the development of new anti-cancer treatments. Inhibiting the farnesylation of Ras would prevent the localization of the Ras protein at the membrane level and consequently block its ability to transform normal cells into cancer cells. The main object of the present invention is to propose new farnesyl transferase inhibitors.
Plus précisément, la présente invention résulte de l'isolement d'une souche de microorganisme apparentée au genre Chrysosporium plus préférentiellement à l'espèce lobatum possédant des propriétés particulièrement avantageuses pour la production de composés manifestant des propriétés inhibitrices à l'égard de la protéine farnésyl transférase.More specifically, the present invention results from the isolation of a strain of microorganism related to the genus Chrysosporium more preferably to the species lobatum having properties particularly advantageous for the production of compounds manifesting inhibitory properties with respect to the farnesyl protein transferase.
Un aspect de l'invention concerne donc une souche Chrysosporium caractérisée en ce qu'il s'agit du microorganisme Chrysosporium CBS 123.95, d'un de ses dérivés ou de ses mutants.One aspect of the invention therefore relates to a Chrysosporium strain characterized in that it is the microorganism Chrysosporium CBS 123.95, one of its derivatives or its mutants.
Au sens de la présente invention, on entend par dérivé ou mutant, toute souche obtenue à partir de la souche Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 et susceptible d'être utilisée pour la production de composés selon l'invention et plus particulièrement manifestant des propriétés inhibitrices à l'égard de la protéine farnésyl transférase. En particulier, de tels dérivés ou mutants peuvent être obtenus par modifications génétiques (altération au niveau de l'ADN) ou biochimiques. A cet effet, différents outils de mutagénèse peuvent être utilisés, comme par exemple des outils non spécifiques:For the purposes of the present invention, the term “derivative or mutant” means any strain obtained from the Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 strain and capable of being used for the production of compounds according to the invention and more particularly exhibiting inhibitory properties to the regard for protein farnesyl transferase. In particular, such derivatives or mutants can be obtained by genetic modifications (alteration in the DNA) or biochemicals. To this end, various mutagenesis tools can be used, such as non-specific tools:
- agents physiques (rayons X, rayons ultra-violet...) ou - agents chimiques (agents alkylants ou bialkylants, agents intercalants...), ou des outils spécifiques tels que les systèmes d'insertions mutationnelles dirigés sur l'ADN (transposons, rétrotransposons, plasmides intégratifs, etc).- physical agents (X-rays, ultraviolet rays, etc.) or - chemical agents (alkylating or bialkylating agents, intercalating agents, etc.), or specific tools such as mutational insertion systems directed at DNA ( transposons, retrotransposons, integrative plasmids, etc.).
La fermentation de cette souche sur un milieu de culture convenable et l'extraction subséquente du moût de fermentation correspondant permet d'isoler des composés qui, quoique possédant une structure originale comparativement aux inhibiteurs classiques de farnésyl transférase, se révèlent, de manière inattendue, intéressants à ce titre.The fermentation of this strain on a suitable culture medium and the subsequent extraction of the corresponding fermentation wort makes it possible to isolate compounds which, although having an original structure compared to conventional inhibitors of farnesyl transferase, prove, unexpectedly, interesting. as such.
La présente invention concerne également des composés susceptibles d'être obtenus par fermentation de la souche Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 ou d'un de ses mutants via l'extraction du moût de fermentation correspondant.The present invention also relates to compounds capable of being obtained by fermentation of the Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 strain or of one of its mutants via the extraction of the corresponding fermentation must.
Un autre objet de la présente invention concerne un procédé de production de métabolites actifs selon lequel on cultive la souche Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 ou l'un de ses dérivés ou mutants et l'on récupère au moins un métabolite actif.Another object of the present invention relates to a process for the production of active metabolites according to which the Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 strain or one of its derivatives or mutants is cultivated and at least one active metabolite is recovered.
La fermentation de la souche est réalisée de manière classique à savoir sur un milieu de culture contenant les susbtrats nécessaires au développement dudit
microorganisme et dans des conditions de température et d'aération adéquate. Il est clair que la mise au point de ces conditions optimales pour le développement du microorganisme fait appel à de simples opérations de routine, familières à l'homme du métier.The fermentation of the strain is carried out in a conventional manner, namely on a culture medium containing the substrates necessary for the development of said microorganism and under conditions of adequate temperature and ventilation. It is clear that the development of these optimal conditions for the development of the microorganism calls for simple routine operations, familiar to those skilled in the art.
A titre indicatif, le milieu de culture peut comprendre de l'extrait de malt et de la gélose. La fermentation est réalisée de préférence à une température supérieure à la température ambiante et plus particulièrement de l'ordre de 20°C à 30°C. Le pH est de l'ordre de 7 et le milieu est aéré et agité.As an indication, the culture medium can comprise malt extract and agar. The fermentation is preferably carried out at a temperature above ambient temperature and more particularly of the order of 20 ° C. to 30 ° C. The pH is around 7 and the medium is aerated and stirred.
A l'issue de la fermentation, on récupère le moût de fermentation et on procède à son extraction. Cette extraction est effectuée à un pH acide, à l'aide d'un solvant organique adéquat. Il s'agit de préférence d'acétate d'éthyle. Les phases organiques sont recueillies, concentrées et réextraites avec une solution aqueuse alcalinisée à pH de l'ordre de 9. Les phases aqueuses correspondantes sont réunies, réacidifiées et extraites par un solvant organique. Le composé selon l'invention est récupéré par précipitation à l'issue de la concentration de la phase organique correspondante. L'exemple 1, présenté ci-après, rend compte de manière détaillée de ce processus d'isolement de composés selon l'invention à partir d'un moût de fermentation.At the end of the fermentation, the fermentation must is recovered and its extraction is carried out. This extraction is carried out at an acidic pH, using an adequate organic solvent. It is preferably ethyl acetate. The organic phases are collected, concentrated and reextracted with an alkalized aqueous solution at a pH of the order of 9. The corresponding aqueous phases are combined, re-acidified and extracted with an organic solvent. The compound according to the invention is recovered by precipitation at the end of the concentration of the corresponding organic phase. Example 1, presented below, gives a detailed account of this process of isolating compounds according to the invention from a fermentation must.
Plus particulièrement, la présente invention se rapporte à des composés de formule générale I et leurs selsMore particularly, the present invention relates to compounds of general formula I and their salts
dans laquelle: in which:
- Rj représente un groupement alkoxy en Cj à C5, un groupement aldéhyde, carboxylique, un ester d'alkyle en C] à C5 ou un groupement alkyle-hydroxyle en Cj à C5.- Rj represents a Cj to C5 alkoxy group, an aldehyde, carboxylic group, a C] to C5 alkyl ester or a C j to C 5 alkyl-hydroxyl group.
- R2 représente un atome d'hydrogène ou un groupement alkyle inférieur, linéaire ou ramifié, en Cj à C4 et
- R3 représente un groupement alkyle en C] à C4, un groupement hydroxyle ou un groupement alkoxy en C\ à C4.- R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, linear or branched, Cj to C4 and - R3 represents a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group, a hydroxyl group or a C 1 -C 4 alkoxy group.
Plus préférentiellement, il s'agit de composés de formule générale II:More preferably, these are compounds of general formula II:
dans laquelle R2 et R4 répondent à la définition présentée ci-dessus pour R2 et R5 représente un atome d'hydrogène, un groupement alkyle en C] à C5, le cas échéant substitué par un groupement choisi parmi les groupements hydroxyle ou phényle, éventuellement substitué par un ou plusieurs groupements méthyle, méthoxy, hydroxyle ou halogène.in which R2 and R4 correspond to the definition presented above for R2 and R5 represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 5 alkyl group, optionally substituted by a group chosen from hydroxyl or phenyl groups, optionally substituted by one or more methyl, methoxy, hydroxyl or halogen groups.
A titre de composés préférés selon l'invention, on peut plus particulièrement mentionner le composé suivant ainsi que ses sels:As preferred compounds according to the invention, one can more particularly mention the following compound as well as its salts:
De manière inattendue, il présente une activité significative in vitro dans le test d'inhibition de la farnésyl transférase.
Le principe de la technologie SPA ( Scintillation Proximity Assay) est appliqué au dosage de l'activité enzymatique de la farnésyl transférase. Selon cette méthode, l'activité inhibitrice farnésyl transférase est déterminée par la quantité deUnexpectedly, it exhibits significant activity in vitro in the farnesyl transferase inhibition test. The principle of SPA technology (Scintillation Proximity Assay) is applied to the determination of the enzymatic activity of farnesyl transferase. According to this method, the farnesyl transferase inhibitory activity is determined by the amount of
(^H) famésyle transférée à partir du (^H) farnésyl pyrophosphate ^H FPP sur un substrat accepteur biotinylé.(^ H) famesyl transferred from (^ H) farnesyl pyrophosphate ^ H FPP on a biotinylated acceptor substrate.
La présente invention se rapporte également à l'utilisation des composés selon l'invention dans les traitements anticancéreux.The present invention also relates to the use of the compounds according to the invention in anticancer treatments.
Elle concerne en outre les compositions pharmaceutiques contenant une quantité suffisante d'au moins un composé selon l'invention en mélange avec un ou plusieurs adjuvants pharmaceutiquement acceptables, inertes ou physiologiquement actifs.It further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing a sufficient amount of at least one compound according to the invention in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable, inert or physiologically active adjuvants.
1 MATERIELS ET METHODES1 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Un échantillon de la souche Chrysosporium selon l'invention et mise en oeuvre dans l'exemple présenté ci-après, a été déposé et enregistré auprès du Centraalbureau voor Schimmel culturen (CBS) à Baarn aux Pays-Bas dans les conditions du Traité de Budapest, sous le numéro CBS 123.95.A sample of the Chrysosporium strain according to the invention and used in the example presented below, was deposited and registered with the Centraalbureau voor Schimmel culturen (CBS) in Baarn in the Netherlands under the conditions of the Budapest Treaty , under number CBS 123.95.
Méthode employée pour détecter les métabolites actifs : test d'inhibition de la farnésyl transférase par scintillation proximity assay (SPA).Method used to detect active metabolites: test of inhibition of farnesyl transferase by scintillation proximity assay (SPA).
Le principe de la technologie SPA ( H.E. Hart and E.B. Greenwald, J. Nucl Med, 20, 1062-1065, 1979 et Nelson N., Analytical Biochemistry, ___, 287-293,1987.) est appliqué au dosage de l'activité enzymatique de la farnésyl transférase (Ftase). Cette enzyme a été partiellement purifiée à partir de cellules THP1 humaines (Fromage N., Guitton J.D., Joyeux C, Desanlis F., Boniface O., Soria H. M., Boucher F., Clerc F.F., Crespo A., Duchesne M., Lavayre J., Tocque B;, Van Der Pyl D., Mayaux J.F., Becquart J., 5th European Meeting of GFBC on bio-chromatography and molecular biolog)', May 12-14, 1992, France). Le substrat accepteur , biotinylé, est un peptide de 11 acides aminés correspondant à la séquence terminale de la lamine-B (BLB). Le substrat donneur, le farnésyl pyrophosphate est marqué au tritrium ^H FPP. L'enzyme transfère le ^H FPP au substrat accepteur biotinylé et une fois la réaction arrêtée, le peptide famésyle est capturé par des billes encapsulant un scintillant fluorescent et couplées à la streptavidine (kit Amersham, TRKQ7010®). Le peptide radio-marqué,
excite les billes qui émettent alors de la lumière que l'on quantifie dans un compteur à scintillation solide-liquide (Topcount® , Packard).The principle of SPA technology (HE Hart and EB Greenwald, J. Nucl Med, 20, 1062-1065, 1979 and Nelson N., Analytical Biochemistry, ___, 287-293,1987.) Is applied to the determination of activity farnesyl transferase (Ftase) enzyme. This enzyme was partially purified from human THP1 cells (Fromage N., Guitton JD, Joyeux C, Desanlis F., Boniface O., Soria HM, Boucher F., Clerc FF, Crespo A., Duchesne M., Lavayre J., Tocque B ;, Van Der Pyl D., Mayaux JF, Becquart J., 5th European Meeting of GFBC on bio-chromatography and molecular biolog) ', May 12-14, 1992, France). The acceptor substrate, biotinylated, is a peptide of 11 amino acids corresponding to the terminal sequence of lamin-B (BLB). The donor substrate, farnesyl pyrophosphate is labeled with tritrium ^ H FPP. The enzyme transfers the ^ H FPP to the biotinylated acceptor substrate and once the reaction has been stopped, the famesyl peptide is captured by beads encapsulating a fluorescent scintillant and coupled to streptavidin (Amersham kit, TRKQ7010®). The radiolabelled peptide, excites the balls which then emit light which is quantified in a solid-liquid scintillation counter (Topcount®, Packard).
La réaction SPA est démarrée en ajoutant 40μl de Ftase (2μg) dans une microplaque contenant 20 μl de BLB (0,1 μM), 20 μl de 3H FPP (0,12 μM) et 20 μl de tampon d'essai 50 mM Hepes, pH 7.5, 5 mM MgCl2, 5 mM DTT, 20 mM KC1, 0.01 % triton X100 (témoin) ou 20 μl d'échantillon dilué dans le tampon d'essai (screening). La plaque est incubée 60 minutes à 37°C et la réaction est stoppée par l'ajout de 150 μl de réactif d'arrêt contenant les billes SPA. La plaque est scellée avec un film adhésif et laissée 30 minutes à température ambiante pour atteindre l'équilibre, puis comptée dans le compteur Topcount. Les résultats sont comptés en désintégration par minute, dpm, et exprimés en % d'inhibition par rapport au témoin enzyme (après soustraction du blanc). Les CI50 des composés sont calculées par régression non linéaire.The SPA reaction is started by adding 40 μl of Ftase (2 μg) to a microplate containing 20 μl of BLB (0.1 μM), 20 μl of 3 H FPP (0.12 μM) and 20 μl of 50 mM test buffer Hepes, pH 7.5, 5 mM MgCl2, 5 mM DTT, 20 mM KC1, 0.01% triton X100 (control) or 20 μl of sample diluted in the test buffer (screening). The plate is incubated for 60 minutes at 37 ° C. and the reaction is stopped by the addition of 150 μl of stop reagent containing the SPA beads. The plate is sealed with an adhesive film and left for 30 minutes at room temperature to reach equilibrium, then counted in the Topcount counter. The results are counted in disintegration per minute, dpm, and expressed in% inhibition compared to the enzyme control (after subtraction of the blank). The IC50s of the compounds are calculated by non-linear regression.
EXEMPLE 1EXAMPLE 1
Préparation d'un métabolite actif selon l'invention à partir de la souche Chrysosporium CBS 123.95.Preparation of an active metabolite according to the invention from the strain Chrysosporium CBS 123.95.
Trois erlenmeyers de 250 ml remplis avec 50 ml de milieu préalablement stérilisé (peptone 5g/l, extrait de viande 5g/l, glucose 10g/l, chlorure de sodium 5g/l, agar l /1, tween 85 lg/1, pH 7,2) sont ensemencés par une culture du Chiysosporium CBS 123.95 sous forme de culture liquide congelée. Ils sont agités à 240 trs/min dans un agitateur thermostaté à 28°C.Three 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks filled with 50 ml of previously sterilized medium (peptone 5g / l, meat extract 5g / l, glucose 10g / l, sodium chloride 5g / l, agar l / 1, tween 85 lg / 1, pH 7.2) are seeded with a culture of Chiysosporium CBS 123.95 in the form of a frozen liquid culture. They are stirred at 240 rpm in a stirrer thermostatically controlled at 28 ° C.
Après 5 jours, 100 ml de ces cultures sont transférés dans un ballon de 6 1 rempli par 21 du même milieu. Ce ballon, muni de 2 tubulures latérales (une pour l'ensemencement, l'autre pour l'inoculation du fermenteur) est mis en agitation à 22°C sur un tambour magnétique à 600 tours par minutes environ. Après 72 heures d'incubation, la totalité de cette culture est transférée stérilement dans un fermenteur de production de 100 litres rempli avec 60 litres de milieu préalablement stérilisé (extrait de malt 20g/l, agar lg/1, tween 85 lg/1). Pendant 142 heures la culture est maintenue à une température de 23°C, une pression de 0,5 bar, agitée à 200 trs/min et aérée à raison de 1 ,5 m3/hr.
1-3 Extraction et purificationAfter 5 days, 100 ml of these cultures are transferred to a 6 1 flask filled with 21 of the same medium. This flask, provided with 2 lateral tubes (one for sowing, the other for the inoculation of the fermenter) is stirred at 22 ° C on a magnetic drum at about 600 revolutions per minute. After 72 hours of incubation, all of this culture is transferred sterile to a 100 liter production fermenter filled with 60 liters of previously sterilized medium (malt extract 20g / l, agar lg / 1, tween 85 lg / 1) . For 142 hours the culture is maintained at a temperature of 23 ° C, a pressure of 0.5 bar, stirred at 200 rpm and aerated at the rate of 1.5 m3 / hr. 1-3 Extraction and purification
58,2 kg de moût sont acidifiés à pH 3 puis agités pendant 1 heure avec 1 volume d'acétate d'éthyle. Après séparation de la phase organique par centrifugation l'ensemble des opérations précédentes est renouvelé 1 fois. Les 2 phases organiques sont réunies et concentrées sous pression réduite à 5 litres. L'extrait acétate d'éthyle obtenu est extrait à son tour par agitation pendant une heure avec 1 volume d'une solution aqueuse alcalinisée à pH 9. La phase organique est écartée par décantation et centrifugation. La phase aqueuse est acidifiée à pH 3 et extraite par 2 fois 1 volume d'acétate d'éthyle. Après décantation et centrifugation, la phase organique est concentrée sous pression réduite à 1,5 litre; à ce stade de concentration une précipitation apparaît. Après décantation, le surnageant est écarté et le précipité formé est séparé par filtration sur verre fritte N°4. Nous obtenons après séchage une nuit à l'étuve sous vide un extrait de 1 ,7 g présentant une CI50 inférieure à 3 μg/ l. L'étape suivante de purification consiste en une chromatographie de perméation sur support Sephadex LH20® (Pharmacia) effectuée sur des parties aliquotes de cet extrait sec . Par exemple, 500 mg sont dissous dans 10 ml d'un mélange MeOH/H2θ 1/1 v/v puis déposés au sommet d'une colonne cylindrique en verre de 30 mm de diamètre interne et de 100 cm de hauteur contenant le support préalablement gonflé dans le méthanol. L'élution s'effectue dans le méthanol à 0,5 ml/min. Des fractions de 2 ml sont collectées. A ce stade, les fractions obtenues peuvent être analysées par chromatographie sur couche mince sur plaque de silice Merck 60 F 254® avec l'éluant AcOEt/EtOH/H2θ 40:15:15, v:v:v. Dans ce système le métabolite recherché migre à un rapport frontal (Rf) compris entre 0,4 et 0,50, et se révèle de couleur bleu après pulvérisation du réactif de Dittmer ( bleu de molybdène Sigma®). Le métabolite actif est localisé dans les fractions 25 à 45 qui sont réunies, évaporées sous vide pour donner au total 1 ,1 g de poudre beige présentant une CI50 inférieure à 1 μg/ml. La purification peut être poursuivie par chromatographie liquide haute performance: le produit actif précédent (1,1g), remis en solution dans un mélange MeOH/H2θ 50:50 est injecté à raison de 0,5 ml pour chaque chromatographie dans un appareil HPLC équipé comme suit : colonne : BioSil HL90-10® (Biorad), C18 10μm , 250x10 mm débit de 3 ml/min élution isocratique A/B, 20:80, v:v
A : H2O avec 0,1 % TFA58.2 kg of must are acidified to pH 3 and then stirred for 1 hour with 1 volume of ethyl acetate. After separation of the organic phase by centrifugation, all of the above operations are repeated 1 time. The 2 organic phases are combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to 5 liters. The ethyl acetate extract obtained is extracted in turn by stirring for one hour with 1 volume of an aqueous alkalized solution at pH 9. The organic phase is removed by decantation and centrifugation. The aqueous phase is acidified to pH 3 and extracted with 2 times 1 volume of ethyl acetate. After decantation and centrifugation, the organic phase is concentrated under pressure reduced to 1.5 liters; at this stage of concentration a precipitation appears. After decantation, the supernatant is discarded and the precipitate formed is separated by filtration on sintered glass No. 4. After drying overnight in the vacuum oven, an extract of 1.7 g with an IC50 of less than 3 μg / l is obtained. The next purification step consists of a permeation chromatography on Sephadex LH20® support (Pharmacia) carried out on aliquots of this dry extract. For example, 500 mg are dissolved in 10 ml of a MeOH / H2θ mixture 1/1 v / v and then deposited on top of a cylindrical glass column 30 mm in internal diameter and 100 cm in height containing the support beforehand. swollen in methanol. The elution is carried out in methanol at 0.5 ml / min. 2 ml fractions are collected. At this stage, the fractions obtained can be analyzed by thin layer chromatography on a Merck 60 F 254® silica plate with the eluent AcOEt / EtOH / H2θ 40:15:15, v: v: v. In this system, the metabolite sought migrates at a frontal ratio (Rf) of between 0.4 and 0.50, and is revealed to be blue in color after spraying with the Dittmer reagent (molybdenum blue Sigma®). The active metabolite is located in fractions 25 to 45 which are combined, evaporated under vacuum to give a total of 1.1 g of beige powder having an IC50 of less than 1 μg / ml. The purification can be continued by high performance liquid chromatography: the preceding active product (1.1 g), redissolved in a MeOH / H2θ 50:50 mixture is injected at the rate of 0.5 ml for each chromatography in an HPLC device equipped as follows: column: BioSil HL90-10® (Biorad), C18 10μm, 250x10 mm flow rate of 3 ml / min isocratic elution A / B, 20:80, v: v A: H2O with 0.1% TFA
B : CH3CN / H2θ, 95: 5, avec 0,1 % TFA détection UV à 210 nm.B: CH3CN / H2θ, 95: 5, with 0.1% TFA UV detection at 210 nm.
Le métabolite actif est collecté au temps de rétention de 6,6 min. A l'issue de multiples injections et séparations par HPLC dans les conditions citées ci-dessus, les fractions renfermant le produit actif sont réunies. Après évaporation de l'acétonitrile sous pression réduite, l'extrait actif est percolé sur une colonne Mega Bond Elut ® C18 Varian qui est ensuite rincée par de l'eau distillée jusqu'à pH neutre de l'effluent ; l'élution s'effectue ensuite par environ 20 ml de méthanol. Après évaporation sous pression réduite de l'éluat methanolique, nous obtenons lg de poudre beige clair correspondant au métabolite actif suivantThe active metabolite is collected at the retention time of 6.6 min. After multiple injections and separations by HPLC under the conditions mentioned above, the fractions containing the active product are combined. After evaporation of the acetonitrile under reduced pressure, the active extract is percolated on a Mega Bond Elut® C18 Varian column which is then rinsed with distilled water until the effluent's neutral pH; the elution is then carried out with approximately 20 ml of methanol. After evaporation under reduced pressure of the methanolic eluate, we obtain lg of light beige powder corresponding to the following active metabolite
Propriétés physico-chimiquesPhysicochemical properties
Formule moléculaire 30 H49O9 P S.M (m/z) 583 (M-H
Molecular formula 30 H 49 O 9 P SM (m / z) 583 (MH
Caractérisation par RMN de ce composé dans le DMSO-d6 (T=300K)NMR characterization of this compound in DMSO-d6 (T = 300K)
Position No Ôc (150 MHz) &. (600 MHz)Position No Ôc (150 MHz) &. (600 MHz)
1 82 2.98 (lH,d,6Hz)1 82 2.98 (1H, d, 6Hz)
2 74 3.70 (lH,t,7Hz)2 74 3.70 (1H, t, 7Hz)
3 77.5 3.50 (lH,d,7Hz)3 77.5 3.50 (1H, d, 7Hz)
4 52.74 52.7
4a 47 2.05 (lH,m)4a 47 2.05 (1H, m)
5 27 2.10 (lH,m) 1.77 (lH.m)5 27 2.10 (1H, m) 1.77 (1H.m)
6 117 5.28 (IH.m)6 117 5.28 (IH.m)
6a 1476a 147
6b 42.66b 42.6
7 31.3 1.35 UH. ) 1.50 (lH,m)7 31.3 1.35 UH. ) 1.50 (1H, m)
8 37 1.64 (IH.m) 1.40 (lH,m)8 37 1.64 (IH.m) 1.40 (1H, m)
8a 43.58a 43.5
9 60 0.94 (IH.m)9 60 0.94 (IH.m)
10 29 1.15 (IH.m) 1.74 (IH.m)10 29 1.15 (IH.m) 1.74 (IH.m)
11 20.7 1.20 (IH.m) 1.35 (IH.m) lia 55 1.35 (IH.m)11 20.7 1.20 (IH.m) 1.35 (IH.m) lia 55 1.35 (IH.m)
11b 36.311b 36.3
12 33.7 1.29(2H,t,3Hz)12 33.7 1.29 (2H, t, 3Hz)
13 20.7 2.19 (IH.m) 1.75 (IH.m)13 20.7 2.19 (IH.m) 1.75 (IH.m)
13a 50.5 2.63 (lH,m)13a 50.5 2.63 (1H, m)
13b 45.713b 45.7
14 18014 180
15 11.8 1.17 (3H,s)15 11.8 1.17 (3H, s)
16 25 0.99 (3H,s)16 25 0.99 (3H, s)
17 15 0.67 (3H,s)17 15 0.67 (3H, s)
18 31.4 1.40 (3H,m)18 31.4 1.40 (3H, m)
19 23 0.83 (3H,d,6Hz)19 23 0.83 (3H, d, 6Hz)
20 24 0.79 (3H,d,6Hz)20 24 0.79 (3H, d, 6Hz)
21 22 0.81 (3H,s)21 22 0.81 (3H, s)
22 60.5 3.60 (lH,d,6Hz) 4.02 (lH,t,6Hz)
22 60.5 3.60 (1H, d, 6Hz) 4.02 (1H, t, 6Hz)
EXEMPLE 2EXAMPLE 2
Détermination de l'activité inhibitrice de la protéine farnésyl-transférase.Determination of the inhibitory activity of the farnesyl-transferase protein.
Cette activité est appréciée pour le métabolite de l'exemple 1 selon la méthode décrite dans le chapitre précédent intitulé matériels et méthodes.This activity is assessed for the metabolite of Example 1 according to the method described in the previous chapter entitled materials and methods.
* Peptide ( Cystéine-Valine-Phénylalanine-Méthionine) utilisé à titre de témoin dans les mesures d'activité farnésyl transférase.
* Peptide (Cysteine-Valine-Phenylalanine-Methionine) used as a control in farnesyl transferase activity measurements.
LISTE DE SEQUENCESLIST OF SEQUENCES
(1 ) INFORMATIONS GENERALES:(1) GENERAL INFORMATION:
(i) DEPOSANT:(i) DEPOSITOR:
(A) NOM: RHONE POULENC RORER S.A.(A) NAME: RHONE POULENC RORER S.A.
(B) RUE: 20, Avenue Raymond Aron (C) VILLE: ANTONY(B) STREET: 20, Avenue Raymond Aron (C) CITY: ANTONY
(E) PAYS: FRANCE(E) COUNTRY: FRANCE
(F) CODE POSTAL: 92165(F) POSTAL CODE: 92165
(G) TELEPHONE: 40.91.69.22 (H) TELECOPIE: (1) 40.91.72.96(G) TELEPHONE: 40.91.69.22 (H) FAX: (1) 40.91.72.96
(ii) TITRE DE L' INVENTION: NOUVEAUX COMPOSES MANIFESTANT DES PROPRIETES INHIBITRICES DE FARNESYL TRANSFERASE ET MICROORGANISME DU GENRE CHRYSOSPORIUM SUSCEPTIBLE D'ETRE UTILISE POUR LES PREPARER(ii) TITLE OF THE INVENTION: NOVEL COMPOUNDS MANIFESTING INHIBITORY PROPERTIES OF FARNESYL TRANSFERASE AND MICROORGANISM OF THE GENUS CHRYSOSPORIUM WHICH CAN BE USED FOR PREPARING THEM
(iii) NOMBRE DE SEQUENCES: 1 (IV) FORME DECHIFFRABLE PAR ORDINATEUR:(iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 1 (IV) FORM DECEPTED BY COMPUTER:
(A) TYPE DE SUPPORT: Tape(A) TYPE OF SUPPORT: Tape
(B) ORDINATEUR: IBM PC compatible (C) SYSTEME D' EXPLOITATION: PC-DOS/MS-DOS(B) COMPUTER: IBM compatible PC (C) OPERATING SYSTEM: PC-DOS / MS-DOS
(D) LOGICIEL: Patentln Release #1.0, Version #1.30 (OEB)(D) SOFTWARE: Patentln Release # 1.0, Version # 1.30 (EPO)
(2) INFORMATIONS POUR LA SEQ ID NO: 1 :(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 1:
(i) CARACTERISTIQUES DE LA SEQUENCE:(i) CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEQUENCE:
(A) LONGUEUR: 4 acides aminés(A) LENGTH: 4 amino acids
(B) TYPE:acide aminés(B) TYPE: amino acid
(D) CONFIGURATION: linéaire(D) CONFIGURATION: linear
(ii) TYPE DE MOLECULE:protéine (ix) CARACTERISTIQUE:(ii) TYPE OF MOLECULE: protein (ix) CHARACTERISTIC:
(D) AUTRE INFORMATION: Les deux premiers Xaa représentent un aliphatique quelconque et le troisième aa un acide aminé quelconque.(D) OTHER INFORMATION: The first two Xaa represent any aliphatic and the third has any amino acid.
(xi) DESCRIPTION DE LA SEQUENCE: SEQ ID NO: 1 : Cys Xaa Xaa Xaa
(xi) DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE: SEQ ID NO: 1: Cys Xaa Xaa Xaa
INDICATIONS RELATIVES A UN MICRO-ORGANISME DEPOSEINFORMATION CONCERNING A DEPOSITED MICRO-ORGANISM
(règle I3bts du PCT)(PC3 I3bts rule)
A. Les indications ont trait au micro-organisme visé dans la description page 2 , ligne 9A. The information relates to the microorganism referred to in the description on page 2, line 9
B. IDENTIFICATION DU DEPOT D'autres dépôts font l'objet d'une feuille supplémentaireB. IDENTIFICATION OF THE DEPOSIT Other deposits are the subject of an additional sheet
Nom de l'institution de dépôtName of depository institution
Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS)Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS)
Adresse de l'institution de dépôt (y compris le code postal et le pays)Address of the depositary institution (including postal code and country)
Oosterstraat 1 , P . O . Box 273Oosterstraat 1, P. O. Box 273
3740 AG BAARN3740 AG BAARN
Pays-BasNetherlands
Date du dépôt n" d'ordreDate of filing order no.
30 îanvier 1995 CBS 123 95January 30, 1995 CBS 123 95
Une feuille supplémentaire est jointeAn additional sheet is attached
C. INDICATIONS SUPPLEMENTAIRES (le cas échéant) pour la suite de ces renseignementsC. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (if applicable) for the continuation of this information
En ce qui concerne les désignations dans lesquelles un brevet européen est demandé, un échantillon du microorganisme déposé ne sera accessible, jusqu'à la publication de la mention de la délivrance du brevet européen ou jusqu'à la date à laquelle la demande sera rejeté, retirée ou réputée retirée, que par la mxsB remise d'un échantillon à un expert désigné par le requérant (règle 28(4) de la CBE).With regard to the designations in which a European patent is applied for, a sample of the microorganism deposited will not be accessible until the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent or until the date on which the application is rejected withdrawn or deemed to be withdrawn, only by mxsB providing a sample to an expert appointed by the applicant (Rule 28 (4) of the EPC).
D. ETATSDESIGNESPOURLESQUELSLESINDICATIONSSONTDONNEESD. STATES OF DESIGNATION FOR WHICH THE INFORMATION IS GIVEN
(si les indications ne sont pas données pour tous les Etats désignés)(if indications are not given for all designated states)
E. INDICATIONS FOURNIES SEPAREMENT (le cas échéant)E. INDICATIONS PROVIDED SEPARATELY (if applicable)
Les indications énumerées ci-après seront fournies ultérieurement au Bureau international (spécifier la nature générale des indicat p «x , "n* d'ordre du dépôt")The information listed below will be supplied to the International Bureau at a later date (specify the general nature of the indicat p "x," n * of deposit order ")
Réservé à l'office récepteur Réservé au Bureau internationalReserved for the receiving Office Reserved for the International Bureau
D Cette feuille a été reçue en même temps que la | | Cette feuille est parvenue au Bureau international le demande internationaleD This sheet was received at the same time as the | | This sheet has reached the International Bureau on international request
Fonctionnaire autorisé Fonctionnaire autoriséAuthorized official Authorized official
J. LE PICAUDJ. LE PICAUD
Formulaire PCT/RO/134 (ju-Net 1992)
Form PCT / RO / 134 (ju-Net 1992)
Claims
1. Souche Chrysosporium N° CBS 123.95 et ses mutants ou dérivés.1. Chrysosporium strain No. CBS 123.95 and its mutants or derivatives.
2. Composé caractérisé en ce qu'il répond à la formule générale I2. Compound characterized in that it corresponds to the general formula I
dans laquelle: in which:
- Rj représente un groupement alkoxy en C] à C5, un groupement aldéhyde, carboxylique, un ester d'alkyle en C\ à C5 ou un groupement alkyle-hydroxyle en Cj à C5.- R represents a C alkoxy group] to C5, an aldehyde group, carboxylic acid, an ester of C \ to C5-alkyl or a hydroxyl group, C j to C 5.
- R2 représente un atome d'hydrogène ou un groupement alkyle inférieur, linéaire ou ramifié, en C] à C4 et- R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, linear or branched, C] to C4 and
- R3 représente un groupement alkyle en C] à C4, un groupement hydroxyle ou un groupement alkoxy en C] à C4. et leurs sels.- R3 represents a C] to C4 alkyl group, a hydroxyl group or a C] to C4 alkoxy group. and their salts.
3. Composé caractérisé en ce qu'il répond à la formule générale II:3. Compound characterized in that it corresponds to general formula II:
II 13 II 13
dans laquelle:in which:
R2 et R4 représentent, indépendamment l'un de l'autre, un atome d'hydrogène ou u groupement alkyle inférieur, linéaire ou ramifié, en C à C4 etR2 and R4 represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, linear or branched, C to C4 and
R5 représente un atome d'hydrogène, un groupement alkyle en Cj à C5, le ca échéant substitué par un groupement choisi parmi les groupements hydroxyle o phényle, éventuellement substitué par un ou plusieurs groupements méthyl méthoxy, hydroxyle ou halogène, et ses sels.R5 represents a hydrogen atom, a C j to C5 alkyl group, optionally substituted by a group chosen from hydroxyl or phenyl groups, optionally substituted by one or more methyl methoxy, hydroxyl or halogen groups, and its salts.
4. Composé selon la revendication 2 ou 3 caractérisé en ce qu'il s'agit d'un compos de formule4. Compound according to claim 2 or 3 characterized in that it is a compound of formula
et ses sels.and its salts.
5. Composé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4 caractérisé en ce qu'il présente un activité inhibitrice de farnésyl transférase.5. Compound according to one of claims 2 to 4 characterized in that it has a farnesyl transferase inhibitory activity.
6. Composé susceptible d'être obtenu par fermentation de la souche Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 ou d'un de ses mutants selon la revendication 1 via l'extraction du moût de fermentation correspondant.6. Compound capable of being obtained by fermentation of the strain Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 or one of its mutants according to claim 1 via the extraction of the corresponding fermentation must.
7. Procédé de production de métabolites actifs caractérisé en ce que l'on cultive la souche Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 selon la revendication 1 et l'on récupère au moins un métabolite par extraction du moût de fermentation correspondant.7. A method of producing active metabolites characterized in that the Chrysosporium CBS 123.95 strain is cultivated according to claim 1 and at least one metabolite is recovered by extraction of the corresponding fermentation must.
8. Composition pharmaceutique caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient une quantité suffisante d'au moins un composé selon la revendication 2, 3 ou 4 en mélange avec 148. Pharmaceutical composition characterized in that it contains a sufficient amount of at least one compound according to claim 2, 3 or 4 in mixture with 14
un ou plusieurs adjuvants pharmaceutiquement acceptables, inertes ou physiologiquement actifs.one or more pharmaceutically acceptable, inert or physiologically active adjuvants.
9. Utilisation d'un composé selon la revendication 2, 3 ou 4 pour la préparation d'un composition pharmaceutique destinée aux traitements anti-cancéreux. 9. Use of a compound according to claim 2, 3 or 4 for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition intended for anti-cancer treatments.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9501866A FR2730734B1 (en) | 1995-02-17 | 1995-02-17 | NEW COMPOUNDS MANIFESTING PROPERTIES INHIBITORING FARNESYL TRANSFERASE AND MICROORGANISM OF THE GENUS CHRYSOSPORIUM LIKELY TO BE USED TO PREPARE THEM |
FR9501866 | 1995-02-17 | ||
PCT/FR1996/000089 WO1996025512A1 (en) | 1995-02-17 | 1996-01-19 | Microorganism of genus chrysosporium for use in preparing farnesyl transferase inhibitors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0809707A1 true EP0809707A1 (en) | 1997-12-03 |
Family
ID=9476268
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96901418A Ceased EP0809707A1 (en) | 1995-02-17 | 1996-01-19 | Microorganism of genus chrysosporium for use in preparing farnesyl transferase inhibitors |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5849724A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0809707A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11500615A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2211167A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2730734B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996025512A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5770587A (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1998-06-23 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Antifungal agents |
GB2306480A (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1997-05-07 | Merck & Co Inc | Antifungal agents |
EP1363594B1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2007-11-21 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | Cosmetic formulations containing flavonoid derivatives |
US7011957B2 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2006-03-14 | Northeastern University | Isolation and cultivation of microorganisms from natural environments and drug discovery based thereon |
US20050130256A1 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2005-06-16 | Northeastern University | Isolation and cultivation of microorganisms from natural environments and drug discovery based thereon |
US20030059866A1 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2003-03-27 | Kim Lewis | Isolation and cultivation of microorganisms from natural environments and drug discovery based thereon |
CN109503696A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-03-22 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of triterpene compound with antibacterial functions and preparation method thereof and the application in electronic cigarette |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2641537A1 (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1990-07-13 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | OXYSTERYL PHOSPHATES, SYNTHESIS AND USE AS A PHARMACEUTICAL AGENT |
GB9118465D0 (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1991-10-16 | Imperial College | Steroid sulphatase inhibitors |
JPH07316145A (en) * | 1994-05-25 | 1995-12-05 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Novel spiro derivative of 6-oxabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane, antitumor agent, selective cytotoxic agent against human tumor cell, microorganism producing the derivative and production |
-
1995
- 1995-02-17 FR FR9501866A patent/FR2730734B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-01-19 CA CA002211167A patent/CA2211167A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-01-19 JP JP8524700A patent/JPH11500615A/en active Pending
- 1996-01-19 US US08/894,038 patent/US5849724A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-19 WO PCT/FR1996/000089 patent/WO1996025512A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-01-19 EP EP96901418A patent/EP0809707A1/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9625512A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2730734B1 (en) | 1997-03-28 |
CA2211167A1 (en) | 1996-08-22 |
US5849724A (en) | 1998-12-15 |
WO1996025512A1 (en) | 1996-08-22 |
JPH11500615A (en) | 1999-01-19 |
FR2730734A1 (en) | 1996-08-23 |
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