EP0764408A2 - Method and apparatus for depleting tobacco ribs of nitrate - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for depleting tobacco ribs of nitrate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0764408A2 EP0764408A2 EP96111618A EP96111618A EP0764408A2 EP 0764408 A2 EP0764408 A2 EP 0764408A2 EP 96111618 A EP96111618 A EP 96111618A EP 96111618 A EP96111618 A EP 96111618A EP 0764408 A2 EP0764408 A2 EP 0764408A2
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- solvent
- housing
- tobacco
- chamber
- ribs
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 23
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001611556 Pluchea odorata Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the depletion of nitrate from tobacco stems of the type defined by the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for carrying out this method.
- soluble and undesirable materials contained in the tobacco ribs such as. As nitrate salts, be removed from these before the tobacco stems are processed into smokable products.
- water or steam is usually sprayed onto the tobacco ribs in several stages, and the tobacco ribs are temporarily stored between the individual stages of the spray treatment. Then they are crushed, if necessary sauceed and dried.
- the disadvantage of this method is the long treatment time for the tobacco stems.
- DE 34 19 655 C2 describes a process for producing a low-nitrate tobacco product by extracting soluble constituents from a tobacco type, the tobacco type first being combined with a solvent in a known manner in order to produce a slurry. Then, most of the solvent with the solutes is removed from the slurry, leaving the solvent-saturated tobacco, after which some of the solutes are separated from the solvent and at least a portion of the solvent is recycled to produce another tobacco-solvent slurry . This process is carried out under atmospheric conditions.
- the following effect can be achieved by the process according to the invention: If tobacco stems are continuously mixed in a solvent bath, while the prevailing pressure is raised to a level above normal atmospheric pressure or is already raised, rapid depletion takes place of nitrate from the tobacco stems into the solvent instead. This nitrate depletion is up to 80% and can take place within 1 to 6 minutes.
- Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that a large number of parameters can be set, so that the quantity of nitrate depleted from the tobacco ribs can be determined relatively precisely if the method is suitably parameterized.
- the tobacco pipe ribs are also quickly moistened during this treatment, i.e. within 1 to 6 minutes, so that, depending on the selected process conditions, they immediately have cutting moisture or the cutting moisture can be adjusted after subsequent treatment without dust accumulating and thus a considerable loss of material.
- These moistened tobacco ribs for example from Burley tobacco, with a moisture content of about 70% by mass, can be coated with dry material, e.g. B. tobacco stems, which can also come from another tobacco variety, such as Virginia, are mixed so that, with a suitable choice of the mixing ratio, an end moisture content of the mixture can be achieved, in which the total mixture after a storage time of at least 15 Hours has the desired final moisture in a range of about 28% to 42% and can be cut.
- the additional tobacco stems such as the Virginia tobacco stems, do not need to be moistened, thereby reducing the cost of producing such a blendable blend.
- Another advantage is that tobacco stems moistened under pressure and correspondingly high temperatures are more durable than tobacco stems treated with the previous dampening process.
- Water is expediently used as the solvent, since it is relatively inexpensive and is also very suitable for nitrate depletion.
- the process is particularly preferably carried out at an elevated temperature, since this increases the efficiency of the process even further.
- the process takes place in a continuous stream of tobacco stems and preferably also solvents, so that it can be integrated into a continuously operating process.
- the fact that the solvent is continuously exchanged can prevent the nitrate salts extracted from the tobacco ribs from accumulating in the solvent, which would nullify the nitrate depletion of the tobacco ribs. This ensures that the tobacco stems running continuously through the solvent can be treated under constant conditions, so that at a later point in time tobacco stems are not passed through a solvent in which there is a high concentration of nitrate salts extracted from tobacco stems that have previously passed through , so that the desired depletion effect is greatly reduced and thus the efficiency of the process would deteriorate.
- the ratio of the mass flow of the dry tobacco ribs to the mass flow of the solvent is particularly preferably 0.25.
- the solvent is preferably present in a liquid phase in the bath.
- the gaseous phase of the solvent serves to set an overpressure and thus an elevated temperature in the extractor, which optimizes and accelerates the depletion of the nitrate becomes. It is particularly important to ensure that the level of the solvent bath is kept constant, as solvent is carried away by the damp tobacco stems.
- the nitrate depletion taking place in the housing takes place in two stages: the tobacco ribs in the solvent bath undergo a first depletion process and, with constant mixing, reach the area of the housing where there is a further solvent supply, in particular in the form of a nozzle, which carries out a further second depletion process Replacement of the surface solvent on the ribs with fresh solvent.
- gaseous solvent is added continuously during the depletion process, preferably at elevated temperatures and excess pressure, so that the pressure prevailing in the liquid phase of the solvent and the temperature and thus the conditions in the housing can be set precisely.
- the speed of the screw conveyor can expediently be varied, since this allows the dwell time of the tobacco ribs to be fixed in the housing, which is usually about 1 to 6 minutes.
- the residence time can also be determined via the geometry of the screw conveyor, e.g. their incline or pitch or length are set.
- the mass flow of tobacco ribs which are fed into the housing can also be set just as advantageously, so that a precisely determined amount of tobacco ribs can be depleted.
- the solvent which is continuously removed from the housing at one point is fed back to the housing at a second point, wherein it also goes through various process stages, such as, for example, the addition of further solvent to make up the solvent removed from the housing a mixture of liquid and gaseous phase to condense.
- the solvent supply with fresh solvent which is not loaded with nitrate is preferred.
- the process is preferably carried out at an absolute pressure of about 1.5 bar to 3.0 bar, in particular at about 1.9 bar.
- an overpressure of approximately 0.5 bar to 2.0 bar, preferably approximately 0.9 bar, in the housing during the process.
- the device for carrying out the method has an elongated, approximately cylindrical housing with a screw conveyor arranged therein and is designed to be pressure-resistant. Furthermore, pressure-resistant locks and / or nozzles are provided in order to be able to continuously supply or remove solvents and / or tobacco stems.
- the longitudinal axis of the housing is inclined obliquely to the horizontal, preferably at an angle of 5 ° to 20 °, in particular 10 °, since this oblique position results in better mixing of the tobacco ribs, which preferably run longitudinally through the housing, with the solvent in the bath. that gathers at the bottom of the case.
- the pressure conditioning screw shown in FIG. 1, generally indicated by the reference numeral 1 has a pressure-resistant, elongated, cylindrical housing 9, which is sealed off at both ends by means of pressure-resistant locks 3, 4. An overpressure of about 0.9 bar prevails in the housing.
- the longitudinal axis of the pressure conditioning screw 1 is inclined at an angle ⁇ of approximately 10 ° to the horizontal.
- a screw conveyor 2 is arranged in the center, which is rotatably supported about its central axis 8, which is also the central axis of the pressure conditioning screw 1.
- the housing 9 has steam nozzles 6 through which the Steam can be applied to the interior of the pressure conditioning screw 1.
- Distributed over the entire length of the pressure conditioning screw 1 are water nozzles 7, through which water is guided into the interior of the pressure conditioning screw 1.
- a water bath 12 collects during operation, which has a certain filling level regulated by water supply and drainage.
- water vapor 13 is located above the water bath.
- Nitrate-rich dry ribs R of Burley tobacco get from a mass metering unit 5 via the pressure-resistant lock 3 of the pressure conditioning screw 1 into the interior of the housing 9. There they are conveyed by the screw conveyor 2 with constant rotation in the direction of the upper end of the pressure conditioning screw 1 guided. They first pass through the water bath 12 and then through the interior of the pressure conditioning screw 1, which is filled with water vapor 13. When the nitrate-rich ribs R first pass through the water bath 12 and then through the inner region of the housing 9 filled with water vapor 13, they are moistened, the nitrate salts located in the ribs R are dissolved from the ribs R using the solvent water 12 and pass into the solvent .
- the low-nitrate ribs are rinsed with fresh solvent from the nozzle 14 in order to exchange the surface solvent of the ribs.
- the now moistened low-nitrate ribs R ' are led out of the pressure-conditioning screw 1 through the pressure-resistant lock 4, so that the low-nitrate ribs R' treated in this way with a moisture content of about 70% at this point for the further processing can be made available, especially with dry tobacco material such.
- dry ribs can be mixed.
- the entire process is carried out at high temperatures in the range from approximately 100 ° to 130 ° C., in particular at approximately 118 ° C., which improves the durability of the tobacco ribs R, R '.
- the dwell time of the tobacco ribs R in the housing 9 and in particular in the water bath can be adjusted or regulated, the throughput time of the tobacco ribs through the housing normally being in the range from one to six minutes.
- An exact setting of the dwell time can be achieved in particular by regulating the speed of the screw conveyor 2.
- the ratio of mass flow of dry tobacco in kg / mass flow of water in kg should be in the range from about 0.5 to about 0.031 and preferably about 0.25.
- the process in countercurrent, i.e. the direction of flow of the tobacco ribs R, R 'and the solvent can also be in opposite directions, so that e.g. a first process stream (solvent or tobacco ribs R,) is conducted from top to bottom against the second process stream (tobacco ribs R or solvent).
- a first process stream solvent or tobacco ribs R,
- a second process stream tobacco ribs R or solvent
- FIG. 2 shows the dependence of the nitrate content of the tobacco ribs R 'on the throughput time of the tobacco ribs R' through the device according to the invention.
- the ribs R applied had a nitrate content of about 5.25%.
- the absolute pressure in the pressure conditioning screw 1 was 1.9 bar at a temperature of 118 ° C.
- the mass flow of the dry tobacco ribs was set at 45 kg / h.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abreichern von Nitrat aus Tabakrippen der durch den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 definierten Gattung sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Ausführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for the depletion of nitrate from tobacco stems of the type defined by the preamble of
Bei der Verarbeitung von Tabakrippen ist es wünschenswert, daß in den Tabakrippen enthaltene lösliche und unerwünschte Materialien, wie z. B. Nitratsalze, aus diesen entfernt werden, bevor die Tabakrippen zu rauchbaren Produkten weiterverarbeitet werden.When processing tobacco ribs, it is desirable that soluble and undesirable materials contained in the tobacco ribs, such as. As nitrate salts, be removed from these before the tobacco stems are processed into smokable products.
Üblicherweise wird hierzu Wasser oder Dampf auf die Tabakrippen in mehreren Stufen aufgesprüht, und die Tabakrippen werden zwischen den einzelnen Stufen der Sprühbehandlung zwischengelagert. Danach werden sie zerkleinert, ggf. soßiert und getrocknet.For this purpose, water or steam is usually sprayed onto the tobacco ribs in several stages, and the tobacco ribs are temporarily stored between the individual stages of the spray treatment. Then they are crushed, if necessary sauceed and dried.
Nachteilig bei diesem Verfahren ist die lange Behandlungsdauer der Tabakrippen.The disadvantage of this method is the long treatment time for the tobacco stems.
In der DE 34 19 655 C2 wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines nitratarmen Tabakprodukts durch Extraktion löslicher Bestandteile aus einer Tabaksorte beschrieben, wobei die Tabaksorte zunächst in bekannter Weise mit einem Lösungsmittel zusammengeführt wird, um so eine Aufschlämmung herzustellen. Anschließend wird der größte Teil des Lösungsmittels mit den gelösten Bestandteilen aus der Aufschlämmung unter Zurücklassen des mit Lösungsmittel gesättigten Tabaks entfernt, wonach einige der gelösten Bestandteile aus dem Lösungsmittel abgetrennt werden und wenigstens ein Teil des Lösungsmittels zur Herstellung einer weiteren Tabak-Lösungsmittel-Aufschlämmung zurückgeführt wird. Dieses Verfahren wird bei atmosphärischen Bedingungen durchgeführt.DE 34 19 655 C2 describes a process for producing a low-nitrate tobacco product by extracting soluble constituents from a tobacco type, the tobacco type first being combined with a solvent in a known manner in order to produce a slurry. Then, most of the solvent with the solutes is removed from the slurry, leaving the solvent-saturated tobacco, after which some of the solutes are separated from the solvent and at least a portion of the solvent is recycled to produce another tobacco-solvent slurry . This process is carried out under atmospheric conditions.
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum schnellen und kostengünstigen Abreichem von Nitrat aus Tabakrippen vorzuschlagen.It is the object of the present invention to propose a method and a device for the rapid and inexpensive depletion of nitrate from tobacco stems.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 und eine Vorrichtung mit den im Anspruch 13 aufgeführten Merkmalen gelöst.This object is achieved by a method according to
Zweckmäßige Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den in den Unteransprüchen definierten Merkmalen.Appropriate embodiments result from the features defined in the subclaims.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt sich folgender Effekt erzielen: Werden Tabakrippen bei stetig erfolgender Durchmischung in ein Lösungsmittel-Bad gegeben, wobei gleichzeitig der vorherrschende Druck auf ein über dem normalen atmosphärischen Druck liegendes Niveau angehoben wird bzw. bereits angehoben ist, so findet eine schnelle Abreicherung von Nitrat aus den Tabakrippen in das Lösungsmittel statt. Diese Nitratabreicherung beträgt bis zu 80 % und kann innerhalb von 1 bis 6 Minuten erfolgen.The following effect can be achieved by the process according to the invention: If tobacco stems are continuously mixed in a solvent bath, while the prevailing pressure is raised to a level above normal atmospheric pressure or is already raised, rapid depletion takes place of nitrate from the tobacco stems into the solvent instead. This nitrate depletion is up to 80% and can take place within 1 to 6 minutes.
Ein weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegt darin, daß eine Vielzahl von Parametern eingestellt werden kann, so daß bei geeigneter Parametrierung des Verfahrens die Menge des aus den Tabakrippen abgereicherten Nitrats relativ genau bestimmt werden kann.Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that a large number of parameters can be set, so that the quantity of nitrate depleted from the tobacco ribs can be determined relatively precisely if the method is suitably parameterized.
Desweiteren ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorteilhaft, daß bei dieser Behandlung die Tabakrohrippen auch schnell angefeuchtet werden, d.h. innerhalb von 1 bis 6 Minuten, so daß sie je nach gewählten Verfahrensbedingungen sofort Schneidfeuchte besitzen oder nach Folgebehandlung die Schneidfeuchte eingestellt werden kann, ohne daß Staub anfallt und somit ein beträchtlicher Materialausfall entsteht.Furthermore, it is advantageous in the method according to the invention that the tobacco pipe ribs are also quickly moistened during this treatment, i.e. within 1 to 6 minutes, so that, depending on the selected process conditions, they immediately have cutting moisture or the cutting moisture can be adjusted after subsequent treatment without dust accumulating and thus a considerable loss of material.
Diese befeuchteten Tabakrippen, z.B. von Burley-Tabak, mit einer Feuchte von etwa 70 Massen-%, können mit trockenem Material, z. B. Tabakrippen, die auch von einer anderen Tabak-Sorte, wie z.B. Virginia, stammen können, gemischt werden, so daß bei geeigneter Wahl des Mischungsverhältnisses eine Endfeuchte des Gemischs erreicht werden kann, bei welcher die Gesamt-Mischung nach einer Lagerzeit von mindestens 15 Stunden die gewünschte Endfeuchte in einem Bereich von etwa 28 % bis 42 % hat und geschnitten werden kann. Somit müssen vorteilhafterweise die zusätzlichen Tabakrippen, wie beispielsweise die Virginia-Tabakrippen, nicht angefeuchtet werden, wodurch sich die Kosten zur Herstellung einer solchen schnittfähigen Mischung reduzieren.These moistened tobacco ribs, for example from Burley tobacco, with a moisture content of about 70% by mass, can be coated with dry material, e.g. B. tobacco stems, which can also come from another tobacco variety, such as Virginia, are mixed so that, with a suitable choice of the mixing ratio, an end moisture content of the mixture can be achieved, in which the total mixture after a storage time of at least 15 Hours has the desired final moisture in a range of about 28% to 42% and can be cut. Thus, advantageously, the additional tobacco stems, such as the Virginia tobacco stems, do not need to be moistened, thereby reducing the cost of producing such a blendable blend.
Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt darin, daß unter Druck und entsprechend hohen Temperaturen befeuchtete Tabakrippen haltbarer sind als Tabakrippen, die mit dem bisherigen Feuchtverfahren behandelt werden.Another advantage is that tobacco stems moistened under pressure and correspondingly high temperatures are more durable than tobacco stems treated with the previous dampening process.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird Wasser als Lösungsmittel verwendet, da dieses relativ preiswert ist und sich auch sehr gut zur Nitratabreicherung eignet.Water is expediently used as the solvent, since it is relatively inexpensive and is also very suitable for nitrate depletion.
Besonders bevorzugt wird das Verfahren bei einer erhöhten Temperatur durchgeführt, da sich hierdurch der Wirkungsgrad des Verfahrens noch weiter erhöht.The process is particularly preferably carried out at an elevated temperature, since this increases the efficiency of the process even further.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform findet das Verfahren bei einem kontinuierlichen Strom von Tabakrippen und bevorzugterweise auch Lösungsmittel statt, so daß es in einen kontinuierlich arbeitenden Prozeß eingebunden werden kann. Dadurch, daß das Lösungsmittel kontinuierlich ausgetauscht wird, kann verhindert werden, daß es in dem Lösungsmittel zu einer Anreicherung der aus den Tabakrippen extrahierten Nitratsalze kommt, was die Nitratabreicherung der Tabakrippen zunichte machen würde. Damit ist sichergestellt, daß die kontinuierlich durch das Lösungsmittel laufenden Tabakrippen unter gleichbleibenden Bedingungen behandelt werden können, so daß zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt nicht Tabakrippen durch ein Lösungsmittel geführt werden, in welchem sich eine hohe Konzentration von Nitratsalzen befindet, welche aus vorher durchgelaufenen Tabakrippen extrahiert wurden, so daß der gewünschte Abreicherungseffekt stark vermindert und somit der Wirkungsgrad des Verfahrens verschlechtert würde.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the process takes place in a continuous stream of tobacco stems and preferably also solvents, so that it can be integrated into a continuously operating process. The fact that the solvent is continuously exchanged can prevent the nitrate salts extracted from the tobacco ribs from accumulating in the solvent, which would nullify the nitrate depletion of the tobacco ribs. This ensures that the tobacco stems running continuously through the solvent can be treated under constant conditions, so that at a later point in time tobacco stems are not passed through a solvent in which there is a high concentration of nitrate salts extracted from tobacco stems that have previously passed through , so that the desired depletion effect is greatly reduced and thus the efficiency of the process would deteriorate.
Das Verhältnis des Massenstroms der trockenen Tabakrippen zum Massenstrom des Lösungsmittels liegt besonders bevorzugt bei 0,25.The ratio of the mass flow of the dry tobacco ribs to the mass flow of the solvent is particularly preferably 0.25.
Bevorzugt liegt das Lösungsmittel in einer flüssigen Phase im Bad vor. Die gasförmige Phase des Lösungsmittels dient dazu, einen Überdruck und somit eine erhöhte Temperatur im Extraktor einzustellen, wodurch die Abreicherung des Nitrats optimiert und beschleunigt wird. Dabei ist besonders darauf zu achten, daß der Pegel des Lösungsmittel-Bades konstant gehalten wird, da von den feuchten Tabakrippen Lösungsmittel ausgetragen wird.The solvent is preferably present in a liquid phase in the bath. The gaseous phase of the solvent serves to set an overpressure and thus an elevated temperature in the extractor, which optimizes and accelerates the depletion of the nitrate becomes. It is particularly important to ensure that the level of the solvent bath is kept constant, as solvent is carried away by the damp tobacco stems.
So kann z.B. die in dem Gehäuse stattfindende Nitratabreicherung zweistufig erfolgen: Die im Lösungsmittel-Bad befindlichen Tabakrippen durchlaufen einen ersten Abreicherungsvorgang, gelangen unter ständiger Durchmischung in den Bereich des Gehäuses, wo sich eine weitere Lösungsmittelzufuhr, insbesondere in Form einer Düse befindet, die einen weiteren zweiten Abreicherungsvorgang durch Austausch des Oberflächenlösungsmittels auf den Rippen gegen frisches Lösungsmittel bewirkt.For example, the nitrate depletion taking place in the housing takes place in two stages: the tobacco ribs in the solvent bath undergo a first depletion process and, with constant mixing, reach the area of the housing where there is a further solvent supply, in particular in the form of a nozzle, which carries out a further second depletion process Replacement of the surface solvent on the ribs with fresh solvent.
Besonders bevorzugt wird während des Abreicherungsprozesses kontinuierlich gasförmiges Lösungsmittel, vorzugsweise unter erhöhten Temperaturen und Überdruck, zugegeben, so daß der in der flüssigen Phase des Lösungsmittels vorherrschende Druck sowie die Temperatur und damit die Bedingungen im Gehäuse genau eingestellt werden können.Particularly preferably, gaseous solvent is added continuously during the depletion process, preferably at elevated temperatures and excess pressure, so that the pressure prevailing in the liquid phase of the solvent and the temperature and thus the conditions in the housing can be set precisely.
Zweckmäßigerweise kann die Drehzahl der Förderschnecke variiert werden, da hierdurch die Verweilzeit der Tabakrippen in dem Gehäuse festgesetzt werden kann, die üblicherweise ca. 1 bis 6 Minuten beträgt. Ebenso kann die Verweilzeit über die Geometrie der Förderschnecke, wie z.B. deren Steigung bzw. Ganghöhe oder Länge eingestellt werden.The speed of the screw conveyor can expediently be varied, since this allows the dwell time of the tobacco ribs to be fixed in the housing, which is usually about 1 to 6 minutes. The residence time can also be determined via the geometry of the screw conveyor, e.g. their incline or pitch or length are set.
Ebenso vorteilhaft kann man auch den Massenstrom der Tabakrip- pen, welche in das Gehäuse aufgegeben werden, einstellen, so daß eine genau bestimmte Menge von Tabakrippen abgereichert werden kann.The mass flow of tobacco ribs which are fed into the housing can also be set just as advantageously, so that a precisely determined amount of tobacco ribs can be depleted.
Bei einer Variante des Verfahrens wird das kontinuierlich aus dem Gehäuse an einer Stelle entnommene Lösungsmittel dem Gehäuse an einer zweiten Stelle wieder zugeführt, wobei es noch verschiedene Verfahrensstufen durchläuft, wie z.B. die Zugabe von weiterem Lösungsmittel, um das aus dem Gehäuse entnommene Lösungsmittel, bestehend aus einer Mischung von flüssiger und gasförmiger Phase, zu kondensieren. Bevorzugt wird jedoch die Lösungsmittelzufuhr mit frischem, nicht mit Nitrat beladenem Lösungsmittel.In a variant of the method, the solvent which is continuously removed from the housing at one point is fed back to the housing at a second point, wherein it also goes through various process stages, such as, for example, the addition of further solvent to make up the solvent removed from the housing a mixture of liquid and gaseous phase to condense. However, the solvent supply with fresh solvent which is not loaded with nitrate is preferred.
Bevorzugt wird das Verfahren bei einem absoluten Druck von etwa 1,5 bar bis 3,0 bar, insbesondere bei etwa 1,9 bar durchgeführt. Somit herrscht während des Verfahrens ein Überdruck von etwa 0,5 bar bis 2,0 bar, vorzugsweise etwa 0,9 bar in dem Gehäuse.The process is preferably carried out at an absolute pressure of about 1.5 bar to 3.0 bar, in particular at about 1.9 bar. Thus, there is an overpressure of approximately 0.5 bar to 2.0 bar, preferably approximately 0.9 bar, in the housing during the process.
Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens weist ein langgestrecktes, in etwa zylindrisches Gehäuse mit einer darin angeordneten Förderschnecke auf und ist druckfest ausgebildet. Ferner sind druckfeste Schleusen und/oder Düsen vorgesehen, um Lösungsmittel und/oder Tabakrippen kontinuierlich zu- bzw. abführen zu können. Die Längsachse des Gehäuses ist schräg gegen die Horizontale geneigt, vorzugsweise unter einem Winkel von 5° bis 20°, insbesondere 10°, da durch diese Schräglage eine bessere Durchmischung der vorzugsweise in Längsrichtung durch das Gehäuse laufenden Tabakrippen mit dem Lösungsmittel in dem Bad erfolgt, das sich am unteren Ende des Gehäuses sammelt.The device for carrying out the method has an elongated, approximately cylindrical housing with a screw conveyor arranged therein and is designed to be pressure-resistant. Furthermore, pressure-resistant locks and / or nozzles are provided in order to be able to continuously supply or remove solvents and / or tobacco stems. The longitudinal axis of the housing is inclined obliquely to the horizontal, preferably at an angle of 5 ° to 20 °, in particular 10 °, since this oblique position results in better mixing of the tobacco ribs, which preferably run longitudinally through the housing, with the solvent in the bath. that gathers at the bottom of the case.
Die Erfindung wird anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform unter Bezugnahme auf die nachstehenden Zeichnungen im einzelnen erläutert. Es zeigen:
Figur 1- ein Flußdiagramm der an dem Verfahren beteiligten Materialströme sowie die schematische Darstellung einer Druckkonditionier-Schnecke, und
Figur 2- ein Beispiel für die Abhängigkeit des Nitratgehaltes der behandelten Tabakrippen von der Durchlaufzeit durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung.
- Figure 1
- a flow diagram of the material flows involved in the method and the schematic representation of a pressure conditioning screw, and
- Figure 2
- an example of the dependence of the nitrate content of the treated tobacco stems on the throughput time through the device according to the invention.
Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte, allgemein durch das Bezugszeichen 1 angedeute Druckkonditionier-Schnecke weist ein druckfest ausgebildetes, längliches, zylindrisches Gehäuse 9 auf, welches an beiden Enden mittels druckfester Schleusen 3, 4 abgeschottet ist. In dem Gehäuse herrscht ein Überdruck von etwa 0,9 bar. Die Längsachse der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 ist unter einem Winkel α von etwa 10° gegen die Horizontale geneigt.The pressure conditioning screw shown in FIG. 1, generally indicated by the
Im Inneren der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 ist mittig eine Förderschnecke 2 angeordnet, welche um ihre Mittelachse 8, die zugleich die Mittelachse der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 ist, drehbar gelagert ist. Das Gehäuse 9 weist Dampfdüsen 6 auf, durch welche das Innere der Druckkonditionierschnecke 1 mit Dampf beaufschlagt werden kann. Über die gesamte Länge der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 verteilt befinden sich Wasserdüsen 7, durch welche Wasser in das Innere der Druckkonditionierschnecke 1 geleitet wird. Am unteren Ende der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 sammelt sich im Betrieb ein Wasserbad 12, welches eine bestimmte, durch Wasserzu- und -abfuhr geregelte Füllhöhe aufweist. Im verbleibenden Innenraum der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 befindet sich oberhalb des Wasserbades Wasserdampf 13.In the interior of the
Nitratreiche Trockenrippen R von Burley-Tabak gelangen von einer Massendosiereinheit 5 über die druckfeste Schleuse 3 der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 in das Innere des Gehäuses 9. Dort werden sie von der Förderschnecke 2 unter ständiger Rotation derselben in Richtung des oberen Endes der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 geführt. Dabei durchlaufen sie zunächst das Wasserbad 12 und daran anschließend den Innenbereich der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1, welcher mit Wasserdampf 13 gefüllt ist. Wenn die nitratreichen Rippen R zunächst das Wasserbad 12 und anschließend den mit Wasserdampf 13 gefüllten Innenbereich des Gehäuses 9 durchlaufen, werden sie angefeuchtet, die in den Rippen R befindlichen Nitratsalze mit Hilfe des Lösungsmittels Wasser 12 aus den Rippen R gelöst und gehen in das Lösungsmittel über. Nach Durchlaufen des Lösungsmittelbads 12 werden die nitratarmen Rippen mit frischem Lösungsmittel aus der Düse 14 abgespült, um das Oberflächenlösungsmittel der Rippen auszutauschen. Am oberen Ende der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 werden die nun angefeuchteten nitratarmen Rippen R' durch die druckfeste Schleuse 4 aus der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 herausgeführt, so daß die so behandelten, nitratarmen Rippen R' mit einer Feuchtigkeit von etwa 70 % an dieser Stelle für die Weiterverarbeitung zur Verfügung gestellt werden können, insbesondere mit trockenem Tabakmaterial z. B. trockenen Rippen, gemischt werden können.Nitrate-rich dry ribs R of Burley tobacco get from a
Im Bereich des Wasserbades 12 der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 befindet sich ein Auslaß 10, durch welchen die Zwei-Phasen-Mischung des Lösungsmittels, bestehend aus Wasserdampf 13 und Wasser 12, aus dem Inneren der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 über eine Leitung E1 herausgeführt wird. Die in der Leitung E1 transportierte Zwei-Phasen-Mischung gelangt zu einem Kondensatabscheider 11. Das Kondensat wird über eine Leitung E2 aus dem Kondensatabscheider 11 abgeführt.In the area of the
Das ganze Verfahren wird bei hohen Temperaturen im Bereich von etwa 100° bis 130°C, insbesondere bei etwa 118°C durchgeführt, wodurch die Haltbarkeit der Tabakrippen R, R' verbessert wird.The entire process is carried out at high temperatures in the range from approximately 100 ° to 130 ° C., in particular at approximately 118 ° C., which improves the durability of the tobacco ribs R, R '.
Die Verweilzeit der Tabakrippen R in dem Gehäuse 9 und insbesondere in dem Wasserbad kann eingestellt bzw. geregelt werden, wobei im Normalfall die Durchlaufzeit der Tabakrippen durch das Gehäuse im Bereich von einer bis sechs Minuten liegt. Eine exakte Einstellung der Verweilzeit kann insbesondere durch die Regelung der Drehzahl der Förderschnecke 2 erreicht werden.The dwell time of the tobacco ribs R in the
Weitere wesentliche Verfahrensparameter sind der Massenstrom der der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 zugeführten Tabakrippen R sowie die Menge des vorgelegten Wasserbades, wobei einerseits die Frischwasser-Einspeisung und andererseits der Austausch des nitrathaltigen Wassers berücksichtigt werden müssen.Further essential process parameters are the mass flow of the tobacco ribs R fed to the
Das Verhältnis Massenstrom trockener Tabak in kg / Massenstrom Wasser in kg sollte im Bereich von etwa 0,5 bis etwa 0,031 und bevorzugt bei etwa 0,25 liegen.The ratio of mass flow of dry tobacco in kg / mass flow of water in kg should be in the range from about 0.5 to about 0.031 and preferably about 0.25.
Es ist auch möglich, das Verfahren im Gegenstrom durchzuführen, d.h., die Richtung des Stroms der Tabakrippen R, R' und des Lösungsmittels können auch gegenläufig sein, so daß z.B. ein erster Verfahrensstrom (Lösungsmittel oder Tabakrippen R,) von oben nach unten entgegen dem zweiten Verfahrensstrom (Tabakrippen R oder Lösungsmittel) geführt wird.It is also possible to carry out the process in countercurrent, i.e. the direction of flow of the tobacco ribs R, R 'and the solvent can also be in opposite directions, so that e.g. a first process stream (solvent or tobacco ribs R,) is conducted from top to bottom against the second process stream (tobacco ribs R or solvent).
Figur 2 zeigt die Abhängigkeit des Nitratgehalts der Tabakrippen R', von der Durchlaufzeit der Tabakrippen R', durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung. Dabei hatten die aufgegebenen Rippen R einen Nitratgehalt von etwa 5,25 %. Der absolute Druck in der Druckkonditionier-Schnecke 1 betrug 1,9 bar bei einer Temperatur von 118°C. Der Massenstrom der trockenen Tabakrippen war auf 45 kg /h eingestellt.FIG. 2 shows the dependence of the nitrate content of the tobacco ribs R 'on the throughput time of the tobacco ribs R' through the device according to the invention. The ribs R applied had a nitrate content of about 5.25%. The absolute pressure in the
Es läßt sich erkennen, daß bereits bei 240 sek. Durchlaufzeit der Nitratgehalt der Tabakrippen R, R' um über 50 %, nämlich auf etwa 2,4 % reduziert werden konnte. Weitere Verbesserungen sind noch möglich, müssen jedoch mit merklich längeren Verweilzeiten erkauft werden.It can be seen that already at 240 sec. Throughput time of the nitrate content of the tobacco ribs R, R 'could be reduced by over 50%, namely to about 2.4%. Further improvements are still possible, but must be purchased with noticeably longer retention times.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19535587A DE19535587C2 (en) | 1995-09-25 | 1995-09-25 | Method and device for depleting nitrate from tobacco stems |
| DE19535587 | 1995-09-25 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0764408A2 true EP0764408A2 (en) | 1997-03-26 |
| EP0764408A3 EP0764408A3 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
| EP0764408B1 EP0764408B1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
Family
ID=7773107
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96111618A Expired - Lifetime EP0764408B1 (en) | 1995-09-25 | 1996-07-18 | Method and apparatus for depleting tobacco ribs of nitrate |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5791353A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0764408B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE205057T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU705244B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9604293A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19535587C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2162963T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104886752A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-09-09 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Pretreatment method for improving availability of burley tobacco in elegant fragrant cigarettes |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6311695B1 (en) | 1996-06-28 | 2001-11-06 | Regent Court Technologies | Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby |
| US6135121A (en) | 1996-06-28 | 2000-10-24 | Regent Court Technologies | Tobacco products having reduced nitrosamine content |
| USRE38123E1 (en) | 1996-06-28 | 2003-05-27 | Regent Court Technologies, Llc. | Tobacco products having reduced nitrosamine content |
| US6202649B1 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 2001-03-20 | Regent Court Technologies | Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby |
| US6805134B2 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2004-10-19 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Tobacco processing |
| GB0225691D0 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2002-12-11 | Souza Cruz Sa | Improvements relating to the removal of soluble components from tobacco material and apparatus therefor |
| DE10304629B4 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2008-10-30 | British American Tobacco (Germany) Gmbh | Pressure conditioning process |
| CN100577041C (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2010-01-06 | 江苏智思机械制造有限公司 | Online tobacco steam expanding apparatus and tobacco stem treating method using the same |
| CN101116529B (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2010-11-10 | 云南瑞升烟草技术（集团）有限公司 | Tobacco peduncle off-line preprocessing method in the tobacco peduncle processing course |
| DE102008052720B4 (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2014-01-02 | British American Tobacco (Germany) Gmbh | Extractive tobacco material extrusion |
| US8151804B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2012-04-10 | Williams Jonnie R | Tobacco curing method |
| EP2571385B1 (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2017-01-11 | Hzat Llc. | Method for preparing tobacco extract for electronic smoking devices |
| CN102715633A (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2012-10-10 | 江苏智思机械集团有限公司 | Steam tobacco stem moistening processing device |
| WO2013131980A1 (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-12 | Ht Nutri Sàrl | A method of processing tobacco and its by-products |
| CN102907755B (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2015-07-15 | 上海聚华科技股份有限公司 | Method for homogenizing and mixing tobacco material and backfill liquid |
| CN103892455A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-02 | 安徽中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco stem preprocessing method used in papermaking method sheet line |
| CN107736643B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2020-05-05 | 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Tobacco stem baking processing method using THT |
| CN111053278B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2023-05-02 | 上海新型烟草制品研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of heating non-combustible tobacco product and tobacco product thereof |
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- 1995-09-25 DE DE19535587A patent/DE19535587C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-07-18 AT AT96111618T patent/ATE205057T1/en active
- 1996-07-18 DE DE59607619T patent/DE59607619D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-18 ES ES96111618T patent/ES2162963T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-18 EP EP96111618A patent/EP0764408B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-12 US US08/713,215 patent/US5791353A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-24 BR BR9604293A patent/BR9604293A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-09-24 AU AU65806/96A patent/AU705244B2/en not_active Ceased
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| GB914473A (en) * | 1960-03-28 | 1963-01-02 | Fmc Corp | Method of and apparatus for continuously extracting products from solid materials |
| US3575178A (en) * | 1969-03-13 | 1971-04-20 | Reynolds Tobacco Co R | A process for increasing the filling capacity of tobacco |
| EP0057979A2 (en) * | 1981-01-21 | 1982-08-18 | Fabriques De Tabac Reunies S.A. | Apparatus for extracting soluble constituents from cut plant material |
| GB2140270A (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1984-11-28 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco | Process and system for making a blended tobacco product |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104886752A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-09-09 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Pretreatment method for improving availability of burley tobacco in elegant fragrant cigarettes |
| CN104886752B (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2016-09-07 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Improve burley tobaccos preprocess method of availability in simple and elegant fragrant cigarette |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR9604293A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
| DE19535587A1 (en) | 1997-03-27 |
| DE19535587C2 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
| AU6580696A (en) | 1997-03-27 |
| ATE205057T1 (en) | 2001-09-15 |
| AU705244B2 (en) | 1999-05-20 |
| EP0764408A3 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
| ES2162963T3 (en) | 2002-01-16 |
| DE59607619D1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
| EP0764408B1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
| US5791353A (en) | 1998-08-11 |
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