EP0647746A2 - Masonry - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to masonrywork having a plurality of courses, arranged one above the other and offset with respect to one another along the masonry wall line, of masonry blocks (1) which, in the interior, exhibit clearances (4) which pass through vertically and are intended for receiving connecting elements. For the simple and rapid erection of a homogeneous wall structure with improved heat insulation, the connecting elements are insert blocks which are offset vertically, by essentially half the height of the masonry block, with respect to the masonry-block courses and engage in a positively locking manner, by means of their upper section, into the inner clearances of the masonry blocks located thereabove. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to masonry with a plurality of layers of bricks which are arranged one above the other and offset with respect to one another along the wall alignment and which have vertically continuous recesses in the interior for receiving connecting elements.

A large number of building systems with masonry blocks of different materials and shapes are available today for the production of masonry. The selection of a suitable masonry depends on the required properties, such as the load-bearing capacity or the heat and sound insulation behavior. Profitability is also an important decision criterion. The cost of masonry depend not only on the actual material costs but also on the working time required for the creation and the associated wage costs. It is therefore desirable to rationalize the time-consuming masonry work. These efforts have led, for example, to the fact that butt joint connections in masonry construction are carried out more and more frequently using the tongue and groove principle. For this purpose, the bricks have projections formed on one of their side faces, which engage in correspondingly formed grooves on the other side face of the adjacent brick. With such shaped stones, the vertical layer of mortar between the individual bricks can be dispensed with and a wall can be created much faster than with conventional walls. Concrete blocks with butt joint connections based on the tongue and groove principle are often walled up with a horizontal layer of mortar between the stacked blocks. Such bed joints made of mortar can lead to cold bridges between the building block layers and, moreover, require not very easy professional handling of the mortar.

From DE-OS 32 36 187 a generic masonry is known, the building blocks of refractory material are held together by connecting pipes. To obtain a flow-tight wall structure, the building blocks have semicircular recesses on their lateral abutting surfaces, which, with corresponding recesses in the subsequent building blocks, form a hole-like receptacle for a continuous tubular connecting piece. Such a wall structure is intended to ensure that, despite the expansion joints between the building blocks for absorbing thermal expansion, a flow-tight wall composite is ensured.

A brick known from DE 38 23 667 A1 has one or more projections projecting beyond a brick cover surface, which engage in matching recesses in the bricks arranged above it. With such bricks, however, problems arise during transport and storage. In addition, there is a risk that the projections will break off or be damaged when handling the construction site.

Another masonry system is known from WO 92 04 513 A1, in which circular depressions are provided on the upper and lower sides of the masonry stones. The connection between the bricks is made by cylindrical plugs that are inserted into the recesses. With this masonry connection, problems arise with the masonry structure even with slight lateral displacements. In addition, the production of the bricks with the matching connecting plugs is complex.

The invention specified in claim 1 is based on the problem of creating masonry that can be created particularly easily and quickly and enables a homogeneous wall structure with improved thermal insulation.

This problem is solved according to the invention in that the connecting elements are insert stones which are vertically offset by an essentially half the brick height relative to the brick layers and engage with their upper portion in a form-fitting manner in the inner recesses of the brick above.

Since with the masonry according to the invention the time-consuming application of the horizontal and vertical mortar layers between the bricks is not necessary, different ones can be used Walls, such as the outer and inner walls of buildings, are created in a particularly efficient manner. In addition to lower labor costs, the masonry according to the invention offers the additional advantage of a largely homogeneous wall. Thanks to the connection system with the insert stones, a solid and uniform wall structure is achieved even without an elaborate butt joint formation with matching profiles on the end faces of the bricks. The required wall and insert stones can be manufactured extremely inexpensively due to their simple shape. By saving mortar joints, in addition to improved thermal insulation, there is also the advantage that the wall composite is not interrupted by disruptive mortar layers and is therefore also outstandingly suitable as exposed masonry. Due to the continuous recesses, the weight of the bricks is also considerably reduced compared to solid building blocks, so that larger formats and thus time-saving masonry work are possible with the same weight.

In a particularly expedient embodiment of the invention, the insert stones lying one above the other are glued to one another at their abutting abutment surfaces and to the wall stones on the side surfaces. This results in a particularly stable and resilient wall structure. In this embodiment, since the adhesive connections are only inside the bricks, the masonry is not interrupted by adhesive layers that go from the outside to the inside, in contrast to the walls built according to conventional adhesive methods, in which the bricks are largely glued to the bed joints.

In an advantageous embodiment, the lowest masonry stones lying on the foundation are correspondingly recessed Capstones used with about 1.5 times the height of the bricks. As a result, the capstones resting on the foundation project upwards with their upper section by about half the brick width compared to the brick. A second layer of bricks with the corresponding recesses can then be placed on these projections. In the remaining depressions on the upper side of the second brick layer, insert stones with approximately the same height as the brick can be expediently used, so that protrusions which protrude upwards by half remain for the subsequent brick layer. In this way, a longitudinal wall can be created relatively quickly and without problems, the insert stones each engaging in two adjoining brick layers and thus ensuring an excellent bond.

Another possibility for the wall structure is that in the bricks, which are arranged on the foundation or the insulating layer applied to the foundation, end stones are inserted with half the height of the bricks. Lower capstones can also be dispensed with entirely, by half-filling the recesses in the lowest bricks with coarse mortar. The first set of insert stones is then placed on this layer with half-filled brick openings at the height of the brick.

The insert stones can also have twice the height of the bricks. This allows a double layer of bricks to be laid before another insert stone has to be inserted for connection.

In order to achieve a continuous finish on the top, even in the uppermost brick layer, capstones with 1.5 times the height of the bricks can be inserted in the penultimate row of bricks. Alternatively, the insert stones corresponding to the brick height can also be used here and the remaining depressions can be compensated with half the height of the brick, if necessary, by means of mortar or end stones.

The connection between two walls that meet at right angles is made possible by erecting overlapping block shares. In order to enable this standard form of corner connection, the recesses in the bricks and the insert stones should have a square or circular cross section and the center of at least one recess should be equidistant from the long sides and one end face of the brick.

For the connection of vertically abutting walls, e.g. for connecting an outer and inner wall, L-shaped connecting stones can be provided in an advantageous manner, each of which has a recess in its two legs for receiving insert stones.

A particularly expedient connection of two mutually perpendicular walls can also be achieved in that a brick has a lateral groove in which a branching stone provided with a recess for receiving an insert stone engages. Both the brick with the lateral groove and the branch stone can be made from the bricks used to build a continuous wall.

There are various options for compensating the teeth in openings in the masonry, such as for doors and windows, or to compensate for wall lengths that cannot be divided by the working dimensions. For example, Compensating stones are provided which have at least half the length of a brick in normal format and have an inner recess for receiving an insert stone. Compensation stones of this type can also be produced in that corresponding break grooves are provided on the blocks in normal format, on which the bricks can be hewn to the desired format by means of targeted hammer blows.

An alternative is the use of extension bricks which, like the bricks, have two recesses, but in which the distance between these recesses is increased by a fixed distance, in connection with push-in stones, the length of which corresponds to the fixed distance, and on at least two opposite sides Have projections for anchoring in the masonry. These projections can lie on the end faces of the insert block, in which case the bricks must be provided with suitable grooves for receiving the projections. They can also lie on the top and bottom of the slide-in blocks, in which case the extension blocks between the cutouts must be provided with appropriate grooves.

A third possibility is the use of correction stones, in which the distance between the center points of the recesses and the closest end face of the correction stone is different and the distance between the two center points is equal to the sum of the distances to the end faces. The distance between a center point and the associated one The face corresponds to that used for normal bricks.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Mauerwerk verwendeten Mauersteins mit einem Einsatzstein;

Fig. 2

einen Ausschnitt des erfindungsgemäßen Mauerwerks teilweise im Schnitt;

Fig. 3

einen L-förmigen Abzweigungsstein;

Fig. 4

einen Abzweigungsstein im Nut- und Federprinzip;

Fig. 5

eine schematische Ansicht zur Herstellung der Nut- und Federverbindung von Fig. 4;

Fig. 6

einen Ausgleichsstein;

Fig. 7

einen Verlängerungsstein;

Fig. 8

einen Einschubstein; und

Fig. 9

einen Korrekturstein gemäß verschiedener Alternativen zur Längenanpassung einer Mauer.

Further advantages and special features of the invention result from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment with reference to the schematic drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a brick used in the masonry according to the invention with an insert stone;

Fig. 2

a section of the masonry according to the invention partly in section;

Fig. 3

an L-shaped junction block;

Fig. 4

a junction block in the tongue and groove principle;

Fig. 5

a schematic view for producing the tongue and groove connection of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6

a leveling stone;

Fig. 7

an extension stone;

Fig. 8

an insertion stone; and

Fig. 9

a correction stone according to various alternatives for adjusting the length of a wall.

In Fig. 1, a cuboid brick 1 is shown with side surfaces 2 and perpendicular end faces 3. The brick 1 has two vertically continuous inside Recesses 4 on. In each brick half is one of the recesses 4, the center of which is spaced from the nearest end face 3 by about 1/4 of the total brick length. The recesses 4 have a square cross section, but can also have, for example, a rectangular or circular cross section. Insert stones 5, each adapted to their cross section, are positively inserted into the recesses 4. In Fig. 1, a cuboid insert 5 is shown, which is inserted into one of the rectangular recesses 4 of the brick 1.

The insert stones 5 are dimensioned so that a predetermined space remains between their side surfaces and the inner surfaces of the recesses 4. The space in between can be filled with a quickly binding adhesive and also guarantees solder corrections and a compensation of manufacturing tolerances.

Both the bricks 1 and the insert stones 5 can be made of different materials, e.g. as masonry brick, aerated concrete block, expanded clay block, sand-lime brick, concrete block or similar be executed. The dimensions can also be selected according to the requirements and execution guidelines.

FIG. 2 shows a masonry according to the invention consisting of masonry stones 1 and insert stones 5. A first layer 7 of masonry stones 1 arranged in a row is arranged on a foundation 6. This first brick layer 7 can be applied to the foundation 6 in a conventional manner, for example with a mortar bed. In the bricks 1 of the first layer 7, end stones 5a are arranged which have approximately 1.5 times the height of the bricks 1. The top section 8 of these keystones 5a thus protrudes essentially by half the brick height relative to the surface of the first brick layer 7. The bricks of the second layer 9 are arranged so that their butt joints 10 are substantially above the center of the underlying bricks 1. Thus, the two end stones 5a arranged in a lower brick 1 each engage in a recess 4 of two overlying bricks 1. In the remaining depressions of the second masonry layer 9, insert stones 5 are arranged which have approximately the height of the masonry stones 1 and connect to the end stones 5a below. Thus, the upper sections 11 of these insert stones 5 protrude by about half the brick height from this brick layer 9, so that a further brick layer can also be placed thereon. This masonry structure continues up to the uppermost masonry layer, whereby a desired largely flat wall finish can be achieved by inserting capstones 5 with 1.5 times the height of the masonry stones in the penultimate masonry layer or by filling the remaining depressions with mortar or half-masonry stones .

A firm connection of the masonry can be achieved in a particularly simple and time-saving manner by introducing a predetermined amount of mortar or another adhesive before the insert stones 5 are inserted into the recesses 4. A rapidly binding adhesive is expediently used. When pushing in the insert stones 5, the adhesive distributes itself in the available space without the need for any distribution line with toothed spatula or the like. would be required. Only the over-swollen amount of adhesive that no longer finds space is removed with a spatula and can be done immediately in the next recess, in which another insert stone is to be inserted. When gluing, the insert stones 5 should preferably not have any holes on the surface, since otherwise the adhesive would escape into the holes instead of into the space between the recesses 4 and the insert stones 5 and would require an increased amount of adhesive to ensure a firm bond.

In Fig. 3, an L-shaped branching stone 12 is shown for connecting two mutually perpendicular walls. The branching stone 12 has the shape of a normal brick 1 with a half brick formed on the side. In the longer leg 13 and the shorter side leg 14, recesses 4 are formed for receiving bricks. Although in the illustrated branch stone the shorter leg 14 has a smaller width than the longer leg 13, both legs can also have the same width, e.g. Butting load-bearing walls with the same wall thickness.

As shown in FIG. 4, a connection between two mutually perpendicular walls can also be established by a brick 15 with a lateral groove 16, in which an end spring 17 of a connecting block 18 engages. The tongue and groove connection between the brick 15 and the connecting block 18 is formed in this embodiment as helical teeth, which ensures a secure connection. Walls with the same or different wall thickness can also be connected here.

From Fig. 5 it can be seen that both the brick 15 with the beveled groove 16 and the terminal block 18 with the matching spring 17 by separating a corner area 19 shown in dotted lines and an edge area 20 shown in broken lines from normal bricks 1. Such helical gearing can be produced by cutting the bricks appropriately on the construction site or more precisely beforehand in the brickwork.

In Fig. 6, a compensating block 21 is shown, which can be used to fill the teeth in windows and doors and also to compensate for lengths that are not integer multiples of the working size given by the brick length. In contrast to the normal bricks 1, the compensating stone 21 has only one recess 4, which is formed corresponding to the recesses in the bricks 1.

The compensating stone 21 can have different lengths. Compensation stones are expedient which have the shape of a brick 1 halved parallel to its end faces 3. As a result, the teeth on windows or doors offset by half a brick length can be compensated to form a vertical closure. Instead of compensating stones with different lengths, a compensating stone 21 with predetermined demolition sections 22 can also be provided, as shown in FIG. 6. Narrow grooves and / or preformed mortar pockets 23, on which the compensating stones 21 can be hewn into the respectively desired format, can be located at respectively predetermined sections. The mortar pockets 23 can be filled with mortar when connecting another brick or when filling a remaining space.

7 and 8 each show an extension stone 25 and a compensation stone 30 according to an embodiment of the invention in plan view. In comparison to a normal brick 1, the distance between the recesses 4 in the extension brick 25 is increased by the section d. In successive layers of the masonry, this extension stone 25 can be used alternately with an insert stone 30. The insertion stone 30 has two projections 31 on its end faces for anchoring, the masonry stones according to this embodiment must therefore have on their end faces grooves with a shape complementary to the projections as the grooves 26 of the extension stone.

FIG. 9 shows a correction stone 35 which can be used as an alternative to the extension and insertion stones shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 for adjusting the length of a wall. This correction stone can be understood as consisting of two sections, a normal section 36 and a correction section 37, the shape of the normal section corresponding to a lengthwise halved brick 1, whereas the correction section can be lengthened or shortened. An extended correction section 37 is shown. In both sections, the distances l 1 and l 2 from the center of the recess 4 to the end face are the same as to the boundary 38 between the sections. This makes it possible to place the correction sections of the correction stones directly on top of each other in a wall, while the normal sections are interlocked on both sides with the masonry consisting of wall stones 1 (or further correction stones if necessary).

Lateral handle pockets can also be formed on all of the stones described above, which facilitate the movement of the stones.

Claims (10)

Masonry with several layers of masonry stones (1) arranged one above the other and offset with respect to one another along the wall alignment, which have vertically continuous recesses (4) in the interior for receiving connecting elements,
characterized,
that the connecting elements are insert bricks (5) which are vertically offset by an essentially half the brick height relative to the brick layers and engage with their upper section (8, 11) in a form-fitting manner in the inner recesses (4) of the brick bricks (1) above them. Masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert bricks (5) are glued to one another and to the bricks (1). Masonry according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that end stones (5a) with substantially half or 1.5 times the height of the bricks (1) are arranged in the lowermost brick layer (7) and the uppermost brick layer. Masonry according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the insert bricks (5) are essentially the same height as the brick bricks (1). Masonry according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the recesses (4) and the insert stones (5) have a square or circular cross section, the center of at least one recess (4) from the long sides and an end face of the brick (1 ) is equally far away. Masonry according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a first wall with a second wall abutting it at right angles is connected by L-shaped branching stones (12) with an insert stone (5) in each leg (13, 14) . Masonry according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a first wall with a second wall abutting it at right angles is connected by bricks (15) with a lateral groove (16) and connecting stones (18) engaging in the groove (16) is, recesses (4) for receiving insert stones (5) are provided in the bricks (15) and the connecting stones (18). Masonry according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that compensating stones (21) with a recess (4) for receiving an insert stone (5) are provided. Masonry according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that extension stones (25) and insertion stones (30) are provided, the distance between two recesses (4) of an extension stone (25) being greater than the distance by a fixed distance (d) between two recesses (4) of a brick (1), the length of the insert brick (30) of the specified Line (d) corresponds, the insert stone has projections (31) on two opposite sides and the bricks (1) on their end faces or the extension stones (25) on their top and bottom sides have grooves (26) that match the projections. Masonry according to claim 5, characterized in that correction stones (35) are provided, in which the distance of the center point of only one recess (4) to the nearest end face is the same as for the brick blocks (1) and the distance between the center points of the recesses of the Sum of the distances from the center points to the end faces.

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