EP0876959B1 - Apparatus for presorting valuable materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine for the preliminary sorting of recycled materials, especially from the household or commercial sectors, has a drum device (1) which can be rotated about a substantially horizontal axis. The device has arms (30) which extend in a radial direction from the axis of rotation, and a mechanism inside the drum can move each arm to and fro in a radial direction so that each arm can be individually extended through a hole in the drum matching its cross sectional shape and then retracted.

Description

The invention relates to a device for presorting Recyclables, especially from the home or commercial sector.

In recent years, valuable materials (economic goods; e.g. Waste that is not disposed of together with garbage) increasingly in Bags collected, e.g. in plastic bags so that they can be one Recycling can be fed. Before individual components the valuable materials, e.g. Metals or plastic parts, The recyclables must be recyclable or recyclable be sorted. This happens at a central point where the valuable materials delivered in bags are received become. For cost reasons and also to the health burden to keep it as low as possible for the staff Tendency towards extensive automation of the necessary Process steps.

First, the bags have to be opened and emptied. Further the sacks that have been opened e.g. large format Represent plastic films, as completely as possible from the rest Recyclables are separated. DE 94 05 851 U1 is one Device for tearing bags known for this purpose in the Location is. This device has a substantially horizontal extending shaft, which is driven to rotate becomes. Arms emanate from the wave in a star shape outer end areas are designed as tines. On their inner The ends of the arms are pivoted in the area of the shaft. The arms are swung inwards by means of a control curve, after they have their rotation of the shaft have reached the highest point, and shortly before reaching theirs they are swung out again at the lowest railway point. A sack placed on the shaft via an endless conveyor to be transported with the arms is counteracted by the arms just swung out, torn open and with upwards, whereby it is largely emptied. The fact that the empty or largely empty sack impaled arms as you continue to move inward the bag can come loose from the device, what is provided by one in the upper area of the device Ejection plate is facilitated.

DE 94 20 921 U1 is essentially the same constructed device described for the pre-sorting of Recyclable materials can be used. In particular, it is with this device possible large format film parts, as they from torn sacks, from the other valuable materials and separate from residual waste. The principle of operation of this device is based on the fact that the film parts are swung out Poor caught and led around the shaft while the other valuable materials and residual waste fall off in front of the wave. To When the highest point is reached, the arms are swung in, so that the film parts behind the shaft are released where they are separated from the other components. The device A corresponding can be used to pre-sort valuable materials Device for tearing sacks upstream.

So that the space between the arms including the movement of the arms controlling components is not soiled Shaft surrounded by a fixed housing that extends in the circumferential direction running slits for the passage of the arms having. However, recyclable materials can still pass through the slots and residual waste can get inside the case, even then, if the slots are designed like a labyrinth, as in DE 94 20 921 U1. This can disrupt operations result and also requires regular cleaning of the housing interior, which is expensive.

From US 5,368,431 A is a device for opening and Known garbage bag removal. Feeded to this device Sacks are first placed in one facility, with several notched, knife-like discs and separate back and forth movable blades works, slit or cut open. The waste material is removed using two paddle wheels and transported to a conveyor belt to a drum device, which serves to strip the bags. The drum device rotates around a horizontal axis of rotation and points in relation arms running largely in a star shape on the axis of rotation. The arms pass through to match the cross section of the arms Openings or bushings in the jacket of the drum device out of the interior of the drum device and are with the help a control device in the interior of the drum device movable. The control device contains a fixed one Connecting rod on which the inner ends of the arms are supported and which causes a rotational movement of the drum device that each arm is extended when it is near the Conveyor belt is located, and in the further course of the rotary movement the drum device is retracted. If the waste material moved under the drum device, capture the arms extend the already opened sacks and take them with the rotary movement until the arms are retracted become. So the sacks fall back onto the conveyor belt and lie there but then on top of the rest of the garbage and can easily be removed Operating personnel are sorted out.

Since in the device known from US 5,368,431 A Movement of the arms is controlled by a connecting rod the arms run during a rotary movement of the drum device at changing angles with respect to the mantle. This requires elaborate implementations by the Coat.

The object of the invention is a device for presorting of recyclables to create a robust drive range and in the event of disruptions in the operational process due to foreign bodies are practically excluded in the drive area.

This object is achieved by a device for presorting of recyclables, especially from the home or commercial sector, with the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements result from the subclaims.

The device according to the invention for presorting valuable materials, especially from the home or commercial sector, has one Drum device arranged around a substantially horizontal extending axis of rotation is drivable to a rotary movement and the arms that run in a star shape with respect to the axis of rotation having. The arms pass through a cross section of the respective arm adapted opening through the jacket of Drum device from the interior of the drum device. You are at least partially in the Interior of the drum device movable. The control device is set up to put a respective arm in its deepest Extend railway area and in its highest To retract the railway area.

The basic principle of operation of the device according to the invention is the same as that from DE 94 05 851 U1 and DE 94 20 921 U1 known devices. The mechanism for Moving the arms is due to the rotating jacket protected the drum device, the respective openings for the exit of the arms are preferably so small that the Cross section of the respective arm just fits through. Therefore can no foreign objects in the interior of the drum device enter and disrupt the operations.

The control device has a cam, i.e. she has a control cam with components designed as cam followers interacts that are coupled with the arms to the arms of the respective rotary position of the drum device accordingly retract or extend. The term "cam" is to be understood very broadly here. On each face of the Drum device is a fixed cam with a circumferential guideway (which serves as a control curve), the guideways of the two cams to each other are aligned and for the management of the end areas of rods running parallel to the axis of rotation are set up, on which the inner end regions of the arms are supported. The Rods are radial with respect to the drum assembly running guides, so that they are each in radial Drive in and out when the coat of the Drum device rotates.

The movement of the arms is controlled purely mechanically, so that the control device has no sensitive components has what with the harsh operating conditions of the device is advantageous for pre-sorting valuable materials.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Circumferential line of the casing of the drum device as a polygon designed, preferably the openings in the jacket of the Drum device for the exit of the arms between each two adjacent corners of the polygon are arranged. Thereby it is achieved that e.g. Recyclables or residual waste at Rotational movement of the drum device essentially in one Distance from the axis of rotation, which is approximately equal to that Distance between the axis of rotation and a corner of the polygon designed circumferential line of the jacket matches. When a With this geometry, the arm is fully retracted, the distance its outer end to the axis of rotation somewhat less, so that in A small cavity is created in the area of its outer end, or at least one area in which the density of recyclables is lower is as near the corners. The consequence of this is that a large format part, e.g. a piece of plastic film or a Piece of paper e.g. comes from a ripped sack, easier to detach from the drum assembly when the arm or the Arms holding the part into the interior of the drum assembly be retracted.

The parts intended for pre-sorting are the drum device preferably fed via a conveyor, which in a preferred embodiment designed as an endless conveyor which is e.g. as a scraper conveyor, as a belt conveyor or as Plate conveyor can be formed. Whose direction of conveyance points against the direction of movement of the lower area the jacket of the drum device. With this arrangement, a large-sized part reaching the drum device well from one or more arms gripped to the other side of the Drum device to be performed.

In front of the drum device and above the conveyor a deflector can be arranged, e.g. as a metering plate is designed. Such a metering plate is in DE 94 05 851 U1 described.

In the upper area or above the drum device, a Ejector device (restraint device, scraper device) be arranged, the most complete separation of large format Parts of other components and the loosening of large format Parts favored by the drum device. If the arms not yet far enough in the area of the discharge device Inside of the drum unit should be retracted Ejector have openings for the arms.

Examples of ejection devices are in DE 94 05 851 U1 and described in DE 94 20 921 U1.

To the operation of the device according to the Pre-sorting of valuable materials can improve several identical or essentially similar stages in succession be arranged, each a drum device exhibit.

The (or the) used for pre-sorting valuable materials Drum device (s) can also be a tearing device be upstream of bags, which are preferably constructed similarly is like a one-step pre-sorting device Recyclable materials, i.e. a drum device. At a Such arrangement is already through the device for Opening bags a first sorting of valuable materials reached. The rejected materials are preferably disposed of Conveyors removed.

Figur 1

eine schematische seitliche Teilansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Vorsortieren von Wertstoffen, wobei mehrere Schnittebenen dargestellt sind,

Figur 2

eine Teilansicht aus Figur 1, in der zusätzlich die Umfangslinie des Mantels der Trommeleinrichtung der Vorrichtung dargestellt ist,

Figur 3

eine schematische Ansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 mit Blick von hinten, die teilweise als Schnitt dargestellt ist,

Figur 4

eine vergrößerte Teilansicht aus Figur 3 und

Figur 5

eine schematische seitliche Ansicht der Vorrichtung aus Figur 1, der eine Vorrichtung zum Aufreißen von Säcken vorgeschaltet ist.

The invention is described in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The drawings show in

Figure 1

2 shows a schematic partial side view of a device according to the invention for pre-sorting valuable materials, several sectional planes being shown,

Figure 2

2 shows a partial view from FIG. 1, in which the circumferential line of the jacket of the drum device of the device is additionally shown,

Figure 3

2 shows a schematic view of the device according to FIG. 1 with a view from behind, which is shown partly as a section,

Figure 4

an enlarged partial view of Figure 3 and

Figure 5

is a schematic side view of the device of Figure 1, which is preceded by a device for tearing bags.

FIG. 1 shows the part of a device that is essential to the invention shown for pre-sorting of valuable materials. As Figure 1 shows the device for presorting valuable materials Drum device 1, which is mounted on a bracket 2. Below the drum device 1 is a conveyor arranged, which is designed here as a belt conveyor 4 and in a frame 6 is held. The belt conveyor 4 ends in the lower Area of the drum device 1. It is used to feed in sorting materials to the drum device 1, so that this can be sorted by the drum device 1. The Bracket 2 is screwed to a frame 8.

The drum device 1 has a largely closed Jacket 10, the end faces of which each have an end plate 12 are connected. The two end plates 12 have a circular shape Circumferential line as shown in Figures 1 and 2. In Figure 2 the circumferential line 14 of the jacket 10 is also shown. In the exemplary embodiment, it is designed as a polygon as a regular octagon, with the corners of the circumferential line 14 the periphery of the end plates 12 are.

In Figure 4, which is an enlarged partial view of Figure 3 the axis of rotation D-D is drawn around which the drum device 1 can be driven to rotate. The end plates are for this 12 of the drum device 1 each in a side part 16 mounted, which is rigidly connected to the bracket 2 or part of the bracket 2. According to the view Figure 4 left bearing is guided through the left side part 16 and carries at its end a sprocket 18, which has a chain 19 and a sprocket 20 is driven by an electric motor 22.

A guide plate 24 is firmly connected to each side part 16. The guide plates 24 are located on the end faces the drum device 1 outside in front of the end plates 12 each have a circular circumference, its diameter is slightly smaller than that of the end plates 12, and aligned concentrically to the end plates 12. The face plates 12 are each of a cylindrical jacket Surround fender 26, the respective inner edge area the respective end plate 12 is attached during the respective outer edge region of the respective fender 26 die overlaps the respective guide plate 24. Here are the columns between the edges of the guide plates 24 and each Mudguard 26 kept so narrow that practically no contamination into the interior 28 of the drum device 1 can penetrate.

The drum device 1 points with respect to the axis of rotation D-D arms 30 extending in a star shape. Are in the embodiment several sets of arms 30 are provided which point towards the Axis of rotation D-D are spaced apart. As in Figure 4 visible, these are first sentences 31, 32, 33 and 34, the each consist of four arms 30, the arms 30 one Set in the circumferential direction of the drum device 1 in each case by 90 ° are offset from each other. In Figure 2, this is for set 31 shown; the arm on the left of this sentence is here provided with the reference numeral 30. Between sentences 31, 32, 33 and 34 are further sets of arms 30, namely the sets 35, 36, 37 and 38, as indicated in Figure 4. Even sentences 35, 36, 37 and 38 each consist of four arms 30, as in Figure 2 shown for set 35. Her arms 30 are opposite to those of the Sets 31, 32, 33 and 34 by 45 ° in the circumferential direction of the drum device 1 offset, see Figure 2. The geometry is like this chosen that each arm 30 between two adjacent corners 39 of the octagonal circumferential line 14 of the jacket 10 is arranged (see Figure 2, left part).

The inner end regions 40 of the arms 30 are located in the interior 28 of the drum device 1. From there, the arms 30 pass through the jacket 10 outwards, through respective openings in the jacket 10, the size of which corresponds to the cross section of the respective arms 30 is adapted. The arms 30 are radial Slidably supported in the direction (see below); therefore they have each in the area in which it depends on the shift position pass through the jacket 10, a constant cross-sectional area, which is slightly smaller than the cross-sectional area the opening. This way the middle or outer Areas of the arms 30 stored in the jacket 10. The outer Areas of the arms 30 are preferably as rigid tines educated.

The inner end portions 40 of the arms 30 are on rods 42 stored. Such a rod is in the upper area of FIG 42 drawn in detail. This rod 42 holds one the arms 30 of sets 31, 32, 33 and 34. Each of the end regions 44 of the rod 42 runs in a guideway 46 which in the respective guide plate 24 as a circumferential, self-contained Recess is formed. Regarding the ones with the coat 10 rotating end plates 12, the rods 42 through radial slots 48 in the end plates 12 out. The two radial slots 48 for guiding the rod 42 in the upper region 4 run in the drawing plane of FIG. 4.

The guide plates 24 with the guideways 46 act as Cams. The two guideways 46 are in relation to one another aligned. During the rotary movement of the drum device 1, the rods 42 of the guideways 46 in moved radially so that the arms 30 from the interior 28 extended or retracted the drum device 1 become. The outer ends of the arms 30 describe a path 50, which is located in Figures 1 and 2. It's closed recognize that a respective arm 30 in its deepest Web area is moved outwards so that it is a piece over the Outside of the jacket 10 protrudes, and in its highest Railway area is retracted so that it is preferably not or only slightly in relation to the outside of the jacket 10 protrudes. The drum device 1 rotates in the illustration according to Figures 1 and 2 in the counterclockwise direction, i.e., each lower region of the casing 10 runs from the belt conveyor 4 objects moving from right to left.

In the upper area of the drum device 1 there is a discharge device 52 arranged on a movable frame 54 is mounted. The ejection device 52 has a comb 56, between the projections projecting obliquely downwards through openings are provided for the arms 30. Since the comb 56 shown from the side in Figure 1 is only a protrusion can be seen while the passage openings for the arms 30 cannot be seen. The comb 56 can be operated using a hydraulic cylinder 58 pulled up, what cleaning or Maintenance is helpful.

It is preferably located in front of the in the exemplary embodiment described device for presorting valuable materials Device for tearing sacks, essentially like this is designed like the device already described and therefore also a drum device with movable arms having. Figure 5 shows both components in a side view. Corresponding parts of both components have the same Reference numerals, the reference numerals for the device for Tear open bags are marked with a "'".

The device for tearing bags has a drum device 1 ', which is mounted on a bracket 2'.

Below the drum device 1 'is inclined from the floor arranged upward conveyor, which here as Belt conveyor 4 'is designed and held in a frame 6' becomes. The belt conveyor 4 'ends in the lower region of the drum device 1'. It is used to feed sacks to be torn open the drum device 1 ', so that this from the drum device 1 'can be torn open. The bracket 2 'is with the Screwed frame 8. The remaining details of the device to tear open bags correspond to those already described Device and therefore need not be explained to become.

The following is the operation of the pre-sorting device of recyclables with the upstream device for Opening of bags explained. The bags to be torn open, e.g. made of plastic or paper, e.g. with recyclables are filled, via the belt conveyor 4 'to the drum device 1 'introduced. The drum device 1 'rotates here, namely in the view according to FIG. 5 in the counterclockwise direction. The arms 30 'become dependent on their respective Position angle extended or retracted or change their radial position not as it corresponds to the track 50 '. Shortly before when it reaches its lowest point, an arm 30 ' extended so that it is the foremost sack to be torn open is just brought up to the drum device 1 ', grasp and can tear open. He slits the sack open so that it is on hang on arm 30 'or on adjacent or subsequent arms 30' remains and with the rotary movement of the drum device 1 'after is taken up. At the latest when the sack hits the crest 56 ' reached, it is completely torn open, so that the valuable materials and any existing waste can fall out. The recyclables (and possibly the residual waste) reach the front end area of the Belt conveyor 4 'and fall from there through a gap 60 below on a conveyor belt 62. The torn sack is located at this point, usually still on the drum device 1 'because the arms impaling him 30' are still extended.

After the highest point of the track 50 'has passed, the Arm 30 'withdrawn there from the control device so that the Bag can fall from the drum device 1 '. Here comes he on the belt conveyor 4, which in the already based on the figures 1 to 4 described device component is arranged.

The drum device 1 'already effects a pre-sorting of the Recyclable materials, for example because they are torn open Sack separates from other parts. Usually there are however, in the area of the torn sack still remaining Recyclable or residual waste, which along with the torn open Sack of the belt conveyor 4 to be transported to in the already described device component for sorting What to be recycled from the torn sack is achieved with the help of the drum device 1. The way of working the drum device 1 corresponds essentially to that of Drum device 1 '. The drum device 1 needs no more sacks to be opened, but gripped 30 with the arms large parts, e.g. already from the drum device 1 'torn bags, and takes these parts up where they are guided around the drum device 1 and at Retracting the arms 30 on another conveyor belt 64 behind the Drum device 1 can fall off. With the participation of Ejector 52, however, the smaller components fall through a gap 66 down onto the conveyor belt 62.

In the way described, large-format parts, such as in particular when tearing bags open, but also otherwise may be contained in the valuable materials, from smaller components separated what an effective pre-sorting of recyclables represents. With additional deflectors or release devices of the type mentioned in the introduction, which is described in DE 94 05 851 U1 and DE 94 20 921 U1, in FIGS. 1 to 5 but are not shown, a Improvement of the pre-sorting of the valuable materials can be achieved. The device for presorting valuable materials can be used Sorting and / or dosing and / or loosening from original Parts contained in the bags, especially those contained in the bags loosely collected recyclables.

Claims (15)

1. Apparatus for presorting materials of value, in particular from the domestic or industrial sector, with a drum device (1), which can be driven to execute a rotational movement about a substantially horizontally running axis of rotation (D-D) and which has arms (30) which run in a star formation with respect to the axis of rotation (D-D), respectively emerge from the interior space (28) of the drum device (1) through an opening adapted to the cross section of the respective arm (30) through the casing (10) of the drum device (1) and can be moved by means of a control device (42, 46) at least partly into the interior space (28) of the drum device (1), the control device (42, 46) being set up such that, when in the lowest-lying region of its path, it extends a respective arm (30) and, when in the highest-lying region of its path, it retracts the said arm, characterized in that the control device (42, 46) has a cam plate (24, 46), a fixed-in-place cam plate (24, 46) with a peripheral guideway (46) being arranged on each end face of the drum device (1), the guideways (46) of the two cam plates (24, 46) being aligned in relation to each other and set up for guiding the end regions (44) of rods (42) which run parallel to the axis of rotation (D-D) and on which the inner end regions (40) of the arms (30) are mounted, and the rods (42) being guided with respect to the drum device (1) in radially running guides (48).
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral line (14) of the casing (10) of the drum device (1) is shaped as a polygon.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, characterized in that the openings in the casing (10) of the drum device (1) for the emergence of the arms (30) are respectively arranged between two neighbouring corners (39) of the polygon (14).
4. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that arranged underneath the drum device (1) is a conveying device (4), preferably an endless conveyor, the conveying direction of which is counter to the direction of movement of the respectively lower region of the casing (10) of the drum device (1).
5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that a deflector is arranged ahead of the drum device (1) and above the conveying device (4).
6. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a discharging, retaining and/or stripping device (52), preferably with through-openings for the arms (30), is arranged in the upper region or above the drum device (1).
7. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a number of sets (31 - 38) of arms (30) are provided spaced apart in the axial direction of the drum device (1), the arms (30) of neighbouring sets (31 - 38) preferably being arranged offset with respect to one another in the peripheral direction.
8. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer end regions of the arms (30) are formed as rigid prongs.
9. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device has a hydraulic system.
10. Apparatus for presorting materials of value, in particular from the domestic or industrial sector, characterized by a number of stages arranged one behind the other, which respectively have an apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 9.
11. Apparatus for tearing open bags and presorting materials of value, in particular from the domestic or industrial sector, characterized by an apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 10, which is preceded by an apparatus for tearing open bags.
12. Apparatus according to Claim 11, characterized in that the apparatus for tearing open bags is designed in the same way as an apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 9.
13. Apparatus according to Claim 12, characterized in that arranged underneath the drum device (1') of the apparatus for tearing open bags is a first conveying device (4'), which leads to the drum device (1') of the apparatus for tearing open bags, the conveying direction of which is counter to the direction of movement of the respectively lower region of the casing of the drum device (1') of the apparatus for tearing open bags and which ends in the region of the drum device (1') of the apparatus for tearing open bags and forms a gap (60) in relation to a second conveying device (4), which is arranged underneath the drum device (1) for presorting materials of value, which leads to the drum device (1) for presorting materials of value and the conveying direction of which is counter to the direction of movement of the respectively lower region of the casing of the drum device (1) for presorting materials of value.
14. Apparatus according to Claim 13, characterized in that a third conveying device (62) is arranged underneath the gap (60).
15. Apparatus according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that a fourth conveying device (64) is arranged behind the conveying device (1) for presorting materials of value.

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