EP0627968B1 - Process for the continous casting of metal, in particular steel for producing billets and blooms - Google Patents
Process for the continous casting of metal, in particular steel for producing billets and blooms Download PDFInfo
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- EP0627968B1 EP0627968B1 EP93903980A EP93903980A EP0627968B1 EP 0627968 B1 EP0627968 B1 EP 0627968B1 EP 93903980 A EP93903980 A EP 93903980A EP 93903980 A EP93903980 A EP 93903980A EP 0627968 B1 EP0627968 B1 EP 0627968B1
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims 11
- 238000007620 mathematical function Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dimethylarsinate Chemical class [Na+].C[As](C)([O-])=O IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/041—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for vertical casting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the continuous casting of metal, in particular steel, according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- molds for the continuous casting of steel strands with polygonal, in particular with square, cross sections are known.
- the cross section of a mold cavity open on both sides is a square with corner fillets on the pouring side and an irregular pentagon on the strand exit side.
- corner fillet becomes the pouring cone is continuously enlarged in the direction of the strand, and is approximately twice as large in the area of the fillet over a partial length of the mold as in the central region of the mold wall.
- jamming of the strand inside the mold can occur, which leads to strand breaks and breakthroughs.
- a twelve-corner is cast instead of a square.
- the invention has for its object to overcome the disadvantages mentioned.
- the casting process according to the invention is intended to achieve improved cooling of the strand crust in the mold, improved strand quality and increased casting performance.
- the new casting process is to be optimized for operational operations that occur in practice, such as starting, changing the pouring tube, changing the receptacle, changing the ladle, pouring end, faults, etc., thereby further improving both the strand quality and the mold durability.
- the casting method according to the invention it is possible to force cooling in the case of billets and pre-block cross sections to be uniform in all circumferential sections and dimensionable in terms of their intensity within predetermined limits. This can influence the crystallization of the strand crust, increase the casting performance and improve the strand quality. Skewed edges, surface and structural defects are avoidable. Due to the ongoing adaptation of the deformation length of the strand crust within the mold during the casting operation, the method according to the invention can also Process the uniformity of the cooling can be improved even with different casting parameters. Quality defects on the strand and the risk of strand breaks and breakthroughs can be significantly reduced in the case of strongly changing casting parameters. The life of the mold can also be extended.
- the extent of the total recovery of the bulge is determined by the arc height of the bulge, by the angle that forms the conicity of the bulge, and by the bath level height within the partial length.
- the reshaping is usually proportional to the partial height of the bath level within the partial length. Instead of a constant taper of the bulge, it can also be chosen to be degressive, progressive, etc.
- the degree of reshaping of the bulge during the casting is usually specified in mm.
- the degree of reshaping of the bulge can be determined in such a way that a friction value optimized for the existing casting parameters is maintained.
- a measurement of the pull-out force on the driver can also be used as a parameter.
- the degree of reshaping of the bulge can be determined by ongoing measurements of casting parameters or by mathematical models that take into account the steel analysis, the overheating and casting temperature, the selected casting speed, the type of lubricant and / or the heat flow in the mold.
- reshaping can be switched off if the bath level before the standstill reaches the lower end of the partial length of the mold or is lower.
- the strand cross-section is reduced by a small amount due to the shrinkage of the strand crust.
- a deliberate deformation does not take place.
- the reshaping of the bulge between the casting level and the end of the partial length results in an additional reduction in the strand cross section, the order of magnitude being between 4% and 15%, preferably between 6% and 10%.
- the uncontrolled lifting of the strand crust in the prior art chill molds has made the lengthening of billet and pre-block chill molds appear to be of little use.
- the controlled reshaping of bulges combined with a large area for setting the target bath level, makes it useful for the first time that, according to a further exemplary embodiment, the strand forming in the mold, depending on the casting parameters, via a variable primary cooling section, e.g. between 500 and 1000 mm, is cooled.
- the deformation of the bulge of the strand crust is adjusted to a length that is up to 40% of the mold length.
- a mold 3 for the continuous casting of polygonal strand cross sections, in the present example of a square strand cross section, is shown.
- An arrow 4 points to a pouring side and an arrow 5 to a strand exit side of the mold 3.
- the cross sections of a mold cavity 6 have different geometrical shapes on the pouring and strand exit side.
- the cross section of the mold cavity 6 on the pouring side 4 between the corners 8 - 8 ′′ ′′ is provided with cross sectional enlargements in the form of bulges 9.
- An arc height 10 which represents the size of the bulge, decreases continuously in the direction of the strand 11 over a partial length 12 of the mold cavity 6.
- the mold cavity cross sections in the planes 14 and 15 delimit a mold part 13 with a square cross section with fillets 16, as is known in the prior art.
- a circumferential line 17 shows the mold cavity cross section in the plane 14 and a circumferential line 18 shows the mold cavity cross section in the plane 15.
- the cross section of the mold cavity 6 is straight on all sides between the corners 8 on the mold exit side.
- An arrow 2 denotes a peripheral section of the peripheral lines of the mold cavity 6.
- circumferential sections with similar cross-sectional enlargements 7 are provided.
- a hexagonal, rectangular, approximately round, etc. cross section could also serve as the basic shape.
- a light dimension 20 between opposite sides of the mold cavity 6 on the pouring side 4 in the area of the largest bulge is 5 to 15% larger than a light dimension 21 between the opposite sides on the strand exit side 5.
- the light dimension 20 can be at least 8% larger than the light dimension 21 in the plane 15 at the end of the partial length 12.
- the arch height 10 of the bulge 9 decreases continuously in the direction of the strand 11 with the following cross sections.
- the taper of the maximum arch height 10 along a line 24 can be selected from 8 to 35% / m.
- the part length 12 in this example is 400 mm or about 40% of the mold length, which measures about 1000 mm.
- the 40 schematically shows a computer to which the information 41-45 is supplied, 41 representing the steel analysis, 42 the superheating temperature, 43 the casting temperature in the intermediate vessel, 44 the mold and lubricant parameters and 45 the continuously measured friction value between the mold and the strand.
- the computer 40 calculates the bath level, which determines the extent of the reshaping, for the various operating states, such as casting, full load casting, casting interruption, pouring end, etc., and then uses the stopper or slide control 47 to correspondingly determine the metal flow into the mold and the strand withdrawal speed 48 controlled to bring the bath level to the desired height within the mold.
- Fig. 3 shows how the degree of reshaping is measured.
- the sloping inner contour 30 of the bulge 32 along the bulge center ends in the plane 31. In the strand running direction, the bulge runs in a straight line in this vertical section. However, it could also be limited by a degressive or S-shaped curve etc.
- the degree of the reshaping of the bulge corresponds to the length of the arrow 36. If the extent of the reshaping should be zero when the machine is at a standstill, the bath level is lowered to the end point 38 of the partial length 39 or below.
- the method according to the invention is characterized by the following method steps.
- the parameters 44 of the mold used and of the cast metal 41-43 are entered into the computer.
- the computer takes the friction values optimized for these parameters at different casting speeds with the associated bath level heights for starting up, for full load operation, for reduced casting operation and for ending the casting.
- the superheating and casting temperature of the casting metal is entered into the computer as a correction factor for each measurement.
- the measured friction values 45 are continuously compared with the optimized friction values that are assigned to each casting operation.
- the degree of reshaping of the bulge is increased or decreased by specifying a higher or lower bath level in the area of the partial length.
- the friction measurement of the strand in the mold is given priority over the other casting parameters.
- the strand extraction force can also be selected as the reference variable.
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- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Stranggiessen von Metall, insbesondere von Stahl gemäss den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a method for the continuous casting of metal, in particular steel, according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
Seit den Anfängen des Stranggiessens mit Durchlaufkokillen hat sich die Fachwelt mit dem Problem der Bildung von Luftspalten zwischen Strangkruste und Kokillenwand unterhalb des Badspiegels befasst. Dieser Spalt vermindert den Wärmeübergang zwischen Kokille und Strangkruste ganz wesentlich und verursacht eine ungleichmässige Kühlung der Strangkruste, die zu Strangfehlern, wie Rhomboidität, Risse, Gefügefehler etc., führt. Um über die ganze Kokillenlänge einen möglichst allseitig guten Kontakt der Strangkruste zur Kokillenwand und damit die bestmöglichen Bedingungen für die Wärmeabfuhr zu schaffen, sind viele Vorschläge, wie Schreitbalken (Walking Beams), Kühlmitteleinpressen in den Luftspalt, Kokillenhohlraum mit unterschiedlichen Konizitäten etc., vorgeschlagen worden.Since the beginning of continuous casting with continuous molds, experts have dealt with the problem of the formation of air gaps between the strand crust and the mold wall below the bath level. This gap significantly reduces the heat transfer between the mold and the strand crust and causes an uneven cooling of the strand crust, which leads to strand defects such as rhomboidality, cracks, structural defects, etc. In order to create the best possible all-round contact between the strand crust and the mold wall and thus the best possible conditions for heat dissipation, many suggestions have been proposed, such as walking beams, coolant injection into the air gap, mold cavity with different conicity, etc. .
Aus der US-PS 4'207'941 sind Kokillen zum Stranggiessen von Stahlsträngen mit polygonalen, insbesondere mit quadratischen Querschnitten, bekannt. Der Querschnitt eines beidseitig offenen Formhohlraumes ist auf der Eingiessseite ein Quadrat mit Eckhohlkehlen und auf der Strangaustrittsseite ein unregelmässiges Zwölfeck. In den Eckbereichen wird zur Eckhohlkehle hin der Giesskonus in Stranglaufrichtung stetig vergrössert, und er ist im Bereich der Hohlkehle auf einer Teillänge der Kokille etwa doppelt so gross wie im Mittelbereich der Kokillenwand. Beim Giessen mit solchen Kokillen können Verklemmungen des Stranges innerhalb der Kokille auftreten, die zu Strangabrissen und Durchbrüchen führen. Auch wird anstelle eines Quadrates ein Zwölfeck gegossen. Insbesondere ist es schwierig, solche Kokillen für unterschiedliche Giessgeschwindigkeiten zu dimensionieren, wie sie bei langen Sequenzgüssen mit vielen Pfannenwechseln unvermeidbar sind.From US Pat. No. 4,207,941, molds for the continuous casting of steel strands with polygonal, in particular with square, cross sections are known. The cross section of a mold cavity open on both sides is a square with corner fillets on the pouring side and an irregular pentagon on the strand exit side. In the corner areas the corner fillet becomes the pouring cone is continuously enlarged in the direction of the strand, and is approximately twice as large in the area of the fillet over a partial length of the mold as in the central region of the mold wall. When casting with such molds, jamming of the strand inside the mold can occur, which leads to strand breaks and breakthroughs. A twelve-corner is cast instead of a square. In particular, it is difficult to dimension such molds for different casting speeds, as are unavoidable with long sequence castings with many ladle changes.
Aus US-PS 4 774 995, die den Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 bildet, ist eine Stranggiesskokille bekannt, deren Formhohlraumquerschnitt auf der Eingiessseite zur Aufnahme eines Tauchrohres grösser ist als auf der Strangaustrittsseite. Beim Durchlauf des Stranges durch diese Kokille verkleinert sich die Strangdicke und dabei die Querschnittsfläche eines teilweise erstarrten Stranges durch Verformung in Kontakt mit den Kokillenbreitseiten. Die Schmalseiten der zum Giessen von Stahlband vorgesehenen Kokille divergieren in Stranglaufrichtung entsprechend der Dickenabnahme des Stranges, so dass die Umfangslänge der Strangquerschnittsfläche im wesentlichen konstant bleibt. Die Anwendung eines konventionellen Giessrohres beim Giessen von dünnen Bändern verursacht bei diesem Giessverfahren eine starke Strangkrustenverformung auf zwei Strangseiten, ohne dabei eine Vergleichmässigung der Strangkühlung über den gesamten Strangumfang innerhalb der Kokille zu erreichen.From US Pat. No. 4,774,995, which forms the preamble of claim 1, a continuous casting mold is known, the mold cavity cross section of which is larger on the pouring side for receiving an immersion tube than on the strand exit side. When the strand passes through this mold, the strand thickness and the cross-sectional area of a partially solidified strand decrease due to deformation in contact with the broad sides of the mold. The narrow sides of the mold provided for casting steel strip diverge in the strand running direction in accordance with the decrease in the thickness of the strand, so that the circumferential length of the strand cross-sectional area remains essentially constant. The use of a conventional pouring tube when casting thin strips results in a strong strand crust deformation on two strand sides in this casting method, without achieving an equalization of the strand cooling over the entire strand circumference within the mold.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die genannten Nachteile zu überwinden. Insbesondere soll durch das erfindungsgemässe Giessverfahren eine verbesserte Kühlung der Strangkruste in der Kokille, eine verbesserte Strangqualität und eine erhöhte Giessleistung erreicht werden. Im weiteren soll das neue Giessverfahren für die in der Praxis vorkommenden Betriebsoperationen, wie Anfahren, Giessrohrwechsel, Zwischengefässwechsel, Pfannenwechsel, Giessende, Störungen etc., optimiert und dadurch sowohl die Strangqualität als auch die Kokillenhaltbarkeit zusätzlich verbessert werden.The invention has for its object to overcome the disadvantages mentioned. In particular, the casting process according to the invention is intended to achieve improved cooling of the strand crust in the mold, improved strand quality and increased casting performance. In addition, the new casting process is to be optimized for operational operations that occur in practice, such as starting, changing the pouring tube, changing the receptacle, changing the ladle, pouring end, faults, etc., thereby further improving both the strand quality and the mold durability.
Gemäss der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch die Gesamtheit der Merkmale von Anspruch 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the entirety of the features of claim 1.
Mit dem erfindungsgemässen Giessverfahren ist es möglich, bei Knüppeln und Vorblockquerschnitten eine in allen Umfangsabschnitten gleichmässige und in ihrer Intensität in vorgegebenen Grenzen bemessbare Kühlung aufzuzwingen. Dadurch kann die Kristallisation der Strangkruste beeinflusst, die Giessleistung erhöht und die Strangqualität verbessert werden. Spiesskantigkeit, Oberflächen- und Gefügefehler sind vermeidbar. Durch die laufende Anpassung der Verformungslänge der Strangkruste innerhalb der Kokille während des Giessbetriebes kann im weiteren bei dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren die Gleichmässigkeit der Kühlung auch bei unterschiedlichen Giessparametern verbessert werden. Qualitätsfehler am Strang und die Gefahr für Strangabrisse und Durchbrüche können bei stark wechselnden Giessparametern wesentlich reduziert werden. Im weiteren kann die Standzeit der Kokille verlängert werden.With the casting method according to the invention, it is possible to force cooling in the case of billets and pre-block cross sections to be uniform in all circumferential sections and dimensionable in terms of their intensity within predetermined limits. This can influence the crystallization of the strand crust, increase the casting performance and improve the strand quality. Skewed edges, surface and structural defects are avoidable. Due to the ongoing adaptation of the deformation length of the strand crust within the mold during the casting operation, the method according to the invention can also Process the uniformity of the cooling can be improved even with different casting parameters. Quality defects on the strand and the risk of strand breaks and breakthroughs can be significantly reduced in the case of strongly changing casting parameters. The life of the mold can also be extended.
Das Mass der Gesamtrückformung der Ausbauchung wird durch die Bogenhöhe der Ausbauchung, durch den Winkel, der die Konizität der Ausbauchung bildet, und durch die Badspiegelhöhe innerhalb der Teillänge bestimmt. Die Rückformung ist in der Regel proportional zur Teilhöhe des Badspiegels innerhalb der Teillänge. Anstelle einer stetigen Konizität der Ausbauchung kann sie auch degressiv, progressiv etc. gewählt werden. Das Mass der Rückformung der Ausbauchung während des laufenden Gusses wird in der Regel in mm festgelegt.The extent of the total recovery of the bulge is determined by the arc height of the bulge, by the angle that forms the conicity of the bulge, and by the bath level height within the partial length. The reshaping is usually proportional to the partial height of the bath level within the partial length. Instead of a constant taper of the bulge, it can also be chosen to be degressive, progressive, etc. The degree of reshaping of the bulge during the casting is usually specified in mm.
Wird an einer Stranggiessanlage die Reibung zwischen Strang und Kokille gemessen, so kann gemäss einem Ausführungsbeispiel das Mass der Rückformung der Ausbauchung so bestimmt werden, dass ein auf die vorhandenen Giessparameter optimierter Reibungswert eingehalten wird. Anstelle der Reibungsmessung zwischen Strang und Kokille kann auch eine Messung der Ausziehkraft am Treiber als Parameter verwendet werden.If the friction between the strand and the mold is measured in a continuous caster, then according to one embodiment, the degree of reshaping of the bulge can be determined in such a way that a friction value optimized for the existing casting parameters is maintained. Instead of measuring the friction between the strand and the mold, a measurement of the pull-out force on the driver can also be used as a parameter.
Das Mass der Rückformung der Ausbauchung kann durch laufende Messungen von Giessparametern oder aber durch mathematische Modelle festgegelegt werden, die die Stahlanalyse, die Ueberhitzungs- und Giesstemperatur, die gewählte Giessgeschwindigkeit, die Art des Schmiermittels und/oder den Wärmestrom in der Kokille berücksichtigen.The degree of reshaping of the bulge can be determined by ongoing measurements of casting parameters or by mathematical models that take into account the steel analysis, the overheating and casting temperature, the selected casting speed, the type of lubricant and / or the heat flow in the mold.
Bei einem geplanten Stillstand des Strangauszuges kann eine Rückformung ausgeschaltet werden, wenn der Badspiegel vor dem Stillstand das untere Ende der Teillänge der Kokille erreicht oder tiefer liegt.If the strand pull-out is scheduled to come to a standstill, reshaping can be switched off if the bath level before the standstill reaches the lower end of the partial length of the mold or is lower.
Beim Durchlauf der sich bildenden Strangkruste durch eine Stand der Technik Kokille reduziert sich der Strangquerschnitt durch Schwindung der Strangkruste um ein geringes Mass. Eine gewollte Verformung findet dabei nicht statt. Durch die Rückformung der Ausbauchung zwischen Giessspiegel und dem Ende der Teillänge wird eine zusätzliche Reduktion des Strangquerschnittes erreicht, wobei die Grössenordnung zwischen 4 % und 15 %, vorzugsweise zwischen 6 % und 10 %, liegt.When the strand crust that forms is passed through a prior art mold, the strand cross-section is reduced by a small amount due to the shrinkage of the strand crust. A deliberate deformation does not take place. The reshaping of the bulge between the casting level and the end of the partial length results in an additional reduction in the strand cross section, the order of magnitude being between 4% and 15%, preferably between 6% and 10%.
Das unkontrollierte Abheben der Strangkruste bei Stand der Technik Kokillen hat ein Verlängern von Knüppel- und Vorblockkokillen wenig sinnvoll erscheinen lassen. Die kontrollierte Rückformung von Ausbauchungen, verbunden mit einem grossen Bereich für das Einstellen der Sollbadspiegelhöhe, macht es erstmals sinnvoll, dass, gemäss einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel, der in der Kokille sich bildende Strang in Abhängigkeit der Giessparameter über eine variable Primärkühlstrecke, z.B. zwischen 500 und 1000 mm, gekühlt wird. Die Rückformung der Ausbauchung der Strangkruste wird dabei auf einen Längenabschnitt eingestellt, der bis 40 % der Kokillenlänge beträgt.The uncontrolled lifting of the strand crust in the prior art chill molds has made the lengthening of billet and pre-block chill molds appear to be of little use. The controlled reshaping of bulges, combined with a large area for setting the target bath level, makes it useful for the first time that, according to a further exemplary embodiment, the strand forming in the mold, depending on the casting parameters, via a variable primary cooling section, e.g. between 500 and 1000 mm, is cooled. The deformation of the bulge of the strand crust is adjusted to a length that is up to 40% of the mold length.
Im nachfolgenden werden anhand von Figuren Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung erläutert.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to figures.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Längsschnitt durch eine Rohrkokille nach der Linie I-I von Fig. 2,
- Fig. 2
- eine Draufsicht auf die Kokille gemäss Fig. 1 und
- Fig. 3
- einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Kokillenwand.
- Fig. 1
- 2 shows a longitudinal section through a tubular mold along the line II in FIG. 2,
- Fig. 2
- a plan view of the mold according to FIGS. 1 and
- Fig. 3
- a vertical section through a mold wall.
In Fig. 1 und 2 ist eine Kokille 3 zum Stranggiessen von polygonalen Strangquerschnitten, im vorliegenden Beispiel von einem quadratischen Strangquerschnitt, dargestellt. Ein Pfeil 4 zeigt auf eine Eingiessseite und ein Pfeil 5 auf eine Strangaustrittsseite der Kokille 3. Die Querschnitte eines Formhohlraumes 6 weisen auf der Eingiess- und Strangaustrittsseite unterschiedliche geometrische Formen auf. Wie am besten in Fig. 2 erkennbar, ist der Querschnitt des Formhohlraumes 6 auf der Eingiessseite 4 zwischen den Ecken 8 - 8''' mit Querschnittsvergrösserungen in der Form von Ausbauchungen 9 versehen. Eine Bogenhöhe 10, die das Mass der Ausbauchung darstellt, nimmt in Stranglaufrichtung 11 auf einer Teillänge 12 des Formhohlraumes 6 stetig ab. Die Formhohlraumquerschnitte in den Ebenen 14 und 15 begrenzen einen Kokillenteil 13 mit quadratischem Querschnitt mit Hohlkehlen 16, wie im Stand der Technik bekannt.1 and 2, a
Eine Umfangslinie 17 zeigt den Formhohlraumquerschnitt in der Ebene 14 und eine Umfangslinie 18 den Formhohlraumquerschnitt in der Ebene 15. Der Querschnitt des Formhohlraumes 6 ist auf der Kokillenaustrittsseite allseitig zwischen den Ecken 8 geradlinig. Mit einem Pfeil 2 ist ein Umfangsabschnitt der Umfangslinien des Formhohlraumes 6 bezeichnet. Bei dieser Koille sind 4 Umfangsabschnitte mit gleichartigen Querschnittsvergrösserungen 7 vorgesehen. Anstelle der quadratischen Grundform des Formhohlraumes 6 könnte auch ein sechseckiger, rechteckiger, etwa runder etc. Querschnitt als Grundform dienen.A
Ein Lichtmass 20 zwischen gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Formhohlraumes 6 auf der Eingiessseite 4 im Bereich der grössten Ausbauchung ist gegenüber einem Lichtmass 21 zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Seiten auf der Strangaustrittsseite 5 um 5 - 15 % grösser. Das Lichtmass 20 kann, anders ausgedrückt, mindestens 8 % grösser als das Lichtmass 21 in der Ebene 15 am Ende der Teillänge 12 sein.A
Die Bogenhöhe 10 der Ausbauchung 9 nimmt in Stranglaufrichtung 11 bei sich folgenden Querschnitten stetig ab. Die Konizität der maximalen Bogenhöhe 10 entlang einer Linie 24 kann 8 - 35 %/m gewählt werden.The
Die Teillänge 12 ist in diesem Beispiel 400 mm oder etwa 40 % der Kokillenlänge, die etwa 1000 mm misst.The
Mit 40 ist schematisch ein Computer dargestellt, welchem die Informationen 41 - 45 zugeführt werden, wobei 41 die Stahlanalyse, 42 die Ueberhitzungstemperatur, 43 die Giesstemperatur im Zwischengefäss, 44 die Kokillen- und Schmiermittelparameter und 45 der laufend gemessene Reibungswert zwischen Kokille und Strang darstellen. Vom Computer 40 wird für die verschiedenen Betriebszustände, wie Angiessen, Vollastgiessen, Giessunterbruch, Giessende etc., die Badspiegelhöhe, die das Mass der Rückformung bestimmt, errechnet und anschliessend mit der Stopfen- oder Schiebersteuerung 47 der Metallzufluss in die Kokille und die Strangabzugsgeschwindigkeit 48 entsprechend gesteuert, um den Badspiegel in die gewünschte Höhenlage innerhalb der Kokille zu bringen.40 schematically shows a computer to which the information 41-45 is supplied, 41 representing the steel analysis, 42 the superheating temperature, 43 the casting temperature in the intermediate vessel, 44 the mold and lubricant parameters and 45 the continuously measured friction value between the mold and the strand. The
Fig. 3 zeigt, wie das Mass der Rückformung gemessen wird. Die schräg verlaufende Innenkontur 30 der Ausbauchung 32 entlang der Ausbauchungsmitte endet in der Ebene 31. In Stranglaufrichtung verläuft die Ausbauchung in diesem Vertikalschnitt geradlinig. Sie könnte aber auch durch eine degressive oder S-förmige Kurve etc. begrenzt sein.Fig. 3 shows how the degree of reshaping is measured. The sloping
Liegt ein Badspiegel 35 auf der dargestellten Höhe, so ist das Mass der Rückformung der Ausbauchung entsprechend der Länge des Pfeiles 36. Sinkt der Badspiegel auf die strichpunktiert angedeutete Höhe 35' ab, so vermindert sich das Mass der Rückformung der Ausbauchung um die Länge 37. Soll das Mass der Rückformung bei einem Stillstand Null sein, so wird der Badspiegel bis an den Endpunkt 38 der Teillänge 39 oder darunter abgesenkt.If a
Nach einer Ausführungsvariante zeichnet sich das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren durch folgende Verfahrensschritte aus. Beim Angiessen eines neuen Stranges oder einer Sequenz werden die Parameter 44 der verwendeten Kokille und des Giessmetalles 41 - 43 in den Computer eingegeben. Aus dem Speicher entnimmt der Computer die für diese Parameter optimierten Reibungswerte bei unterschiedlichen Giessgeschwindigkeiten mit den dazugehörigen Badspiegelhöhen für das Anfahren, für den Volllastbetrieb, für reduzierten Giessbetrieb und für das Beenden des Gusses. Während des Giessens wird die Ueberhitzungs- und Giesstemperatur des Giessmetalles als Korrekturfaktor bei jeder Messung in den Computer eingegeben. Die gemessenen Reibungswerte 45 werden laufend mit den optimierten Reibungswerten, die jeder Giessoperation zugeordnet sind, verglichen. Bei Abweichungen wird das Mass der Rückformung der Ausbauchung durch Festlegung einer höheren oder niedrigeren Badspiegelhöhe im Bereich der Teillänge vergrössert bzw. verkleinert. Bei diesem Beispiel wird der Reibungsmessung des Stranges in der Kokille gegenüber den anderen Giessparametern eine prioritäre Stellung eingeräumt. Anstelle des Reibungswertes kann als Führungsgrösse auch die Strangausziehkraft gewählt werden.According to an embodiment variant, the method according to the invention is characterized by the following method steps. When casting a new strand or a sequence, the
Die für dieses Verfahren verwendeten Kokillen sind in der EP-Patentanmeldung 92101506.1 ausführlich beschrieben und figürlich dargestellt. Die Offenbarung der Erfindung stützt sich somit zusätzlich auf diese Publikation ab.The molds used for this process are described in detail in EP patent application 92101506.1 and shown in figures. The disclosure of the invention is thus additionally based on this publication.
Claims (12)
- Process for the continuous casting of metal, in particular of steel, wherein the steel is cast in a mould (3), whose mould cavity cross-section is larger on the inlet side (4) than on the strand outlet side (5), and the cross-section of a partly solidified strand is deformed upon passing through the mould (3) at least along part of the length (12) of the mould (3), characterised in that, in the casting of billets and blooms- with polygonal cross-sections a strand crust having evenly distributed convexities (9) between all the corners (8-8''') or- with approximately round cross-sections a strand crust with at least three convexities (9) evenly distributed over the cross-sectional circumference of the strandis brought to solidify on the inlet side (4) of the mould (3), and on passing through the mould (3), the convexities (9) are reformed to a degree (36) and the strand cross- section is altered, and in that the degree of reforming (36) of the convexities (9) is governed by the setting of a corresponding bath level (35, 35') within the partial length (12, 39) of the mould (3) as a function of the casting parameters, such as steel composition, casting speed, overheating temperature of the steel in the intermediate vessel, friction between the strand and mould, or drawing force at the driver.
- Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the degree of reforming (36) of the convexity (9) is fixed in mm.
- Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the degree of reforming (36) of the convexity (9) is determined as a function of the steel analysis and the selected casting speed.
- Process according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterised in that the degree of reforming (36) of the convexity (9) is determined as a function of the overheating and/or casting temperature.
- Process according to one of claims 1 - 4, characterised in that the degree of reforming (36) of the convexity (9) is set in a mathematical function relative to the casting speed.
- Process according to one of claims 1 - 5, characterised in that the degree of reforming (36) of the convexity (9) is determined as a function of the friction measured between the strand and the mould.
- Process according to claim 6, characterised in that the degree of reforming (36) of the convexity (9) is constantly adapted to an optimised coefficient of friction.
- Process according to one of claims 1 - 7, characterised in that due to the reforming of the convexities (9) between the casting level (35) and the end of the partial length (12) the strand cross-section is reduced by 4 % - 15 %, preferably by 6 % - 10 %.
- Process according to one of claims 1 - 8, characterised in that the momentary casting parameters (41 - 45), such as steel analysis, overheating and steel temperature in the intermediate vessel, casting speed, strand cross-section, conicity and length of the convexity of the mould cavity, casting lubricant, coefficients of friction etc., are fed to a computer (40), are compared with corresponding reference values, and in the case of deviation the degree of reference reforming and convexity is established and the correction of the reference bath level is fed to the control (46).
- Process according to one of claims 1 - 9, characterised in that the strand being formed is cooled inside the mould over a primary cooling section of between 500 and 1000 mm as a function of the momentary casting parameters (41 - 45).
- Process according to one of claims 1 - 10, characterised in that a partial length (12) up to 60 % of the mould length is selected for reforming the convexity of the strand crust.
- Process according to one of claims 1 - 11, characterised in that the degree of reforming (36) of the convexity (9) is determined as a function of the heat flow density in the mould, preferably in the partial length (12).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH69092 | 1992-03-05 | ||
| CH690/92 | 1992-03-05 | ||
| PCT/EP1993/000372 WO1993017817A1 (en) | 1992-03-05 | 1993-02-17 | Process for the continous casting of metal, in particular steel for producing billets and blooms |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0627968A1 EP0627968A1 (en) | 1994-12-14 |
| EP0627968B1 true EP0627968B1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
Family
ID=4192890
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93903980A Expired - Lifetime EP0627968B1 (en) | 1992-03-05 | 1993-02-17 | Process for the continous casting of metal, in particular steel for producing billets and blooms |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5469910A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0627968B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2683157B2 (en) |
| KR (2) | KR950700138A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1054558C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE129654T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU659287B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9306021A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2129964C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ292822B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59300864D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0627968T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2082631T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI100316B (en) |
| GE (1) | GEP19991523B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3018150T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9301186A (en) |
| TR (1) | TR28425A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993017817A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA931284B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0958871A1 (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 1999-11-24 | Concast Standard Ag | Mould for continuous casting of substantially polygonal strands |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1267244B1 (en) * | 1994-05-30 | 1997-01-28 | Danieli Off Mecc | CONTINUOUS CASTING PROCESS FOR STEELS WITH A HIGH CARBON CONTENT |
| AT404235B (en) * | 1995-04-18 | 1998-09-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | CONTINUOUS CHOCOLATE |
| ES2158118T3 (en) | 1995-08-03 | 2001-09-01 | Europa Metalli Spa | PLUMBING ELEMENTS WITH LEAD-RELEASE SCALE BASED ON COPPER BASED CONTAINING LEAD AND CORRESPONDING MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE. |
| BR9711826A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1999-08-31 | Ag Industries Inc | Improved mold surface for continuous casting and process for producing it. |
| EP0875312A1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-11-04 | Kvaerner Metals Continuous Casting Limited | Improvements in and relating to casting |
| ES2152132B1 (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 2001-07-01 | Sidenor Investigacion Y Desarr | "LINGOTERA PERFECTED AND LINGOTE OBTAINED WITH THE SAME". |
| US6461534B2 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 2002-10-08 | Europa Metalli S. P. A. | Low lead release plumbing components made of copper based alloys containing lead, and a method for obtaining the same |
| US7493936B2 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2009-02-24 | Kobe Steel, Ltd. | Continuous casting method |
| EP2025432B2 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2017-08-30 | Concast Ag | Method for creating steel long products through strand casting and rolling |
| CN104923755B (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2017-01-04 | 西安理工大学 | Eliminate the anti-circular measure of flat spheroidal graphite cast-iron section bar bulge defect |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4207941A (en) * | 1975-06-16 | 1980-06-17 | Shrum Lorne R | Method of continuous casting of metal in a tapered mold and mold per se |
| CH617608A5 (en) * | 1977-04-06 | 1980-06-13 | Concast Ag | |
| DE3400220A1 (en) * | 1984-01-05 | 1985-07-18 | SMS Schloemann-Siemag AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | CHOCOLATE FOR CONTINUOUSLY STEEL STRIP |
| AT379093B (en) * | 1984-02-16 | 1985-11-11 | Voest Alpine Ag | CONTINUOUS CHOCOLATE FOR A CONTINUOUS CASTING SYSTEM |
| US4774995A (en) * | 1986-06-11 | 1988-10-04 | Sms Concast Inc. | Continuous casting mold |
| EP0498296B2 (en) * | 1991-02-06 | 2000-12-06 | Concast Standard Ag | Mould for continuous casting of metals, especially of steel |
-
1993
- 1993-02-17 KR KR1019940702651A patent/KR950700138A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-17 DK DK93903980.6T patent/DK0627968T3/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-02-17 DE DE59300864T patent/DE59300864D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-17 CA CA002129964A patent/CA2129964C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-17 BR BR9306021A patent/BR9306021A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-17 GE GEAP19932441A patent/GEP19991523B/en unknown
- 1993-02-17 JP JP5515280A patent/JP2683157B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-17 KR KR1019940702651A patent/KR970008034B1/en active
- 1993-02-17 AU AU34975/93A patent/AU659287B2/en not_active Expired
- 1993-02-17 EP EP93903980A patent/EP0627968B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-17 CZ CZ19942139A patent/CZ292822B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-17 WO PCT/EP1993/000372 patent/WO1993017817A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-02-17 AT AT93903980T patent/ATE129654T1/en active
- 1993-02-17 ES ES93903980T patent/ES2082631T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-24 ZA ZA931284A patent/ZA931284B/en unknown
- 1993-03-03 MX MX9301186A patent/MX9301186A/en unknown
- 1993-03-03 TR TR00165/93A patent/TR28425A/en unknown
- 1993-03-05 CN CN93101990A patent/CN1054558C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-09-02 FI FI944030A patent/FI100316B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-02 US US08/304,772 patent/US5469910A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-11-21 GR GR950403269T patent/GR3018150T3/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0958871A1 (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 1999-11-24 | Concast Standard Ag | Mould for continuous casting of substantially polygonal strands |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH07503410A (en) | 1995-04-13 |
| EP0627968A1 (en) | 1994-12-14 |
| GR3018150T3 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
| ATE129654T1 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
| DE59300864D1 (en) | 1995-12-07 |
| CA2129964A1 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
| CN1076147A (en) | 1993-09-15 |
| CZ292822B6 (en) | 2003-12-17 |
| FI944030A (en) | 1994-09-02 |
| TR28425A (en) | 1996-06-14 |
| MX9301186A (en) | 1994-07-29 |
| GEP19991523B (en) | 1999-03-05 |
| KR950700138A (en) | 1995-01-16 |
| WO1993017817A1 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
| ZA931284B (en) | 1993-09-17 |
| FI944030A0 (en) | 1994-09-02 |
| CZ213994A3 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
| FI100316B (en) | 1997-11-14 |
| US5469910A (en) | 1995-11-28 |
| JP2683157B2 (en) | 1997-11-26 |
| BR9306021A (en) | 1997-11-18 |
| AU3497593A (en) | 1993-10-05 |
| AU659287B2 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
| ES2082631T3 (en) | 1996-03-16 |
| CA2129964C (en) | 2000-04-11 |
| KR970008034B1 (en) | 1997-05-20 |
| CN1054558C (en) | 2000-07-19 |
| DK0627968T3 (en) | 1996-01-08 |
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