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EP0857104A1 - Pelletising device - Google Patents

Pelletising device

Info

Publication number
EP0857104A1
EP0857104A1 EP96934174A EP96934174A EP0857104A1 EP 0857104 A1 EP0857104 A1 EP 0857104A1 EP 96934174 A EP96934174 A EP 96934174A EP 96934174 A EP96934174 A EP 96934174A EP 0857104 A1 EP0857104 A1 EP 0857104A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
axis
openings
pelletizing device
pressing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96934174A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0857104B1 (en
Inventor
Raimund Falkner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0857104A1 publication Critical patent/EP0857104A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0857104B1 publication Critical patent/EP0857104B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/26—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using press rams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/20—Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring
    • B30B11/201—Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring for extruding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/20—Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring
    • B30B11/201—Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring for extruding material
    • B30B11/207—Feed means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/228—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using pressing means, e.g. rollers moving over a perforated die plate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pelletizing device for loose material, in particular dry waste material, with a hollow cylindrical housing that has an axis and a radial resistance generating radial openings in the housing wall, with a pressing element rotating about an axis in the housing, which with a rotating around the housing axis rotating drive element is provided, and with radially arranged radially to the axis of the extrusion press rams, which penetrate into the openings in the housing wall during the rotation of the extrusion element, pressing the material outwards, and withdrawing from the openings.
  • Such a pelletizing device is known for example from DE-B 1222895.
  • the housing is formed by a trough having the openings and a cover covering the trough.
  • the squeezing element has an axis of rotation parallel to the horizontal axis of the housing, and circles around the axis of the housing, so that the material fed into the tub is gradually pressed outwards by the ram through the housing openings.
  • a pelletizing device improved according to the invention is now characterized in that the axes of the housing and the extrusion element run vertically, and the openings in the housing wall are arranged uniformly distributed in at least one horizontal radial plane.
  • the material Due to the vertical arrangement of the housing axis and the drive element, the material is pressed horizontally on all sides into the openings distributed all around in the housing wall. This improves the distribution of the load on the individual parts of the device.
  • the squeezing element can be a non-circular, in particular elliptical body, which is connected to a central drive shaft and which moves and presses in the ram, which can be displaced radially to the housing axis.
  • a press ram is thus assigned to each opening of the housing.
  • the axis of the extrusion element is rotatably mounted on the drive element parallel to the housing axis and the extrusion element is rotatably mounted around the housing axis.
  • the drive element is a crank that rotates the extrusion element relative to the housing. In this way, a very high compression of the material can be achieved.
  • the press rams engage in the manner of a circumferential toothing of an eccentric gear wheel in the openings of the housing and effect the circular guidance of the extrusion element.
  • An additional gear can preferably be provided so that the press rams enter the openings of the housing with play and do not come into contact with the housing.
  • An advantageous embodiment consists in the fact that an externally toothed wheel connected to the pressing element is rotatably mounted on the drive element and rolls in an internally toothed ring fixed to the housing.
  • the ring is preferably designed as a roller chain fixed to the housing.
  • Such a gearbox has a very high reduction ratio with a small space requirement, which is based on the difference in the number of teeth.
  • the use of a roller chain as an internally toothed ring makes the gearbox cheaper, since no internal toothing has to be produced.
  • the housing-fixed fixation can be achieved particularly easily by using a two-track chain, one track representing the internal toothing and the second track surrounding a chain toothed ring which is attached to the housing.
  • the externally toothed gearwheel performs the same movement as the rotating extrusion element, so that the two parts can be directly connected.
  • a feed channel for the material to be pelletized opens into the space between the housing and the extrusion element above the press ram.
  • the feed channel can contain, for example, a driven screw conveyor.
  • a pressing element arranged in a circle can be provided with stirring blades, with which the supplied material is better distributed over the individual openings of the housing, so that a more uniform pelleting takes place. Since the device pelletizes in particular loose, dry material, in a further embodiment the press rams and the openings can also be arranged in several radial planes.
  • the press rams are preferably interchangeable and / or adjustable in length, the length setting changing the immersion depth in the openings, replaceable and / or length-adjustable nozzles are preferably used in the openings, their length setting changing the pressing resistance.
  • the nozzles can in particular consist of a material which is inert with respect to the material to be pelletized. The materials can thus be selected and also changed according to the requirements, in particular being corrosion-resistant, abrasion-resistant, etc. Stainless steel is particularly suitable for the press rams and hard bronze for the nozzles.
  • a pressing resistance is necessary for the pelleting, which of course must not be too high in order to avoid damage to the device.
  • a preferred embodiment therefore provides that an element regulating the pressure resistance is provided in the outlet area of each nozzle. If the pressure resistance becomes too high, the control element yields, which increases the outlet cross section and reduces the pressure resistance again.
  • the control element can protrude inwards in a particularly adjustable basic position, and is particularly elastically loaded. In order to facilitate the introduction of the material, in a further preferred embodiment the inlet area of the nozzle can extend up to the control element.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partially sectioned, diagonal view of essential parts of a first embodiment of the pelletizing device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an axial section through the embodiment according to FIG. 1
  • 3 shows an end view of an outlet nozzle for the pellets
  • Fig. 4 is an axial section through a second embodiment of an outlet nozzle
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic horizontal section through a second embodiment.
  • a relatively high compression of the waste material is required for pelletizing, in particular, dry waste material, for example cardboard or paper dust, wood chips, etc., into fuel.
  • Pellets from cardboard or paper dust should have a density of at least 1.3 kg / dm 3 , in particular 1.5 kg / dm 3 , which can be achieved with nozzles with a diameter of approximately 2 cm with pressing forces of 150 to 200 kN.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 A first embodiment of a pelletizing device is shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • a hollow cylindrical, device-fixed housing 1 has a vertical axis 5, and is closed at the bottom by a base plate 2 and at the top by a cover plate 25 (FIG. 2).
  • a drive element 4 has two bearing journals 3, which are mounted in the base plate 2 and the cover plate 25 centrally in the axis 5 of the housing 1.
  • a drive (not shown) is assigned to the upper bearing journal 3, but instead the lower bearing journal 3 can pass through the base plate 2 and a drive can be provided there.
  • the drive element 4 between the two journals 3 is cylindrical and has an axis 6 which runs parallel to the axis 5 of the housing 1 and the journals 3.
  • On the drive element 4, a likewise hollow cylindrical extrusion element 7 is rotatably mounted.
  • the press-out element 7 carries a lower ring of outwardly projecting press rams 9, which are adjustable in length in punch sleeves 8 fixed to the press-out element 7, an externally toothed wheel 22 at the upper end, and outwardly projecting wings 17.
  • the externally toothed wheel 22 engages due to the eccentric arrangement of the pressing element 7 only over part of its circumference into a housing-fixed internal toothing 23, so that the pressing element 7 does not rotate when the drive shaft 4 rotates about the housing axis 5, but rotates on the drive shaft 4 about its axis 6 and encircles the housing axis 5, the externally toothed wheel 22 rolling in the inner toothing 23.
  • the housing 1 has radial openings 10, into which nozzles 11 are inserted, at the level of the press ring. In the illustrated embodiment, the number of openings 10 is larger by one than the number of press rams 8, which gradually move into the rotation of the pressing element 7 Enter openings 10 and withdraw from them again.
  • Material is introduced laterally into the space 21 between the housing 1 and the extrusion element 7 through a feed channel 19, in particular equipped with a screw conveyor, above the ram 8 and by the circular movement of the extrusion element, supported by the protruding wings 17 all around
  • the press rams 9 each capture a small one
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show in detail a first embodiment of a nozzle 11 with a control element 12 which can be pivoted about an axis 13 and which is formed by a nozzle insert, the basic position of which can be adjusted by means of a handwheel 16.
  • the handwheel 16 is rotatably mounted in an approximately U-shaped or bracket-shaped bracket 15, the side legs of which penetrate or grasp the nozzle 11 and are supported on the opposite side by springs 14.
  • the nozzle insert which itself consists in particular of an elastic material, can be pivoted about the axis 13 in such a way that in the region of the axis 13 the passage cross section does not essentially change when the control element 12 dodges.
  • the area of the nozzle insert lying inwards from the axis 13 is chamfered or rounded (FIG. 2).
  • the lower bearing of the drive element 3 is covered by a sealing washer 18.
  • the lower bearing 20 of the press-out element 7 is covered by a seal 27 surrounding the drive element 4 against penetrating material.
  • a control element 31 is provided in the outlet area of the nozzle 11, which is formed by a sleeve made of plastic.
  • an expandable ring 32 is provided, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the sleeve.
  • a suitable rubber-elastic plastic can have a Shore hardness of 70 to 80, for example.
  • the ring 32 by one metallic ring 33 reinforced, which rests on the outside of the expandable ring 32 and on the
  • Nozzle 11 or on the housing 1 is fixed.
  • the externally toothed wheel 22 is preferably designed as a chain wheel, to which a track of a double roller chain is assigned as the internal toothing 23.
  • the second track of the double roller chain encloses a second externally toothed sprocket 24, which is fixed to the housing 1 via a support ring 28.
  • a seal 26 is also provided between the sprocket 24 and the wheel 22.
  • the press rams 9 are guided radially displaceably in a ring 30 fixed to the housing, and are also gradually pushed into the opening 10 and pulled out again by the rotating pressing element 7, so that the same insertion and pressing process is given.
  • the press rams 9 can be arranged on a flexible element in which the elliptical extrusion element 7 rolls. Furthermore, the press rams 9 could also be pushed in and out by means of a crankshaft-like drive.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a pelletising device for loose, dry waste material, which device has a rotationally fixed, hollow cylindrical housing (1) with a vertical axis (5) and a pressure member (7) which is provided with a drive member (4) rotating about the housing axis (5) inside the housing (1). Pressure tools (9) which project in the form of rays penetrate into radial housing (1) openings (10) producing a pressure resistance when the pressure member (7) is rotated; they withdraw from the openings (10), thereby pressing the material outwards.

Description

P e l l e t i e r v o r r i c h t u n g P e l l e t i e r v o r r i c h t u n g
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Pelletiervorrichtung für loses Material, insbesondere trockenes Abfallmaterial, mit einem hohlzylindrischen Gehäuse, das eine Achse und einen Preßwiderstand erzeugende radiale Öffnungen in der Gehäusewand aufweist, mit einem sich im Gehäuse um eine Achse drehenden Auspreßelement, das mit einem sich um die Gehäuseachse drehenden Antriebselement versehen ist, und mit radial zur Achse des Auspreßelementes strahlenförmig angeordneten Preßstempeln, die bei der Drehung des Auspreßelementes in die Öffnungen in der Gehäusewand eindringen, wobei sie das Material nach außen pressen, und sich aus den Öffnungen wieder zurückziehen.The invention relates to a pelletizing device for loose material, in particular dry waste material, with a hollow cylindrical housing that has an axis and a radial resistance generating radial openings in the housing wall, with a pressing element rotating about an axis in the housing, which with a rotating around the housing axis rotating drive element is provided, and with radially arranged radially to the axis of the extrusion press rams, which penetrate into the openings in the housing wall during the rotation of the extrusion element, pressing the material outwards, and withdrawing from the openings.
Eine derartige Pelletiervorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der DE-B 1222895 bekannt. Dort ist das Gehäuse durch eine die Öffnungen aufweisende Wanne und einen die Wanne abdeckender Deckel gebildet. Das Auspreßelement weist eine zur liegenden Gehäuseachse parallele Drehachse auf, und kreist um die Gehäuseachse, sodaß das in die Wanne zugeführte Material nach und nach von den Preßstempeln durch die Gehäuseöffnungen nach außen gedrückt wird.Such a pelletizing device is known for example from DE-B 1222895. There the housing is formed by a trough having the openings and a cover covering the trough. The squeezing element has an axis of rotation parallel to the horizontal axis of the housing, and circles around the axis of the housing, so that the material fed into the tub is gradually pressed outwards by the ram through the housing openings.
Eine erfindungsgemäß verbesserte Pelletiervorrichtung ist nun dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achsen des Gehäuses und des Auspreßelementes vertikal verlaufen, und die Öffnungen in der Gehäusewand in zumindest einer horizontalen Radialebene gleichmäßig verteilt angeordnet sind.A pelletizing device improved according to the invention is now characterized in that the axes of the housing and the extrusion element run vertically, and the openings in the housing wall are arranged uniformly distributed in at least one horizontal radial plane.
Durch die vertikale Anordnung der Gehäuseachse und des Antriebselementes wird das Material allseitig horizontal in die in der Gehäusewand rundum verteilten Öffnungen eingedrückt. Dies verbessert die Verteilung der Belastung auf die einzelnen Teile der Vorrichtung.Due to the vertical arrangement of the housing axis and the drive element, the material is pressed horizontally on all sides into the openings distributed all around in the housing wall. This improves the distribution of the load on the individual parts of the device.
Das Auspreßelement kann in einer ersten Ausführung ein mit einer zentrischen Antriebswelle verbundener unrunder, insbesondere elliptischer Körper sein, der radial zur Gehäuseachse verschiebbare Preßstempel aus- und einbewegt. Somit ist jeder Öffnung des Gehäuses ein Preßstempel zugeordnet. In einer bevorzugten zweiten Ausführung ist vorgesehen, daß die Achse des Auspreßelementes parallel zur Gehäuseachse und das Auspreßelement um die Gehäuseachse kreisend auf dem Antriebselement drehbar gelagert ist. In dieser Ausführung stellt das Antriebselement eine Kurbel dar, die das Auspreßelement relativ zum Gehäuse verdreht. Auf dies Weise läßt sich eine sehr hohe Verdichtung des Materials erzielen. Die Preßstempel greifen dabei in Art einer Umfangsverzahnung eines exzentrischen Getrieberades in die Öffnungen des Gehäuses ein und bewirken die kreisende Führung des Auspreßelementes.In a first embodiment, the squeezing element can be a non-circular, in particular elliptical body, which is connected to a central drive shaft and which moves and presses in the ram, which can be displaced radially to the housing axis. A press ram is thus assigned to each opening of the housing. In a preferred second embodiment it is provided that the axis of the extrusion element is rotatably mounted on the drive element parallel to the housing axis and the extrusion element is rotatably mounted around the housing axis. In this embodiment, the drive element is a crank that rotates the extrusion element relative to the housing. In this way, a very high compression of the material can be achieved. The press rams engage in the manner of a circumferential toothing of an eccentric gear wheel in the openings of the housing and effect the circular guidance of the extrusion element.
Bevorzugt kann ein zusätzliches Getriebe vorgesehen sein, damit die Preßstempel mit Spiel in die Öffnungen des Gehäuses eintreten und nicht mit dem Gehäuse in Berührung kommen. Eine vorteilhafte Ausführung besteht dabei darin, daß auf dem Antriebselement ein mit dem Auspreßelement verbundenes, außenverzahntes Rad drehbar gelagert ist, das in einem gehäusefesten innenverzahnten Ring abrollt. Der Ring ist vorzugsweise als gehäusefest fixierte Rollenkette ausgebildet. Ein derartiges Getriebe weist bei einem geringen Platzbedarf ein sehr hohes Untersetzungsverhältnis auf, das sich nach der Differenz der Zähnezahlen richtet. Die Verwendung einer Rollenkette als innenverzahnter Ring verbilligt das Getriebe, da keine Innennverzahnung hergestellt werden muß. Die gehäusefeste Fixierung läßt sich besonders einfach dadurch erreichen, daß eine zweispurige Kette verwendet wird, wobei eine Spur die Innenverzahnung darstellt und die zweite Spur einen Kettenzahnring umgibt, der am Gehäuse befestigt ist. Das außenverzahnte Getrieberad vollführt dieselbe Bewegung wie das kreisende Auspreßelement, sodaß die direkte Verbindung der beiden Teile möglich ist. Für die Zuführung des zu verpressenden Materials ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, daß oberhalb der Preßstempel ein Zuführkanal für das zu pelletierende Material in den Raum zwischen dem Gehäuse und dem Auspreßelement mündet. Der Zuführkanal kann beispielsweise eine angetrie¬ bene Förderschnecke enthalten.An additional gear can preferably be provided so that the press rams enter the openings of the housing with play and do not come into contact with the housing. An advantageous embodiment consists in the fact that an externally toothed wheel connected to the pressing element is rotatably mounted on the drive element and rolls in an internally toothed ring fixed to the housing. The ring is preferably designed as a roller chain fixed to the housing. Such a gearbox has a very high reduction ratio with a small space requirement, which is based on the difference in the number of teeth. The use of a roller chain as an internally toothed ring makes the gearbox cheaper, since no internal toothing has to be produced. The housing-fixed fixation can be achieved particularly easily by using a two-track chain, one track representing the internal toothing and the second track surrounding a chain toothed ring which is attached to the housing. The externally toothed gearwheel performs the same movement as the rotating extrusion element, so that the two parts can be directly connected. For the supply of the material to be pressed, it is preferably provided that a feed channel for the material to be pelletized opens into the space between the housing and the extrusion element above the press ram. The feed channel can contain, for example, a driven screw conveyor.
Ein kreisend angeordnetes Auspreßelement kann in einer weiteren Ausführung mit Rührflügeln versehen sein, mit denen das zugeführte Material besser auf die einzelnen Öffnungen des Gehäuses verteilt wird, sodaß eine gleichmäßigere Pelletierung erfolgt. Da die Vorrichtung insbesondere loses, trockenes Material pelletiert, können in einer weiteren Ausführung die Preßstempel und die Öffnungen auch in mehreren Radial¬ ebenen angeordnet sein.In a further embodiment, a pressing element arranged in a circle can be provided with stirring blades, with which the supplied material is better distributed over the individual openings of the housing, so that a more uniform pelleting takes place. Since the device pelletizes in particular loose, dry material, in a further embodiment the press rams and the openings can also be arranged in several radial planes.
Die Preßstempel sind bevorzugt auswechselbar und/oder in der Länge einstellbar vorgesehen, wobei die Längeneinstellung die Eintauchtiefe in die Öffnungen verändert, in die Öffnungen sind bevorzugt auswechselbare und/oder in der Länge einstellbare Düsen eingesetzt, wobei deren Längeneinstellung den Preßwiderstand verändert. Die Düsen können ebenso wie die Preßstempel insbesondere aus einem in bezug auf das zu pelletierende Material inerten Werkstoff bestehen. Die Materialien können damit den Anforderungen entsprechend ausgewählt und auch gewechselt werden, also insbesondere korrosionsfest, abriebfest usw. sein. So eignet sich für die Preßstempel besonders ein rostfreier Stahl und für die Düsen eine Hartbronze.The press rams are preferably interchangeable and / or adjustable in length, the length setting changing the immersion depth in the openings, replaceable and / or length-adjustable nozzles are preferably used in the openings, their length setting changing the pressing resistance. Like the press rams, the nozzles can in particular consist of a material which is inert with respect to the material to be pelletized. The materials can thus be selected and also changed according to the requirements, in particular being corrosion-resistant, abrasion-resistant, etc. Stainless steel is particularly suitable for the press rams and hard bronze for the nozzles.
Für die Pelletierung ist ein Preßwiderstand notwendig, der natürlich, um Beschädigungen der Vorrichtung zu vermeiden, nicht zu hoch werden darf. Eine bevorzugte Ausführung sieht daher vor, daß im Austrittsbereich jeder Düse ein den Preßwiderstand regelndes Element vorgesehen ist. Wird der Preßwiderstand zu hoch, so gibt das Regelelement nach, wodurch sich der Austrittsquerschnitt vergrößert und der Preßwiderstand wieder verringert wird. Das Regelelement kann in einer insbesondere einstellbaren Grundstellung nach innen vorstehen, und ist insbesondere elastisch beaufschlagt. Um die Einführung des Materials zu erleichtern, kann sich in einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung der Eintrittsbereich der Düse bis zum Regelelement hin erweitern.A pressing resistance is necessary for the pelleting, which of course must not be too high in order to avoid damage to the device. A preferred embodiment therefore provides that an element regulating the pressure resistance is provided in the outlet area of each nozzle. If the pressure resistance becomes too high, the control element yields, which increases the outlet cross section and reduces the pressure resistance again. The control element can protrude inwards in a particularly adjustable basic position, and is particularly elastically loaded. In order to facilitate the introduction of the material, in a further preferred embodiment the inlet area of the nozzle can extend up to the control element.
Nachstehend wird nun die Erfindung anhand der Figuren der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher beschrieben:The invention will now be described in more detail below with reference to the figures in the accompanying drawings:
Es zeigt:It shows:
Fig. 1 eine teilgeschnittene, schematische Schrägansicht wesentlicher Teile einer ersten Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Pelletiervorrichtung, Fig. 2 einen Axialschnitt durch die Ausführung nach Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 eine Stirnansicht einer Austrittsdüse für die Pellets,1 shows a partially sectioned, diagonal view of essential parts of a first embodiment of the pelletizing device according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows an axial section through the embodiment according to FIG. 1, 3 shows an end view of an outlet nozzle for the pellets,
Fig. 4 einen Axialschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführung einer Austrittsdüse, undFig. 4 is an axial section through a second embodiment of an outlet nozzle, and
Fig. 5 einen schematischen Horizontalschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführung.Fig. 5 is a schematic horizontal section through a second embodiment.
Für eine Pelletierung von insbesondere trockenem Abfallmaterial, beispielsweise von Karton- bzw. Papierstaub, Holzspänen usw. zu Brennmaterial, ist eine relativ hohe Verdichtung des Abfallmaterials erforderlich. Pellets aus Karton- bzw. Papierstaub sollten eine Dichte von mindestens 1 ,3 kg/dm3, insbesondere 1,5 kg/dm3 aufweisen, die bei Düsen mit etwa 2 cm Durchmesser mit Preßkräften von 150 bis 200 kN erzielbar ist.A relatively high compression of the waste material is required for pelletizing, in particular, dry waste material, for example cardboard or paper dust, wood chips, etc., into fuel. Pellets from cardboard or paper dust should have a density of at least 1.3 kg / dm 3 , in particular 1.5 kg / dm 3 , which can be achieved with nozzles with a diameter of approximately 2 cm with pressing forces of 150 to 200 kN.
Eine erste Ausführung einer Pelletiervorrichtung ist in den Fig. 1 bis 4 gezeigt. Ein hohlzylindrisches, vorrichtungsfestes Gehäuse 1 weist eine vertikale Achse 5 auf, und ist unten durch eine Bodenplatte 2 und oben durch eine Deckplatte 25 (Fig. 2) geschlossen. Ein Antriebselement 4 weist zwei Lagerzapfen 3 auf, die in der Bodenplatte 2 und der Deckplatte 25 zentrisch in der Achse 5 des Gehäuses 1 gelagert sind. Dem oberen Lagerzapfen 3 ist ein nicht gezeigter Antrieb zugeordnet, jedoch kann stattdessen der untere Lagerzapfen 3 die Bodenplatte 2 durchsetzen und dort ein Antrieb vorgesehen sein. Das Antriebselement 4 zwischen den beiden Lagerzapfen 3 ist zylindrisch und weist eine Achse 6 auf, die zur Achse 5 des Gehäuses 1 und der Lagerzapfen 3 parallel verläuft. Auf dem Antriebselement 4 ist ein ebenfalls hohlzylindrisches Auspreßelement 7 drehbar gelagert. Das Auspreßelement 7 trägt einen unteren Kranz von nach außen abstehenden Preßstempeln 9, die in am Auspreßelement 7 fixierten Stempelhülsen 8 in der Länge einstellbar gehalten sind, ein außenverzahntes Rad 22 am oberen Ende, und nach außen abstehende Flügel 17. Das außenverzahnte Rad 22 greift aufgrund der exzentrischen Anordnung des Auspreßelementes 7 nur über einen Teil seines Umfanges in eine gehäusefeste Innen¬ verzahnung 23 ein, sodaß das Auspreßelement 7 bei Drehung der Antriebswelle 4 um die Gehäuseachse 5 sich nicht mitdreht, sondern sich auf der Antriebswelle 4 um seine Achse 6 verdreht und die Gehäuseachse 5 umkreist, wobei das außenverzahnte Rad 22 in der Innenverzahnung 23 abrollt. Das Gehäuse 1 weist auf der Höhe des Pre߬ stempelkranzes radiale Öffnungen 10 auf, in die Düsen 11 eingesetzt sind. In der dargestellten Ausführung ist die Zahl der Öffnungen 10 um eins größer als die Zahl der Preßstempel 8, die bei der Drehung des Auspreßelementes 7 nach und nach in die Öffnungen 10 eintreten und sich wieder aus diesen zurückziehen. Das zu pelletierendeA first embodiment of a pelletizing device is shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. A hollow cylindrical, device-fixed housing 1 has a vertical axis 5, and is closed at the bottom by a base plate 2 and at the top by a cover plate 25 (FIG. 2). A drive element 4 has two bearing journals 3, which are mounted in the base plate 2 and the cover plate 25 centrally in the axis 5 of the housing 1. A drive (not shown) is assigned to the upper bearing journal 3, but instead the lower bearing journal 3 can pass through the base plate 2 and a drive can be provided there. The drive element 4 between the two journals 3 is cylindrical and has an axis 6 which runs parallel to the axis 5 of the housing 1 and the journals 3. On the drive element 4, a likewise hollow cylindrical extrusion element 7 is rotatably mounted. The press-out element 7 carries a lower ring of outwardly projecting press rams 9, which are adjustable in length in punch sleeves 8 fixed to the press-out element 7, an externally toothed wheel 22 at the upper end, and outwardly projecting wings 17. The externally toothed wheel 22 engages due to the eccentric arrangement of the pressing element 7 only over part of its circumference into a housing-fixed internal toothing 23, so that the pressing element 7 does not rotate when the drive shaft 4 rotates about the housing axis 5, but rotates on the drive shaft 4 about its axis 6 and encircles the housing axis 5, the externally toothed wheel 22 rolling in the inner toothing 23. The housing 1 has radial openings 10, into which nozzles 11 are inserted, at the level of the press ring. In the illustrated embodiment, the number of openings 10 is larger by one than the number of press rams 8, which gradually move into the rotation of the pressing element 7 Enter openings 10 and withdraw from them again. The one to be pelleted
Material wird in den Raum 21 zwischen dem Gehäuse 1 und dem Auspreßelement 7 seitlich durch einen insbesondere mit einer Förderschnecke bestückten Zuführkanal 19 oberhalb der Preßstempel 8 eingebracht und durch die kreisende Bewegung des Auspreßelementes, unterstützt durch die abstehenden Flügel 17 rundum auf alleMaterial is introduced laterally into the space 21 between the housing 1 and the extrusion element 7 through a feed channel 19, in particular equipped with a screw conveyor, above the ram 8 and by the circular movement of the extrusion element, supported by the protruding wings 17 all around
Öffnungen 10 des Gehäuses verteilt. Die Preßstempel 9 erfassen jeweils eine kleineDistributed openings 10 of the housing. The press rams 9 each capture a small one
Menge des zu pelletierenden Materials und führen es in die Öffnung 10 ein, wobei hier ausreichend Spiel vorhanden ist, sodaß die Preßstempel 9 die Ränder der Öffnungen nicht berühren. Die Öffnungen 10 erweitern sich dann zusätzlich nach außen, sodaß die Einbringung des Materials nicht behindert wird. Durch die Längeneinstellung der Preßstempel 9 läßt sich ihre Eintauchtiefe in die Öffnungen 10 einstellen. Erst im Austrittsbereich der in die Öffnungen 10 eingeschraubten Düsen 11 verjüngt sich der Durchtrittsquerschnitt und hier wird der erforderliche Preßwiderstand aufgebaut. Die Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen im Detail eine erste Ausführung einer Düse 11 mit einem um eine Achse 13 schwenkbaren Regelelement 12 für den Preßwiderstand, das durch einen Düseneinsatz gebildet ist, dessen Grundstellung mittels eines Handrades 16 einstellbar ist. Das Handrad 16 ist in einem etwa U- oder klammerförmigen Bügel 15 drehbar gelagert, dessen Seitenschenkel die Düse 11 durchsetzen oder umgreifen und sich an der gegenüberliegenden Seite über Federn 14 abstützen. Der insbesondere selbst aus einem elastischen Material bestehende Düseneinsatz ist dabei so um die Achse 13 schwenkbar, daß im Bereich der Achse 13 der Durchtrittsquerschnitt sich beim Ausweichen des Regelelementes 12 im wesentlichen nicht verändert. Zu diesem Zweck ist der von der Achse 13 nach innen liegende Bereich des Düseneinsatzes abgeschrägt bzw. gerundet (Fig. 2). Das untere Lager des Antriebselementes 3 ist durch eine Dichtscheibe 18 abgedeckt. Das untere Lager 20 des Auspreßelementes 7 ist durch eine das Antriebselement 4 umschließende Dichtung 27 gegen eindringendes Material abgedeckt.Amount of material to be pelletized and insert it into the opening 10, there being sufficient play here so that the press rams 9 do not touch the edges of the openings. The openings 10 then additionally widen outwards so that the introduction of the material is not hindered. The immersion depth in the openings 10 can be adjusted by the length adjustment of the press rams 9. It is only in the exit area of the nozzles 11 screwed into the openings 10 that the passage cross-section tapers and the required pressure resistance is built up here. 2 and 3 show in detail a first embodiment of a nozzle 11 with a control element 12 which can be pivoted about an axis 13 and which is formed by a nozzle insert, the basic position of which can be adjusted by means of a handwheel 16. The handwheel 16 is rotatably mounted in an approximately U-shaped or bracket-shaped bracket 15, the side legs of which penetrate or grasp the nozzle 11 and are supported on the opposite side by springs 14. The nozzle insert, which itself consists in particular of an elastic material, can be pivoted about the axis 13 in such a way that in the region of the axis 13 the passage cross section does not essentially change when the control element 12 dodges. For this purpose, the area of the nozzle insert lying inwards from the axis 13 is chamfered or rounded (FIG. 2). The lower bearing of the drive element 3 is covered by a sealing washer 18. The lower bearing 20 of the press-out element 7 is covered by a seal 27 surrounding the drive element 4 against penetrating material.
In der Ausführung nach Fig. 4 ist im Austrittsbereich der Düse 11 ein Regelelement 31 vorgesehen, das durch eine Hülse aus Kunststoff gebildet ist. Am Austrittsende der Hülse ist ein aufweitbarer Ring 32 vorgesehen, dessen Innendurchmesser kleiner als der Durchmesser der Hülse ist. Ein geeigneter gummielastischer Kunststoff kann beispielsweise eine Shore-Härte von 70 bis 80 aufweisen. Der Ring 32 durch einen metallischen Ring 33 verstärkt, der außen am aufweitbaren Ring 32 anliegt und an derIn the embodiment according to FIG. 4, a control element 31 is provided in the outlet area of the nozzle 11, which is formed by a sleeve made of plastic. At the outlet end of the sleeve an expandable ring 32 is provided, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the sleeve. A suitable rubber-elastic plastic can have a Shore hardness of 70 to 80, for example. The ring 32 by one metallic ring 33 reinforced, which rests on the outside of the expandable ring 32 and on the
Düse 11 bzw. am Gehäuse 1 fixiert ist.Nozzle 11 or on the housing 1 is fixed.
Das außenverzahnte Rad 22 ist bevorzugt als Kettenrad ausgebildet, dem als Innenverzahnung 23 eine Spur einer Doppelrollenkette zugeordnet ist. Die zweite Spur der Doppelrollenkette umschließt ein zweites außenverzahntes Kettenzahnrad 24, das über einen Tragring 28 am Gehäuse 1 fixiert ist. Zwischen dem Kettenzahnrad 24 und dem Rad 22 ist ebenfalls eine Dichtung 26 vorgesehen.The externally toothed wheel 22 is preferably designed as a chain wheel, to which a track of a double roller chain is assigned as the internal toothing 23. The second track of the double roller chain encloses a second externally toothed sprocket 24, which is fixed to the housing 1 via a support ring 28. A seal 26 is also provided between the sprocket 24 and the wheel 22.
Die Ausführung nach Fig. 5, die nur in ihren Grundmerkmalen dargestellt ist, zeigt ein Auspreßelement 7, das eine elliptische Form aufweist, und zwei um 180° versetzte Doppelnocken bildet, die von einem um die Gehäuseachse 5 drehbaren Antriebselement 4 angetrieben werden, wobei die Achse 6 des Auspreßelementes 7 koaxial in der Gehäuseachse liegt. In dieser Ausführung sind die Preßstempel 9 in einem gehäusefesten Ring 30 radial verschiebbar geführt, und werden von dem sich drehenden Auspreßelement 7 ebenfalls nach und nach in die Öffnung 10 eingedrückt und wieder herausgezogen, sodaß derselbe Einführ- und Preßvorgang gegeben ist. Die Preßstempel 9 können an einem flexiblen Element angeordnet sein, in dem das elliptische Auspreßelement 7 abrollt. Weiters könnten die Preßstempel 9 auch mittels eines kurbelwellenartigen Antriebs aus- und eingeschoben werden. 5, which is only shown in its basic features, shows an extrusion element 7, which has an elliptical shape, and forms two 180 ° offset double cams, which are driven by a rotatable about the housing axis 5 drive element 4, the Axis 6 of the squeezing element 7 lies coaxially in the housing axis. In this embodiment, the press rams 9 are guided radially displaceably in a ring 30 fixed to the housing, and are also gradually pushed into the opening 10 and pulled out again by the rotating pressing element 7, so that the same insertion and pressing process is given. The press rams 9 can be arranged on a flexible element in which the elliptical extrusion element 7 rolls. Furthermore, the press rams 9 could also be pushed in and out by means of a crankshaft-like drive.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Pelletiervomchtung für loses Material, insbesondere trockenes Abfallmaterial, mit einem hohlzylindrischen Gehäuse (1), das eine Achse (5) und einen Preßwiderstand erzeugende radiale Öffnungen (10) in der Gehäusewand aufweist, mit einem sich im Gehäuse (1) um eine Achse (6) drehenden Auspreßelement (7), das mit einem sich um die Gehäuseachse (5) drehenden Antriebselement (4) versehen ist, und mit radial zur Achse (6) des Auspreßelementes (7) strahlenförmig angeordneten Preßstempeln (9), die bei der Drehung des Auspreßelementes (7) in die Öffnungen (10) in der Gehäusewand (1) eindringen, wobei sie das Material nach außen pressen, und sich aus den Öffnungen (10) wieder zurückziehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achsen (5, 6) des Gehäuses (1) und des Auspreßelementes (7) vertikal verlaufen, und die Öffnungen (10) in der Gehäusewand in zumindest einer horizontalen Radialebene gleichmäßig verteilt angeordnet sind.1. Pelletiervomchtung for loose material, in particular dry waste material, with a hollow cylindrical housing (1) which has an axis (5) and a pressure resistance generating radial openings (10) in the housing wall, with one in the housing (1) around an axis (6) rotating extrusion element (7), which is provided with a drive element (4) rotating about the housing axis (5), and with radially arranged to the axis (6) of the extrusion element (7) radiating press rams (9), which at Rotation of the squeezing element (7) penetrate into the openings (10) in the housing wall (1), pressing the material outwards and withdrawing from the openings (10), characterized in that the axes (5, 6) of the housing (1) and the squeezing element (7) run vertically, and the openings (10) in the housing wall are arranged uniformly distributed in at least one horizontal radial plane.
2. Pelletiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achse (6) des Auspreßelementes (7) parallel zur Gehäuseachse (5) ist, und das Auspreßelement (7) um die Gehäuseachse (5) kreisend auf dem Antriebselement (4) drehbar gelagert ist.2. Pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis (6) of the extrusion element (7) is parallel to the housing axis (5), and the extrusion element (7) about the housing axis (5) rotatably mounted on the drive element (4) is.
3. Pelletiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem kreisend angeordneten Auspreßelement (7) Flügel zum Verteilen des losen Materials im Gehäuse (1) zugeordnet sind.3. Pelletizing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the circularly arranged pressing element (7) are assigned wings for distributing the loose material in the housing (1).
4. Pelletiervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß oberhalb der Preßstempel (9) ein Zuführkanal (19) für das zu pelletierende Material in den Raum (21) zwischen dem Gehäuse (1) und dem Auspreßelement (7) mündet.4. Pelletizing device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that above the press ram (9) opens a feed channel (19) for the material to be pelletized in the space (21) between the housing (1) and the pressing element (7) .
5. Pelletiervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auswechselbare und/oder in der Länge einstellbare Preßstempel (9) vorgesehen sind. 5. Pelletizing device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that replaceable and / or adjustable in length ram (9) are provided.
6. Pelletiervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Öffnungen (10) auswechselbare und/oder in der Länge einstellbare6. Pelleting device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the openings (10) interchangeable and / or adjustable in length
Düsen (11) eingesetzt sind.Nozzles (11) are used.
7. Pelletiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Austrittsbereich jeder Düse (11) ein den Preßwiderstand regelndes Element (12, 31) vorgesehen ist.7. Pelletizing device according to claim 6, characterized in that in the outlet region of each nozzle (11) a pressure resistance regulating element (12, 31) is provided.
8. Pelletiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düsen (11) einen sich bis zum Regelelement (12, 31) nach außen erweiternden8. Pelletizing device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the nozzles (11) an up to the control element (12, 31) widening outwards
Querschnitt aufweisen.Have cross-section.
9. Pelletiervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düse (11) und/oder das Regelelement (12, 31) aus einem in bezug auf das zu pelletierende Material inerten Werkstoff besteht.9. Pelletizing device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the nozzle (11) and / or the control element (12, 31) consists of an inert material with respect to the material to be pelletized.
ERSATZBLAπ (REGEL 26) REPLACEMENT BLAπ (RULE 26)
EP96934174A 1995-10-27 1996-10-25 Pelletising device Expired - Lifetime EP0857104B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0177695A AT403442B (en) 1995-10-27 1995-10-27 PELLETIZING DEVICE
AT1776/95 1995-10-27
PCT/AT1996/000206 WO1997016305A1 (en) 1995-10-27 1996-10-25 Pelletising device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0857104A1 true EP0857104A1 (en) 1998-08-12
EP0857104B1 EP0857104B1 (en) 1999-04-07

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ID=3520742

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EP96934174A Expired - Lifetime EP0857104B1 (en) 1995-10-27 1996-10-25 Pelletising device

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EP (1) EP0857104B1 (en)
AT (1) AT403442B (en)
AU (1) AU7265296A (en)
DE (1) DE59601625D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997016305A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1286891B1 (en) * 1996-12-04 1998-07-17 Oma Srl EQUIPMENT FOR COMPACTING SOLID MATERIALS
DE19836467C2 (en) * 1998-08-12 2000-11-09 Herbert Huettlin Method and device for producing extrudate particles by punching
CH708606B1 (en) 2013-09-26 2017-07-31 Wettstein Karl Pelletizer.
DK178681B1 (en) * 2015-05-07 2016-11-07 C F Nielsen As Apparatus for production of compressed biomass members and method for start-up of the apparatus
CN107009661B (en) * 2017-04-28 2020-02-11 内蒙古科技大学 Slider plunger type biomass forming machine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR954689A (en) * 1950-01-04
FR875544A (en) * 1941-05-19 1942-09-25 Olier Sa Ets A Agglomerate press
FR918288A (en) * 1945-08-07 1947-02-04 Further training provided to the sectors, in particular to the sectors for agglomerate presses
DE1226354B (en) * 1961-04-13 1966-10-06 John Deere Lanz Ag Feed cake press for agricultural crops such as hay or the like.
DE1222895B (en) * 1963-08-12 1966-08-18 Max Weber Device for the production of granules
US3490390A (en) * 1968-02-06 1970-01-20 Randmaker Implements Proprieta Pelleting machines
FR2059837A5 (en) * 1970-06-25 1971-06-04 Gondard Sa Forming granulates from forage as cattle food
DK140512B (en) * 1976-11-16 1979-09-24 Arne Moeller Press to shred the cells in green crops.
EP0126485A1 (en) * 1983-05-24 1984-11-28 Johann Sulzberger Pellet press

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO9716305A1 *

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AU7265296A (en) 1997-05-22
DE59601625D1 (en) 1999-05-12
WO1997016305A1 (en) 1997-05-09
ATA177695A (en) 1997-07-15
AT403442B (en) 1998-02-25
EP0857104B1 (en) 1999-04-07

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