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EP0679318B1 - Ensemble antenne radio pour la bande d'ondes decimetriques monte sur vehicules - Google Patents

Ensemble antenne radio pour la bande d'ondes decimetriques monte sur vehicules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0679318B1
EP0679318B1 EP95900076A EP95900076A EP0679318B1 EP 0679318 B1 EP0679318 B1 EP 0679318B1 EP 95900076 A EP95900076 A EP 95900076A EP 95900076 A EP95900076 A EP 95900076A EP 0679318 B1 EP0679318 B1 EP 0679318B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
radio
arrangement according
elements
pane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95900076A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0679318A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Lindenmeier
Jochen Hopf
Leopold Reiter
Rainer Kronberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0679318A1 publication Critical patent/EP0679318A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radio antenna arrangement for vehicles for radio connections with terrestrial radio stations in the frequency range of the decimeter wave range after The preamble of claim 1 and claim 10.
  • a radio antenna arrangement can be used advantageously e.g. for the radio systems of mobile communication (Car phone in the D or E network or for trunked radio systems).
  • the invention is first to briefly explain this radio antenna arrangement according to this document with the problems on which it is based.
  • Such antennas are known from everyday radio practice and are usually rod-shaped antennas with the character of an electrical monopole or dipole and are either on the vehicle roof, on one of the fenders or, if no mounting hole is to be made in the vehicle body, in the upper area the vehicle rear window applied, the antenna element is then attached to the outside of the glass pane and is often fed capacitively through the glass pane.
  • Such an antenna is known from the document USA-A-4 764 773 .
  • the characteristic of the horizontal diagrams sought for motor vehicle radio antennas with the most uniform possible radiation in all azimuthal spatial directions is in the Practice therefore only with electrically short antenna elements according to the prior art approximately achieved by rotationally symmetrical elements in the middle of the vehicle roof.
  • the vehicle roof forms an essentially flat partial surface of the body with horizontal alignment with central attachment of the antenna element, an environment, where due to their size, the rotational symmetry of the radiation largely can train undisturbed.
  • a reduction in the coupling to the vehicle body can be achieved through special Antenna elements can be reached, the center of radiation of which is significantly distant from the Body is lying, which usually leads to very large body heights.
  • This technique aims depends on generating small currents on the body surface to make the rotationally asymmetrical To keep the radiation proportion as small as possible.
  • Very good levels of decoupling Of the body are often achieved in that antennas of length ⁇ / 2 over a Feed line at a distance of several decimeters (often more than 50 cm) above the vehicle body be attached, resulting in a disadvantageously large overall height of the entire antenna arrangement results.
  • Such antennas therefore necessarily have a length that is significantly greater than ⁇ / 4, namely ⁇ / 2 or longer, which in addition to the often insufficient Rotational symmetry of the radiation is also a serious disadvantage in practice, e.g. due to increased wind noise.
  • shorter, essentially vertically polarized monopole antenna elements A length of ⁇ / 4 or less carry strong currents at the feed point and are in consideration on their radiation diagram with regard to their structure on an electrically conductive Body part area instructed, which in all azimuthal directions over a distance of at least two wavelengths is largely flat and oriented horizontally. Is this Condition not met because the antenna element e.g. near a crease line of the Body, so near the edge of a partial area is attached where this partial area the vehicle body with a different partial surface with different inclination collides, then there is the undesirable rotational asymmetry described Radiation. Similar relationships arise, for example, when the antenna element in the Proximity of the boundary line of two partial surfaces made of different materials, such as Body panel and window glass - is attached.
  • a preferred mounting point for antenna elements in terms of vehicle technology is exemplary in the middle of the vehicle on the roof of the vehicle near the rear roof edge or at the top of the rear window pane. In both cases that is Antenna element mounted on a partial surface of the body in such a way that the rotational symmetry the radiation from the vehicle body is disturbed.
  • the aforementioned older invention is limited to antenna elements that are mounted on a motor vehicle window, e.g. B. a motor vehicle rear window are attached. This represents one
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a radio antenna arrangement in which, despite the existing radiation coupling to the vehicle body, the lowest flat radiation density occurring in the horizontal diagram is as large as possible.
  • the invention is therefore based on the idea of a given vehicle body and at a given installation location, the disruptive influence of the vehicle body on the Radiation with the aid of a group antenna arrangement designed for this vehicle body to reduce or avoid.
  • a radiation characteristic is designed in such a way that the roundness of the azimuth diagram is also in the best possible way.
  • the Group antenna adapted to the vehicle body designed in such a way that by superimposition which is generated by the usually strongly structured vehicle body and the electromagnetic radiation generated by the antenna elements of the group desired radiation properties of the arrangement of vehicle and antenna elements results.
  • the technique according to the invention it is also necessary to generate the appropriate amplitudes and Phase relationships of the antenna currents possible, in addition to one fed Antenna element to use further fed and / or radiation-excited antenna elements.
  • the clear distance between adjacent antenna elements should not increase be chosen large. In many cases you get at intervals of about a quarter wavelength favorable conditions. Distances greater than one wavelength are due to the jitter of the directional diagrams unfavorable.
  • the feeding of antenna elements can either be done in a simple manner common network with defined phase and amplitude relationships of the Antenna currents occur or the excitation of the antenna elements can be done with tuning the radiator geometry, through reactive resistance loading and through the choice of distance by radiation, so that a group antenna with only one fed Antenna element can be realized if all other antenna elements are excited by radiation are. It is essential here that the adjustment of the phase and amplitude relationships forces the inclusion of the shape of the vehicle body.
  • the operation of the invention can be exemplified by three antenna elements, the azimuthal individual diagrams shown in FIGS. 14a to 14c can be illustrated. Due to the influence of the vehicle body, the individual diagrams are in contrast to the diagram of the group antenna in Fig. 14d strongly dependent on the direction.
  • the near range determining the radiation properties is an im Decimeter wave range of much smaller radio antenna element by an order of magnitude smaller, so that the fine structure of the vehicle body and its nature the radiation properties in the immediate vicinity of the antenna element significantly determined. This effect is more pronounced the higher the frequency.
  • the invention is Attaching several interconnected antenna elements to solve the Object of the invention in a relatively narrowly limited, compared to the vehicle dimensions small area possible.
  • the measures taken according to the invention make the radiation, which is undesirable per se the vehicle body excited by radiation coupling is not prevented.
  • the amount and phase are superimposed on a wave field by the large number of radiators, which in total gives radiation properties according to the object of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a group antenna according to the invention with a first antenna element 3, which is on the roof of the vehicle near the rear Roof edge 10 is mounted in the center of the vehicle and fed through an opening in the roof.
  • a further antenna element 8 is attached at a distance 9 in the direction of the rear roof edge, which is also fed through an opening in the roof.
  • Both Antenna elements are because of their small relative distance from each other and with the Body coupled to radiation.
  • the antenna connection point 6 is in the example of FIG Inside the vehicle, a network 4 conducts the high-frequency signal from the antenna connection point 6 to the two antenna elements.
  • Network 4 divides the Power over a low-loss feed network, which in the example of Fig. 1 concentrated low-loss dummy elements is constructed, the network 4 in addition to the radiation coupling through the field another high-frequency coupling path between forms the two antenna elements.
  • first partial area with regard to the material and the position in the room 11 extends from the rear roof edge 10 to the front and to the side, each up to the other edges of the roof area.
  • this partial area is not over for antennas according to the invention such large areas required.
  • What is important for the electrical function is essentially the immediate vicinity around the antenna elements in which the radio field is formed. In practice, this range is shown to be approximately two wavelengths in size.
  • the distance between the first antenna element 3 is less than approximately two Wavelengths to the rear roof edge, so is the homogeneity of the partial surface 11 for the invention Antennas not sufficient and the radiation characteristics accordingly unsatisfactory.
  • the sheet metal surface which bends downwards at an angle 26 represents an adjacent one represents further partial area 12. Both partial areas have in common the boundary line 13 which is shown in this example is also the rear roof edge 10. In this example the inhomogeneity this area is further reinforced by the fact that the sloping downward Body part is short and merges into the rear window, which is made of non-high-frequency conductive Material exists.
  • the circuit arrangement in the network 4 and the resulting impedance coupling of the first antenna element 3 with the further or the further antenna elements 8 can also be from a stripline circuit (Fig.2) or from a combination of stripline circuits and concentrated dummy elements.
  • a stripline circuit Fig.2
  • Fig.2 stripline circuit
  • Such Circuits enable the targeted setting in a particularly advantageous and cost-effective manner the required currents on the antenna elements 3 and 8 according to amount and phase and the adaptation to the characteristic impedance of the feed cable.
  • Another and special great advantage of the stripline circuit is the precisely reproducible Arrangement specifically for large-scale production of such inventive Antenna arrangements is suitable.
  • the antenna connection point 6 results in the resulting radiation characteristic including the radiation coupling of the Antenna elements and their supply and the radiation coupling with the body of the vehicle.
  • the network 4 is accordingly designed so that a defined and Fixed phase and amplitude relationship of the base feed currents of the antenna elements 3 or 8 is present. About this defined phase and amplitude relationship the horizontal diagram of the antenna arrangement according to the invention in the desired advantageous type and compared to the radiation characteristics of each Single antennas improved.
  • FIG. 2 shows a similar arrangement with regard to the antenna elements.
  • the network 4 attached to the top of the roof with the advantage that only a single breakthrough through the roof skin is required.
  • This arrangement lends itself particularly well to networks 4 that use stripline circuits because due to their construction, they are very flat and therefore flat on the outside of the body can be attached.
  • Fig.2 shows a vertical only for ease of illustration standing stripline circuit.
  • the network 4 can also be designed in accordance with FIG. 3a so that the coupling of the first antenna element 3 and of the further antenna element (s) 8 exclusively via the field coupling between the emitters, that is, by the Radiation coupling of the antenna elements 3 and 8.
  • the first antenna element 3 with the antenna connection point 6 on the network 4 via a high-frequency line connected there is only the first antenna element 3 with the antenna connection point 6 on the network 4 via a high-frequency line connected.
  • the radiation characteristic of the overall arrangement will essentially through the entirety of the radiation-coupled antenna elements 3 and 8 including the effect of the vehicle body.
  • each of the further antenna elements 8 with a pure radiation coupling to achieve the optimal horizontal diagram of the required current according to amount and phase e.g. the length of the further antenna element 8 is chosen appropriately.
  • Radiation coupling requires resonance lengths.
  • An antenna element 8 advantageously chosen to be about 1/4 wavelength long if it is at its lower end high-frequency conductive is connected to the body. With the exact length around the ⁇ / 4 resonance then the phase position is adjusted appropriately. Shorter or longer others Antenna elements 8 can also be used when the base of the element is connected with a corresponding dummy element (Fig.3a). With antenna elements, which are shorter than ⁇ / 4, as is known an inductance at the base is required, With longer antenna elements a capacitance is necessary.
  • each of the antenna elements 3 and 8 therefore also has in inventive Group antennas undesirable deviations from the ideal radiation pattern on.
  • the individual diagrams of the individual antenna elements not the same with each other, because of the different mounting points the shading due to the body and the coupling with it are not the same.
  • the Radiation coupling between the antenna elements depends essentially on their length and their distance from each other.
  • the desired improvement in the radiation characteristic can be achieved according to the invention Antennas therefore also through exclusive radiation coupling between the first antenna element 3 and other antenna elements 8 can be achieved.
  • the necessary A high degree of coupling requires a distance 9 that is not too large the individual spotlights.
  • a value of approximately can be used as the upper limit for this distance 9 ⁇ / 4 are applied, with a suitable choice of the length of the antenna element 8 or the antenna elements 8 and / or by wiring with a blind element at the base the current on the antenna element 8 or on the antenna elements 8 according to the state the technology can be adjusted.
  • Figure 3a shows an example of this.
  • the network 4 serves in such cases then only for feeding the first antenna element 3, e.g. for adaptation to the characteristic impedance of the connecting cable 28 to the radio, which is at the antenna connection point 6 is connected.
  • the antenna elements are supplied via the network and if the distances between the emitters are too large, the radiation directional diagram shows the tendency possess strong indents.
  • the maximum distance between two antenna elements chosen not larger than about a free space wavelength.
  • the phase and amplitude states required to achieve the object of the invention are therefore essentially of their shape and position to each other and the radiation coupling with the conductive Vehicle body dependent.
  • the one for this The radiator shapes used can be freely selected within certain limits.
  • antenna elements can also be used a capacitive roof load and in the interest of further shortening e.g. can be connected with dummy elements, usually in the form of an extension coil are carried out (Fig. 4). Even with longer antenna elements with a Length between ⁇ / 4 and ⁇ / 2, the current assignments on the antenna elements can be suitable to be influenced.
  • a radio antenna arrangement according to the invention are the use of a roof capacity and an extension coil antenna elements minimized in length under a plastic radome 32 housed.
  • FIG. 4 also shows a particularly advantageous supply for the antenna connection point 6 via the feed line, without a breakthrough through the roof membrane gets along. This is done using a very thin coaxial cable or a flexible triplate stripline circuit through the area of the adhesive bead of the rear window through to the outside and so sealed with the window adhesive.
  • FIG. 4 shows an antenna arrangement according to the invention which is more advantageous in this respect, in which the first antenna element 3 on this inclined surface, which is consequently the first Partial surface 11 forms, and is attached approximately normal to it.
  • the other radiator 8 is only coupled by the radiation field and sits on the further partial surface 12, which by the approximately horizontal surface of the roof is formed.
  • the first is in the example in FIG. 6 of a radio antenna arrangement according to the invention Antenna element 3 attached in the upper area of the rear window and capacitively in known Feeded through the disc through the network 4.
  • the first face 11 forms the disc here, the inhomogeneity results at the transition to the sheet metal Body on the upper edge of the window.
  • the sheet metal strip above is up to the disc to the roof edge, which is usually approximately flat but spatially in the extension of the Disk is arranged wide, so is a further partial surface 12b corresponding to this sheet metal strip available.
  • the roof area then forms a further partial area 12a.
  • radio antenna arrangements result, if all antenna elements are mounted on or in the vehicle window, such as this is shown in FIGS. 9 to 13.
  • the disc 1 is inclined at an angle 26 to the horizontal. This angle is at today's vehicles between about 10 degrees (sports cars) and about 80 degrees (station wagons).
  • FIG. 7 shows a known antenna arrangement in which the first antenna element 3 and one or more further antenna elements 8 are attached to the vehicle window 1 are.
  • the antenna elements are all essentially normal to the surface of the pane arranged and fed through the disc from below.
  • the network 4 is inside attached to the disc.
  • the inhomogeneity of the first partial surface 11, the disc surface is through its upper edge and the transition to the metallic body given.
  • the connection between the antenna elements is made 3 or 8 and the network 4 via a hole through the glass. To avoid a Such an unfavorable hole is also a capacitive coupling the disc is possible, as in another antenna arrangement according to the invention Fig. 8 is shown.
  • the Network 4 is mounted on the outside of the disc.
  • the coupling of the high frequency In this example, signals through the disk occur only at a single point and therefore particularly simple and advantageous capacitive, the antenna connection point 6 is through the inner Coupling surface and given by the surrounding mass.
  • too capacitive connection can be included in the network 4 in a technologically cost-effective manner, if it is constructed as a stripline circuit.
  • Antenna arrangements as shown in Fig.7 have the disadvantage that part of the Field lines that begin on the antenna elements run through the interior of the vehicle and lead to undesirable high field strengths there. At the same time it is one increased inhomogeneity for the first partial surface 11 and increased asymmetry, which results in an increased shadowing of the radiation to the front.
  • a time-invariant antenna counterweight is also advantageous.
  • This can be as high-frequency conductive surface 29 formed on the window pane, as shown in Fig.8 become.
  • the network 4 itself is advantageous with a conductive Equipped outer surface, which is part of the antenna counterweight in the center of the group antenna forms for the antenna elements.
  • the radiating conductors 20 are high-frequency connected to this conductive outer surface. These rays can pass through conductor 20 attached in a ring around the group antenna to a high-frequency conductor Mesh network can be supplemented (Fig. 9).
  • the formation of the antenna counterweight 29 as a high-frequency conductive Surface has a very advantageous shielding effect against electromagnetic fields, which otherwise push into the passenger compartment.
  • the call for a defined Antenna counterweight can thus advantageously be combined with the requirement for a Field weakening of hazardous electromagnetic radiation.
  • heating conductors there are often horizontally attached heating conductors on the rear window. Points equal DC potentials can be galvanically connected to each other without to influence the heating current flow. By introducing connecting landings The heating field can also be designed as a largely shielding surface for high frequencies and act as an expanded antenna counterweight. To high-frequency currents between the ground plane at the group antenna via the heating field without Influencing the heating currents is a DC-impermeable, frequency-selective Connection in the wire-shaped conductors advantageous.
  • Such frequency selective connections are also necessary if parts of the antenna counterweight as antenna parts for other radio services, which are also on the window pane are attached, are used.
  • An example of this is given for antennas which e.g. act as an AM-FM antenna.
  • As frequency-selective connecting elements mainly capacitive structures are used. It is also very advantageous a coplanar line structure of approximately ⁇ / 4 length for the radio frequency.
  • FIG. 10a and b show an antenna arrangement according to the invention, in which the first antenna element 3 is oriented essentially normal to the surface of the pane.
  • the others Antenna elements 8 are arranged in the plane of the disk and e.g. printed on the inside.
  • FIG. 10 a shows this arrangement as a section
  • FIG. 10 b shows a perspective view.
  • FIG. 11a and b show an antenna arrangement according to the invention (Fig.11a as a section, 11b as a perspective view), in which all antenna elements in the plane of Disc surface are arranged. This arrangement then leads to satisfactory radiation characteristics, if the disc is steep and the antenna elements 3 and 8 are therefore oriented essentially vertically in space.
  • FIG. 12 and 13 show.
  • the advantage of these arrangements results from the fact that no components of the radio antenna arrangement on the outside of the vehicle body are arranged.
  • a metallic cavity 31 is used, which leads to the disk is open towards and for the antenna elements 3 and 8 as a ground plane and as the rear Shielding.
  • the antenna elements 3 and 8 are in the example of Figure 12 in oriented essentially normal to the surface of the pane and normal to the rear of the cavity 31 and are fed by the network 4, which advantageously on the disk facing Back of the cavity 31 is attached.
  • the distance from the back of the cavity In the interest of a low installation height, the pane should be chosen as low as possible.
  • antenna elements are advantageous used with roof capacity and extension coil, with which the length the antenna elements can be made as small as possible.
  • the lower limit for the height of the cavity is a value of about 1/20 of the free space wavelength, since otherwise the transmission efficiency is known to be too low.
  • Fig. 13 shows a similar arrangement in which all antenna elements 3 and 8 in the Plane of the disc are arranged.
  • each of the diagrams has strong intolerable indentations or shading areas.
  • the antenna elements used are each rotationally symmetrical slim and normal elements mounted to the pane surface result from the coupling of radiation the non-roundness of the diagrams shown with the conductive vehicle body.
  • a suitable network 4 which the antenna elements feeds in the correct phase and amplitude and its characteristics through application mathematical optimization process specifically for those on the particular vehicle measured antenna elements have been calculated, this is shown in FIG. 14d Directional diagram reached, which has much smaller indents.
  • a group antenna according to the invention is intended for several radio systems, e.g. the D network and the E network are designed equally, so the antenna elements be designed so that they are functional in both frequency ranges.
  • the network 4 designed so that it is in the two frequency ranges, each for this ensures the required phase and amplitude conditions for the individual radiators, so the group antenna can be used in both frequency ranges.
  • One more way consists of at least partially separate antenna elements for both frequency ranges to use.
  • the radio antenna should always work according to the object of the invention.
  • the network 4 can be designed in this way be that with the help of switching diodes different signal combinations of the Beam received individual signals are formed at the antenna connection point 6.
  • the switching diodes can be controlled in such a way that that the signal combination appears at the antenna connection point at any moment, which results in the best possible reception.
  • the execution of the radio antenna as Group antenna thus offers the advantage of being usable simultaneously as a diversity antenna.

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Claims (26)

  1. Dispositif d'antennes radio de véhicules pour des liaisons radio avec des stations radio terrestres dans la plage fréquentielle de la bande d'ondes décimétriques, notamment au-dessus de 600 MHz, comprenant un premier élément d'antenne qui a le caractère d'un monopôle ou d'un dipôle électrique ayant une composante de polarisation globalement verticale et qui est agencé sur une première surface partielle en un matériau à chaque fois globalement homogène d'une carrosserie de véhicule, matériau dont la caractéristique omnidirectionnelle azimutale est très perturbée par la carrosserie de véhicule l'entourant, dans lequel il est prévu en plus du premier élément d'antenne (3) au moins un autre élément d'antenne (8) ayant un caractère de monopôle ou de dipôle, chaque autre élément d'antenne étant agencé soit sur la première surface partielle (11) soit sur une autre surface partielle (12), les éléments d'antenne formant ensemble par rapport au point de connexion d'antenne (6) une antenne en réseau dont au moins un élément est alimenté et l'autre ou les autres sont soit alimentés, soit passifs et l'antenne en réseau est conçue de telle sorte que des rapports appropriés quant à l'amplitude et à la phase s'installent entre les courants sur les éléments d'antenne individuels et que l'écartement (9) entre deux éléments d'antenne voisins est choisi inférieur à une longueur d'onde d'espace libre, sachant que, dans le cas d'éléments d'antenne orientés selon la normale à une vitre du véhicule, tous les éléments d'antenne ne sont pas agencés sur cette vitre.
  2. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 1,
       caractérisé en ce que tous les éléments d'antenne sont dimensionnés de telle sorte qu'ils ne dépassent pas de la carrosserie de véhicule d'une distance perpendiculaire qui est nettement plus petite qu'une demi-longueur d'onde d'espace libre.
  3. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 2,
       caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'antenne (3) et l'autre élément d'antenne (8) ou les autres éléments d'antenne (8) sont agencés à proximité de la ligne limite (13) ou des lignes limites entre deux ou plusieurs première surface partielle (11) et surface partielle adjacente (12), se rencontrant, de la carrosserie de véhicule (5).
  4. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 3,
       caractérisé en ce que la ligne limite (3) est formée par l'une des arêtes du toit.
  5. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 4,
       caractérisé en ce que la première surface partielle (11) est formée par la surface de toit du véhicule.
  6. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 5,
       caractérisé en ce que le premier élément d'antenne (3) et le ou les autres éléments d'antenne (8) sont tous agencés sur la même première surface partielle (il) (Figures 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4).
  7. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 5,
       caractérisé en ce que le premier élément d'antenne (3) est agencé sur la première surface partielle (11) et l'autre élément d'antenne (8) ou au moins l'un des autres éléments d'antenne (8) est agencé sur une surface partielle adjacente (12) (Figure 5).
  8. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
       caractérisé en ce qu'il existe un réseau (4), en ce que le premier élément d'antenne (3) et au moins un autre élément d'antenne (8) sont alimentés par l'intermédiaire du réseau (4) et sont reliés en haute fréquence au point de connexion d'antenne (6) et en ce que le réseau est conçu de telle sorte que les courants nécessaires en amplitude et en phase s'installent sur le premier élément d'antenne (3) et sur les autres éléments d'antenne (8) alimentés par le réseau (4) (Figures 1, 2, 4).
  9. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
       caractérisé en ce que seul le premier élément d'antenne (3) est relié par l'intermédiaire du réseau (4) au point de connexion d'antenne (6) et en ce que les autres éléments d'antenne (8) sont passifs de telle sorte que les courants en amplitude et en phase sur l'autre ou les autres éléments d'antenne (8) sont réglés par un couplage de rayonnement et par un choix approprié de la longueur de l'autre ou des autres éléments d'antenne (8) et/ou par un branchement approprié à la base (Figures 3a, 3b, 5, 6).
  10. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon l'une des revendications 8 ou 9,
       caractérisé en ce que la première surface partielle (11) est formée par la lunette arrière de véhicule (1) et en ce que le premier élément d'antenne (3) et tous les autres éléments d'antenne (8) sont agencés sur cette lunette arrière de véhicule (1) (Figures 7, 8, 9, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b).
  11. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 10,
       caractérisé en ce que le réseau (4) est agencé sur le côté intérieur de la vitre de véhicule (1) (Figure 7).
  12. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 10,
       caractérisé en ce que le réseau (4) est agencé sur le côté extérieur de la vitre de véhicule (1) (Figure 8).
  13. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon l'une des revendications 10, 11 ou 12,
       caractérisé en ce qu'un écran (29) plat, largement opaque aux fréquences du service radio et transparent optiquement est métallisé sous vide ou imprimé sur la surface de vitre à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur afin de réduire les champs électromagnétiques à l'intérieur du véhicule (Figure 8).
  14. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon l'une des revendications 10, 11 ou 12,
       caractérisé en ce que l'écran (29) plat largement opaque aux fréquences du service radio est constitué de conducteurs (20) imprimés radiaux et concentriques (Figure 9).
  15. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon l'une des revendications 13 ou 14,
       caractérisé en ce que, en plus des structures de l'écran (29) plat, d'autres structures d'antennes (30), par exemple des antennes de vitre pour d'autres services radio, sont agencées sur la vitre, en ce que l'écran (29) plat largement opaque aux fréquences du service radio dans la bande d'ondes décimétriques est aussi constitué en partie de ces structures d'antennes (30) et en ce que ces structures d'antennes (30) sont couplées en haute fréquence et à basse impédance aux structures de l'écran plat (29) avec une sélection sur les fréquences du service radio dans la bande d'ondes décimétriques.
  16. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 10,
       caractérisé en ce que le premier élément d'antenne (3) est agencé sensiblement selon la normale à la surface de vitre (1) sur la vitre et en ce que le ou les autres éléments d'antenne (8) sont agencés le long de la surface de vitre ou entre les deux vitres d'une vitre en verre feuilleté (Figures 10a, 10b).
  17. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 10,
       caractérisé en ce que aussi bien le premier élément d'antenne (3) que le ou les autres éléments d'antenne (8) sont agencés le long de la surface de vitre ou entre les deux vitres d'une vitre en verre feuilleté (Figure 13).
  18. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 17,
       caractérisé en ce que, dans la zone des structures pour le premier élément d'antenne (3) et pour le ou les autres éléments d'antenne (8), il est prévu une cavité (31) qui a un bord électriquement conducteur, dont l'ouverture est dirigée vers la vitre, qui est placée sur l'intérieur de la vitre et dont le bord est relié de façon à conduire les hautes fréquences à la carrosserie métallique (5) et éventuellement aussi à l'écran plat (29) sur la vitre (1) (Figures 12, 13).
  19. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 18,
       caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, entre la paroi arrière électriquement conductrice de la cavité (31) et la vitre, des éléments d'antenne mis en oeuvre sous forme de monopôles, la paroi arrière de la cavité avec le réseau (4) éventuellement agencé sur celle-ci selon la technique des conducteurs en bandes servant alors de contrepoids électrique (Figure 12).
  20. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 19,
       caractérisé en ce que les monopôles sont conçus pour réduire leur forme de construction comme des éléments d'antenne chargés de façon capacitive et éventuellement munis de bobines de prolongement (Figure 12).
  21. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon l'une des revendications 18, 19 ou 20,
       caractérisé en ce que la cavité (31) a une hauteur libre d'au moins 1/20 de la longueur d'onde d'espace libre.
  22. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
       caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'antenne sont agencés sur l'horizontale d'une aile de véhicule et en ce que la ligne limite (13) est formée par l'une des arêtes de l'aile de véhicule.
  23. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon l'une des revendications 1 à 22,
       caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'antennes radio est conçu pour plusieurs systèmes radio dans la bande d'ondes décimétriques avec des plages fréquentielles à bande relativement étroite et de fréquences différentes et en ce que les éléments d'antenne (3) ou (8) ainsi que le réseau (4) le cas échéant et les autres parties du dispositif d'antennes radio qui dépendent de la fréquence sont conçus en multifréquence.
  24. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon la revendication 23,
       caractérisé en ce que, pour couvrir les différentes plages fréquentielles, on utilise aussi ou seulement des éléments d'antenne (3) ou (8) spéciaux.
  25. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon l'une des revendications 1 à 24,
       caractérisé en ce qu'il est formé dans les éléments d'antenne (3) ou (8) des portes de connexion dont la matrice globale complexe est déterminée en amplitude et en phase pour décrire les relations entre les grandeurs électriques à ces portes de connexion (27) du réseau (4) et dont l'excitation par exemple en cas de réception par une onde de réception polarisée verticalement et arrivant horizontalement est détectée pour tous les angles d'azimut de telle sorte que les paramètres de description des grandeurs électriques aux portes de connexion (27), rapportés à l'onde de réception incidente, sont connus pour tous les angles d'azimut, que des valeurs d'amplitude et de phase intéressantes dans le sens de la résolution du problème de l'invention sont déterminées par un calcul de variation pour la commande de la matrice et que ces valeurs sont réglées dans l'antenne en réseau par un branchement avec le réseau (4) et/ou éventuellement par un branchement des portes à des réactances (14).
  26. Dispositif d'antennes radio selon l'une des revendications 1 à 25,
       caractérisé en ce que le réseau (4) est conçu de telle sorte que, à l'aide d'interrupteurs électroniques qui sont commandés par un dispositif à diversité d'antenne, en cas de réception, les signaux des éléments d'antenne (3) ou (8) sont utilisés selon différentes combinaisons pour la formation de signaux de diversité d'antenne en vue de la retransmission au récepteur.
EP95900076A 1993-11-16 1994-11-11 Ensemble antenne radio pour la bande d'ondes decimetriques monte sur vehicules Expired - Lifetime EP0679318B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4339162 1993-11-16
DE4339162A DE4339162A1 (de) 1993-11-16 1993-11-16 Funkantennenanordnung für den Dezimeterwellenbereich auf einem Kraftfahrzeug
PCT/DE1994/001336 WO1995014354A1 (fr) 1993-11-16 1994-11-11 Ensemble antenne radio pour la bande d'ondes decimetriques monte sur vehicules

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0679318A1 EP0679318A1 (fr) 1995-11-02
EP0679318B1 true EP0679318B1 (fr) 2001-04-04

Family

ID=6502760

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95900076A Expired - Lifetime EP0679318B1 (fr) 1993-11-16 1994-11-11 Ensemble antenne radio pour la bande d'ondes decimetriques monte sur vehicules

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0679318B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4339162A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2156202T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995014354A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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US7193572B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2007-03-20 Kathrein-Werke Kg Roof antenna for motor vehicles

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DE4426252C2 (de) * 1994-07-25 1997-10-23 Siemens Ag Antennenanordnung, insbesondere für drahtlose Telekommunikationssysteme
FR2743198B1 (fr) * 1995-12-27 1998-02-27 Eurocopter France Procede pour compenser l'attenuation du rayonnement d'une antenne a haute frequence montee sur une structure ainsi perfectionnee
DE19614068A1 (de) * 1996-04-09 1997-10-16 Fuba Automotive Gmbh Flachantenne
DE19740254A1 (de) * 1996-10-16 1998-04-23 Lindenmeier Heinz Funkantennen-Anordnung und Patchantenne auf der Fensterscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeuges
DE19747961A1 (de) * 1997-10-30 1999-05-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Fahrzeug-Antenne
DE20202334U1 (de) 2002-02-14 2002-06-06 FUBA Automotive GmbH & Co. KG, 31162 Bad Salzdetfurth Kraftfahrzeugantennen
DE102007011636A1 (de) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-11 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Antenne für den Rundfunk-Empfang mit Diversity-Funktion in einem Fahrzeug
DE102008027371A1 (de) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-10 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Antennensystem, Sichtscheibe und Kraftfahrzeug
DE102008039125A1 (de) 2008-08-21 2010-03-04 Kathrein-Werke Kg Strahlformungseinrichtung für Außen- und/oder Dachantennen an Fahrzeugen sowie zugehörige Antenne
US7868835B2 (en) 2008-09-02 2011-01-11 Kathrein-Werke Kg Beam shaping means for external and/or roof antennas on vehicles, and associated antenna
DE102012111571A1 (de) * 2012-11-29 2014-06-05 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Antennenanordnung
US10547372B2 (en) 2014-11-07 2020-01-28 New York University System, device, and method for high-frequency millimeter-wave wireless communication using interface points

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USRE33743E (en) * 1985-03-06 1991-11-12 On-glass antenna
FR2655778B1 (fr) * 1989-12-08 1993-12-03 Thomson Csf Antenne iff aeroportee a diagrammes multiples commutables.
DE4216377A1 (de) * 1992-05-18 1993-11-25 Lindenmeier Heinz Funkantennenanordnung in der Nähe von Fahrzeugfensterscheiben
JPH0664505A (ja) * 1992-08-18 1994-03-08 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 足踏み式パーキングブレーキ装置
DE4318869C2 (de) * 1993-06-07 1997-01-16 Lindenmeier Heinz Funkantennen-Anordnung auf der Fensterscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Verfahren zur Ermittlung ihrer Beschaltung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7193572B2 (en) 2002-05-16 2007-03-20 Kathrein-Werke Kg Roof antenna for motor vehicles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59409715D1 (de) 2001-05-10
DE4339162A1 (de) 1995-05-18
EP0679318A1 (fr) 1995-11-02
ES2156202T3 (es) 2001-06-16
WO1995014354A1 (fr) 1995-05-26

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