Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
  • A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
  • A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
  • A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
  • A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules

Definitions

• the present invention relates to fire extinguishing agents, in particular a fire extinguishing composition.
• fire extinguishing is understood to mean the production of a medium that does not sustain a fire, in a limited space, for example in a room, a ship's hold, an operating department, etc., which is referred to as a protected space. This is done by adding gaseous substances or aerosols into the protected space and its distribution in the space in such an amount that its concentration prevents a burning or an explosion.
• halons fire zone feedable gaseous halogen-containing compositions
• halons 13B1 based on trifluorobromomethane
• Halon 114B2 based on Tetrafluorodibromethane
• ZNIITESTROIMASCH construction, road construction and municipal machinery, Series 6 "Feuer Wegtechnik”, edition 3 "Modern automatic system for Gas fire extinguishing ", 1983, Moscow, pp. 3-40.
• Another widely applicable fire extinguishing medium is a composition Base of carbon dioxide, which when brought into the source of the fire, the temperature in the fire zone by means of evaporation and the oxygen content in the Fire zone reduced.
• the carbon dioxide based compositions are toxic and can cause shortness of breath in people in the fire zone and have lethal consequences.
• halon-based compositions are also toxic to the human organism, while the thermal decomposition products of the Halons have a high corrosion activity.
• a powder has been used as a fire extinguishing agent worldwide, which is a mechanical mixture, for example based on up to 95-97 Mass percent sodium bicarbonate or ammonium phosphate salts with Aerosil® or graphite, represents (M. E. Krasnjanskij, "'Feuerlösch- und Explosion-resistant powders ", 1990,” Donbass “, Donetsk, pp. 16-25).
• the above Powder is transported into the fire zone with a gas, which is fed under pressure becomes.
• the powder atomized under pressure forms a gas-air mixture which Flame envelops and inhibits this by excluding oxygen.
• the well-known powder is mainly used for local fire extinguishing.
• the characteristic of the known composition is its ability to sublime the crystalline, thermally dispersible organic component during firing, which reduces the specific consumption of the composition to up to 128 g / m 3 .
• the known composition is toxic due to the volatility of the organic compounds used as a thermally dispersible component.
• the composition mentioned also has a short service life due to the high rate of increase in its toughness due to the use of tertiary amines, Lewis acids and metal oxides as a catalytic additive.
• the known composition is used at high pressure, for example above 2 ⁇ 10 5 Pa (2 at), its burning is unstable, which can lead to its extinction.
• the invention has for its object a composition for To put out fire extinguishers with better operating characteristics Scope with lower specific consumption by changing the Nature of the thermally dispersible component and change in content Oxidizing agent, oxygen-containing binder and the usual auxiliary is expanded, the fuel products of which are ecologically harmless and those of Ozone layer does not harm the earth.
• a fire-extinguishing composition which contains a thermally dispersible component, an oxidizing agent, an oxygen-containing binder and customary auxiliaries, an inorganic compound which consists of a chloride, sulfate, sulfide, Phosphate of alkali or alkaline earth metals, an ammonium salt or a mixture containing mixtures was chosen and that it contains a metal or ammonium nitrate or perchlorate or a mixture thereof as an oxidizing agent and that it contains a compound from the group as a binder, the cellulose esters, rubber , Resin, polymers or mixtures thereof, the components mentioned being contained in the following ratio, in percent by mass: thermally dispersible component 1.0 -35.0 Oxidizer 50.0 -94.0 oxygen-containing binder 3.0 -25.0 usual auxiliary substances 1.0-25.0.
• thermally dispersible component is in the above Composition such that it consists of a number of inorganic salts Is chosen, the volatility of the composition and its acids cause ecological harmlessness.
• this has improved operating properties as a result of Enlargement of the proportion of a finely dispersed solid phase up to 2 ⁇ m in size Aerosol that is formed when the composition is burned.
• the increased proportion of finely dispersed solid phase in the aerosol enables one Extension of the scope of the composition, for example at Extinguish smoldering fires and burning metals. This is because of it requires that the finely dispersed solid phase of the aerosol affects the burning Precipitates surface and isolates the latter from oxygen in the air.
• Means Selection of the inorganic, thermally dispersible component can be a Protective cover can be made in the form of a tough polymeric film by crystallization of the melt of the finely dispersed solid phase at the temperature the burning surface is formed.
• composition according to the invention has improved Operating characteristics in that the increase in the proportion of finely dispersed solid phase in the aerosol inhibition of the course of the chemical Burning reactions by increasing the likelihood of a decrease "active" burning centers on the surface of the finely dispersed phase are facilitated.
• a content of the thermally dispersible component in the composition below 1% by mass causes their combustion products to Do not form a dense protective coating, causing the deletion of a "smoldering" fire is hindered.
• a content of thermal dispersible component in the composition above 35 Mass percent finds an unstable burning of the composition due to the Lack of oxygen instead.
• the oxidizing agent in the composition is below 50.0 mass percent results in a lack of oxygen, which leads to the fact that after the Inflammation of the composition does not burn independently.
• a Content of the oxidizing agent in the composition above 94.0 Their preparation and the shaping of a fire extinguishing load are made up in percent by mass this impossible.
• potassium perchlorate or sodium perchlorate or ammonium perchlorate or potassium nitrate It is recommended as an oxidizing agent in the composition potassium perchlorate or sodium perchlorate or ammonium perchlorate or potassium nitrate or To use sodium nitrate or ammonium nitrate or mixtures thereof.
• the choice of the oxidizing agents mentioned is due to their high oxygen content and to the formation of an additional amount of finely dispersed solid phase, such as Na 2 O, K 2 O, KOH, K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , KCl, in the Combustion products of the composition that inhibits the course of the chemical burning reaction. This increases the effectiveness of the fire extinguishing composition and reduces its specific consumption.
• a mixture of said oxidizing agents in the Composition allows you to regulate their burning intensity at normal pressure in a wide range, for example from about 0.3 mm / s to 5.0 mm / s.
• the composition as an oxygen-containing binder is a cellulose ester, such as. B. ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate or mixtures thereof; or rubber, such as. B. butadiene acrylonitrile rubber , butyl rubber, urethane rubber, natural rubber, butadiene styrene rubber, or mixtures thereof; or a polymer such as e.g. B. chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetate or mixtures thereof; or a resin such as B. epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin or mixtures thereof; or mixtures thereof.
• a cellulose ester such as. B. ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate or mixtures thereof
• rubber such as. B. butadiene acrylonitrile rubber , butyl rubber, urethane rubber,
• the composition not only enables the formation of a fire extinguisher charge, but also the reduction in the specific consumption of the Composition when extinguishing a fire.
• thermoelastoplasts When using the above cellulose esters or a mixture the latter can be used as an oxygen-containing binder in the composition according to the molding technology of thermoelastoplasts into one Fire extinguishing charge can be shaped.
• a charge can be formed from the composition using the same technology which, as an oxygen-containing binder, contain the abovementioned rubbers, Contains polymers or mixtures thereof.
• the use of the above resins and cellulose esters in the Composition allows the temperature range to be expanded Application of the charge, for example up to ⁇ 80 ° C by improving the physico-mechanical properties of the composition as a result of Increasing the density of polymer networks in the structure of the Composition.
• the presence of oxygen in the binder also speeds this up Burning the composition, allows a reduction in the content Oxidizing agent with simultaneous increase in the proportion of inorganic thermally dispersible component, thereby reducing the specific Consumption of the composition is reached when extinguishing a fire.
• potassium chloride in a thermally dispersible component Use amount from 1 to 25 percent by mass.
• potassium chloride is due to its increased binding ability "active" burning centers conditional on the development of the burning process in the Are responsible for the fire, causing a decrease in his salary in the Composition up to 25 percent by mass was possible. Besides, this has a reduction in the specific consumption of the composition at Extinguishing a fire.
• composition is either a conventional adjuvant Plasticizer or a burning modifier or a processing aid or contains their mixtures.
• thermally dispersible component in the Composition in an amount of 10 to 35 percent by mass is for their burning at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, add a burning modifier.
• the composition is an ester or plasticizer a polyester from the series: dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacinate, tributyl phosphate, Glycerol triacetate, tricresyl phosphate or mixtures thereof; organic nitrates, such as B. glycerol nitrate, dinitrodiethylene glycol, dinitrotriethylene glycol or mixtures thereof; organic azide, including those of the S-triazine series, such as. B.
• the use of the above esters and polyesters, as well as the organic Nitrates is available through the use of cellulose esters, rubbers or Polymers or mixtures thereof as oxygen-containing binders in the Composition dependent.
• the organic nitrates also increase the Oxygen balance of the composition, while its mixture is expanding the temperature range of the application of the fire extinguishing charge down to -60 ° C Allows reducing the crystallization temperature of the mixture.
• the organic azides increase their use in the composition thereof Burning intensity, causing an increase in the thermal content dispersible component in the composition of 25 to 35 percent by mass and thus an increase in the effectiveness of the fire extinguishing is made possible. It is desirable to add a burning modifier in an amount of 1.0 to 15.0 percent by mass.
• the content of a burning modifier of above 15.0 mass percent causes one increased consumption of the composition when extinguishing a fire.
• the composition as a burning modifier Group of substances containing carbon, silicon dioxide, aluminum, Includes alumina, iron, iron oxide and mixtures thereof.
• Carbon black, graphite and diamond can be used as carbon.
• Silicon dioxide, Aluminum and aluminum oxide, iron and iron oxide can be mixed with each other Dispersity can be used.
• the processing aid is required to be in the composition in one Amount of 0.5-6.0 percent by mass is included.
• the optimal content in the composition depends on the nature of the above-mentioned oxygen-containing binder and the selected Shaping technology of the fire extinguishing charge.
• the optimal content of the processing aid is 3 to 6% by mass, while in their molding according to the molding technology of Thermoelastoplastics and according to the free and die casting process of optimal content of the processing aid is 0.5 to 3.5 percent by mass.
• the composition for extinguishing a fire contains a thermally dispersible component, an oxidizing agent, an oxygen-containing binder and customary auxiliaries in the following ratio, in percent by mass:
• a thermally dispersible component Potassium chloride KCl 1.0 as an oxidizing agent: potassium nitrate KNO 3 38.5 and potassium perchlorate KClO 4 39.5 as an oxygen-containing binder:
• a plasticizer Dibutyl phthalate 3.5 and processing aids 3.7.
• composition is prepared as follows.
• the composition for extinguishing a fire contains a thermally dispersible component, an oxidizing agent, an oxygen-containing binder and customary auxiliaries in the following ratio, in percent by mass:
• a thermally dispersible component Potassium chloride KCl 5.0 as an oxidizing agent: potassium nitrate KNO 3 16.0 and potassium perchlorate KClO 4 34.5 as an oxygen-containing binder: Cellulose nitrate with a nitrogen content of 12.8% 25.0 as an adjuvant
• a plasticizer Glycerol nitrate 18.4 and processing aids 1.1.
• composition is prepared as follows.
• the oxygen-containing binder (cellulose nitrate fiber) in an amount of 25.0 g is added to a chemical reactor with water with constant stirring, and the resulting mixture is mixed in the course of 15-20 minutes to produce a stable suspension of the cellulose nitrate fibers in the water.
• the amount of water in the reactor is 125.0 g.
• a viscous plasticizer (glycerol nitrate) in an amount of 18.4 g is mixed into the suspension produced with constant stirring as an adjuvant in order to impart plasticity to the oxygen-containing binder, ie to the cellulose nitrate fibers, which facilitates further processing of the composition.
• the glycerin nitrate is added in small portions.
• the suspension is then mixed for 20 to 30 minutes, thereby obtaining a suspension which contains water and partially plasticized cellulose nitrate.
• processing aids are mixed into the resulting suspension in an amount of 1.1 g, the viscous petroleum jelly oil in an amount of 0.5 g, carbon in the form of carbon black in an amount of 0.2 g and crystalline calcium stearate powder in an amount of 0. Comprise 4 g; these facilitate further processing of the composition.
• the suspension is mixed with the additives over the course of 60 minutes, after which it is dewatered by pressing. This creates a mechanical mixture that is kept in the air for 24 hours for further dewatering and "maturing" of the mixture.
• a mechanical mixture with 10 to 15% moisture is thus obtained, which is conveyed into a mixing apparatus. Thereafter, a crystalline powder of the thermally dispersible component (potassium chloride KCl) is added to the mixture obtained in an amount of 5.0 g, the mixture is mixed in the course of 3-5 minutes, after which a mechanical mixture is formed which consists of a partially plasticized binder, Processing aids and a thermally dispersible component.
• the thermally dispersible component potassium chloride KCl
• an oxidizing agent (potassium nitrate KNO 3 and potassium perchlorate KClO 4 ) is added in an amount of 50.5 g, this mixture is mixed in the course of 60 min, whereby a mechanical mixture of a thermally dispersible component, oxidizing agents , a partially plasticized binder and processing aids.
• This mixture is rolled to produce a web.
• the cellulose nitrate is finally plasticized and dewatered by the temperature of the rolls, which is 70-90 ° C.
• a roll is then formed from the web produced and subjected to a pressing process. The further pressing process and the shaping of the workpiece of the fire extinguishing charge is carried out as in Example 1.
• the composition for extinguishing a fire contains a thermally dispersible component, an oxidizing agent, an oxygen-containing binder and customary auxiliaries in the following ratio, in percent by mass:
• a thermally dispersible component Potassium chloride KCl 15.0 as an oxidizing agent: potassium nitrate KNO 3 64.0 as an oxygen-containing binder: Butadiene acrylonitrile rubber 4.4 and polyvinyl butyral 4.4 than usual auxiliaries a plasticizer: glycerol triacetate 3.5 a burning modifier: carbon 7.0 and processing aids 1.7.
• composition is prepared as follows.
• the composition for extinguishing a fire contains a thermally dispersible component, an oxidizing agent, an oxygen-containing binder and customary auxiliaries in the following ratio, in percent by mass:
• a thermally dispersible component Potassium chloride KCl 9.7 as an oxidizing agent: potassium nitrate KNO 3 54.0 and potassium perchlorate KClO 4 10.0 as an oxygen-containing binder: unsaturated polyester resin 23.8 as usual auxiliaries: a plasticizer: dibutyl phthalate 1.0 a burning modifier: carbon 1.0 and processing aids 0.5.
• composition is prepared as follows.
• the viscous unsaturated polyester resin, the viscous dibutyl phthalate, the carbon in the form of carbon black and the viscous sulforicinate as processing aids are added in succession to a mixing apparatus, after which the components are mixed at a temperature of 250 ° C. over the course of 15-20 minutes.
• the crystalline powder of the thermally dispersible component (potassium chloride KCl) is mixed into the resulting mixture, after which everything is mixed for 10 to 15 minutes.
• the crystalline powder of potassium nitrate KNO 3 and potassium perchlorate KClO 4 is mixed into the mechanical mixture obtained, after which the components are mixed in the course of 60 min with simultaneous evacuation of the mechanical mixture.
• the mixture obtained is then poured under vacuum into molds which are thermostated for 10 days at a temperature of 80-90 ° C. to harden the mixture.
• the manufactured workpieces of the fire extinguishing charges are subjected to mechanical processing.
• the diameter of the loads produced is 280 mm.
• an effective extinguishing of power cables from fires Petroleum and gas wells, extinguishing burning gases, liquids and solid materials in any room, for example in offices, garages, Load rooms of practically any content, in elevator shafts, in pits Extraction of mineral resources, in tunnels, including in tunnels Underground, railroad, etc. guaranteed. This is guaranteed Blocking the spread of fire and preventing gas explosions in Operating rooms and in any technological equipment.
• compositions can be in the form of charges with a Mass from 10 g to 2 - 5 t and more depending on the construction of the based on generators built and of the concrete sizes to be protected of objects are used.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
• Fireproofing Substances (AREA)

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• 1992
  • 1992-01-30 RU SU5034846 patent/RU2005517C1/ru active
• 1993
  • 1993-01-28 DE DE59310051T patent/DE59310051D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-01-28 EP EP93905686A patent/EP0627244B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-01-28 WO PCT/RU1993/000025 patent/WO1993014820A1/ru active Search and Examination
  • 1993-01-28 JP JP5513123A patent/JPH07503159A/ja active Pending
  • 1993-01-28 CA CA 2129029 patent/CA2129029A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1993-01-29 CN CN93102376A patent/CN1052661C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

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