EP0772502B1 - Process for producing conical gears and a device for carrying out said process - Google Patents
Process for producing conical gears and a device for carrying out said process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0772502B1 EP0772502B1 EP95927712A EP95927712A EP0772502B1 EP 0772502 B1 EP0772502 B1 EP 0772502B1 EP 95927712 A EP95927712 A EP 95927712A EP 95927712 A EP95927712 A EP 95927712A EP 0772502 B1 EP0772502 B1 EP 0772502B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- toothing
- forming
- tool
- stage
- extrusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the production of bevel gears with Ready-to-install gearing in which the gears through a multi-stage forming in a vertically closing multi-stage press are shaped and in which the shaping of the Interlocking is done by cross extrusion.
- she furthermore concerns one for the implementation of the Appropriate vertically closing procedure Multi-stage press, the shape of the Interlocking is done by cross extrusion.
- the object of the present invention is a Method of manufacturing bevel gears with ready-to-install gearing to create that a significantly higher production rate and thereby reducing manufacturing costs for corresponding bevel gears.
- the tooth flank shape should be compared with known manufacturing process at least the have the same quality.
- this is Task by the specified in claim 1 Manufacturing process and the apparatus for producing Bevel gears released.
- An essential feature of the present The invention is thus that the shape of the Teeth through cross extrusion inside a multi-stage, in a vertically closing Multi-stage press performed forming process takes place, which is the gearing forming cross extrusion begins before the tool halves are closed.
- the manufacturing rate can be significant compared to known methods increase.
- This procedure is made possible in that the surface hardness of the Dies at least 50 Rockwell; ever according to the geometry of the engraving in particular also carbide dies or with Tungsten carbide coated dies or dies made of ceramic materials come.
- Another basic requirement is the cooling adapted to the die geometry the die engraving to ensure a balanced Temperature balance, as well as the Attachment and design of die vents to improve the tooth filling with lowering of the internal pressure in the die.
- the die life can be thereby reducing the manufacturing costs of Increase bevel gears by adding the Formation of the gear extrusion tool to form a variable Radius formed from tooth to heel of the toothing is. Contributes to the same result also when the cross flow press tool for Formation of one or more transition radii trained to the active tooth flank of the toothing is. Another advantage that stands out by the two characteristics specified above results in an increase in load capacity of the finished gear.
- the method according to the invention can be in the range the usual forging temperature of 1000 ° - 1250 ° C, in the same way at room temperature or in the semi-warm temperature range (approx. 600 ° -950 ° C).
- the use of a vertically closing one Multi-stage press leads to one particularly wide range of possible sequences of Forming stages.
- the method according to the invention is characterized by a particularly high Flexibility and is suitable for this Way of making bevel gears different designs. Especially can after shearing the blank and before the cross extrusion for shaping the toothing one or more preforming steps be performed. Before or after cross extrusion can the workpiece beyond be punched. Also, one is special preferred further development of the procedure, the following sequence of steps is possible: scissors-preforming-cup-punching-cross extrusion.
- the number the deformation stages in the invention Procedure depending on the required gear quality selected will. By an appropriate number of Deformation levels leaves, for example Gear quality of at least 9 according to DIN Reach 3965.
- Procedure used vertically closing Multi-stage press is the closing gap on the back Tool expediently such designed that by the spherical dome shape caused horizontal force component in the Stamp is compensated.
- the stamp shape is designed so that the edge does not break away.
- the sizing of the stamp is on the by the spherical spherical shape caused horizontal Forces matched.
- the invention is the cross flow press tool the vertically closing multi-stage press for forming a toothing trained, the radius of the foot from Module depends.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kegelzahnrädern mit einbaufertiger Verzahnung, bei dem die Zahnräder durch eine mehrstufige Umformung in einer vertikal schließenden Mehrstufenpresse geformt werden und bei dem die Ausformung der Verzahnung durch Querfließpressen erfolgt. Sie betrifft desweiteren eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete vertikal schließende Mehrstufenpresse, wobei die Ausformung der Verzahnung durch Querfließpressen erfolgt.The present invention relates to a method for the production of bevel gears with Ready-to-install gearing in which the gears through a multi-stage forming in a vertically closing multi-stage press are shaped and in which the shaping of the Interlocking is done by cross extrusion. she furthermore concerns one for the implementation of the Appropriate vertically closing procedure Multi-stage press, the shape of the Interlocking is done by cross extrusion.
Es ist bekannt, Kegelzahnräder durch Schmieden im halbwarmen oder warmen Zustand herzustellen. Ein derartiges Schmiedeverfahren, bei dem die Kegelradform in einem Arbeitsgang in einem Schmiedegesenk erzeugt wird, ist beispielsweise in der europäischen Patentanmeldung 275561 beschrieben. In dem Aufsatz "Halbwarmfließpressen kombiniert mit Kaltfließpressen" (Werkstatt und Betrieb 126(1993) September, Hr. 9, S. 557-560) ist ein mehrstufiges Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art beschrieben. Das Formpressen der Verzahnung erfolgt halbwarm, wobei in der entsprechenden Fertigungsstufe der Werkstoff, nachdem das Werkzeug geschlossen worden ist, durch einen in das geschlossene Werkzeug eindringenden Stempel in die noch freie Zahngravur hinein verdrängt wird (a.a.O., S. 559, re. Sp.). Auch das Herstellen von Kegelzahnrädern durch Kaltumformen ist bekannt. Bekannt sind schließlich auch Verfahren, bei denen Schmieden und Kaltumformen miteinander kombiniert sind.It is known to forge bevel gears To be produced in a semi-warm or warm state. Such a forging process in which the bevel gear shape in one operation in one Forging die is produced, for example in the European patent application 275561. In the essay "Semi-hot extrusion combined with Cold extrusion "(workshop and operation 126 (1993) September, Mr. 9, pp. 557-560) a multi-stage process of the beginning described type. The compression molding of the Toothing takes place semi-warm, whereby in the corresponding manufacturing stage of the material, after the tool has been closed, through one in the closed tool penetrating stamp in the still free tooth engraving is pushed into it (loc. cit., p. 559, re. Sp.). The manufacture of bevel gears through cold forming is known. Known After all, there are also procedures in which Forging and cold forming with each other are combined.
Die bekannten Herstellungsverfahren sind hinsichtlich ihrer Produktivität begrenzt. Übliche Herstellungsraten beim Schmieden sind etwa 20 Werkstücke pro Minute; beim Kaltumformen sind es etwa doppelt so viele.The known manufacturing processes are limited in productivity. Usual manufacturing rates for forging are about 20 workpieces per minute; cold forming there are about twice as many.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kegelzahnrädern mit einbaufertiger Verzahnung zu schaffen, das eine deutlich höhere Herstellungsrate und hierdurch eine Senkung der Herstellungskosten für entsprechende Kegelzahnräder zuläßt. Dabei soll die Zahnflankenausformung verglichen mit bekannten Herstellungsverfahren mindestens die selbe Qualität aufweisen.The object of the present invention is a Method of manufacturing bevel gears with ready-to-install gearing to create that a significantly higher production rate and thereby reducing manufacturing costs for corresponding bevel gears. Here the tooth flank shape should be compared with known manufacturing process at least the have the same quality.
Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch das in Anspruch 1 angegebene Herstellverfahren und die in Anspruch 7 augsgebene Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Kegelzahnrädern gelöst. Ein wesentliches Merkmal der vorliegenden Erfindung ist somit, daß die Ausformung der Verzahnung durch Querfließpressen innerhalb eines mehrstufigen, in einer vertikal schließenden Mehrstufenpresse durchgeführten Umformverfahrens erfolgt, wobei das die Verzahnung ausformende Querfließpressen beginnt, bevor die Werkzeughälften geschlossen sind. Auf diese Weise läßt sich die Herstellungsrate gegenüber bekannten Verfahren bedeutend steigern. Ermöglicht wird diese Verfahrensführung dadurch, daß die Oberflächenhärte der Gesenke mindestens 50 Rockwell beträgt; je nach Geometrie der Gravur können dabei insbesondere auch Hartmetallgesenke oder mit Hartmetall beschichtete Gesenke oder Gesenke aus keramischen Werkstoffen zum Einsatz kommen. Eine weitere Grundvoraussetzung ist die an die Gesenkgeometrie angepaßte Kühlung der Gesenkgravur zur Sicherstellung eines ausgeglichenen Temperaturhaushaltes, sowie die Anbringung und Gestaltung von Gesenkentlüftungen zur Verbesserung der Verzahnungsfüllung mit Erniedrigung des Gesenkinnendruckes. Die Gesenklebensdauer läßt sich dabei zur Senkung der Herstellkosten der Kegelzahnräder weiter steigern, indem das der Ausformung der Verzahnung dienende QuerfließPreßwerkzeug zur Ausformung eines variablen Radius von Zahn zur Ferse der Verzahnung ausgebildet ist. Zu dem gleichen Ergebnis trägt auch bei, wenn das Querfließ-Preßwerkzeug zur Ausformung eines oder mehrerer Übergangsradien zur aktiven Zahnflanke der Verzahnung ausgebildet ist. Ein weiterer Vorteil, der sich durch die beiden vorstehend angegebenen Merkmale ergibt, ist eine Zunahme der Tragfähigkeit des fertigen Zahnrades.According to the present invention, this is Task by the specified in claim 1 Manufacturing process and the apparatus for producing Bevel gears released. An essential feature of the present The invention is thus that the shape of the Teeth through cross extrusion inside a multi-stage, in a vertically closing Multi-stage press performed forming process takes place, which is the gearing forming cross extrusion begins before the tool halves are closed. On this way the manufacturing rate can be significant compared to known methods increase. This procedure is made possible in that the surface hardness of the Dies at least 50 Rockwell; ever according to the geometry of the engraving in particular also carbide dies or with Tungsten carbide coated dies or dies made of ceramic materials come. Another basic requirement is the cooling adapted to the die geometry the die engraving to ensure a balanced Temperature balance, as well as the Attachment and design of die vents to improve the tooth filling with lowering of the internal pressure in the die. The die life can be thereby reducing the manufacturing costs of Increase bevel gears by adding the Formation of the gear extrusion tool to form a variable Radius formed from tooth to heel of the toothing is. Contributes to the same result also when the cross flow press tool for Formation of one or more transition radii trained to the active tooth flank of the toothing is. Another advantage that stands out by the two characteristics specified above results in an increase in load capacity of the finished gear.
Als besonders günstig hat sich herausgestellt, wenn das Querfließpressen zur Ausformung der Verzahnung nach etwa 75 % der Schließbewegung der Werkzeughälften beginnt. Bei einer derartigen Verfahrensführung ergibt sich im allgemeinen ein Optimalwert aus Zeitersparnis einerseits und Fertigungsgenauigkeit andererseits.It turned out to be particularly cheap if the cross extrusion to form the Interlocking after about 75% of the closing movement of the tool halves begins. At a Such procedure results in generally an optimal value from time saving on the one hand and manufacturing accuracy on the other.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann im Bereich der üblichen Schmiedetemperatur von 1000° - 1250°C, in gleicher Weise bei Raumtemperatur oder aber im halbwarmen Temperaturbereich (ca. 600°-950°C) durchgeführt werden.The method according to the invention can be in the range the usual forging temperature of 1000 ° - 1250 ° C, in the same way at room temperature or in the semi-warm temperature range (approx. 600 ° -950 ° C).
Die Verwendung einer vertikal schließenden Mehrstufenpresse führt zu einer besonders großen Bandbreite von möglichen Abfolgen von Umformstufen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich somit durch eine besonders hohe Flexibilität aus und eignet sich auf diese Weise zur Herstellung von Kegelzahnrädern unterschiedlichster Gestaltungen. Insbesondere können nach dem Abscheren des Rohlings und vor dem Querfließpressen zur Ausformung der Verzahnung ein oder mehrere Vorformschritte durchgeführt werden. Vor oder nach dem Querfließpressen kann das Werkstück darüberhinaus gelocht werden. Auch ist, bei einer besonders bevorzugten Weiterbilung des Verfahrens, die folgende Schrittfolge möglich: Scheren-Vorformen-Napfen-Lochen-Querfließpressen. Die Zahl der Verformungsstufen kann bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in Abhängigkeit von der geforderten Verzahnungsqualität gewählt werden. Durch eine entsprechende Anzahl von Verformungsstufen läßt beispielsweise eine Verzahnungsqualität von mindestens 9 nach DIN 3965 erreichen.The use of a vertically closing one Multi-stage press leads to one particularly wide range of possible sequences of Forming stages. The method according to the invention is characterized by a particularly high Flexibility and is suitable for this Way of making bevel gears different designs. Especially can after shearing the blank and before the cross extrusion for shaping the toothing one or more preforming steps be performed. Before or after cross extrusion can the workpiece beyond be punched. Also, one is special preferred further development of the procedure, the the following sequence of steps is possible: scissors-preforming-cup-punching-cross extrusion. The number the deformation stages in the invention Procedure depending on the required gear quality selected will. By an appropriate number of Deformation levels leaves, for example Gear quality of at least 9 according to DIN Reach 3965.
Bei der zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens verwendeten vertikal schließenden Mehrstufenpresse ist der Schließspalt am rückseitigen Werkzeug zweckmäßigerweise derart gestaltet, daß der durch die sphärische Kalottenform verursachte horizontale Kraftanteil im Stempel kompensiert wird. Die Stempelform ist dabei so ausgebildet, daß die Kante nicht weg-bricht. Mit anderen Worten, die Dimensionierung des Stempels ist auf die durch die sphärische Kalottenform verursachten horizontalen Kräfte abgestimmt.In the implementation of the invention Procedure used vertically closing Multi-stage press is the closing gap on the back Tool expediently such designed that by the spherical dome shape caused horizontal force component in the Stamp is compensated. The stamp shape is designed so that the edge does not break away. In other words, the sizing of the stamp is on the by the spherical spherical shape caused horizontal Forces matched.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Querfließ-Preßwerkzeug der vertikal schließenden Mehrstufenpresse zur Ausformung einer Verzahnung ausgebildet, deren Fußausrundungsradius vom Modul abhängt.According to a further preferred embodiment the invention is the cross flow press tool the vertically closing multi-stage press for forming a toothing trained, the radius of the foot from Module depends.
Claims (11)
- Process for producing bevel gears with toothing ready for installation, in which the gears are formed by a multi-stage deformation in a vertically closing multi-stage press and in which the forming of the toothing takes place by transverse extrusion, characterized in that with a surface hardness of the dies of at least 50 Rockwell, the tranzverse extrusion serving for the forming of the toothing begins, before the tool halves are closed.
- Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the transverze extruzion for forming the toothing begins with the tool halves approximately 3/4 closed.
- Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that due to a corresponding construction of the closing gap on the rear tool, the horizontal force component caused by the spherical indentation shape is compensated for in the punch.
- Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the deformation takes place with cold or semi-warm material.
- Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one pre-forming step precedes the tranzverze extrusion.
- Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bevel gears are perforated in an intermediate stage.
- Vertically closing multi-stage press for producing bevel gears with toothing ready for installation, by multi-stage deformation, the forming of the toothing taking place by transverse extrusion, characterized in that the dies have a surface hardness of at least 50 Rockwell and are constructed so that the transverse extruzion serving for the forming of the toothing begins, before the tool halves are closed.
- Vertically closing multi-stage press according to Claim 7, characterised in that the transverse extrusion tool is constructed for the formation of toothing, whereof the rounding radius of the foot depends on the modulus.
- Vertically closing multi-stage press according to Claim 7, characterised in that the transverse extrusion tool is constructed for forming a variable radius from tooth to heel of the toothing.
- Vertically closing multi-stage press according to Claim 7, characterised in that the transverse extrusion tool is constructed for forming one or more transition radii to the active tooth flank of the toothing.
- Vertically closing multi-stage press according to Claim 7, characterised in that the transverse extrusion tool comprises one or more ventilation bores in the toothing engraving on each tooth shape so that gases and coolant residues can escape, but no escape of the material or a representation of the ventilation occurs on the workpiece.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4426180A DE4426180A1 (en) | 1994-07-23 | 1994-07-23 | Method for producing bevel gears and device for carrying out the method |
DE4426180 | 1994-07-23 | ||
PCT/EP1995/002914 WO1996003235A1 (en) | 1994-07-23 | 1995-07-24 | Process for producing conical gears and a device for carrying out said process |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0772502A1 EP0772502A1 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
EP0772502B1 true EP0772502B1 (en) | 1998-05-27 |
Family
ID=6524000
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95927712A Expired - Lifetime EP0772502B1 (en) | 1994-07-23 | 1995-07-24 | Process for producing conical gears and a device for carrying out said process |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0772502B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4426180A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996003235A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005024908A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Bevel gear e.g. differential gear, manufacturing method, involves cold working end contour of toothing, mechanically finishing bevel gear and implementing hardening of bevel gear in form of tumbel press |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10047467C5 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2009-08-06 | Schuler Pressen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus and method for forming, in particular with hydraulic closing device |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2393628A (en) * | 1943-04-10 | 1946-01-29 | Timken Axle Co Detroit | Gear and method of making it |
US3675459A (en) * | 1971-02-03 | 1972-07-11 | Fritz Dohmann | Method for manufacturing bevel gears |
DE2219856B2 (en) * | 1972-04-22 | 1974-07-18 | Bayrisches Leichtmetallwerk Graf Bluecher Von Wahlstatt Kg, 8000 Muenchen | Process for the production of sintered forged workpieces forged in one operation |
-
1994
- 1994-07-23 DE DE4426180A patent/DE4426180A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-07-24 DE DE59502358T patent/DE59502358D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-24 EP EP95927712A patent/EP0772502B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-24 WO PCT/EP1995/002914 patent/WO1996003235A1/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005024908A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Bevel gear e.g. differential gear, manufacturing method, involves cold working end contour of toothing, mechanically finishing bevel gear and implementing hardening of bevel gear in form of tumbel press |
DE102005024908B4 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2017-11-09 | Volkswagen Ag | Method for producing a bevel gear |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59502358D1 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
WO1996003235A1 (en) | 1996-02-08 |
DE4426180A1 (en) | 1996-01-25 |
EP0772502A1 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
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