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EP0688907B1 - Apparatus and method for the construction of a concrete trench wall - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for the construction of a concrete trench wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0688907B1
EP0688907B1 EP19950401496 EP95401496A EP0688907B1 EP 0688907 B1 EP0688907 B1 EP 0688907B1 EP 19950401496 EP19950401496 EP 19950401496 EP 95401496 A EP95401496 A EP 95401496A EP 0688907 B1 EP0688907 B1 EP 0688907B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
trench
front wall
reinforcement
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19950401496
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0688907A1 (en
Inventor
Nicolas Goulesco
Pierre Richard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bouygues Travaux Publics SAS
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Bouygues Travaux Publics SAS
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Priority claimed from FR9407710A external-priority patent/FR2721633B1/en
Application filed by Bouygues Travaux Publics SAS filed Critical Bouygues Travaux Publics SAS
Publication of EP0688907A1 publication Critical patent/EP0688907A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0688907B1 publication Critical patent/EP0688907B1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E02D5/187Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ the bulkheads or walls being made continuously, e.g. excavating and constructing bulkheads or walls in the same process, without joints

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the execution of a veil in concrete in a trench, as the excavation of the trench.
  • the present invention aims to provide a device which not only protects the digging tool well against the introduction of concrete into the tool, but also to realize a veil of very good qualities.
  • the front wall is provided in its part upper of an upper skirt extending between the walls rear side, in order to avoid overflow of the concrete during its injection under pressure.
  • the invention also relates to a method for carrying out continuous of a concrete veil, in which a device as defined according to the present invention is used and characterized in that a concrete having a compressive strength of at least 100 bar and a tensile strength of at least 100 bar and prestressed concrete in the trench.
  • FIG 1 there is shown in Figure 1, in top view, a device 1 according to the invention, in place in a trench T in running.
  • A the digging zone
  • B the excavated area
  • F the direction of progression of the device in the trench
  • the device 1 is placed in the excavated area B and includes an element 10 to be moved in the trench, downstream which is produced a concrete veil V.
  • This veil is for example a retaining veil provisional or final intended for a building, etc ...
  • Element 10 which is moved from back to front in the trench according to arrow F by any drive means suitable known to those skilled in the art, includes a formwork consisting of a rigid front wall 12, followed by two walls rigid rear side panels 11 extended by rear skirts flexible 13 shaped to apply elastically, so generally waterproof, on the side walls L of the trench.
  • the front wall 12 is generally flat and perpendicular to a vertical plane containing the direction F, and the rear side walls 11 extend parallel to each other and to the side walls L of the trench, and perpendicular to the front wall 12.
  • the formwork constituted by the front wall 12 and the walls rear side 11 thus has a U-shaped section, shaped the dimensions and profile of the dug trench, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the concavity of the U is rotated rearward.
  • Rigid side walls are extended rearward by rear skirts 13, constituted for example by bands of elastomer fixed by a portion of their width on the sides respective interiors of the rigid side walls 11 and the free portion of their width extends outward to contact the trench.
  • metal strips, or other PVC, .
  • the rear skirts 13 extend, as shown in the Figure 2, over the entire height of the rigid side walls 11 in case the front wall is used vertically.
  • the front wall 12 is extended downwards by a skirt lower 14 shaped to be applied to the bottom of the trench T.
  • the rear skirts 13 and the lower skirt 14 close, sufficiently tight, the space between the wall before 12, the rigid side walls 1 1 and the surfaces lateral and the bottom of the trench, so that the injection of pressurized concrete in the formwork formed by the walls rigid side 11 and the front wall does not cause any leakage concrete in the area before digging.
  • Concrete injection preferably takes place near the front wall 12 and in its median plane. It is performed in the example described by means of a tube 20 attached to the wall front 12, extending over the entire height thereof and provided orifices 22 and 23 opening respectively at the end lower 21 of the tube 20, near the lower edge 21 of the front wall 12, and at a point located in the lower part of the front wall 12.
  • the tube 20 is connected in a manner known per se to its upper end 24 to a concrete feeder under pressure known in itself and not shown.
  • This upper skirt 16 is positioned preferably horizontal when using the device and defines the upper surface of the veil to be executed. Thanks to the presence of this upper skirt 16, the concrete can be injected under high pressure in the trench without risk of overflow; the length of the skirt 16 will be chosen in particular depending on the forward speed, the injection rate of the concrete and its setting time.
  • the upper skirt 16 is connected to the upper edge horizontal of the front wall 12 with a possibility of adjustment in rotation around this upper edge, so as to allow a horizontal positioning of the upper skirt 16 when the front wall 12 is inclined in the direction of travel F, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the skirts rear 13 are then preferably extended downwards beyond of the formwork element 10, so as to best ensure sealing between the front digging area and the rear area concrete injection.
  • the drive of the formwork element is made by means of an arm fixed on the front wall 12 on the opposite side to the rear side walls 11 and articulated at its upper part to allow adjustment of the inclination of the formwork.
  • the inclined position of the front wall 12 allows resistance to the effects of pressure at the bottom of the trench, which tend to drive out the formwork element by tilting it in the direction anti-clockwise in FIG. 3.
  • the resistance of the device 1 to the concrete thrust is improved if the lower skirt 14 is friction hold on the bottom of the trench, if necessary using brake teeth 17 projecting from its face higher (or lower as a variant) and making it possible to oppose additional resistance.
  • the material used to dig the trench is also used to drive the formwork element. he can be a slicer 30 as shown in the figure 4. The effectiveness of the latter is then improved by the effect of the aforementioned plating.
  • the aforementioned drive arm, referenced 40 in the figure 4, is advantageously mounted for rotation about an axis horizontal articulation at the rear of a support structure 31 integral with the trencher 30, so as to allow the positioning in the desired inclination of the front wall 12.
  • the structure 31 carries digging means 32 known in themselves and not shown in detail.
  • the front wall is tilted 10 ° or more towards the front with respect to the vertical, in order to counteract the concrete pushing efforts at the bottom of the trench on the wall before, increasing the support force on the bottom of the trench of the formwork element.
  • concrete used in the description, must broadly understood as also referring to everything material of high mechanical resistance, for example concrete fiber reinforced.
  • the invention recommends inject concrete into the formwork capable of resistance to compression of at least 100 bar and resistance to tension of at least 100 bar, and prestress vertically this concrete in the trench.
  • concrete is chosen from fiber concrete or so-called reactive powder concretes. Resistance to concrete compression can be significantly greater than 100 bars, but in the majority of cases it appears sufficient use concrete with compressive strength in the range 100 - 300 bars.
  • the concrete is prestressed by introducing place in place in the concrete that has just been injected vertical frames (50) which are sheathed (51) to be preserved from contact with concrete except for their lower ends (52) suitable for serving as anchors in the concrete at the bottom of the trench and their upper ends (53) capable of being used to tension the reinforcements so known per se (nuts, distribution plates, etc.), the reinforcements are for example cables or straight bars or bent at their lower end.
  • these frames are placed from place to place in the vertical median plane of the trench, as the progress of the work and they are temporarily maintained by any appropriate means (54).
  • the invention makes it possible for example to produce walls molded noticeably thinner than the walls obtained conventionally but with performance at least equivalent.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne l'exécution d'un voile en béton dans une tranchée, au fur et à mesure du creusement de la tranchée.The present invention relates to the execution of a veil in concrete in a trench, as the excavation of the trench.

On connait (WO-A-88 06208) un dispositif qui comprend un élément à déplacer dans la tranchée à la suite de l'outil de creusement, cet élément étant conçu pour établir une étanchéíté entre une zone avant où fonctionne l'outil de creusement et une zone arrière où le béton est introduit dans la tranchée précédemment creusée par cet outil. Plus précisément, ce dispositif est tel que défini dans le préambule de la revendication 1.There is known (WO-A-88 06208) a device which comprises a element to be moved in the trench following the tool excavation, this element being designed to establish a seal between a front zone where the digging tool works and a rear area where concrete is introduced into the trench previously excavated by this tool. More specifically, this device is as defined in the preamble of claim 1.

La présente invention vise à fournir un dispositif qui permette non seulement de bien protéger l'outil de creusement contre l'introduction de béton dans l'outil, mais aussi de réaliser un voile de très bonnes qualités.The present invention aims to provide a device which not only protects the digging tool well against the introduction of concrete into the tool, but also to realize a veil of very good qualities.

On y parvient selon l'invention avec un dispositif tel que défini dans la revendication 1.This is achieved according to the invention with a device as defined in claim 1.

Un tel élément protège parfaitement le béton de la tranchée contre les éboulements éventuels de la paroi de la tranchée et assure une qualité de voile exceptionnelle.Such an element perfectly protects the concrete from trench against possible landslides of the wall of the cut and ensures exceptional sail quality.

Avantageusement, la paroi avant est munie à sa partie supérieure d'une jupe supérieure s'étendant entre les parois latérales arrière, afin d'éviter le débordement du béton lors de son injection sous pression. Advantageously, the front wall is provided in its part upper of an upper skirt extending between the walls rear side, in order to avoid overflow of the concrete during its injection under pressure.

L'invention a aussi pour objet un procédé pour l'exécution en continu d'un voile de béton, dans lequel on met en oeuvre un dispositif tel que défini selon la présente invention et caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un béton présentant une résistance à la compression d'au moins 100 bars et une résistance à la traction d'au moins 100 bars et on précontraint le béton dans la tranchée.The invention also relates to a method for carrying out continuous of a concrete veil, in which a device as defined according to the present invention is used and characterized in that a concrete having a compressive strength of at least 100 bar and a tensile strength of at least 100 bar and prestressed concrete in the trench.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, d'un exemple de réalisation non limitatif de l'invention, et au vu du dessin annexé sur lequel :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de dessus, schématique, d'un voile en cours de réalisation au moyen d'un dispositif selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe verticale dans le plan de coupe II-II de la figure 1, l'élément de coffrage étant représenté en position verticale,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe verticale dans le plan de coupe II-II de la figure 1, l'élément de coffrage étant représenté en position inclinée, et
  • la figure 4 représente schématiquement le dispositif selon l'invention monté à l'arrière d'une trancheuse.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows, of a nonlimiting exemplary embodiment of the invention, and in view of the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a sail in progress by means of a device according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a view in vertical section in the section plane II-II of FIG. 1, the shuttering element being shown in the vertical position,
  • FIG. 3 is a view in vertical section in the section plane II-II of FIG. 1, the formwork element being shown in an inclined position, and
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents the device according to the invention mounted at the rear of a slicer.

On a représenté sur la figure 1, en vue de dessus, un dispositif 1 selon l'invention, en place dans une tranchée T en cours d'exécution. On a référencé A la zone de creusement et B la zone excavée, le sens de progression du dispositif dans la tranchée étant donné par la flèche F.There is shown in Figure 1, in top view, a device 1 according to the invention, in place in a trench T in running. We have referenced A the digging zone and B the excavated area, the direction of progression of the device in the trench given by arrow F.

Le dispositif 1 est placé dans la zone excavée B et comporte un élément 10 à déplacer dans la tranchée, en aval duquel est réalisé un voile V de béton.The device 1 is placed in the excavated area B and includes an element 10 to be moved in the trench, downstream which is produced a concrete veil V.

Ce voile est par exemple un voile de soutènement provisoire ou définitif destiné à un bâtiment, etc....This veil is for example a retaining veil provisional or final intended for a building, etc ...

L'élément 10, qui est déplacé de l'arrière vers l'avant dans la tranchée selon la flèche F par tout moyen d'entraínement approprié connu de l'homme du métier, comprend un coffrage constitué d'une paroi avant rigide 12, suivie de deux parois latérales arrière rigides 11 prolongées par des jupes arrière souples 13 conformées pour s'appliquer élastiquement, de façon généralement étanche, sur les parois latérales L de la tranchée.Element 10, which is moved from back to front in the trench according to arrow F by any drive means suitable known to those skilled in the art, includes a formwork consisting of a rigid front wall 12, followed by two walls rigid rear side panels 11 extended by rear skirts flexible 13 shaped to apply elastically, so generally waterproof, on the side walls L of the trench.

La paroi avant 12 est généralement plane et perpendiculaire à un plan vertical contenant la direction d'avancement F, et les parois latérales arrière 11 s'étendent parallèlement entre elles et aux parois latérales L de la tranchée, et perpendiculairement à la paroi avant 12.The front wall 12 is generally flat and perpendicular to a vertical plane containing the direction F, and the rear side walls 11 extend parallel to each other and to the side walls L of the trench, and perpendicular to the front wall 12.

Le coffrage constitué par la paroi avant 12 et les parois latérales arrière 11 présente ainsi une section en U, conformée aux dimensions et au profil de la tranchée creusée, comme représenté sur les figures 1 et 2. La concavité du U est tournée vers l'arrière.The formwork constituted by the front wall 12 and the walls rear side 11 thus has a U-shaped section, shaped the dimensions and profile of the dug trench, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The concavity of the U is rotated rearward.

Les parois latérales rigides sont prolongées vers l'arrière par des jupes arrière 13, constituées par exemple par des bandes d'élastomère fixées par une portion de leur largeur sur les côtés intérieurs respectifs des parois latérales rigides 11 et dont la portion libre de leur largeur s'étend vers l'extérieur pour contacter la tranchée. On peut naturellement les remplacer, sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, par des bandes de métal, ou autre (PVC, ...).Rigid side walls are extended rearward by rear skirts 13, constituted for example by bands of elastomer fixed by a portion of their width on the sides respective interiors of the rigid side walls 11 and the free portion of their width extends outward to contact the trench. We can naturally replace them, without depart from the scope of the present invention, by metal strips, or other (PVC, ...).

Les jupes arrière 13 s'étendent, comme représenté sur la figure 2, sur toute la hauteur des parois latérales rigides 11 dans le cas où la paroi avant est utilisée verticalement. The rear skirts 13 extend, as shown in the Figure 2, over the entire height of the rigid side walls 11 in case the front wall is used vertically.

La paroi avant 12 est prolongée vers le bas par une jupe inférieure 14 conformée pour s'appliquer sur le fond de la tranchée T.The front wall 12 is extended downwards by a skirt lower 14 shaped to be applied to the bottom of the trench T.

Les jupes arrière 13 et la jupe inférieure 14 ferment, de façon suffisamment étanche, l'espace compris entre la paroi avant 12, les parois latérales rigides 1 1 et les surfaces latérales et le fond de la tranchée, de sorte que l'injection de béton sous pression dans le coffrage constitué par les parois latérales rigides 11 et la paroi avant n'entraíne aucune fuite de béton dans la zone avant de creusement.The rear skirts 13 and the lower skirt 14 close, sufficiently tight, the space between the wall before 12, the rigid side walls 1 1 and the surfaces lateral and the bottom of the trench, so that the injection of pressurized concrete in the formwork formed by the walls rigid side 11 and the front wall does not cause any leakage concrete in the area before digging.

L'injection de béton a lieu de préférence à proximité de la paroi avant 12 et dans son plan médian. Elle est effectuée dans l'exemple décrit au moyen d'un tube 20 rapporté sur la paroi avant 12, s'étendant sur toute la hauteur de celle-ci et muni d'orifices 22 et 23 débouchant respectivement à l'extrémité inférieure 21 du tube 20, à proximité du bord inférieur 21 de la paroi avant 12, et en un point situé en partie inférieure de la paroi avant 12.Concrete injection preferably takes place near the front wall 12 and in its median plane. It is performed in the example described by means of a tube 20 attached to the wall front 12, extending over the entire height thereof and provided orifices 22 and 23 opening respectively at the end lower 21 of the tube 20, near the lower edge 21 of the front wall 12, and at a point located in the lower part of the front wall 12.

Le tube 20 est raccordé de façon connue en soi à son extrémité supérieure 24 à un dispositif d'alimentation en béton sous pression connu en lui-même et non représenté.The tube 20 is connected in a manner known per se to its upper end 24 to a concrete feeder under pressure known in itself and not shown.

L'amenée du béton sous forte pression entre les parois latérales arrière 11 aurait pour effet de provoquer un débordement du béton par le haut hors de la tranchée s'il n'était prévu une jupe supérieure 16 de confinement du béton entre les parois latérales. Cette jupe supérieure 16 est positionnée de préférence à l'horizontal lors de l'utilisation du dispositif et définit la surface supérieure du voile à exécuter. Grâce à la présence de cette jupe supérieure 16, le béton peut être injecté sous une pression élevée dans la tranchée sans risque de débordement ; la longueur de la jupe 16 sera notamment choisie en fonction de la vitesse d'avancement, du débit d'injection du béton et de son temps de prise.Bringing concrete under high pressure between the walls rear side 11 would cause a concrete overflow from above the trench if it were not provided an upper skirt 16 for confining the concrete between the side walls. This upper skirt 16 is positioned preferably horizontal when using the device and defines the upper surface of the veil to be executed. Thanks to the presence of this upper skirt 16, the concrete can be injected under high pressure in the trench without risk of overflow; the length of the skirt 16 will be chosen in particular depending on the forward speed, the injection rate of the concrete and its setting time.

La jupe supérieure 16 est reliée au bord supérieur horizontal de la paroi avant 12 avec une possibilité de réglage en rotation autour de ce bord supérieur, de manière à permettre un positionnement horizontal de la jupe supérieure 16 lorsque la paroi avant 12 est inclinée dans le sens d'avancement F, comme représenté sur la figure 3. Dans cette position inclinée d'utilisation du dispositif, qui est adoptée lorsque la tranchée est profonde, comme cela est expliqué dans la suite, les jupes arrière 13 sont alors, de préférence, prolongées vers le bas au-delà de l'élément de coffrage 10, de manière à assurer au mieux l'étanchéité entre la zone avant de creusement et la zone arrière d'injection du béton.The upper skirt 16 is connected to the upper edge horizontal of the front wall 12 with a possibility of adjustment in rotation around this upper edge, so as to allow a horizontal positioning of the upper skirt 16 when the front wall 12 is inclined in the direction of travel F, as shown in Figure 3. In this inclined position of use of the device, which is adopted when the trench is deep, as explained below, the skirts rear 13 are then preferably extended downwards beyond of the formwork element 10, so as to best ensure sealing between the front digging area and the rear area concrete injection.

De préférence, l'entraínement de l'élément de coffrage se fait au moyen d'un bras fixé sur la paroi avant 12 du côté opposé aux parois latérales arrière 11 et articulé à sa partie supérieure pour permettre un réglage de l'inclinaison de l'élément de coffrage.Preferably, the drive of the formwork element is made by means of an arm fixed on the front wall 12 on the opposite side to the rear side walls 11 and articulated at its upper part to allow adjustment of the inclination of the formwork.

La position inclinée de la paroi avant 12 permet de résister aux effets de la pression en fond de tranchée, qui tendent à chasser l'élément de coffrage en le faisant basculer dans le sens anti-horaire sur la figure 3. La résistance du dispositif 1 à la poussée du béton est améliorée si la jupe inférieure 14 est retenue par frottement sur le fond de la tranchée, si nécessaire à l'aide de dents de freinage 17 formant saillie sur sa face supérieure (ou inférieure en variante) et permettant d'opposer une résistance supplémentaire.The inclined position of the front wall 12 allows resistance to the effects of pressure at the bottom of the trench, which tend to drive out the formwork element by tilting it in the direction anti-clockwise in FIG. 3. The resistance of the device 1 to the concrete thrust is improved if the lower skirt 14 is friction hold on the bottom of the trench, if necessary using brake teeth 17 projecting from its face higher (or lower as a variant) and making it possible to oppose additional resistance.

La pression du béton crée, puisque la jupe inférieure 14 empêche le basculement de la paroi avant dans le sens anti-horaire sur la figure 3, un effort sur le bras d'entraínement de l'élément de coffrage tendant à plaquer au sol le matériel utilisé pour déplacer le bras.The pressure of the concrete creates, since the lower skirt 14 prevents the front wall from tilting counterclockwise in Figure 3, an effort on the drive arm of the formwork element tending to press the material used on the ground to move the arm.

Avantageusement, le matériel utilisé pour creuser la tranchée sert également à entraíner l'élément de coffrage. Il peut s'agir d'une trancheuse 30 comme représenté sur la figure 4. L'efficacité de cette dernière est alors améliorée par l'effet de plaquage précité.Advantageously, the material used to dig the trench is also used to drive the formwork element. he can be a slicer 30 as shown in the figure 4. The effectiveness of the latter is then improved by the effect of the aforementioned plating.

Le bras d'entraínement précité, référencé 40 sur la figure 4, est avantageusement monté à rotation autour d'un axe d'articulation horizontal à l'arrière d'une structure porteuse 31 solidaire de la trancheuse 30, de manière à permettre le positionnement dans l'inclinaison voulue de la paroi avant 12. La structure 31 porte des moyens de creusement 32 connus en eux-mêmes et non représentés en détail.The aforementioned drive arm, referenced 40 in the figure 4, is advantageously mounted for rotation about an axis horizontal articulation at the rear of a support structure 31 integral with the trencher 30, so as to allow the positioning in the desired inclination of the front wall 12. The structure 31 carries digging means 32 known in themselves and not shown in detail.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif selon l'invention, associé à une trancheuse, est le suivant.The operation of the device according to the invention, associated to a slicer, is as follows.

A mesure de l'avancement de la trancheuse 30 et de l'élément de coffrage 10, du béton est injecté entre les parois latérales rigides 11 par le tube 20 et le voile V est ainsi exécuté en continu sans risque de contamination du béton liquide par des éboulements de la tranchée, puisque la mise en place du béton dans cette dernière s'effectue à l'abri de l'élément de coffrage 10.As the slicer 30 progresses and the formwork element 10, concrete is injected between the walls rigid side 11 by the tube 20 and the veil V is thus executed continuously without risk of contamination of liquid concrete by landslides of the trench, since the placement of concrete in the latter takes place away from the formwork element 10.

Lorsque la tranchée est peu profonde, il n'est pas nécessaire d'incliner l'élément de coffrage pour résister aux forces de poussée exercées par le béton en fond de tranchée sur la paroi avant 12.When the trench is shallow, it is not necessary to tilt the formwork element to resist thrust forces exerted by concrete at the bottom of the trench on the front wall 12.

Par contre, pour des profondeurs de l'ordre de la dizaine de mètres ou plus, et pour bénéficier de l'effet de plaquage précité, on donne à la paroi avant une inclinaison de 10° ou plus vers l'avant par rapport à la verticale, afin de contrecarrer les efforts de poussée du béton en fond de tranchée sur la paroi avant, en augmentant la force d'appui sur le fond de la tranchée de l'élément de coffrage.On the other hand, for depths of the order of ten meters or more, and to benefit from the aforementioned tackling effect, the front wall is tilted 10 ° or more towards the front with respect to the vertical, in order to counteract the concrete pushing efforts at the bottom of the trench on the wall before, increasing the support force on the bottom of the trench of the formwork element.

Le terme "béton", utilisé dans la description, doit s'entendre de façon large comme désignant également tout matériau de résistance mécanique élevée, par exemple un béton renforcé par fibres.The term "concrete", used in the description, must broadly understood as also referring to everything material of high mechanical resistance, for example concrete fiber reinforced.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, l'invention préconise d'injecter dans le coffrage un béton capable d'une résistance à la compression d'au moins 100 bars et d'une résistance à la traction d'au moins 100 bars, et de précontraindre verticalement ce béton dans la tranchée. In a preferred embodiment, the invention recommends inject concrete into the formwork capable of resistance to compression of at least 100 bar and resistance to tension of at least 100 bar, and prestress vertically this concrete in the trench.

On choisit par exemple le béton parmi les bétons de fibres ou les bétons dits de poudre réactive. La résistance à la compression du béton peut être notablement supérieure à 100 bars, mais dans la majorité des cas, il apparaít suffisant d'utiliser un béton ayant une résistance à la compression dans la gamme 100 - 300 bars.For example, concrete is chosen from fiber concrete or so-called reactive powder concretes. Resistance to concrete compression can be significantly greater than 100 bars, but in the majority of cases it appears sufficient use concrete with compressive strength in the range 100 - 300 bars.

De préférence, on précontraint le béton en introduisant de place en place dans le béton qui vient d'être injecté des armatures verticales (50) qui sont gaínées (51) pour être préservées du contact avec le béton à l'exception de leurs extrémités inférieures (52) aptes à servir d'ancrages dans le béton au fond de la tranchée et de leurs extrémités supérieures (53) aptes à être sollicitées pour tendre les armatures de façon en soi connue (écrous, plaques de répartition, etc...), les armatures sont par exemble des câbles ou des barres rectilignes ou recourbés à leur extrémité inférieure.Preferably, the concrete is prestressed by introducing place in place in the concrete that has just been injected vertical frames (50) which are sheathed (51) to be preserved from contact with concrete except for their lower ends (52) suitable for serving as anchors in the concrete at the bottom of the trench and their upper ends (53) capable of being used to tension the reinforcements so known per se (nuts, distribution plates, etc.), the reinforcements are for example cables or straight bars or bent at their lower end.

De préférence, on dispose ces armatures de place en place dans le plan médian vertical de la tranchée, au fur et à mesure de l'avancement de l'ouvrage et on les maintient provisoirement par tout moyen approprié (54).Preferably, these frames are placed from place to place in the vertical median plane of the trench, as the progress of the work and they are temporarily maintained by any appropriate means (54).

La combinaison du coffrage, du choix du béton et des armatures précontraintes permet d'obtenir des résultats et des avantages très supérieurs à ceux obtenus avec le matériel connu et des bétons ordinaires, mêmes renforcés par des armatures passives.The combination of formwork, choice of concrete and prestressed reinforcement provides results and advantages far superior to those obtained with known equipment and ordinary concrete, even reinforced with reinforcements passive.

L'invention permet par exemple de réaliser des parois moulées sensiblement moins épaisses que les parois obtenues classiquement mais présentant des performances au moins équivalentes.The invention makes it possible for example to produce walls molded noticeably thinner than the walls obtained conventionally but with performance at least equivalent.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple de réalisation décrit. On peut remplacer la trancheuse par d'autres matériels d'excavation connus, ou simplement monter le dispositif à l'arrière d'un tracteur dans une tranchée préalablement creusée.Of course, the invention is not limited to the example of realization described. You can replace the slicer with others known excavation equipment, or simply mount the device at the rear of a tractor in a trench previously dug.

Claims (10)

  1. Apparatus for constructing a concrete wall in a trench as the trench is being dug, the apparatus comprising an element (10) fixed at the back of the machine (30) which includes the digging tool so to be moved along the trench behind the digging tool, said element being designed to provide sealing between a front zone (A) in which the digging tool operates and a rear zone (B) in which concrete is inserted into the trench (T) previously dug by the tool, the element comprising a rigid front wall (12), a skirt (14) which extends said rigid wall downwards and which is shaped to bear against the bottom of the trench, and side skirts (13) shaped to bear resiliently against the side walls of the trench, the apparatus being characterized in that said element comprises, between said front wall (12) and said side skirts (13), rigid side walls(11) which extend parallel to each other perpendicularly to the front wall and which co-operate with said front wall to constitute shuttering in which sealing is provided by the front wall and by said skirts, means being provided to inject liquid concrete under pressure into the shuttering from close to the bottom portion of the front wall so that concrete is put into the trench without any risk of the liquid concrete being contaminated by falling-in from the trench.
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the front wall (12) is provided at its top with a top skirt (16) extending between said rigid side walls(11) and designed to prevent the concrete overflowing while it is being injected under pressure.
  3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that said element (10) is connected to said machine (30) by a hinged link suitable for enabling the forward inclination of said element to be adjusted while it is progressing along the trench so as to improve the resistance of the element to thrust forces due to the pressure of the concrete at the bottom of the trench.
  4. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bottom skirt (14) is provided with a brake (17) suitable for exerting a force opposing the advance of the element in the trench.
  5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the brake is constituted by one or more brake teeth (17) projecting from the surface of the bottom skirt.
  6. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said injection means comprise a tube (20) fitted on the front wall (12), extending vertically along said wall, and provided with openings (22, 23) opening out into the bottom third region of said front wall.
  7. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises reinforcement (50) for insertion at intervals into the concrete before its sets, said reinforcement presenting vertical portions that are sheathed (51) to be preserved from contact with the concrete except at their bottom ends (52) suitable for acting as anchors in the concrete at the bottom of the trench, and except for their top ends (53) suitable for being stressed to tension the reinforcement, the apparatus also comprising means for exerting vertical traction on the reinforcement.
  8. A method of continuously constructing a concrete wall by implementing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method being characterized in that the concrete used presents compression strength of not less than 100 bars and traction strength of not less than 100 bars, and in that the concrete is prestressed in the trench.
  9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the concrete which has just been injected has vertical reinforcement inserted therein, which reinforcement is sheathed so as to be protected from coming into contact with the concrete, except for the bottom ends thereof which are suitable for acting as anchors in the concrete at the bottom of the trench, and except for the top ends thereof which are suitable for being stressed to tension the reinforcement, and in that vertical traction is exerted on said reinforcement.
  10. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the reinforcement is placed at intervals in the vertical mid-plane of the trench.
EP19950401496 1994-06-23 1995-06-23 Apparatus and method for the construction of a concrete trench wall Expired - Lifetime EP0688907B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9407710 1994-06-23
FR9407710A FR2721633B1 (en) 1994-06-23 1994-06-23 Device and method for the execution of a concrete veil in a trench.
FR9507485A FR2721634A1 (en) 1994-06-23 1995-06-22 Device and method for the execution of a concrete veil in a trench
FR9507485 1995-06-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0688907A1 EP0688907A1 (en) 1995-12-27
EP0688907B1 true EP0688907B1 (en) 2001-08-29

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EP19950401496 Expired - Lifetime EP0688907B1 (en) 1994-06-23 1995-06-23 Apparatus and method for the construction of a concrete trench wall

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0688907B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69522383T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2721634A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3604736A1 (en) * 1986-02-14 1986-07-17 Andert, Kurt, Dipl.-Ing., 2900 Oldenburg Cut wall
FR2611219B3 (en) * 1987-02-20 1989-06-09 Louis Claude METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING A WALL IN THE GROUND

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0688907A1 (en) 1995-12-27
FR2721634A1 (en) 1995-12-29
DE69522383T2 (en) 2002-05-23
DE69522383D1 (en) 2001-10-04
FR2721634B1 (en) 1997-02-07

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