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EP0534580B1 - Doctoring device - Google Patents

Doctoring device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0534580B1
EP0534580B1 EP92250268A EP92250268A EP0534580B1 EP 0534580 B1 EP0534580 B1 EP 0534580B1 EP 92250268 A EP92250268 A EP 92250268A EP 92250268 A EP92250268 A EP 92250268A EP 0534580 B1 EP0534580 B1 EP 0534580B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
doctor
work surface
pivot
doctoring
profile bar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92250268A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0534580A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Zimmer
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0534580A1 publication Critical patent/EP0534580A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0534580B1 publication Critical patent/EP0534580B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F15/00Screen printers
    • B41F15/14Details
    • B41F15/44Squeegees or doctors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F15/00Screen printers
    • B41F15/14Details
    • B41F15/40Inking units
    • B41F15/42Inking units comprising squeegees or doctors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a squeegee device comprising a squeegee device which has a profile bar extending longitudinally therewith and which has its squeegee working edge or surface against a work surface (work surface) such as a table, a roller and possibly a material web lying thereon, a conveyor belt, a Stencil or the like can be pressed, the squeegee being pivotable about a squeegee pivot axis coinciding with the abutting edge or extending in the area of the abutting edge or surface by means of pivot bearings which are arranged in the axial end regions of the squeegee pivot axis and determine their location, and the Profile bar is connected to a part that projects beyond the work surface in the direction of the longitudinal profile extension and is in engagement with a pivot bearing arranged outside and to the side of the work surface.
  • Such devices are used in particular for applying substances to a work surface to be printed or coated.
  • the devices are also used to treat a sheet-like support such as a web, a sheet of material, a roller or a belt by means of a stripping or sealing process.
  • the size of a desired substance space between the profile strip and the working surface in front of the doctor element or a desired contact angle of the doctor element on the working surface is set by pivoting the doctor device, in particular during the doctoring process and determining the swivel device pivoting angle.
  • the position of the squeegee contact edge should not change, or should change only slightly, so that the squeegee pivot axis, which is unchanged in the local position, should coincide exactly or almost with the contact edge.
  • a squeegee device comprises a rod, the two ends of which are fixedly connected to handlebar arms which are articulated on an axle with fork heads.
  • the known device which due to the arrangement of a crank mechanism requires considerable construction and construction work, is only suitable for a doctor blade arranged on the doctor element.
  • the squeegee element is set in a fixed spaced position from the work surface by forced bearing on the joints, in order then to press the doctor blade against the work surface with support against the positively mounted squeegee element by means of an air chamber. With one and the same fixed inclination position of the doctor element, a substance gap is influenced in an uncontrolled manner by changing the air chamber pressure.
  • the rod of the squeegee device must be designed as a support bar that can be subjected to force in order to support the weight of the squeegee device or forces acting on it via the support bar and the bearings. For this reason, the known doctor blade device with the support bar rod must be designed relatively solid, and due to the connections to the bearings assembly, disassembly and cleaning work are expensive.
  • a squeegee device which can be pivoted about pivot joints lying in the extension of the squeegee contact edge is also known from DE-OS 2 209 630. There, similar to the above-mentioned device, a lever construction is required with which the squeegee device is forcibly supported via a support element (support bar).
  • Squeegee devices with a profile strip are also known (EP-A1-0 311 728), which is connected by means of a swivel joint to a holding element which is connected to a carrying bar.
  • a squeegee device special measures must be taken to maintain the position of the squeegee contact edge, and the entire squeegee device is due to the swivel joint connected to it relatively unwieldy, so that handling remains unsatisfactory, especially when installed in the narrow space of circular templates. Handling is particularly difficult when the doctor device extends over several meters.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a doctor device with a relatively light weight, versatile squeegee device, which can be conveniently used in a simple doctor blade device or removed from it, especially with a large length.
  • the profiled strip is equipped with any doctor element such as a doctor blade, a doctor blade or a circular doctor blade, and in that the doctor device is loose, that is to say freely movable over the doctor element in the direction transverse to the work surface lying on it and by means of profiled bar mounting parts on the pivot bearing guide surfaces which are directed transversely to the work surface, is loosely rotatable or pivotably inserted into the pivot bearings in order to fix the pivot axis position, with at least one part of the profiled strip projecting beyond the work surface being firmly attached to a profiled strip Bearing part is connected, which is arranged in the region of the squeegee pivot axis and is preferably circular or circular cylindrical, and wherein the squeegee without a non-positive and positive attachment to the.
  • Squeegee device can only be pressed against the work surface with magnetic force of a magnetic device arranged below the work surface and / or with the squeegee dead weight, and that a section of the profile strip or a part firmly connected to it can be controlled at a radial distance to control and set a squeegee swivel angle (r1, r2) to the squeegee pivot axis and in loose (attachment-free) engagement with a movable across the squeegee and lockable control part is located.
  • the squeegee of the squeegee device according to the invention is particularly light in weight, since there is no support or support bar supporting the weight of the squeegee.
  • a relatively small-sized and inexpensive doctor blade device is obtained, which is a rigid and compact, easy-to-use component.
  • the parts of the squeegee device are rigid, that is, they are connected to one another without joints between the parts. It is also particularly advantageous that the squeegee device is space-saving and that the squeegee device can be easily inserted into or removed from the squeegee device.
  • the design of the squeegee device allows it to be optionally equipped with any squeegee elements.
  • the squeegee device can be pivoted in the pivoted position, particularly in the operating state, about a pivot axis that is fixed in the local position, coincides with the contact edge or at least approximately in the area of the contact edge or surface is permanently adjustable.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that the extension part of the profile strip projecting beyond the work surface is rigidly connected at a radial distance from the doctor device pivot axis with in particular only one steering arm which can be pivoted about the doctor device pivot axis and is arranged outside the work surface area.
  • This is rigidly connected to a bearing part, preferably a circular cylindrical element, which loosely engages rotatably and slidingly between pivot bearing guide surfaces of a guide recess.
  • a control part can act directly on the profile strip or a squeegee part connected to it.
  • the control unit can be placed above or below the work surface as required be installed.
  • a squeegee device with magnetic pressure, it is particularly advantageous to mount the swivel bearings having guide surfaces independently of one another in the direction transverse to the squeegee extension and parallel to the work surface, the control part determining and determining the swivel angle position together with the associated swivel bearing being freely movable on one Bearing part of the doctor device is stored.
  • the squeegee device is freely pivotable about a transverse or perpendicular axis to the work surface so that the magnetically pressed squeegee element with its abutting edge comes to lie exactly flush with the magnetic bar of a magnetic device arranged below the work surface, i.e. optimally automatically in the magnetic field of the magnetic device is aligned.
  • a doctor device according to the invention is designated by reference number 1.
  • This comprises the following, rigidly connected parts:
  • a profile bar 2 is with one above this arranged profile strip spacer 20 provided.
  • an extension part 21 is fastened, which extends beyond the working surface in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the profile bar 2.
  • a steering arm 9 is rotatably connected to the outer end of part 21. The steering arm 9 extends outside the working surface on the front side of the doctor device into the area of a doctor working edge or surface 3 and from there with an arm element 92 into a region to the side and below the working surface 4.
  • the steering arm 9 In the area of the doctor working edge / surface 3 is on the steering arm 9 has a circular-cylindrical element 6 arranged in a rotationally fixed manner, the cylinder axis of which forms the pivot axis 30 of the doctor device 10, this pivot axis 30 being aligned precisely or approximately with the doctor blade working edge 3, that is to say it comes to rest in the latter.
  • a circular cylindrical element 7 is arranged at the lower free end of the steering arm 9. This element 7, the cylinder axis of which extends parallel to the pivot axis 30, can be connected to the steering arm 9 in a rotationally fixed manner, but also in the form of a roller.
  • the doctoring device 10 described above is placed on the working surface 4 by means of a doctor element 33, so that it can be tilted freely about the working edge of the doctor element 33 on the working surface 4.
  • the squeegee device 10 is only freely rotatable about the pivot axis 30 defined in the local position by a guide bearing designated as a pivot bearing 5 and by the free support on the work surface 4.
  • the bearing 5 forms a guide receptacle for the rotary element 6.
  • This receptacle is only equipped with guide surfaces 51 which extend perpendicular to the work surface 4 and parallel to the cylinder axis of the rotary element 6. With its cylindrical surface, the rotating element 6 comes to rest loosely and freely rotatably between the guide surfaces 51. That way it is on the doctor blade 3 aligned pivot axis 30 fixed in its local position.
  • the cylinder element 6 is freely displaceable in directions perpendicular to the working surface 4, so that the squeegee device 10 can be easily removed upwards from the squeegee device 10 or, conversely, inserted into the device.
  • the cylinder element 7 engages in an upwardly open, U-shaped control part 8. Between the legs of the U-control part 8, the cylinder element 7 is loose, i.e. under line contact of its cylindrical surface on the leg surfaces 81 freely rotatable and freely displaceable across the work surface 4.
  • the control part 8 is connected to the frame of a doctor blade machine and is arranged in the direction of the double arrow V so as to be movable and lockable. When the control part 8 is moved, the squeegee device 10 pivots about the pivot axis 30, the cylinder element 7 being moved on a circle with the radius r1 and the extension part 21 on a circle with the radius r2 about the pivot axis 30.
  • the control part 8 is set in a desired sliding position, so that consequently a desired pivot position of the doctor device 10 is set.
  • the profile strip 2 is brought with its profile surface 22 or a doctor element 33 into a desired pivot position about the pivot axis 30.
  • the profile bar 2 can e.g. be equipped with a roller doctor blade 31 or a doctor blade 32, as indicated by broken lines in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a template 42, through which a substance is usually applied to the work surface 4 or a material web 41.
  • control part 8 can easily be arranged above the work surface 4. Such a control part 8 is only shown in broken lines. With its U-legs, it loosely engages around a cylinder element 7 arranged on the extension part 21.
  • doctor device 1 and 2 show a doctor device according to the invention in the region of an end face of the doctor device 10.
  • the doctor device 1 is designed accordingly in the region of the opposite end face of the doctor device 10, whereby what is particularly expedient, the control arm 92 with the control part 8 can be omitted there.
  • Particular attention is drawn to the fact that the part 21 projecting beyond the profiled strip 2 and the steering arm 9 are only provided for positioning the position of the pivot axis 30, so that these parts do not transmit any forces supporting the weight of the squeegee device 10 or serving the squeegee pressure, and consequently with little material. ie are particularly lightweight.
  • the doctor device 10 of a doctor device 1 according to the invention can preferably be pressed by means of the magnetic force of a magnetic device below the work surface (not shown in the drawing), at least parts of the doctor device or the profile strip or possibly the doctor elements being magnetizable. For some applications, however, it may be sufficient for the pressure to be applied only by the weight of the doctor device.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the pivot / guide bearing 5 and a bearing plate 80 of the control part 8 are firmly connected to one another, the bearing 5 and the plate 80 being free in the direction transverse to the doctor blade extension and parallel to the working surface 4 are displaceable in directions B.
  • a guide bearing 5 on the opposite end of the doctor device is firmly connected to an equally freely displaceable bearing plate.
  • the squeegee 10 is freely pivotable about a vertical axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the squeegee, so that the working edge 3 of the squeegee and the swiveling axis 30 aligned therewith are optimal and automatic in the magnetic field of the magnetic device due to the action of the magnetic force comes to rest.
  • the control part 8 can be in any desired sliding position fixed on the bearing plate 80.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Screen Printers (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
  • Rotary Presses (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A doctoring device (1) comprises a doctor device (10) with a profiled strip (2) having a doctor element (30). A part (21) of the profiled strip projecting beyond the working surface (4) is rigidly connected to a bearing part (6) which is arranged and mounted in the region of the pivot axis (30) of the doctor device in such a way that the doctor device (10) can be pressed against the working surface (4) only by magnetic force or weight without force-locking and positive-locking attachment to the doctoring device (1), a part (7) firmly connected to the profiled strip (2) being located with radial spacing (r) from the pivot axis (30) of the doctor device in loose engagement with a control part (8) which can be moved and fixed transversely to the extent of the doctor. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Rakeleinrichtung, umfassend ein Rakelgerät, das eine mit diesem sich längs erstreckende Profilleiste aufweist und das mit seiner Rakelarbeitskante oder -fläche gegen eine Arbeitsunterlage (Arbeitsfläche) wie einen Tisch, eine Walze und ggf. eine daraufliegende Materialbahn, ein Transportband, eine Schablone od.dgl. anpreßbar ist, wobei das Rakelgerät um eine mit der Anliegekante zusammenfallende oder im Bereich der Anliegekante bzw. -fläche sich erstreckende Rakelgerät-Schwenkachse mittels Schwenklagerungen schwenkbar ist, die in den axialen Endbereichen der Rakelgerät-Schwenkachse angeordnet sind und deren Ortslage festlegen, und wobei die Profilleiste mit einem Teil verbunden ist, das die Arbeitsfläche in Richtung der Profilleisten-Längserstreckung überragt und sich in Eingriff mit einer außerhalb und seitlich der Arbeitsfläche angeordneten Schwenklagerung befindet. Solche Geräte werden insbesondere zum Auftragen von Substanzen auf eine zu bedruckende oder zu beschichtende Arbeitsfläche eingesetzt. Die Vorrichtungen werden aber auch verwendet, um eine flächenförmige Unterlage wie eine Bahn, ein flächiges Materialstück, eine Walze oder ein Band durch einen Abstreif- oder Dichtungsvorgang zu behandeln. Durch Verschwenken des Rakelgeräts insbesondere während des Rakelvorgangs und Feststellen des Rakelgerät-Schwenkwinkels wird die Größe eines gewünschten Substanzraums zwischen der Profilleiste und der Arbeitsfläche vor dem Rakelelement bzw. ein gewünschter Anlagewinkel des Rakelelements an der Arbeitsfläche eingestellt. Dabei soll sich die Lage der Rakel-Anliegekante nicht oder nur äußerst geringfügig ändern, so daß die in der Ortslage unveränderte Rakelgerät-Schwenkachse genau oder nahezu mit der Anliegekante zusammenfallen soll.The invention relates to a squeegee device comprising a squeegee device which has a profile bar extending longitudinally therewith and which has its squeegee working edge or surface against a work surface (work surface) such as a table, a roller and possibly a material web lying thereon, a conveyor belt, a Stencil or the like can be pressed, the squeegee being pivotable about a squeegee pivot axis coinciding with the abutting edge or extending in the area of the abutting edge or surface by means of pivot bearings which are arranged in the axial end regions of the squeegee pivot axis and determine their location, and the Profile bar is connected to a part that projects beyond the work surface in the direction of the longitudinal profile extension and is in engagement with a pivot bearing arranged outside and to the side of the work surface. Such devices are used in particular for applying substances to a work surface to be printed or coated. However, the devices are also used to treat a sheet-like support such as a web, a sheet of material, a roller or a belt by means of a stripping or sealing process. The size of a desired substance space between the profile strip and the working surface in front of the doctor element or a desired contact angle of the doctor element on the working surface is set by pivoting the doctor device, in particular during the doctoring process and determining the swivel device pivoting angle. The position of the squeegee contact edge should not change, or should change only slightly, so that the squeegee pivot axis, which is unchanged in the local position, should coincide exactly or almost with the contact edge.

Bei einer bekannten Rakeleinrichtung (DE-A 22 07 935) umfaßt ein Rakelgerät eine Stange, deren beiden Enden fest mit Lenkerarmen verbunden sind, die mit Gabelköpfen gelenkig an einer Achse angebracht sind. Die bekannte Vorrichtung, die aufgrund der Anordnung eines Kurbeltriebs einen erheblichen Bau- und Konstruktionsaufwand erfordert, eignet sich nur für eine an dem Rakelelement angeordnete Abstreichklinge. Das Rakelelement wird durch Zwangslagerung an den Gelenken in eine feste Abstandsposition zu der Arbeitsfläche eingestellt, um dann die Abstreichklinge gegen die Arbeitsfläche unter Abstützung gegen das zwangsgelagerte Rakelelement mittels einer Luftkammer zu pressen. Bei ein und derselben fest eingestellten Neigungslage des Rakelelements wird ein Substanzspalt durch Änderung des Luftkammer-Druckes unkontrolliert beeinflußt. Die Stange des Rakelgeräts muß als kraftbeaufschlagbarer Tragholm ausgebildet sein, um das Gewicht des Rakelgeräts oder auf dieses wirkende Kräfte über die Tragholm-Stange und die Lager abzustützen. Aus diesem Grund muß das bekannte Rakelgerät mit der Tragholm-Stange relativ massiv ausgelegt werden, und infolge der Verbindungen mit den Lagern sind Montage, Demontage und Reinigungsarbeiten aufwendig.In a known squeegee device (DE-A 22 07 935), a squeegee device comprises a rod, the two ends of which are fixedly connected to handlebar arms which are articulated on an axle with fork heads. The known device, which due to the arrangement of a crank mechanism requires considerable construction and construction work, is only suitable for a doctor blade arranged on the doctor element. The squeegee element is set in a fixed spaced position from the work surface by forced bearing on the joints, in order then to press the doctor blade against the work surface with support against the positively mounted squeegee element by means of an air chamber. With one and the same fixed inclination position of the doctor element, a substance gap is influenced in an uncontrolled manner by changing the air chamber pressure. The rod of the squeegee device must be designed as a support bar that can be subjected to force in order to support the weight of the squeegee device or forces acting on it via the support bar and the bearings. For this reason, the known doctor blade device with the support bar rod must be designed relatively solid, and due to the connections to the bearings assembly, disassembly and cleaning work are expensive.

Ein Rakelgerät, das um in der Verlängerung der Rakel-Anliegekante liegende Drehgelenke schwenkbewegbar ist, ist auch aus DE-OS 2 209 630 bekannt. Dort ist, ähnlich wie bei dem vorerwähnten Gerät, eine Hebelkonstruktion erforderlich, mit der das Rakelgerät über ein Stützelement (Tragholm) zwangsgelagert wird.A squeegee device which can be pivoted about pivot joints lying in the extension of the squeegee contact edge is also known from DE-OS 2 209 630. There, similar to the above-mentioned device, a lever construction is required with which the squeegee device is forcibly supported via a support element (support bar).

Weiterhin sind Rakelgeräte mit einer Profilleiste bekannt (EP-A1-0 311 728), die mittels eines Schwenkgelenks an ein mit einem Tragholm verbundenes Halteelement angeschlossen ist. Bei einem solchen Rakelgerät sind besondere Massnahmen zur Aufrechterhaltung der Ortslage der Rakel-Anliegekante zu treffen, und das gesamte Rakelgerät ist infolge des mit ihm verbundenen Schwenkgelenks relativ unhandlich, so daß die Handhabung insbesondere beim Einbau in den engen Raum von Rundschablonen unbefriedigend bleibt. Dabei ist die Handhabung besonders schwierig, wenn sich das Rakelgerät über mehrere Meter erstreckt.Squeegee devices with a profile strip are also known (EP-A1-0 311 728), which is connected by means of a swivel joint to a holding element which is connected to a carrying bar. With such a squeegee device, special measures must be taken to maintain the position of the squeegee contact edge, and the entire squeegee device is due to the swivel joint connected to it relatively unwieldy, so that handling remains unsatisfactory, especially when installed in the narrow space of circular templates. Handling is particularly difficult when the doctor device extends over several meters.

Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Rakeleinrichtung mit einem gewichtsmäßig relativ leichten, vielseitig verwendbaren Rakelgerät zu schaffen, das insbesondere auch bei grosser Längenerstreckung bequem in eine einfach bauende Rakeleinrichtung eingesetzt bzw. aus dieser entnommen werden kann.In contrast, the invention has for its object to provide a doctor device with a relatively light weight, versatile squeegee device, which can be conveniently used in a simple doctor blade device or removed from it, especially with a large length.

Die Aufgabe wird in Verbindung mit den Merkmalen der eingangs genannten Rakeleinrichtung dadurch gelöst, daß die Profilleiste mit einem beliebigen Rakelelement wie einer Rollrakel, einer Streichrakel oder einer Rundrakel bestückt ist und daß das Rakelgerät lose, d.h. über das Rakelelement frei bewegbar in Richtung quer zur Arbeitsfläche auf dieser aufliegend sowie mittels Profilleisten-Lagerungsteilen an zur Arbeitsfläche quer gerichteten Schwenklagerungs-Führungsflächen lose anliegend zur Festlegung der Schwenkachsen-Ortslage in die Schwenklagerungen frei dreh- bzw. schwenkbar eingelegt ist, wobei wenigstens ein die Arbeitsfläche überragendes Teil der Profilleiste fest mit einem Profilleisten-Lagerungsteil verbunden ist, das im Bereich der Rakelgerät-Schwenkachse angeordnet und vorzugsweise rund- oder kreiszylinderförmig ausgebildet ist, und wobei das Rakelgerät ohne kraft- und formschlüssige Befestigung an der. Rakeleinrichtung nur mit Magnetkraft einer unterhalb der Arbeitsfläche angeordneten Magnetvorrichtung und/oder mit dem Rakelgerät-Eigengewicht gegen die Arbeitsfläche anpreßbar ist, und daß sich zur Steuerung und festen Einstellung eines Rakelgerät-Schwenkwinkels ein Abschnitt der Profilleiste oder ein fest mit dieser verbundendes Teil in radialem Abstand (r1, r2) zu der Rakelgerät-Schwenkachse und in losem (befestigungsfreiem) Eingriff mit einem quer zur Rakelerstreckung bewegbaren und feststellbaren Steuerteil befindet. Das Rakelgerät der erfindungsgemäßen Rakeleinrichtung baut gewichtsmäßig besonders leicht, da ein das Gewicht des Rakelgeräts tragender Trag- oder Stützholm entfällt. Man erhält ein relativ kleinbauendes und kostengünstig zur Verfügung stehendes Rakelgerät, das ein starres und kompaktes, leicht zu handhabendes Bauelement ist. So sind die Teile des Rakelgeräts starr, d.h. ohne Gelenke zwischen den Teilen miteinander verbunden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es auch, daß die Rakeleinrichtung platzsparend baut und das Rakelgerät in die Rakeleinrichtung einfach einzulegen bzw. aus dieser zu entnehmen ist. Die Konstruktion des Rakelgeräts erlaubt es, dieses wahlweise mit beliebigen Rakelelementen auszustatten. Trotz der einfachen Bauweise und Handhabung der Rakeleinrichtung bzw. des Rakelgeräts ist sichergestellt, daß das Rakelgerät insbesondere auch im Betriebszustand um eine in der Ortslage festliegende, mit der Anliegekante zusammenfallende oder zumindest etwa im Bereich der Anliegekante oder -fläche liegende Schwenkachse schwenkbar und in der Schwenklage fest einstellbar ist.The object is achieved in connection with the features of the doctor device mentioned at the outset in that the profiled strip is equipped with any doctor element such as a doctor blade, a doctor blade or a circular doctor blade, and in that the doctor device is loose, that is to say freely movable over the doctor element in the direction transverse to the work surface lying on it and by means of profiled bar mounting parts on the pivot bearing guide surfaces which are directed transversely to the work surface, is loosely rotatable or pivotably inserted into the pivot bearings in order to fix the pivot axis position, with at least one part of the profiled strip projecting beyond the work surface being firmly attached to a profiled strip Bearing part is connected, which is arranged in the region of the squeegee pivot axis and is preferably circular or circular cylindrical, and wherein the squeegee without a non-positive and positive attachment to the. Squeegee device can only be pressed against the work surface with magnetic force of a magnetic device arranged below the work surface and / or with the squeegee dead weight, and that a section of the profile strip or a part firmly connected to it can be controlled at a radial distance to control and set a squeegee swivel angle (r1, r2) to the squeegee pivot axis and in loose (attachment-free) engagement with a movable across the squeegee and lockable control part is located. The squeegee of the squeegee device according to the invention is particularly light in weight, since there is no support or support bar supporting the weight of the squeegee. A relatively small-sized and inexpensive doctor blade device is obtained, which is a rigid and compact, easy-to-use component. The parts of the squeegee device are rigid, that is, they are connected to one another without joints between the parts. It is also particularly advantageous that the squeegee device is space-saving and that the squeegee device can be easily inserted into or removed from the squeegee device. The design of the squeegee device allows it to be optionally equipped with any squeegee elements. Despite the simple construction and handling of the squeegee device or the squeegee device, it is ensured that the squeegee device can be pivoted in the pivoted position, particularly in the operating state, about a pivot axis that is fixed in the local position, coincides with the contact edge or at least approximately in the area of the contact edge or surface is permanently adjustable.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Gestaltung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß das die Arbeitsfläche überragende Verlängerungsteil der Profilleiste starr und in radialem Abstand zu der Rakelgerät-Schwenkachse mit insbesondere nur einem um die Rakelgerät-Schwenkachse schwenkbaren, ausserhalb des Arbeitsflächenbereichs angeordneten Lenkarm verbunden ist. Dieser ist starr mit einem Lagerungsteil, vorzugsweise einem kreiszylinderförmigen Element verbunden, das lose dreh- und schiebbeweglich zwischen Schwenklagerungs-Führungsflächen einer Führungsausnehmung eingreift.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that the extension part of the profile strip projecting beyond the work surface is rigidly connected at a radial distance from the doctor device pivot axis with in particular only one steering arm which can be pivoted about the doctor device pivot axis and is arranged outside the work surface area. This is rigidly connected to a bearing part, preferably a circular cylindrical element, which loosely engages rotatably and slidingly between pivot bearing guide surfaces of a guide recess.

Zur Schwenksteuerung und Feststellung einer gewünschten Rakelgerät-Schwenklage kann ein Steuerteil unmittelbar an der Profilleiste oder einem mit dieser verbundenen Rakelgerätteil angreifen. Dabei kann das Steuerteil nach Wunsch oberhalb oder unterhalb der Arbeitsfläche installiert werden.For swivel control and determination of a desired squeegee swivel position, a control part can act directly on the profile strip or a squeegee part connected to it. The control unit can be placed above or below the work surface as required be installed.

Hinsichtlich einer erfindungsgemäßen Rakeleinrichtung mit magnetischer Anpreßung ist es besonders vorteilhaft, die Führungsflächen aufweisenden Schwenklagerungen unabhängig voneinander jeweils in Richtung quer zur Rakelerstreckung sowie parallel zur Arbeitsfläche frei verschiebbar zu lagern, wobei das die Schwenkwinkelposition bestimmende und feststellende Steuerteil zusammen mit der dazugehörigen Schwenklagerung frei verschiebbar an einem Lagerteil der Rakeleinrichtung gelagert ist. Auf diese Weise ist das Rakelgerät um eine quer oder senkrecht zur Arbeitsfläche gerichtete Raumachse derart frei schwenkbeweglich, daß das magnetisch angepreßte Rakelelement mit seiner Anliegekante genau fluchtend mit dem Magnetbalken einer unterhalb der Arbeitsfläche angeordneten Magnetvorrichtung zu liegen kommt, also selbsttätig in dem Magentfeld der Magnetvorrichtung optimal ausgerichtet wird.With regard to a squeegee device according to the invention with magnetic pressure, it is particularly advantageous to mount the swivel bearings having guide surfaces independently of one another in the direction transverse to the squeegee extension and parallel to the work surface, the control part determining and determining the swivel angle position together with the associated swivel bearing being freely movable on one Bearing part of the doctor device is stored. In this way, the squeegee device is freely pivotable about a transverse or perpendicular axis to the work surface so that the magnetically pressed squeegee element with its abutting edge comes to lie exactly flush with the magnetic bar of a magnetic device arranged below the work surface, i.e. optimally automatically in the magnetic field of the magnetic device is aligned.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gehen aus, den Unteransprüchen hervor. Besondere Vorteile und Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachstehend anhand der in der schematischen Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
in Queransicht eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Rakeleinrichtung und
Fig. 2
in Längsansicht eine erfindungsgemäße Rakeleinrichtung entsprechend einer Ausführungsform einer Rakeleinrichtung gemäß Fig. 1.
Further embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims. Particular advantages and embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the schematic drawing. Show it
Fig. 1
in transverse view an embodiment of a doctor device according to the invention and
Fig. 2
in longitudinal view a doctor device according to the invention in accordance with an embodiment of a doctor device according to FIG. 1.

In Figuren 1 und 2 ist die Gesamtheit einer erfindungsgemäßen Rakeleinrichtung mit Bezugszeichen 1 bezeichnet. Dieses umfaßt folgende, starr miteinander verbundene Teile: Eine Profilleiste 2 ist mit einer über dieser angeordneten Profilleisten-Abstandsleiste 20 versehen. An der oberen Seite der Abstandsleiste 20 ist ein Verlängerungsteil 21 befestigt, das die Arbeitsfläche in Richtung der Längserstreckung der Profilleiste 2 überragt. Ein Lenkarm 9 ist drehfest mit dem äußeren Ende des Teils 21 verbunden. Der Lenkarm 9 erstreckt sich außerhalb der Arbeitsfläche an der stirnseitigen Seite der Rakeleinrichtung in den Bereich einer Rakelarbeitskante oder -fläche 3 und von dort mit einem Armelement 92 in einen Bereich seitlich und unterhalb der Arbeitsfläche 4. Im Bereich der Rakelarbeitskante/-fläche 3 ist an dem Lenkarm 9 ein kreiszylinderförmiges Element 6 drehfest angeordnet, dessen Zylinderachse die Schwenkachse 30 des Rakelgeräts 10 bildet, wobei diese Schwenkachse 30 genau oder etwa mit der Rakelarbeitskante 3 fluchtet, also in dieser zu liegen kommt. Ein kreiszylinderförmiges Element 7 ist an dem unteren freien Ende des Lenkarms 9 angeordnet. Dieses Element 7, dessen Zylinder-Achse sich parallel mit der Schwenkachse 30 erstreckt, kann drehfest, aber auch in Form einer Rolle mit dem Lenkarm 9 verbunden sein.In Figures 1 and 2, the entirety of a doctor device according to the invention is designated by reference number 1. This comprises the following, rigidly connected parts: A profile bar 2 is with one above this arranged profile strip spacer 20 provided. On the upper side of the spacer bar 20, an extension part 21 is fastened, which extends beyond the working surface in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the profile bar 2. A steering arm 9 is rotatably connected to the outer end of part 21. The steering arm 9 extends outside the working surface on the front side of the doctor device into the area of a doctor working edge or surface 3 and from there with an arm element 92 into a region to the side and below the working surface 4. In the area of the doctor working edge / surface 3 is on the steering arm 9 has a circular-cylindrical element 6 arranged in a rotationally fixed manner, the cylinder axis of which forms the pivot axis 30 of the doctor device 10, this pivot axis 30 being aligned precisely or approximately with the doctor blade working edge 3, that is to say it comes to rest in the latter. A circular cylindrical element 7 is arranged at the lower free end of the steering arm 9. This element 7, the cylinder axis of which extends parallel to the pivot axis 30, can be connected to the steering arm 9 in a rotationally fixed manner, but also in the form of a roller.

Das vorstehend beschriebene Rakelgerät 10 ist über ein Rakelelement 33 auf die Arbeitsfläche 4 aufgesetzt, so daß es über das Rakelelement 33 kippbar um dessen Arbeitskante frei auf der Arbeitsfläche 4 aufliegt. Dabei ist das Rakelgerät 10 lediglich durch eine als Schwenklagerung 5 bezeichnete Führungslagerung sowie durch die freie Auflage auf der Arbeitsfläche 4 frei drehbar um die in der Ortslage festgelegte Schwenkachse 30 positioniert.The doctoring device 10 described above is placed on the working surface 4 by means of a doctor element 33, so that it can be tilted freely about the working edge of the doctor element 33 on the working surface 4. The squeegee device 10 is only freely rotatable about the pivot axis 30 defined in the local position by a guide bearing designated as a pivot bearing 5 and by the free support on the work surface 4.

Die Lagerung 5 bildet eine Führungsaufnahme für das Drehelement 6. Diese Aufnahme ist nur mit Führungsflächen 51 ausgestattet, die sich senkrecht zur Arbeitsfläche 4 sowie parallel mit der Zylinderachse des Drehelements 6 erstrecken. Das Drehelement 6 kommt mit seiner Zylinderfläche lose und frei drehbar zwischen den Führungsflächen 51 an diesen zur Anlage. Auf diese Weise ist die auf die Rakelarbeitskante 3 ausgerichtete Schwenkachse 30 in ihrer Ortslage festgelegt. Dabei ist das Zylinderelement 6 in Richtungen senkrecht zur Arbeitsfläche 4 frei verschiebbar, so daß das Rakelgerät 10 einfach nach oben aus der Rakeleinrichtung 10 entnehmbar bzw. umgekehrt in die Einrichtung einsetzbar ist.The bearing 5 forms a guide receptacle for the rotary element 6. This receptacle is only equipped with guide surfaces 51 which extend perpendicular to the work surface 4 and parallel to the cylinder axis of the rotary element 6. With its cylindrical surface, the rotating element 6 comes to rest loosely and freely rotatably between the guide surfaces 51. That way it is on the doctor blade 3 aligned pivot axis 30 fixed in its local position. The cylinder element 6 is freely displaceable in directions perpendicular to the working surface 4, so that the squeegee device 10 can be easily removed upwards from the squeegee device 10 or, conversely, inserted into the device.

Das Zylinderelement 7 greift in ein nach oben offenes, U-förmiges Steuerteil 8 ein. Zwischen den Schenkeln des U-Steuerteils 8 ist das Zylinderelement 7 lose, d.h. unter Linienanlage seiner Zylinderfläche an den Schenkelflächen 81 frei drehbar und quer zur Arbeitsfläche 4 frei verschiebbar geführt. Das Steuerteil 8 ist mit dem Gestell einer Rakelmaschine verbunden und in Richtung des Doppelpfeils V schiebebeweglich und feststellbar angeordnet. Bei Verschiebung des Steuerteils 8 schwenkt das Rakelgerät 10 um die Schwenkachse 30, wobei das Zylinderelement 7 auf einem Kreis mit dem Radius r1 und das Verlängerungsteil 21 auf einem Kreis mit dem Radius r2 um die Schwenkachse 30 bewegt werden. Das Steuerteil 8 wird in einer gewünschten Schiebeposition festgesetzt, so daß folglich eine gewünschte Schwenklage des Rakelgeräts 10 eingestellt ist. Auf diese Weise ist die Profilleiste 2 mit ihrer Profilfläche 22 bzw. ein Rakelelement 33 in eine gewünschte Schwenkposition um die Schwenkachse 30 gebracht. Die Profilleiste 2 kann z.B. mit einer Rollrakel 31 oder einer Streichrakel 32 bestückt sein, wie dies mit gestrichelten Linien in Fig. 1 angedeutet ist.The cylinder element 7 engages in an upwardly open, U-shaped control part 8. Between the legs of the U-control part 8, the cylinder element 7 is loose, i.e. under line contact of its cylindrical surface on the leg surfaces 81 freely rotatable and freely displaceable across the work surface 4. The control part 8 is connected to the frame of a doctor blade machine and is arranged in the direction of the double arrow V so as to be movable and lockable. When the control part 8 is moved, the squeegee device 10 pivots about the pivot axis 30, the cylinder element 7 being moved on a circle with the radius r1 and the extension part 21 on a circle with the radius r2 about the pivot axis 30. The control part 8 is set in a desired sliding position, so that consequently a desired pivot position of the doctor device 10 is set. In this way, the profile strip 2 is brought with its profile surface 22 or a doctor element 33 into a desired pivot position about the pivot axis 30. The profile bar 2 can e.g. be equipped with a roller doctor blade 31 or a doctor blade 32, as indicated by broken lines in FIG. 1.

In Fig. 1 ist eine Schablone 42 dargestellt, durch die in üblicherweise eine Substanz auf die Arbeitsfläche 4 oder eine Materialbahn 41 aufgetragen wird.1 shows a template 42, through which a substance is usually applied to the work surface 4 or a material web 41.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, kann das Steuerteil 8 ohne weiteres auch oberhalb der Arbeitsfläche 4 angeordnet werden. Ein solches Steuerteil 8 ist nur gestrichtelt dargestellt. Es umgreift mit seinen U-Schenkeln lose ein an dem Verlängerungsteil 21 angeordnetes Zylinderelement 7.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the control part 8 can easily be arranged above the work surface 4. Such a control part 8 is only shown in broken lines. With its U-legs, it loosely engages around a cylinder element 7 arranged on the extension part 21.

In Figuren 1 und 2 ist eine erfindungsgemäße Rakeleinrichtung im Bereich einer Stirnseite des Rakelgeräts 10 dargestellt. Es versteht sich, daß die Rakeleinrichtung 1 im Bereich der gegenüberliegenden Stirnseite des Rakelgeräts 10 entsprechend ausgebildet ist, wobei, was besonders zweckmäßig ist, dort aber der Steuerarm 92 mit dem Steuerteil 8 entfallen kann. Es wird besonders daraufhingewiesen, daß das die Profilleiste 2 überragende Teil 21 sowie der Lenkarm 9 lediglich zur Positionierung der Ortslage der Schwenkachse 30 vorgesehen sind, so daß diese Teile keine das Gewicht des Rakelgeräts 10 abstützende oder der Rakelanpressung dienende Kräfte übertragen, folglich also materialarm, d.h. insbesondere gewichtsmäßig leicht ausgeführt sind.1 and 2 show a doctor device according to the invention in the region of an end face of the doctor device 10. It goes without saying that the doctor device 1 is designed accordingly in the region of the opposite end face of the doctor device 10, whereby what is particularly expedient, the control arm 92 with the control part 8 can be omitted there. Particular attention is drawn to the fact that the part 21 projecting beyond the profiled strip 2 and the steering arm 9 are only provided for positioning the position of the pivot axis 30, so that these parts do not transmit any forces supporting the weight of the squeegee device 10 or serving the squeegee pressure, and consequently with little material. ie are particularly lightweight.

Vorzugsweise ist das Rakelgerät 10 einer erfindungsgemäßen Rakeleinrichtung 1 mittels der Magnetkraft einer unterhalb der Arbeitsfläche (in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt) Magnetvorrichtung anpreßbar, wobei zumindest Teile des Rakelgeräts oder der Profilleiste oder ggf. der Rakelelemente magnetisierbar sind. Für einige Anwendungsfälle kann es aber ausreichen, daß die Anpressung lediglich durch das Eigengewicht des Rakelgeräts erfolgt.The doctor device 10 of a doctor device 1 according to the invention can preferably be pressed by means of the magnetic force of a magnetic device below the work surface (not shown in the drawing), at least parts of the doctor device or the profile strip or possibly the doctor elements being magnetizable. For some applications, however, it may be sufficient for the pressure to be applied only by the weight of the doctor device.

Bei magnetischer Anpressung besteht eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung darin, daß die Schwenk-/Führungslagerung 5 sowie eine Lagerplatte 80 des Steuerteils 8 fest miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Lagerung 5 und die Platte 80 in Richtung quer zur Rakelerstreckung sowie parallel zur Arbeitsfläche 4 frei verschiebbar in Richtungen B sind. Entsprechend wird auch eine Führungslagerung 5 an der gegenüberliegenden Stirnseite der Rakeleinrichtung fest mit einer gleichermassen frei verschiebbar gelagerten Lagerplatte verbunden. Auf diese Weise ist das Rakelgerät 10 um eine zu der Rakelgerätlängsachse senkrechte Raumachse frei schwenkbeweglich, so daß die Rakelarbeitskante 3 und die damit fluchtende Schwenkachse 30 durch die Wirkung der Magnetkraft optimal und selbsttägig in dem Magnetfeld der Magneteinrichtung zu liegen kommt. Dabei kann sich das Steuerteil 8 in jeder gewünschten, an der Lagerplatte 80 fixierten Schiebeposition befinden.In the case of magnetic pressure, a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the pivot / guide bearing 5 and a bearing plate 80 of the control part 8 are firmly connected to one another, the bearing 5 and the plate 80 being free in the direction transverse to the doctor blade extension and parallel to the working surface 4 are displaceable in directions B. Correspondingly, a guide bearing 5 on the opposite end of the doctor device is firmly connected to an equally freely displaceable bearing plate. In this way, the squeegee 10 is freely pivotable about a vertical axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the squeegee, so that the working edge 3 of the squeegee and the swiveling axis 30 aligned therewith are optimal and automatic in the magnetic field of the magnetic device due to the action of the magnetic force comes to rest. The control part 8 can be in any desired sliding position fixed on the bearing plate 80.

Claims (8)

  1. Doctoring equipment (1) encompassing a doctor device (10) which comprises a profile bar (2) extending longitudinally with the latter and which can be pressed by its wiping edge or surface (3) against a work surface (4) such as a table, a roller and if necessary a web (41) of material lying on it, a transport belt, a stencil (42) or the like, wherein the doctor device (10) is pivotable about a doctor device pivot axis (30) coinciding with the contact edge (3) or extending in the region of the contact edge or surface by means of pivot mountings (5), which are arranged in the axial end regions of the doctor device pivot axis (30) and determine the position of the latter, and wherein the profile bar (2) is connected to an extension part (21) which projects over the work surface (4) in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the profile bar and is located in engagement with pivot mountings (5) arranged outside and to the side of the work surface (4), wherein the profile bar (2) is equipped with any preferred doctor element (33) such as a revolving doctor (31), a brushing doctor (32) or a round doctor and wherein the doctor device (10)is inserted loosely into the pivot mountings (5) in freely rotatable or pivotable manner, ie lying on the work surface freely movable in a direction transverse to the work surface (4) through the doctor element (33) as well as loosely resting by means of profile bar mounting parts (6) on pivot mounting guide surfaces (51) oriented transversely to the work surface (4) for determining the location of the pivot axis, wherein at least the extension part (21) of the profile bar (2) projecting over the work surface (4) is connected rigidly to a profile bar mounting part (6) which is arranged in the region of the doctor device pivot axis (30) and is preferably constructed in round or cylindrical shape, and wherein the doctor device (10) without force-locking or form-locking attachment to the doctoring equipment (1) can be pressed against the work surface (4) only by the magnetic force of a magnetic device arranged underneath the work surface and/or by the dead weight of the doctor device and wherein for the control and fixed setting of a doctor device pivot angle a section of the profile bar or a part (7) firmly connected to the latter is located at a radial distance (r) from the doctor device pivot axis (30) and in loose engagement with a control part (8) which can be fixed and can be moved transversely to the extent of the doctor.
  2. Doctoring equipment according to claim 1, characterised in that the extension part (21) of the profile bar (2) projecting over the work surface (4) is connected rigidly at a radial distance (r2) from the doctor device pivot axis (30) to a steering arm (9) arranged pivotably about the latter outside and to the side of the work surface region, on which arm the mounting part (6) located in loose engagement with the pivot mounting guide surfaces (51) is fastened.
  3. Doctoring equipment according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the control part (8) and the part (7), located in loose engagement with the latter and preferably arranged on a steering arm (9) connected rigidly to the profile bar, form a link motion with a round surfaced element (7) and a fork-like element (8) with a straight surface resting loosely on the latter.
  4. Doctoring equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the mounting part (6) located in loose engagement with the pivot mounting guide surfaces (51) and the part (7) located in loose engagement with the control part are arranged at a radial distance (r1) which lies in the range of approximately 30 to 150 cm.
  5. Doctoring equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the control part (8) and the part (7) located in loose engagement with the latter are arranged to the side of and above the work surface (4).
  6. Doctoring equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the control part (8) and the part (7) located in loose engagement with the latter are arranged to the side of and beneath the work surface (4).
  7. Doctoring equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the doctor device (10) can be pressed against the work surface (4) by means of a magnetic device arranged under the work surface (4) and that pivot mountings (5) arranged to the side and outside of the work surface (4) and comprising the guide surfaces (51) are mounted independently of one another each freely displaceable in a direction transverse to the extent of the doctor as well as parallel to the work surface (4), wherein the control part (8) determining and establishing the pivot angle position and the associated pivot mounting (5) are mounted jointly in freely displaceable manner with a bearing part (80).
  8. Doctoring equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the control part (8) is movable displaceably by means of an electric motor relative to the pivot mounting (5) in directions (V) transverse to extent of the doctor.
EP92250268A 1991-09-23 1992-09-19 Doctoring device Expired - Lifetime EP0534580B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9112033U DE9112033U1 (en) 1991-09-23 1991-09-23 Squeegee device
DE9112033U 1991-09-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0534580A1 EP0534580A1 (en) 1993-03-31
EP0534580B1 true EP0534580B1 (en) 1996-03-13

Family

ID=6871695

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92250268A Expired - Lifetime EP0534580B1 (en) 1991-09-23 1992-09-19 Doctoring device

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5346552A (en)
EP (1) EP0534580B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE135290T1 (en)
DE (2) DE9112033U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2088092T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL112511A0 (en) * 1994-02-18 1995-05-26 Hughes Aircraft Co System for improving the total thickness variation of a wafer
US7614341B1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2009-11-10 General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for a segmented squeegee for stenciling
DE102015208919A1 (en) * 2015-05-13 2016-11-17 Koenig & Bauer Ag Doctor device, printing unit and method for operating a squeegee device

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2125633A5 (en) * 1971-02-15 1972-09-29 Mulhouse Alsacien Const
NL7103481A (en) * 1971-03-16 1972-09-19
AT376399B (en) * 1981-12-07 1984-11-12 Zimmer Johannes Squeegee device
DE3324950C2 (en) * 1983-07-11 1986-04-03 M.A.N.- Roland Druckmaschinen AG, 6050 Offenbach Ink metering device for a printing machine
DE3639665C1 (en) * 1986-11-20 1987-12-03 Santrade Ltd Device for producing thin sheets from flowable materials, in particular from synthetic resin
AU1722188A (en) * 1987-10-10 1989-05-02 Johannes Zimmer Spreading appliance
AT392745B (en) * 1989-08-16 1991-05-27 Zimmer Johannes DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SAMPLE AND / OR FULL AREA APPLICATION PROCESSES ON SHORT AND ANY LONG TRACKS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0534580A1 (en) 1993-03-31
ES2088092T3 (en) 1996-08-01
DE59205663D1 (en) 1996-04-18
US5346552A (en) 1994-09-13
ATE135290T1 (en) 1996-03-15
DE9112033U1 (en) 1993-01-28

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