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EP0876670A2 - Procede de production d'une piece fa onnee a partir d'un materiau de contact a base d'argent - Google Patents

Procede de production d'une piece fa onnee a partir d'un materiau de contact a base d'argent

Info

Publication number
EP0876670A2
EP0876670A2 EP97914051A EP97914051A EP0876670A2 EP 0876670 A2 EP0876670 A2 EP 0876670A2 EP 97914051 A EP97914051 A EP 97914051A EP 97914051 A EP97914051 A EP 97914051A EP 0876670 A2 EP0876670 A2 EP 0876670A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silver
contact material
metal oxide
rhenium
iron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97914051A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0876670B1 (fr
Inventor
Franz Hauner
Günter Tiefel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Metaux Precieux Metalor SA
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0876670A2 publication Critical patent/EP0876670A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0876670B1 publication Critical patent/EP0876670B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H2001/02378—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing iron-oxide as major component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a shaped piece from a silver-based contact material.
  • the invention further relates to such a contact material and a shaped piece made from such a contact material.
  • contact materials based on silver which contain certain active components, have long proven themselves. Both metals and metal oxides are known as active components which have a favorable influence on the switching properties of the contact material.
  • Representatives of the silver-based metallic contact materials are, for example, silver-nickel (AgNi) and silver-iron (AgFe). Silver-iron oxide (AgFe 2 ⁇ 3) may be mentioned as a representative of the oxidic contact materials.
  • oxidic contact materials have a lower tendency to weld than metallic contact materials, the latter have a longer service life, especially with small currents.
  • Silver-nickel contact materials in particular have good switching properties, but it is disadvantageous that the nickel dust which forms during production or during operation due to abrasion and that which forms as a switching product Nickel oxide can have a harmful effect on the human organism.
  • a silver-based contact material is known from EP 0 586 411 B1, which contains the metals iron and rhenium in mass proportions between 1% and 50% or between 0.01% and 5% as active components. It was recognized that rhenium improves the properties of such a contact material even in proportions below 1%.
  • the contact material mentioned is characterized by a low contact heating with stable heating behavior, acceptable welding tendency and a long service life in relation to predetermined switching currents.
  • the silver-iron-rhenium contact material is produced by mixing silver and iron-rhenium alloy powder or by mixing separate powders of silver, iron and rhenium.
  • the powder mixture is then processed by compression molding or extrusion and sintering into molded parts or semi-finished products.
  • the structure of such a material i.e. the size and the distribution of the active components in the silver matrix is predetermined by the grain size of the metal powder or alloy powder available on the market.
  • the use of coarse metal powders leads to a coarse-grained structure, of fine-grained metal powders to a fine-grained structure.
  • the finest iron powders produced in technically relevant quantities have an average grain size of approximately 5 ⁇ m.
  • Iron-rhenium powders are produced by atomizing a corresponding melt and also have an average grain size of approx. 5 ⁇ m or more.
  • the powder mixture is pressed into a molding by compression molding, which is produced by sintering and optionally further pressing Fitting is processed.
  • the shaped part can additionally be pressed with a layer of pure silver to securely connect the contact piece to the base by brazing.
  • the active components added in powder form with a uniform grain size are distributed irregularly over the silver matrix.
  • the structure of the fitting is largely isotropic.
  • the powder mixture is first pressed and / or sintered into a porous compact or slug.
  • the compact or slug optionally with a layer of pure silver (see above), is pressed by extrusion into a strand from which the shaped pieces are separated and possibly subjected to a subsequent treatment.
  • the powder grains of the silver and possibly the active components are deformed or aligned in the extrusion direction, as a result of which an anisotropic, namely linear structure is formed.
  • the contact material Due to the structure of the contact material, its electrical switching properties, e.g. Burning, contact resistance and welding force, largely determined.
  • WO 95/08833 A1 describes a method for connecting a contact piece made of a silver-metal oxide material to a carrier by brazing or welding.
  • the metal oxide of the contact material is at least partially reduced to metal in the region of the contact piece near the surface. A resulting structural change which has a favorable influence on the switching properties of the contact piece or the contact material is not achieved.
  • the method described is only suitable for the manufacture thin, weldable and solderable layers down to a few 100 ⁇ m.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a production method for a molded piece made of a contact material and such a contact material itself which has switching properties which are more favorable than the prior art. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a contact piece made of the contact material which, due to improved switching properties, is particularly suitable for a switching device in energy technology.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with regard to the method for producing a shaped piece from a silver-based contact material by forming a powder mixture of silver and a metal oxide, which is processed into the shaped piece by powder metallurgy, and reducing the metal oxide to metal .
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that a contact material with a fine structure exhibits better switching behavior than a contact material with a coarse structure.
  • the range of properties of a contact material can be significantly improved by reducing the average grain size of the active components in the silver matrix.
  • Active components is less than 1 ⁇ m.
  • Such a contact material can, however, not be produced using known powder-metallurgical manufacturing processes using commercially available metal powders, the average grain size of which is in the range of a few microns.
  • metal oxide powders are available whose grain sizes are significantly smaller than 1 ⁇ m
  • the use of metal oxide powder instead of metal powder and subsequent reduction of the metal oxide enables a contact material to be obtained in which the average grain size the metallic active components are in the nanometer range.
  • the use of metal oxide powders can be carried out under less strict transport and processing regulations, since in contrast to metal oxide powders, many metal powders are self-igniting. In this way, the manufacturing costs can be reduced.
  • the reduction of the metal oxide advantageously takes place in the powder mixture, since a complete reduction of the metal oxide is made more difficult by the increasing compression of the powder mixture in subsequent work steps.
  • the reduction of the metal oxide can also take place in a blank of the shaped piece, which still has a sufficiently high porosity or gas permeability.
  • a blank is, for example, the slug to be made available in extrusion technology, which is subsequently pressed into an extrusion.
  • such a blank can also be a preliminary product for a molded part produced in the molding technology, before the molded part is produced therefrom by pressing and sintering again.
  • the reduction of the metal oxide is expediently achieved by heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere. It is particularly effective if the heat treatment is carried out in a temperature range of 500 ° C. below the melting point of silver, ie taking into account the admixed active components at a temperature between 500 ° C. and 1000 ° C., preferably at 700 ° C. becomes.
  • the reducing atmosphere can also be used as a protective gas for any sintering that may be required. Sintering and reduction can thereby Position of the contact material takes place in one operation.
  • the gas hydrogen (H 2 ) usually used for the sintering is advantageously also used as the reducing atmosphere.
  • the sintering and pressing processes necessary in powder metallurgical manufacturing processes can lead to a conglomeration of the active component supplied in powder form. This is particularly the case if the active component is supplied in the form of a powder of a metal oxide with very small grain sizes. Grain sizes of the active component that are favorable for the switching properties can be achieved in the contact material if a powder with a grain size of less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably from 100 to 500 nm, is used as the metal oxide.
  • Metal oxide is added. As described, the further metal oxide is reduced to a further metal. However, it is also conceivable to add the further metal oxide only after the powder mixture has been reduced. In this case, the contact material produced would have an oxidic active component.
  • the powder mixture is silver (Ag), iron oxide (Fe 2 0 3 / Fe 3 ⁇ 4) and rhenium (Re) or silver (Ag), rhenium oxide (Re) and iron (Fe) or silver
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a silver-based contact material with at least one further metallic component, the mean grain size of which is smaller than 1 ⁇ m, preferably 100 to Is 500 nm.
  • a contact material has in particular a very low tendency to weld and a long service life.
  • the contact material has favorable switching properties if iron (Fe) and rhenium (Re) are provided as the active metal components. It is advantageous if iron (Fe) is in a mass fraction between 1 and 50% and rhenium (Re) in a mass fraction between 0.01 and 5%.
  • the object with regard to the contact piece is achieved according to the invention by a molded piece made of the contact material in the form of a contact piece.
  • the contact piece can additionally be provided with a layer of pure silver for secure connection of the contact piece to the base by brazing.
  • Such a contact piece is suitable for use in a switching device in power engineering, in particular for a low-voltage switch.
  • 3 shows a structure of an Ag (FeRe 95/5) 8, 8 material produced according to the extrusion technology according to the invention parallel to the extrusion direction; 4 structure of a Ag (FeRe 95/5) 8.8 material conventionally produced by the extrusion technology parallel to the extrusion direction.
  • a silver-iron-rhenium material is produced.
  • silver powder Ag is mixed with rhenium powder Re (grain size approx. 5 ⁇ m) and with iron oxide powder Fe 2 0 3 / Fe 3 ⁇ 4 (grain size smaller than 10 nm).
  • This powder mixture is further processed into a blank or slug which is annealed at a temperature of 700 ° C. under an H 2 atmosphere to reduce the iron oxide to iron.
  • the further processing into a contact piece takes place according to the extrusion technique described under known conditions.
  • the composition of the powder mixture is such that the sum of the mass fractions of the active components iron (Fe) and rhenium (Re) is 8.8% in the finished material, the ratio of iron to rhenium being 19/1.
  • the material is to be referred to as Ag (FeRe 95/5) 8.8 in the following, where the ratio 95/5 refers to the mixing ratio of iron and rhenium powder, which is due to the manufacturing process.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 show the fine structure of an Ag (FeRe 95/5) 8,8 material produced in this way parallel or perpendicular to the extrusion direction.
  • the mean grain size of the rhenium and iron particles in the silver matrix is in a range significantly below 1 ⁇ m.
  • the difference in size of the active components embedded in the silver matrix is significant.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show the structure of an Ag (FeRe 95/5) 8, 8 material produced according to the invention or conventionally, parallel to the extrusion direction.
  • the sum of the welding force values is shown, the ordinate being divided logarithmically according to the Weibull function and the abscissa. Since the mechanical processing of AgFeRe contact materials during the first switching operations can be the cause of high welding power, the 99.8% value is used for comparison with conventionally manufactured AgFeRe materials.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Pour produire une pièce façonnée à partir d'un matériau de contact à base d'argent, il est prévu selon l'invention de préparer un mélange pulvérulent d'argent et d'un oxyde de métal, et de le traiter selon un procédé de métallurgie des poudres, pour obtenir la pièce façonnée, l'oxyde de métal étant réduit en poudre. Les poudres d'oxyde de métal s'obtenant dans une granulation nettement plus fine que les poudres de métal, on peut obtenir un matériau de contact dont la grosseur granulaire moyenne du métal incorporé comme constituant actif est inférieure à 1 νm. Cette granulation fine confère à un matériau de contact de ce type des propriétés de commutation particulièrement avantageuses.
EP97914051A 1996-01-26 1997-01-13 Procede de production d'une piece faconnee a partir d'un materiau de contact a base d'argent Expired - Lifetime EP0876670B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19602812A DE19602812C1 (de) 1996-01-26 1996-01-26 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formstücks aus einem Kontaktwerkstoff auf Silberbasis und Formstück
DE19602812 1996-01-26
PCT/DE1997/000042 WO1997027601A2 (fr) 1996-01-26 1997-01-13 Procede de production d'une piece façonnee a partir d'un materiau de contact a base d'argent

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0876670A2 true EP0876670A2 (fr) 1998-11-11
EP0876670B1 EP0876670B1 (fr) 2002-05-15

Family

ID=7783773

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97914051A Expired - Lifetime EP0876670B1 (fr) 1996-01-26 1997-01-13 Procede de production d'une piece faconnee a partir d'un materiau de contact a base d'argent

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6001149A (fr)
EP (1) EP0876670B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11503559A (fr)
BR (1) BR9707202B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19602812C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2176718T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997027601A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3825275B2 (ja) * 2001-04-13 2006-09-27 株式会社日立製作所 電気接点部材とその製法
CN1820335A (zh) * 2004-06-18 2006-08-16 田中贵金属工业株式会社 密封式交流负荷用继电器以及其中使用的Ag系接点元件材料

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2145690A (en) * 1937-09-24 1939-01-31 Mallory & Co Inc P R Electric contact material
US2664618A (en) * 1944-04-22 1954-01-05 Fansteel Metallurgical Corp Electrical contact
US3135601A (en) * 1961-11-16 1964-06-02 Martin Marietta Corp Alumina-silver alloy
US3505065A (en) * 1968-08-12 1970-04-07 Talon Inc Method of making sintered and infiltrated refractory metal electrical contacts
GB1524074A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-09-06 Square D Co Electrically conductive composite materials
GB1536847A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-12-20 Square D Co Electrically conductive composite materials
US4361033A (en) * 1979-01-02 1982-11-30 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Method for selecting an additive for electrical contacts
US5286441A (en) * 1989-12-26 1994-02-15 Akira Shibata Silver-metal oxide composite material and process for producing the same
DE4117311A1 (de) * 1991-05-27 1992-12-03 Siemens Ag Kontaktwerkstoff auf silberbasis zur verwendung in schaltgeraeten der energietechnik
DE4117312A1 (de) * 1991-05-27 1992-12-03 Siemens Ag Kontaktwerkstoff auf silberbasis zur verwendung in schaltgeraeten der energietechnik sowie verfahren zur herstellung von kontaktstuecken aus diesem werkstoff
DE4331913A1 (de) * 1993-09-20 1995-03-23 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Verbinden von einer Kontaktauflage aus Silber-Metalloxid-Werkstoff mit einem metallischen Kontaktträger
JPH0896643A (ja) * 1994-09-28 1996-04-12 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 電気接点材料
DE19543223C1 (de) * 1995-11-20 1997-02-20 Degussa Silber-Eisen-Werkstoff für elektrische Schaltkontakte (III)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9727601A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11503559A (ja) 1999-03-26
DE19602812C1 (de) 1997-07-31
BR9707202B1 (pt) 2010-06-29
BR9707202A (pt) 1999-04-06
WO1997027601A3 (fr) 1997-10-09
WO1997027601A2 (fr) 1997-07-31
US6001149A (en) 1999-12-14
EP0876670B1 (fr) 2002-05-15
ES2176718T3 (es) 2002-12-01
DE59707280D1 (de) 2002-06-20

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