EP0893218B1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formlingen - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formlingen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0893218B1 EP0893218B1 EP98113108A EP98113108A EP0893218B1 EP 0893218 B1 EP0893218 B1 EP 0893218B1 EP 98113108 A EP98113108 A EP 98113108A EP 98113108 A EP98113108 A EP 98113108A EP 0893218 B1 EP0893218 B1 EP 0893218B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- set forth
- spindle
- die assemblies
- molded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
- B28B3/021—Ram heads of special form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0097—Press moulds; Press-mould and press-ram assemblies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/007—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a plurality of pressing members working in different directions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B7/00—Presses characterised by a particular arrangement of the pressing members
- B30B7/04—Presses characterised by a particular arrangement of the pressing members wherein pressing is effected in different directions simultaneously or in turn
Definitions
- the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for Production of moldings, in particular roof tile compacts, from blanks, such as chunks of clay or the like, with at least one pair of each other and associated with each other interacting forms of work and their use.
- a whole series of devices are from the prior art and method known to produce moldings, such as roof tile compacts, from blanks, such as clay chunks.
- drum presses with an upper working shape and several arranged around the circumference of the drum press lower forms of work (see, for example, DE 195 47 612 A1) as well as hydraulic presses with a variety of upper work forms and a corresponding plurality of lower ones Known forms of work.
- These have drum and hydraulic presses however, in practice due to their more constructive Overall design proved to be disadvantageous. So it happens the shaping of the molding by a large number of each other assigned and interacting upper forms of work (Press ram) and lower work forms (drum) all in a substantially horizontal position.
- the separate arrangement the upper and lower forms of work mostly an excess of the blank is pressed out on all sides, after the shaping either separately using a Knife or the like or for example by a combined Lifting and deburring device must be removed.
- DE 1 814 230 A also shows a hydraulic press for the production of stones, beams, slabs, posts and others Buildings made of moldable masses that have a thermosetting Plastic surcharge included.
- a certain amount of the thermosetting building material mixture in one V-shaped holder poured with plates. The plates are then pushed inwards by a jack. Then press a piston head the deformed mass vertically upwards and spends the mass in a heat chamber, the walls of which can be acted upon by steam. The heat hardens it Mass due to the curable plastics contained in it a building block or a building board, which eventually the Chamber can be removed.
- DE 142 404 C describes a device for Forming plates, building blocks, interlocking tiles or the like made of powdered material.
- the material will be in an inclined or complete shape vertical position rotated. The actual pressing process takes place but then in a horizontal position after turning the Shape.
- the object of the invention is based on the prior art based, an apparatus and a method for manufacturing of moldings, in particular roof tile compacts, from blanks, such as chunks of clay or the like places that reduce or eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages, therefore particularly simple in construction are designed and extremely high manufacturing accuracy enable the moldings. Furthermore, a use is intended such a device and such a method for special moldings can be specified.
- the device according to the invention comprises at least a pair of mutually associated and interacting Forms of work, the two forms of work having an axis or a shaft is assigned and at least one of the two types of work out of or into a position to accommodate one forming blank or for taking a molding into a or from a position for shaping the molding around the axis or wave to or from the other of the two forms of work this can be moved away.
- the device according to the invention is characterized by a particularly simple and compact Construction.
- the device according to the invention also provides an extremely high level of manufacturing accuracy of moldings, especially roof tile compacts, safely. So is a shift of the shape image, i.e.
- the device according to the invention are the measures of the claim 2, the two types of work pivotable on the axis or shaft to arrange, the two forms of work each one in essential horizontal position to accommodate the to be shaped Blank or for removal of the molding and one essentially Take up a vertical position to shape the molding.
- a shift of the shape image i.e. to the Example of the tile picture, excluded, because the assigned to each other and interacting forms of work directly the (common) axis or shaft are supported.
- shaping air continues to be contained in the working forms automatically still pressed up. So there are air pockets avoid almost completely.
- the axis or shaft according to claim 11 preferably via a mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically operated Movable drive device.
- the drive means for displacement the axis of claim 12 at least one pressure cylinder or the like that between the axis and / or the two carriages supporting the axis and the frame of the device or the like acts, making a simple, compact and reliable design is realized.
- the drive device is for Displacement of the shaft according to the features of the claim 13 provided with a gear arrangement between the Working form / s of the shaft and the two supporting the shaft Sled works. With such a gear arrangement there is a displacement of the shaft and a pivoting at the same time to achieve the mobile form of work without additional drive device.
- This embodiment of the The device according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable economically.
- the moldings on the one hand and automation as well as with it associated improved performance in terms of further processing and / or processing of the moldings on the other hand are also the features of claim 19 of the device according to the invention. Accordingly, the forms of work mutually corresponding sides facing away from the axis or shaft, a knife, a scraper, a rack or the like assigned to one expressed during the shaping of the molding Remove excess of the blank, i.e. in particular cut off the top cleaning ridge.
- the seating area is not sufficient for the moldings, for example the roof tile compacts, in an upright position, it is possible to shape the moldings by appropriate design the work forms with additional (support) webs or the like to be provided, which then also by means of knives, scrapers, Rack or the like can be straightened.
- the stripper, the rack or the like are the working forms according to claims 20 and 21 in an advantageous manner to the mutually corresponding sides facing away from the axis or shaft with inserts, reinforcements or the like made of wear-resistant Material, especially steel, provided.
- inserts, reinforcements or the like made of wear-resistant Material, especially steel, provided.
- the knife is the Wipers, the rack or the like to each other corresponding sides of the work forms facing away from the axis or shaft longitudinally displaceable. That way a simple, fast and possibly automatic as well continuous removal of what is expressed from the working forms Guaranteed excess of the blank or burr.
- the knife, the scraper, the rack or the like according to the claims 24 and 25 preferably adjustable in height.
- the knife, the scraper, the rack or the like is therefore versatile can be used and as a result of the respective circumstances the geometry and dimensions of the work forms individually adjusted become. It also allows the knife, the scraper, the rack or the like entirely to move out of or into the field of work forms Introduce area.
- the knife, the scraper, the rack or the like according to claim 26 the corresponding sides facing away from the axis to design the work forms inclined.
- the knife, the scraper, the rack or the like according to claim 26 the corresponding sides facing away from the axis to design the work forms inclined.
- By choosing a cut edge can thus balance the focus for the respective Moldings are made without the moldings being exemplary should be equipped with additional (support) webs.
- additional (support) webs As a result of such a balance of gravity, a great tipping stability and thus an upright position of the moldings can be achieved without additional precautions.
- the forms of work according to claim 27 in Range of the corresponding, facing the axis or shaft Provide holes or similar passages on the sides, for any moisture contained in the blank or liquid when shaping the molded product from the working molds to remove.
- the working forms according to claim 28 each on a press jaw or the like, in particular to be centered, releasably attached, wherein the press jaws themselves can be pivoted about the axis or shaft are.
- this design draws a much higher one Total lifespan of the device according to the invention themselves, since their robustness is significantly increased.
- such a structural design simplifies the Change of work forms for maintenance and repair purposes or for exchange through work forms of different geometry or Dimension considerably.
- the working forms according to claim 29 as metal molds, in particular Steel to train.
- the invention is designed This makes the process extremely easy. on the other hand can be produced with the methods according to the invention, which have extremely high manufacturing accuracy.
- claims 33 and 34 serve in a further embodiment the invention of increasing the number of cycles and thus the Improve the performance of the process.
- Essential for the method according to the invention are further the features of claim 35, according to which at the shaping of the molding from the two working forms on each other corresponding sides facing away from the axis or shaft expressed excess of the blank by a knife, one Scraper, a rack or the like is removed.
- the features continue to ensure high manufacturing accuracy of claims 36 and 37.
- the recording of the blank and the The molding can be dispensed by means of suction head devices known per se be carried out, if necessary at the same job, to get a high work cycle.
- the side unfolded work forms in the essentially horizontal Allow location to rest the blank or to deliver the Shaped use of any suction head devices, for example without a knife and with a foam rubber pad or with knife and power supply.
- oil or metal molds are used an oily emulsion, water in plaster molds or the like.
- 1 to 3 is an embodiment in a schematic manner a device 10 according to the invention, those for the production of moldings 12, in particular roof tile moldings, from blanks (not shown), like chunks made of clay or the like.
- the device 10 comprises at least a pair of working forms 14, 14 'which are mutually exclusive are assigned and interact with each other.
- the device 10 has a pair of working molds 14, 14 '. there is at least one of the two working forms 14, 14 'from one Position for receiving a blank to be molded (see Fig. 1, left half) or in a position for removing a molding 12 (see Fig. 1, right half) in or from a position to Shaping of the molding 12 (see FIG. 2) about an axis 16 or the same to the other of the two working forms 14, 14 'accordingly Double arrow 18 can be moved to and from this.
- the two working forms 14, 14 'of the device 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 3 are thus on the axis 16 in accordance with the double arrow 18 pivoted or rotatably arranged.
- the two forms of work 14, 14 'each take essentially one horizontal position for receiving the blank to be formed or to remove the molding 12 and a substantially vertical Position for shaping the molding 12 a.
- the two working forms 14, 14 ' also fold upwards directed to.
- the two work forms are automatically selected 14, 14 'containing air, optionally together with a mostly existing excess of the blank is expressed upwards, while the moisture or moisture contained in the blank Liquid, such as water, automatically goes down can run from the two working forms 14, 14 '.
- a molded article 12 can be obtained in this way compared to moldings which are based on conventional Were made less air pockets, a larger one Uniformity and therefore better quality having.
- the Working forms 14, 14 'each have a side facing the axis 16 22, 22 ', a side 24, 24' facing away from the axis 16, which roughly opposite sides 22, 22 ', and two sides 22, 22 'or 24, 24' on sides 26, 26 'connecting one another.
- the working forms 14, 14 'shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are each on a press jaw 28, 28 'or the like, advantageously Centered, releasably attached.
- the support element 34, 34 'extends from the side 36, 36 'of the working molds 14, 14' or press jaws 28, 28 'approximately perpendicularly away from the blank to be molded or molding 12 is facing away.
- the working forms 14, 14 ' are in any position aligned to each other, but can also be without major assembly work for maintenance or repair purposes easily from above, for example by means of an elevator or Crane, disassemble or assemble and / or through work forms 14, 14 'replace other geometry and dimensions.
- the movably designed work forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28 ' are in the embodiment of the device 10 1 to 3 of the axis 16 (essentially) without play added.
- Sections 32, 32 'are preferred designed fork-shaped, as in connection with other embodiments the device 10 according to the invention below is described in more detail (see. Fig. 5, 7, 12 and 14).
- the working forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' are around Axis 16 via a drive device 38 in the form of pneumatic or hydraulically actuated pressure cylinders 40, 40 ', 42, 42 'or another mechanically or electrically actuable Drive device pivotable.
- a pivoting of the working molds 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28 'takes place in the present embodiment of the device 10 each have an essentially vertical effect Printing cylinder 40, 40 'and a substantially horizontal one Printing cylinders 42, 42 '.
- the pressure cylinders 40, 40 ' serve primarily the raising and lowering of the forms of work 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28'.
- the pressure cylinders 42, 42 ' however ultimately practice those for shaping the molded article 12 required pressure force on the working forms 14, 14 'or Press jaws 28, 28 '.
- the pressure cylinder 40, 40 ', 42, 42' for pivoting the two Working forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' can be a Achieve dimensioning that requires a high compressive force ensures and is economical at the same time.
- the working forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' are optionally additionally about the axis 16 via a guide device 44 (not in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 available) pivotable.
- This guide device 44 (cf. Fig. 4 to 7 and / or Fig. 11 to 14) can each have a guide role 46 and a guide track receiving the guide roller 46 48 include.
- the guide roller 46 is on the respective Working form 14, 14 'or press jaw 28, 28' articulated.
- guideway 48 is on frame 20 of the device 10 attached.
- the pressure cylinders 40, 40 ', 42, 42' of the drive device 38 and the guide rollers 46 of the guide device 44 are each articulated on the support element 34, 34 'or rotatably arranged.
- the guide rollers 46 move on the Guide track 46 back and forth according to double arrow 50.
- 1 to 3 is the two working forms 14, 14 ' their corresponding sides facing away from the axis 16 24, 24 'assigned a knife 52 to one during shaping to remove the blank 12 expressed excess of the blank.
- the deposits 54 consist of wear-resistant material such as steel, steel alloys etc. or other abrasion-resistant material.
- the outer contour or surface of the inserts 54 of the two working forms 14, 14 'and the cutting surface or cutting edge of the Knife 52, which may be when removing the excess come into contact with each other, are in their form on each other Voted. This ensures that the two sides 24, 24 'facing away from axis 16 when removing the Get a clean and straight cut edge that on the respective molding 12 with a certain geometry, Dimension and center of gravity is adjusted.
- the knife 52 is in relation to the mutually corresponding axis 16 facing sides 24, 24 'of the two working forms 14, 14' according to Double arrow 56 (see. Fig. 8 to 10) designed to be longitudinally displaceable.
- the knife 52 is on a carriage 58 appropriate.
- the carriage 58 is of at least one guide element in the form of a guide rod, guide rail or The like along the corresponding axis 16 facing sides 24, 24 'of the two working forms 14, 14' slidably added.
- the one shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 Embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention are two Guide elements 60 are provided that are mutually and preferably opposite the sides 24, 24 'of the working forms facing away from the axis 16 14, 14 'are aligned in parallel.
- the knife 52 is opposite to the two working forms 14, 14 'adjustable in height according to double arrow 62.
- the two guide elements 60 for the carriage 58 which the knife 52 carries, over the ends 63 in two further slides 64 or the like supported.
- the slides 64 are each of at least one guide element 66 in the form of a guide rod, Guide rail or the like added height adjustable.
- the device 10 according to the invention are each two Guide elements 66 are provided for a carriage 64 that face each other are arranged in parallel.
- the knife 52 with respect to the corresponding axis 16 opposite sides 24, 24 'of the two working forms 14, 14' additionally adjustable according to double arrow 68 (diagonal). To this Way, the cut edge when removing the excess be set against the horizontal by the knife 52, to, for example, the respective focus or the adjusted weight ratios of the molded article 12 adapted to become.
- FIG. 4 to 8 is a further embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention.
- the axis 16 from or in the position to accommodate a blank to be molded or to remove a molding 12 in or out of the position for shaping the molding 12 according to Double arrow 70 movable, in particular displaceable, formed.
- the direction of movement of axis 16 essentially falls with a plane perpendicular to the leaf plane 72 together, which of the two working forms 14, 14 'at Shape of the molding 12 is clamped.
- the axis 16 is therefore when pivoting the at least one Working form 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' in essentially slidable in the vertical direction, i.e. can be raised or lowered, educated.
- the axis 16 is above their End 74 supported in two carriages 76 or the like.
- the two carriages 76 are each of at least one guide element 78 in the form of a guide rod, guide rail or the like slidably added. 4 to 8 illustrated embodiment of the device according to the invention 10 two guide elements 78 are provided, which are arranged parallel to each other.
- the axis 16 itself is connected via a mechanical, electrical, pneumatic or hydraulically operated drive device 80 movable.
- the drive device 80 comprises for displacement the axis 16 at least one pressure cylinder 82, the preferably on a pneumatic or hydraulic basis is retractable.
- One end 84 of the pressure cylinder 82 is there with the axis 16 and / or one or the two the axis 16 supporting carriage 76 connected.
- the other end 86 of the In contrast, printing cylinder 82 is supported on the frame 20 of the Device 10 from.
- the pressure cylinder 82 is used for lifting and Lowering the working forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28'.
- the pivoting or turning or folding of the working molds 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' takes place in the exemplary embodiment the device 10 according to FIGS. 4 to 8 each by means of a Drive device 38 in the form of a substantially horizontal acting pressure cylinder 88 and a guide device 44 with a guide roller 46 and one receiving the guide roller 46 Guideway 48.
- the guideway 48 of the guide device 44 is also essentially horizontal.
- the pressure cylinder 88 are for the application of the Shaping the molding 12 necessary pressure on the work forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' are provided.
- the Guide device 42 enables kinematic coupling between the essentially vertical impression cylinder 82 for raising or lowering the axis 16 and the substantially horizontally acting pressure cylinder 88.
- FIGS. 4 to 8 10 differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 3 finally by the fact that the carriage 64 for height adjustment of the knife 52 relative to the working forms 14, 14 'in each case directly from the two arranged parallel to each other Guide elements 78 in the form of a guide rod, guide rail or the like are slidably received.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 and 4 to 8 are also identical Provide reference numbers.
- the embodiment of the device 10 according to FIG. 8 differs differs from that of FIGS. 4 to 7 only thereby, as instead of a knife 52 for removing the at the shape of the molding 12 expressed excess of Blank a rack 90 is provided.
- a wiper 92 or the like for removal of any excess expressed.
- a device 10 is shown schematically in FIG. 10 shown, in contrast to the embodiments of the Device 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 3 or 4 to 8 not only one Couple, but a total of three arranged side by side on the axis 16 Forms of work 14, 14 'are realized that each other are assigned and interact with each other.
- FIGS. 11 to 14 finally show yet another advantageous one Embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention.
- the axis is 16 the previously described embodiments by a shaft 94 replaced by a mechanically actuated drive device 80 corresponding to that embodiment of FIG. 4 to 8 is displaceable.
- the drive device 80 for displacing the shaft 94 has a gear assembly 96 on between the movable work forms 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28', the shaft 94 and acts on the two slides 76 supporting the shaft 94.
- the shaft 94 is formed in two parts. Part 98 of the shaft 94 is unsolvable with the one working mold 14 or press jaw 28 connected. The other part 98 'of the shaft 94 is with the other Working form 14 'or press jaw 28' firmly connected.
- One part 98 of the shaft 94 is a hollow shaft and the other Part 98 'of the shaft 94 is designed as a solid shaft, the Solid shaft in the hollow shaft is taken up essentially without play is.
- the gear arrangement 96 has at least one rack 100 and a gear meshing with the rack 100 102 on.
- the rack 100 is on one of the two slides 76 the shaft 94 attached.
- the gear 102 is on one part 98 of the shaft 94 rotatably attached.
- the gear arrangement 96 is equipped with at least one another rack 104 and an additional one with the other Rack 104 engaged gear 106 provided.
- the rack 104 is also on one of the two slides 76 attached.
- the gear 106 is in turn on the other Part 98 'of the shaft 94 rotatably mounted.
- Device 10 comprises the gear arrangement 96 two each Racks 100, 104 on each of the two supporting shaft 94 Carriage 76 and two each engaged with it Gears 102, 106 on the two parts 98, 98 'of the shaft 94.
- the gear arrangement 96 can thus be raised or lowered the shaft 94 on additional drive devices, such as Example the vertically acting pressure cylinder 82 in the embodiment the device 10 according to FIGS.
- impression cylinder 88 is driven by gear arrangement 96 achieved that on the one hand the shaft 94 lifts automatically or lowered and on the other hand the flexible forms of work 14, 14 'or press jaws 28, 28' automatically around the shaft 94 swivel or turn or fold.
- the embodiments can Forms of work 14, 14 'in the area of pages 22, 22', which correspond to each other and face the axis 16 or shaft 94 are with bores 108 or the like passages be provided to moisture or liquid, which in the Shaping of the molding 12 has emerged quickly and completely to remove.
- the working forms 14, 14 'can have edge strips 110 in the area of the corresponding sides 22, 22 ', 24, 24', 26, 26 'of the working forms 14, 14'.
- the working forms 14, 14 'can also be used as Metal molds, in particular made of steel, be formed, wherein a degree of cleaning only in the area of the sides facing each other 22, 22 'during the actual shaping of the molding 12 arises, which then by means of a knife 52 or a rack 90 can be removed for example.
- the working forms 14, 14 'can finally each comprise a lining 112, in particular made of plaster or the like Imprint material exists.
- 16a and 16b show the working forms 14, 14 'accordingly 8 and 9 in an enlarged view.
- the device 10 according to the invention easily for the production of differently shaped Flat tiles 114, 116 or also from special tiles such as verge tiles 118, use.
- moldings 12 in particular of roof tile compacts from blanks, such as chunks of clay or the like, with at least one pair of mutually associated and interacting forms of work 14, 14 'is the molding 12 from the two working forms 14, 14 'in a substantially vertical position in Formed.
- the blank to be formed is preferably of at least one of the two working forms 14, 14 'in one substantially horizontal position is recorded or the molding 12 removed in a substantially horizontal position.
- At least one of the two working forms 14, 14 ' is thereby eliminated the or in the position for receiving the blank to be formed or to remove the molding 12 in or out of the position for Shaping of the molded article 12 about the axis 16 or shaft 94 the other of the two working forms 14, 14 'according to double arrow 18 1 and 2 moved to or away.
- the device 10 becomes the blank to be molded taken up by one of the two working forms 14, 14 'and the molding 12 is replaced by the other of the two working forms 14, 14 'removed.
- the blank to be molded is made on one of the two working forms 14, 14 'placed by means of a suction head device while the molding 12 from the other of the two working forms 14, 14 'removed by means of the or a further suction head device becomes.
- the molding 12 can simultaneously when removing from the working form 14, 14 'by means of a knife or the like on at least one of the sides 22, 22 ', 24, 24 ', 26, 26' of the working shape 14, 14 'are deburred, for example by means of a lifting and deburring device, such as already proposed by the applicant.
- the device and the method according to the invention are not limited to the embodiments described above by way of example. So it is quite conceivable to work forms 14, 14 ' on other than the corresponding, the axis 16 or 94 side facing away from the knife, the scraper, the Rack or the like also for removing one at the Assign the shape of the molded product to the 12 expressed excess.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem Paar von Arbeitsformen in einer Lage zur Aufnahme eines zu formenden Rohlings bzw. zur Abnahme eines Formlings,
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 mit einem Paar von Arbeitsformen in einer Lage zur Formgebung des Formlings,
- Fig. 3
- eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 2 entsprechend Ausschnitt III in vergrößerter Darstellung,
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem Paar von Arbeitsformen in einer Lage zur Aufnahme eines zu formenden Rohlings bzw. zur Abnahme eines Formlings,
- Fig. 5
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 4 gemäß Pfeil V,
- Fig. 6
- eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 3 mit einem Paar von Arbeitsformen in einer Lage zur Formgebung des Formlings mit einem Messer oder dergleichen zum Entfernen eines Putzgrates,
- Fig. 7.
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 6 gemäß Pfeil VII,
- Fig. 8
- eine teilweise geschnittene Vorderansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach den Fig. 4 bis 7 mit einer Zahnstange oder dergleichen zum Entfernen eines Putzgrates,
- Fig. 9
- eine Vorderansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung entsprechend Fig. 8 mit einem Abstreifer oder dergleichen zum Entfernen eines Putzgrates,
- Fig. 10
- eine teilweise geschnittene Vorderansicht einer anderen Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit mehreren (drei), nebeneinander angeordneten Paaren von Arbeitsformen entsprechend der Fig. 8 in verkleinertem Maßstab,
- Fig. 11
- eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht einer noch anderen Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem Paar von Arbeitsformen in einer Lage zur Aufnahme eines zu formenden Rohlings bzw. zur Abnahme eines Formlings,
- Fig. 12
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 11 gemäß Pfeil XII,
- Fig. 13
- eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht der Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 11 mit einem Paar von Arbeitsformen in einer Lage zur Formgebung des Formlings,
- Fig. 14
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Fig. 13 gemäß Pfeil XIV,
- Fig. 15a bis 15c
- schematische Schnittansichten durch verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele von Arbeitsformen nach der Erfindung,
- Fig. 16a und 16b
- teilweise geschnittene Vorderansichten der Arbeitsformen entsprechend Ausschnitt XVI in Fig. 8 in vergrößerter Darstellung,
- Fig. 17a und 17b
- Schnittansichten durch Arbeitsformen nach der Erfindung mit unterschiedlich geformten Flachziegeln, und
- Fig. 18a und 18b
- eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Sonderziegels, beispielsweise eines Ortgangziegels, und eine Schnittansicht durch entsprechend ausgestaltete Arbeitsformen nach der Erfindung.
Claims (39)
- Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formlingen (12), insbesondere von Dachziegelpreßlingen, aus Rohlingen, wie Batzen aus Ton oder dergleichen, mit mindestens einem Paar von einander zugeordneten und miteinander zusammenwirkenden Arbeitsformen (14, 14'), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') eine Achse (16) oder eine Welle (94) zugeordnet ist und wenigstens eine der zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') aus einer bzw. in eine Lage zur Aufnahme eines zu formenden Rohlings bzw. zur Abnahme eines Formlings (12) in eine bzw. aus einer Lage zur Formgebung des Formlings (12) um die Achse (16) oder Welle (94) auf die andere der zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') zu bzw. von dieser weg bewegbar ist (18).
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') auf der Achse (16) oder Welle (94) verschwenkbar angeordnet sind (18), wobei die zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') jeweils eine im wesentlichen horizontale Lage zur Aufnahme des zu formenden Rohlings bzw. zur Abnahme des Formlings (12) und eine im wesentlichen senkrechte Lage zur Formgebung des Formlings (12) einnehmen.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arbeitsform/en (14, 14') von der Achse (16) oder Welle (94) im wesentlichen spielfrei aufgenommen ist/sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arbeitsform/en (14, 14') über der Achse (16) oder Welle (94) zugewandte, insbesondere gabelförmige, Abschnitte (32, 32') oder dergleichen an der Achse (16) oder Welle (94) angelenkt ist/sind, welche die zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') axial zueinander auf der Achse (16) oder Welle (94) im wesentlichen spielfrei festlegen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arbeitsform/en (14, 14') um die Achse (16) oder Welle (94) über eine mechanisch, elektrisch, pneumatisch oder hydraulisch betätigbare Antriebseinrichtung (38), insbesondere Druckzylinder (40, 40', 42, 42') oder dergleichen, verschwenkbar ist/sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arbeitsform/en (14, 14') um die Achse (16) oder Welle (94) über eine Führungseinrichtung (44) verschwenkbar ist/sind, die jeweils eine an der jeweiligen Arbeitsform (14, 14') angelenkte Führungsrolle (46) und eine am Rahmen (20) der Vorrichtung (10) oder dergleichen angeordnete sowie die Führungsrolle (46) aufnehmende Führungsbahn (48) umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebseinrichtung (38), insbesondere Druckzylinder (40, 40', 42, 42') oder dergleichen, und die Führungsrollen (46) der Führungseinrichtung (44) jeweils an einem Stützelement (34, 34') oder dergleichen, das sich von der dem zu formenden Rohling bzw. Formling (12) abgewandten Seite (36, 36') der Arbeitsform/en (14, 14') wegerstreckt, gelenkig bzw. drehbar angeordnet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achse (16) oder Welle (94) aus einer bzw. in eine Lage zur Aufnahme eines zu formenden Rohlings bzw. zur Abnahme eines Formlings (12) in eine bzw. aus einer Lage zur Formgebung des Formlings (12) in Richtung einer von den zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') bei der Formgebung des Formlings (12) aufgespannten gemeinsamen Ebene (72) bewegbar, insbesondere verschiebbar ist (Doppelpfeil 70).
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achse (16) oder Welle (94) bei der Verschwenkung der wenigstens einen Arbeitsform (14, 14') in im wesentlichen vertikaler Richtung verschiebbar ausgebildet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achse (16) oder Welle (94) über deren Enden (74) in zwei Schlitten (76) oder dergleichen abgestützt ist, die jeweils von wenigstens einem, vorzugsweise zwei zueinander parallel angeordneten, Führungselementen (78), insbesondere Führungsstangen, Führungsschienen oder dergleichen, verschiebbar aufgenommen sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achse (16) oder Welle (94) über eine mechanisch, elektrisch, pneumatisch oder hydraulisch betätigbare Antriebseinrichtung (80) verschiebbar ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebseinrichtung (80) zur Verschiebung der Achse (16) mindestens einen Druckzylinder (82) oder dergleichen umfaßt, der zwischen der Achse (16) und/oder den zwei die Achse (16) abstützenden Schlitten (76) sowie dem Rahmen (20) der Vorrichtung (10) wirkt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebseinrichtung (80) zur Verschiebung der Welle (94) eine Getriebeanordnung (96) umfaßt, die zwischen der/den Arbeitsform/en (14, 14') der Welle (94) und den zwei die Welle (94) abstützenden Schlitten (76) wirkt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Welle (94) zweigeteilt ausgebildet ist, wobei ein Teil (98) der Welle (94) mit der einen (14) der Arbeitsformen (14, 14') und der andere Teil (98') der Welle (94) mit der anderen (14') der Arbeitsformen (14, 14') fest verbunden sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der eine Teil (98) der Welle (94) als Hohlwelle und der andere Teil (98') der Welle (94) als Vollwelle ausgebildet sind, wobei die Vollwelle in der Hohlwelle im wesentlichen spielfrei aufgenommen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Getriebeanordnung (96) wenigstens eine an einem der zwei Schlitten (76) befestigte Zahnstange (100) und ein an dem einen Teil (98) der Welle (94) befestigtes, mit der Zahnstange (100) in Eingriff stehendes Zahnrad (102) sowie mindestens eine weitere an einem der zwei Schlitten (76) befestigte Zahnstange (104) und ein an dem anderen Teil (98') der Welle (94) befestigtes, mit der weiteren Zahnstange (104) in Eingriff stehendes Zahnrad (106) umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Getriebeanordnung (96) jeweils zwei Zahnstangen (100, 104) an jedem der zwei die Welle (94) abstützenden Schlitten (76) und zwei damit jeweils in Eingriff stehende Zahnräder (102, 106) an den zwei Teilen (98, 98') der Welle (94) umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arbeitsform/en (14, 14') durch eine mechanisch, elektrisch, pneumatisch oder hydraulisch betätigbare Antriebseinrichtung (80), insbesondere einen Druckzylinder (88), und eine Führungseinrichtung (44), insbesondere eine Führungsrolle (46) und eine die Führungsrolle (46) aufnehmende Führungsbahn (48), die im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung der Achse (16) oder Welle (94) wirken, verschwenkbar ist/sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den Arbeitsformen (14, 14') an einander entsprechenden, der Achse (16) oder Welle (94) abgewandten Seiten (24, 24') ein Messer (52), ein Abstreifer (92), eine Zahnstange (90) oder dergleichen zum Entfernen eines bei der Formgebung des Formlings (12) ausgedrückten Überschusses des Rohlings zugeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arbeitsformen (14, 14') an den einander entsprechenden, der Achse (16) oder Welle (94) abgewandten Seiten (24, 24') mit Einlagen (54), Verstärkungen oder dergleichen aus verschleißfestem Material, insbesondere Stahl, zu deren Schutz gegenüber dem Messer (52), dem Abstreifer (92), der Zahnstange (90) oder dergleichen versehen sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einlagen (54), Verstärkungen oder dergleichen der Arbeitsformen (14, 14') eine dem Messer (52), dem Abstreifer (92), der Zahnstange (90) oder dergleichen zugewandte Außenkontur aufweisen, welche auf diejenige des Messers (52), des Abstreifers (92),der Zahnstange (90) oder dergleichen abgestimmt ist, und umgekehrt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Messer (52), der Abstreifer (92), die Zahnstange (90) oder dergleichen zu den einander entsprechenden, der Achse (16) abgewandten Seiten (24, 24') der Arbeitsformen (14, 14') längsverschiebbar ist (56).
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Messer (52), der Abstreifer (92), die Zahnstange (90) oder dergleichen an einem Schlitten (58) angebracht ist, der von wenigstens einem, vorzugsweise zwei zueinander parallel angeordneten, Führungselementen (60), insbesondere Führungsstangen, Führungsschienen oder dergleichen, entlang der einander entsprechenden, der Achse (16) oder Welle (94) abgewandten Seiten (24, 24') der zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') verschiebbar aufgenommen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Messer (52), der Abstreifer (92), die Zahnstange (90) oder dergleichen gegenüber den zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') höhenverstellbar ist (62).
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 23 oder 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei Führungselemente (60) für den das Messer (52), den Abstreifer (92), die Zahnstange (90) oder dergleichen tragenden Schlitten (58) über deren Enden (63) in zwei Schlitten (64) oder dergleichen abgestützt sind, die jeweils von wenigstens einem, vorzugsweise zwei zueinander parallel angeordneten, Führungselementen (66, 78), insbesondere Führungsstangen, Führungsschienen oder dergleichen, höhenverstellbar aufgenommen sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Messer (52), der Abstreifer (92), die Zahnstange (90) oder dergleichen gegenüber den einander entsprechenden, der Achse (16) abgewandten Seiten (24, 24') der Arbeitsformen (14, 14') schrägverstellbar ist (68).
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den Arbeitsformen (14, 14') im Bereich der einander entsprechenden, der Achse (16) oder Welle (94) zugewandten Seiten (22, 22') Bohrungen (108) oder dergleichen Durchlässe zum Entfernen von bei der Formgebung des Formlings (12) entstandener Flüssigkeit zugeordnet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arbeitsform/en (14, 14') jeweils auf einer Preßbacke (28, 28') oder dergleichen, insbesondere zentriergenau, lösbar befestigt ist/sind, die insbesondere eine die jeweilige Arbeitsform (14, 14') aufnehmende Trägerplatte (30, 30'), den der Achse (16) oder Welle (94) zugewandten, insbesondere gabelförmigen, Abschnitt (32, 32') und ein sich an die Trägerplatte (30, 30') anschließende Stützelement (34, 34') umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arbeitsformen (14, 14') als Metallformen, insbesondere aus Stahl, ausgebildet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arbeitsformen (14, 14') jeweils ein Futter (112), insbesondere aus Gips oder dergleichen Material, umfassen.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formlingen (12), insbesondere von Dachziegelpreßlingen, aus Rohlingen, wie Batzen aus Ton oder dergleichen, mit mindestens einem Paar von einander zugeordneten und miteinander zusammenwirkenden Arbeitsformen (14, 14'), mittels einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 30, wobei der Formling (12) von den zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') in einer im wesentlichen senkrechten Lage geformt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zu formende Rohling von wenigstens einer der zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') in einer im wesentlichen horizontalen Lage aufgenommen wird bzw. der Formling (12) in einer im wesentlichen horizontalen Lage abgenommen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 31 oder 32, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine der zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') aus einer bzw. in eine Lage zur Aufnahme des zu formenden Rohlings bzw. zur Abnahme des Formlings (12) in eine bzw. aus einer Lage zur Formgebung des Formlings (12) um eine Achse (16) oder eine Welle (94) oder dergleichen auf die andere der zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') zu bzw. von dieser weg bewegt wird (18).
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 31 bis 33, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zu formende Rohling von einer der zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') aufgenommen wird und der Formling (12) von der anderen der zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') abgenommen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 31 bis 34, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein bei der Formgebung des Formlings (12) aus den zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') an einander entsprechenden, der Achse (16) oder Welle (94) abgewandten Seiten (24, 24') ausgedrückter Überschuß des Rohlings durch ein Messer (52), einen Abstreifer (92), eine Zahnstange (90) oder dergleichen entfernt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 31 bis 35, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zu formende Rohling auf der einen der zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') mittels einer Saugkopfeinrichtung aufgelegt und der Formling (12) von der anderen der zwei Arbeitsformen (14, 14') mittels der oder einer weiteren Saugkopfeinrichtung abgenommen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 36, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Formling (12) gleichzeitig bei der Abnahme von der Arbeitsform (14') mittels eines Messers oder dergleichen an wenigstens einer der Seiten (22, 22', 24, 24', 26, 26') der Arbeitsformen (14, 14') entgratet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 31 bis 37, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arbeitsformen (14, 14') vor Aufnahme des Rohlings mit einer, insbesondere öl-, wasser- oder dergleichen -haltigen, Flüssigkeit oder Emulsion zur erleichterten Trennung des Formlings (12) von den Arbeitsformen (14, 14') nach dessen Formgebung besprüht werden.
- Verwendung einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 30 oder eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 31 bis 38 zur Herstellung von Flächenziegeln und/oder Sonderziegeln, wie Ortgangziegeln etc.
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DE19730980A DE19730980C1 (de) | 1997-07-18 | 1997-07-18 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formlingen |
DE19730980 | 1997-07-18 |
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CN117507129B (zh) * | 2024-01-04 | 2024-03-26 | 广东朗道建材科技有限公司 | 一种用于蒸养后加气混凝土坯体的掰分机构 |
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