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EP0515771A1 - Tappet for valve drive in an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Tappet for valve drive in an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0515771A1
EP0515771A1 EP92101924A EP92101924A EP0515771A1 EP 0515771 A1 EP0515771 A1 EP 0515771A1 EP 92101924 A EP92101924 A EP 92101924A EP 92101924 A EP92101924 A EP 92101924A EP 0515771 A1 EP0515771 A1 EP 0515771A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
tappet
guide ring
valve
tappet according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92101924A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0515771B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Döhring
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Freudenberg KG
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg KG filed Critical Carl Freudenberg KG
Publication of EP0515771A1 publication Critical patent/EP0515771A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0515771B1 publication Critical patent/EP0515771B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
    • F01L1/143—Tappets; Push rods for use with overhead camshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F01L1/245—Hydraulic tappets
    • F01L1/25—Hydraulic tappets between cam and valve stem
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21—Elements
    • Y10T74/2101—Cams
    • Y10T74/2107—Follower

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tappet for the valve train of an internal combustion engine, consisting of an essentially cup-shaped housing which can be put on the valve stem of a valve.
  • Such a tappet is generally known and is used, for example, as a bucket tappet both in an open form with or without hydraulic valve lash adjustment and in a closed form with hydraulic valve lash adjustment, such as in DE-OS 35 06 730, for example.
  • the housing of the tappet is made of metallic material, which results in a high accelerated mass of the valve train.
  • the accelerated mass of a valve train is a very critical quantity, into which the tappet mass is directly involved. Due to the comparatively high mass of the tappet, the valve spring is extremely heavily loaded, especially at higher speeds.
  • the accelerated mass of the valve train increases the wear in the area of the tappet guides and the housing base, on which the camshaft acts.
  • the invention has for its object to show a plunger both in the open form with or without hydraulic valve lash compensation and a plunger in the closed form with hydraulic valve lash compensation, which reduces the forces acting in the valve train due to a low mass reduces the load on the components contained in the valve train and, due to the lower wear, ensures better performance characteristics over a longer service life.
  • the housing consists at least partially of polymeric material.
  • the weight of all cup-shaped plungers can be significantly reduced, which means that, with the plunger acceleration remaining the same, lower forces on the moving parts and therefore less wear or, with the same force, increased acceleration of the plunger and of the adjoining valve allows, which results in a better filling of the combustion chambers and thus an improved efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
  • the treads on the outside in the radial and / or axial direction are formed by a plasma coating.
  • the tread of the tappet on the outside in the radial direction which is moved relative to the guide bore in the cylinder head, is subject to wear.
  • the tread can be coated with a layer of wear-resistant material by means of a plasma coating, as a result of which the plunger is protected against wear. With an insignificant increase in the total mass compared to an uncoated but more susceptible tappet, the wear-critical surface would be protected.
  • the housing can be formed in two parts and can be delimited in the axial direction by a housing base made of a metallic or ceramic material. If the valve stem acts directly on the housing base, ensure that the housing base of the tappet is connected to the hollow cylindrical counterpart of the housing as a counter-rotor to the cam so that both compressive and tensile forces can be transmitted.
  • the pressure on the housing base is exerted on pressure by the cam which is adjacent on the outside in the axial direction and which moves the tappet in the axial direction to the opening of the valve.
  • Tensile loads act on the housing base by closing the valve adjacent to the inside of the housing base by the valve spring when it is supported on the one hand in the cylinder head and on the other hand in the tappet housing. This is usually supported on the one hand in the cylinder head and on the other hand in the tappet housing.
  • Metallic or ceramic materials are particularly suitable for the housing base due to their good wear resistance and comparatively low thermal expansion.
  • the housing is enclosed on the outside in a radial direction at least at one point by a guide ring.
  • the advantage here is that a high-quality and wear-resistant and therefore usually expensive material is only used where it is really necessary due to the wear that occurs.
  • the main structure of the plunger can be made of inexpensive, light material, since there are no requirements for wear resistance of the base material outside of the running surfaces and the otherwise stressed zones. Due to the rotating movement of the cam, the tappet performs a not exclusively translatory movement. During the intended use of the ram, tilting moments also occur, causing the load along the running surfaces of the hollow cylindrical part running in the axial direction are of different sizes. The greatest load in terms of wear lies in the area closest to the cam. The second highest load results in the area which is furthest away from the cam in the axial direction, while the area between these two points is the least loaded.
  • the guide ring can consist of a polymer material with high wear resistance as well as a metallic or ceramic material. Even when using a guide ring made of metallic material, there is only an insignificant increase in the mass of the ram to be accelerated due to the small thickness of the guide ring.
  • the guide ring can have openings for clawing to the housing.
  • the guide rings are suitably placed in the tool for producing the plunger and overmolded with inexpensive, lightweight plastic.
  • the structural strength of the plunger is provided by the inexpensive plastic with a low specific weight, while the wear resistance and thus the good properties of use are ensured by the guide rings over a long period of use.
  • the perforated guide ring which consists, for example, of stamped sheet steel, is inserted into the tool for producing the plunger and overmolded with plastic, so that the plastic of the base body fills the openings and transmits the thrust forces occurring during the intended use both by positive locking and by adhesion .
  • the guide ring can be snapped into a guide groove of the housing under elastic pretension and / or be glued to the housing. This results in a subsequent fixing of the guide ring in the housing, which makes the housing particularly simple, inexpensive and separately producible.
  • the housing and / or the guide ring can be provided with lubricant pockets which are open outward in the radial direction.
  • FIGS. 1 to 7 show the individual components of bucket tappets to be taken into account, both in an open form with or without hydraulic valve lash adjustment and in a closed form with hydraulic valve lash adjustment, partly in a schematic representation:
  • Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 show weight-optimized tappets in open form without hydraulic valve lash adjustment and / or individual components which are advantageous for advantageous performance properties.
  • FIG. 7 shows a weight-optimized cup tappet in the closed form with hydraulic valve clearance compensation.
  • plungers for the valve train of an internal combustion engine consisting of an essentially cup-shaped housing 1, which is not shown here on the valve stem Valve can be put on.
  • the housing 1 consists at least partially of polymeric material.
  • the housing 1 shows an open tappet without hydraulic valve clearance compensation, the housing 1 of which is made entirely of polymer material, has a particularly simple shape and is particularly easy to produce.
  • the radial running surfaces 1.1 and the axial running surface 1.2 which is located on the outside on the housing base 2 in the axial direction, are designed in one piece in this example.
  • a particularly light and economically particularly favorable polymer material as the base body, producing a housing therefrom and providing it with a plasma coating in order to increase the wear resistance.
  • a weight-optimized tappet is also shown in FIG. 2, in an open form without hydraulic valve clearance compensation.
  • the housing 1 is formed in two parts, the axial running surface 1.2 being formed by a housing base 2 made of metallic or ceramic material.
  • the radial tread 1.1 is formed in the highly stressed areas of the housing 1 by guide rings which surround the housing 1 on the outside in the radial direction.
  • the tappet points in the area of its radial Treads on two comparatively highly stressed areas. Due to the tilting moments that act on the tappet due to the rotating camshaft, the areas that are subject to the highest stress are located most towards the housing base and away from the housing base. The stress between these two areas is less great.
  • This tappet also has a lower weight compared to previously known tappets because the base body of the housing 1 consists of a light, polymeric material.
  • the guide rings 3 can, for example, also, like the housing base, consist of metallic or ceramic material or be formed by a polymeric material which meets the requirements with regard to good performance properties over a long service life. Even when using particularly expensive materials or materials with a higher density and therefore a higher weight, such as metal, the total weight of the ram is hardly affected, since the corresponding amounts are very small.
  • the basic body of the housing 1 is shown in FIG. 3 with the housing base 2 inserted.
  • the guide grooves 4, in which the guide rings 3 according to FIG. 2 are fixed can be seen particularly well.
  • the guide rings 3 can be fixed in the guide grooves 4 of the housing 1 by snapping and / or gluing, for example.
  • a guide ring 3 according to Figure 2 is shown in Figure 4.
  • the guide ring 3 has openings 3.1, which can be circular, for example.
  • Such a guide ring is suitably placed in the tool for producing the plunger and overmolded with inexpensive, lightweight plastic.
  • the guide ring consists of a particularly wear-resistant material, for example sheet steel, which is punched and then rolled into a suitable shape.
  • the openings 3.1 are provided for clawing the guide ring 3 with the base material of the housing 1. During the intended use, a tappet manufactured in this way transmits thrust forces that occur both through positive locking and through adhesion.
  • FIG. 5 shows a tappet similar to that described in FIG. 2, the radial running surface 1.1 being formed by a preformed plate which has a shape similar to that of the guide ring 3 shown in FIG. 4.
  • the radial running surface 1.1 of the preformed plate can have openings, for example have or be designed throughout.
  • the housing base 2 is, as in the two-part tappets described so far, connected to the base body of the housing 1 in such a way that it can transmit both compressive and tensile forces.
  • FIG. 6 shows a bucket tappet according to the invention without hydraulic valve clearance compensation, which is constructed in three parts.
  • the radial tread 1.1 is formed by a guide disk which, on the one hand, receives the housing base 2 in the axial direction, for example made of metallic or ceramic material, and on the other hand receives a less stressed area of the radial tread.
  • the less stressed area is connected to the more heavily stressed area of the radial tread 1.1, which forms a guide ring 3 in the sense of the invention, by positive locking.
  • guide grooves can also be arranged along the radial running surface in the less stressed areas, which accommodate further guide rings.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cup tappet in closed form with hydraulic valve clearance compensation, the housing 1 of which, along its radial running surface 1.1, has guide rings 3 in the areas subject to higher stress, which are shown here without openings.
  • Both the base body of the housing 1 and the guide part 5, which receives the displacement body 6 from closed-cell foam, for example polyurethane or silicone, are formed by polymeric material. Due to the significantly larger number of moving parts compared to open cup tappets without hydraulic valve lash compensation, the use of polymeric materials for weight optimization of tappets is particularly advantageous in the case of components designed in this way.
  • FIGS. 1 to 7 merely represent examples, the individual features of which can also be combined with one another.
  • plasma-coated, radial treads are also conceivable, which are combined with a housing base 2 made of metallic or ceramic material.
  • All guide rings can also be designed with or without openings and / or with or without lubricant pockets.
  • the basic idea is, according to the respective requirements, different materials at different points of the To use the housing so that there is a substantial reduction in the tappet mass, whereby either the forces occurring in the valve train can be reduced or better filling and better efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be achieved by greater accelerations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Valve Housings (AREA)

Abstract

A tappet for a valve in an internal combustion includes an essentially cup-shaped housing. The housing fits over the shaft of the valve. At least some of the tappet housing is made of a plastic polymer. At least one annular guide made of wear-resistant material surrounds the housing to protect the tappet against wear.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Stößel für den Ventiltrieb einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, bestehend aus einem im wesentlichen tassenförmig gestalteten Gehäuse, das auf den Ventilschaft eines Ventiles aufstülpbar ist.The invention relates to a tappet for the valve train of an internal combustion engine, consisting of an essentially cup-shaped housing which can be put on the valve stem of a valve.

Ein solcher Stößel ist allgemein bekannt und gelangt beispielsweise als Tassenstößel sowohl in offener Form mit oder ohne hydraulischen Ventilspielausgleich als auch in geschlossener Form mit hydraulischem Ventilspielausgleich, wie beispielsweise in der DE-OS 35 06 730, zur Anwendung. Dabei ist allerdings zu beachten, daß das Gehäuse des Stößels aus metallischem Werkstoff besteht, wodurch sich eine hohe beschleunigte Masse des Ventiltriebes ergibt. Die beschleunigte Masse eines Ventiltriebes ist eine sehr kritische Größe, in die die Stößelmasse direkt eingeht. Durch die vergleichsweise hohe Masse des Stößels wird die Ventilfeder insbesondere bei höheren Drehzahlen außerordentlich stark belastet. Außerdem steigt mit der beschleunigten Masse des Ventiltriebes auch der Verschleiß im Bereich der Stößelführungen und des Gehäusebodens, auf den die Nockenwelle wirkt.Such a tappet is generally known and is used, for example, as a bucket tappet both in an open form with or without hydraulic valve lash adjustment and in a closed form with hydraulic valve lash adjustment, such as in DE-OS 35 06 730, for example. However, it should be noted that the housing of the tappet is made of metallic material, which results in a high accelerated mass of the valve train. The accelerated mass of a valve train is a very critical quantity, into which the tappet mass is directly involved. Due to the comparatively high mass of the tappet, the valve spring is extremely heavily loaded, especially at higher speeds. In addition, the accelerated mass of the valve train increases the wear in the area of the tappet guides and the housing base, on which the camshaft acts.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Stößel sowohl in offener Form mit oder ohne hydraulischen Ventilspielausgleich als auch einen Stößel in geschlossener Form mit hydraulischem Ventilspielausgleich zu zeigen, der durch eine geringe Masse die wirkenden Kräfte im Ventiltrieb reduziert, dadurch die Belastung der im Ventiltrieb enthaltenen Bauteile reduziert und aufgrund des geringeren Verschleißes für bessere Gebrauchseigenschaften über eine längere Gebrauchsdauer sorgt.The invention has for its object to show a plunger both in the open form with or without hydraulic valve lash compensation and a plunger in the closed form with hydraulic valve lash compensation, which reduces the forces acting in the valve train due to a low mass reduces the load on the components contained in the valve train and, due to the lower wear, ensures better performance characteristics over a longer service life.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Stößel mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen von Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Auf vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen nehmen die Unteransprüche bezug.This object is achieved in a generic tappet with the characterizing features of claim 1. The subclaims refer to advantageous configurations.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einem Stößel der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß das Gehäuse zumindest anteilig aus polymerem Werkstoff besteht. In Abhängigkeit von der Ausgestaltung des Stößelgehäuses und der Größe des polymeren Anteils kann das Gewicht bei sämtlichen tassenförmig gestalteten Stößein deutlich reduziert werden, was bei gleichbleibender Stößelbeschleunigung geringere Kräfte auf die bewegten Teile und dadurch weniger Verschleiß bedingt oder bei gleicher Kraft eine vergrößerte Beschleunigung des Stößels und des daran angrenzenden Ventils erlaubt, wodurch sich eine bessere Füllung der Brennräume und damit ein verbesserter Wirkungsgrad der Verbrennungskraftmaschine ergibt.This object is achieved in a tappet of the type mentioned in that the housing consists at least partially of polymeric material. Depending on the design of the plunger housing and the size of the polymer component, the weight of all cup-shaped plungers can be significantly reduced, which means that, with the plunger acceleration remaining the same, lower forces on the moving parts and therefore less wear or, with the same force, increased acceleration of the plunger and of the adjoining valve allows, which results in a better filling of the combustion chambers and thus an improved efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, daß die in radialer und/oder axialer Richtung außenseitigen Laufflächen durch eine Plasmabeschichtung gebildet sind. Insbesondere die in radialer Richtung außenseitige Lauffläche des Stößels, die relativ zu der Führungsbohrung im Zylinderkopf bewegt wird, unterliegt Verschleiß. Bei Verwendung eines kostengünstigen, polymeren Werkstoffes, der gegebenenfalls eine nicht ausreichende Verschleißfestigkeit aufweist, kann die Lauffläche durch eine Plasmabeschichtung mit einer Schicht aus verschleißfestem Material beschichtet werden, wodurch der Stößel gegen Verschleiß geschützt ist. Bei einer unwesentlichen Erhöhung der Gesamtmasse im Vergleich zu einem unbeschichteten, aber verschleißanfälligeren Stößel, würde so die verschleißkritische Oberfläche geschützt.According to an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the treads on the outside in the radial and / or axial direction are formed by a plasma coating. In particular, the tread of the tappet on the outside in the radial direction, which is moved relative to the guide bore in the cylinder head, is subject to wear. When using an inexpensive, polymeric material, which may not have sufficient wear resistance, the tread can be coated with a layer of wear-resistant material by means of a plasma coating, as a result of which the plunger is protected against wear. With an insignificant increase in the total mass compared to an uncoated but more susceptible tappet, the wear-critical surface would be protected.

Das Gehäuse kann zweiteilig ausgebildet und in axialer Richtung durch einen Gehäuseboden aus einem metallischen oder keramischen Werkstoff begrenzt sein. Wenn der Ventilschaft direkt auf den Gehäuseboden wirkt ist darauf zu achten, daß der Gehäuseboden des Stößels als Gegenläufer zum Nocken so mit dem hohlzylinderförmigen Gegenstück des Gehäuses verbunden ist, daß sowohl Druck- als auch Zugkräfte übertragbar sind. Die Belastung des Gehäusebodens auf Druck erfolgt durch die in axialer Richtung außenseitig benachbarte Nocke, die den Stößel in axialer Richtung zur Öffnung des Ventils bewegt. Zugbelastungen wirken auf den Gehäuseboden durch das Schließen des innenseitig zum Gehäuseboden benachbarten Ventils durch die Ventilfeder, wenn diese einerseits im Zylinderkopf und andererseits im Stößelgehäuse abgestützt. Diese ist üblicherweise einerseits im Zylinderkopf und andererseits im Stößelgehäuse abgestützt. Metallische oder keramische Werkstoffe bieten sich für den Gehäuseboden insbesondere aufgrund ihrer guten Verschleißfestigkeit und der vergleichsweise geringen Wärmedehnung an.The housing can be formed in two parts and can be delimited in the axial direction by a housing base made of a metallic or ceramic material. If the valve stem acts directly on the housing base, ensure that the housing base of the tappet is connected to the hollow cylindrical counterpart of the housing as a counter-rotor to the cam so that both compressive and tensile forces can be transmitted. The pressure on the housing base is exerted on pressure by the cam which is adjacent on the outside in the axial direction and which moves the tappet in the axial direction to the opening of the valve. Tensile loads act on the housing base by closing the valve adjacent to the inside of the housing base by the valve spring when it is supported on the one hand in the cylinder head and on the other hand in the tappet housing. This is usually supported on the one hand in the cylinder head and on the other hand in the tappet housing. Metallic or ceramic materials are particularly suitable for the housing base due to their good wear resistance and comparatively low thermal expansion.

Darüber hinaus ist vorgesehen, daß das Gehäuse in radialer Richtung außenseitig an zumindest einer Stelle von einem Führungsring umschlossen ist. Hierbei ist von Vorteil, daß ein hochwertiger und verschleißfester und dadurch meistens teurer Werkstoff nur dort zur Anwendung gelangt, wo er, aufgrund des auftretenden Verschleißes, auch wirklich nötig ist. Die Hauptstruktur des Stößels kann aus preiswertem, leichtem Material hergestellt werden, da außerhalb der Laufflächen und der sonstig beanspruchten Zonen keine Anforderungen hinsichtlich Verschleißfestigkeit an das Grundmaterial zu stellen sind. Aufgrund der rotierenden Bewegung des Nockens führt der Stößel eine nicht ausschließlich translatorische Bewegung aus. Während der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung des Stößels treten auch Kippmomente auf, wodurch die Belastung entlang der in axialer Richtung verlaufenden Laufflächen des Hohlzylinderteiles unterschiedlich groß sind. Die größte Belastung hinsichtlich des Verschleißes liegt in dem dem Nocken am dichtesten benachbarten Bereich. Die zweithöchste Belastung ergibt sich im von dem Nocken am weitesten in axialer Richtung abgewandten Bereich, während der Bereich zwischen diesen beiden Stellen am geringsten belastet ist.In addition, it is provided that the housing is enclosed on the outside in a radial direction at least at one point by a guide ring. The advantage here is that a high-quality and wear-resistant and therefore usually expensive material is only used where it is really necessary due to the wear that occurs. The main structure of the plunger can be made of inexpensive, light material, since there are no requirements for wear resistance of the base material outside of the running surfaces and the otherwise stressed zones. Due to the rotating movement of the cam, the tappet performs a not exclusively translatory movement. During the intended use of the ram, tilting moments also occur, causing the load along the running surfaces of the hollow cylindrical part running in the axial direction are of different sizes. The greatest load in terms of wear lies in the area closest to the cam. The second highest load results in the area which is furthest away from the cam in the axial direction, while the area between these two points is the least loaded.

Der Führungsring kann sowohl aus einem polymeren Werkstoff mit hoher Verschleißfestigkeit als auch aus metallischem oder keramischem Werkstoff bestehen. Selbst bei Verwendung eines Führungsringes aus metallischem Werkstoff ergibt sich nur eine unwesentliche Vergrößerung der zu beschleunigenden Masse des Stößels aufgrund der geringen Stärke des Führungsringes.The guide ring can consist of a polymer material with high wear resistance as well as a metallic or ceramic material. Even when using a guide ring made of metallic material, there is only an insignificant increase in the mass of the ram to be accelerated due to the small thickness of the guide ring.

Der Führungsring kann Durchbrechungen zur Verkrallung mit dem Gehäuse aufweisen. Die Führungsringe werden geeigneterweise in das Werkzeug zur Herstellung des Stößels eingelegt und mit preiswertem, leichtem Kunststoff umspritzt. Die Strukturfestigkeit des Stößels wird durch den preiswerten Kunststoff mit geringem spezifischem Gewicht erbracht, während die Verschleißfestigkeit und damit die guten Gebrauchseigenschaften während einer langen Gebrauchsdauer durch die Führungsringe gewährleistet werden. Der durchbrochene Führungsring, der beispielsweise aus gestanztem Stahlblech besteht, wird in das Werkzeug zur Erzeugung des Stößels eingelegt und mit Kunststoff umspritzt, so daß der Kunststoff des Grundkörpers die Durchbrechungen ausfüllt und die während der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung auftretenden Schubkräfte sowohl durch Formschluß als auch durch Haftung überträgt. Nach einer anderen Ausgestaltung kann der Führungsring unter elastischer Vorspannung in eine Führungsnut des Gehäuses eingeschnappt und/oder mit dem Gehäuse verklebt sein. Dadurch ergibt sich eine nachträgliche Festlegung des Führungsringes im Gehäuse, wodurch das Gehäuse besonders einfach, kostengünstig und separat herstellbar ist.The guide ring can have openings for clawing to the housing. The guide rings are suitably placed in the tool for producing the plunger and overmolded with inexpensive, lightweight plastic. The structural strength of the plunger is provided by the inexpensive plastic with a low specific weight, while the wear resistance and thus the good properties of use are ensured by the guide rings over a long period of use. The perforated guide ring, which consists, for example, of stamped sheet steel, is inserted into the tool for producing the plunger and overmolded with plastic, so that the plastic of the base body fills the openings and transmits the thrust forces occurring during the intended use both by positive locking and by adhesion . According to another embodiment, the guide ring can be snapped into a guide groove of the housing under elastic pretension and / or be glued to the housing. This results in a subsequent fixing of the guide ring in the housing, which makes the housing particularly simple, inexpensive and separately producible.

Zur besseren Schmierung der einander berührenden Gleitflächen von Führungsbohrung im Zylinderkopf und Führungsring des Stößels können das Gehäuse und/oder der Führungsring mit in radialer Richtung nach außen geöffneten Schmiermitteltaschen versehen sein.For better lubrication of the contacting sliding surfaces of the guide bore in the cylinder head and the guide ring of the tappet, the housing and / or the guide ring can be provided with lubricant pockets which are open outward in the radial direction.

Der Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einiger Ausführungsbeispiele gemäß der Figuren 1 bis 7 weiter erläutert. Diese zeigen die zu berücksichtigenden Einzelkomponenten von Tassenstößeln sowohl in offener Form mit oder ohne hydraulischen Ventilspielausgleich als auch in geschlossener Form mit hydraulischem Ventilspielausgleich teilsweise in schematischer Darstellung:
Die Figuren 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 und 6 zeigen gewichtsoptimierte Tassenstößel in offener Form ohne hydraulischen Ventilspielausgleich und/oder Einzelkomponenten, die für vorteilhafte Gebrauchseigenschaften von Vorteil sind.The subject matter of the present invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of some exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 7. These show the individual components of bucket tappets to be taken into account, both in an open form with or without hydraulic valve lash adjustment and in a closed form with hydraulic valve lash adjustment, partly in a schematic representation:
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 show weight-optimized tappets in open form without hydraulic valve lash adjustment and / or individual components which are advantageous for advantageous performance properties.

In Figur 7 ist ein gewichtsoptimierter Tassenstößel in geschlossener Form mit hydraulischem Ventilspielausgleich dargestellt.FIG. 7 shows a weight-optimized cup tappet in the closed form with hydraulic valve clearance compensation.

In den Figuren 1, 2, 4, 6 und 7 sind Stößel für den Ventiltrieb einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine dargestellt, bestehend aus einem im wesentlichen tassenförmig gestalteten Gehäuse 1, das auf den Ventilschaft eines hier nicht dargestellten Ventils aufstülpbar ist. Das Gehäuse 1 besteht zumindest anteilig aus polymerem Werkstoff.In Figures 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7 plungers for the valve train of an internal combustion engine are shown, consisting of an essentially cup-shaped housing 1, which is not shown here on the valve stem Valve can be put on. The housing 1 consists at least partially of polymeric material.

In Figur 1 ist ein offener Tassenstößel ohne hydraulischen Ventilspielausgleich gezeigt, dessen Gehäuse 1 insgesamt aus polymerem Werkstoff besteht, eine besonders einfache Form aufweist und besonders einfach herstellbar ist. Die radialen Laufflächen 1.1 sowie die axiale Lauffläche 1.2, die sich in axialer Richtung außenseitig auf dem Gehäuseboden 2 befindet, sind in diesem Beispiel einstückig ausgestaltet. In Abhängigkeit von den Belastungen des jeweiligen Anwendungsfalles und der günstigen Verfügbarkeit benötigter polymerer Werkstoffe besteht die Möglichkeit, den hier dargestellten Stößel insgesamt aus einem besonders widerstandsfähigen, polymeren Werkstoff zu fertigen. Es besteht allerdings auch die Möglichkeit, einen besonders leichten und in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht besonders günstigen polymeren Werkstoff als Grundkörper zu verwenden, daraus ein Gehäuse herzustellen und dieses zur Erhöhung der Verschleißfestigkeit, mit einer Plasmabeschichtung zu versehen. Diese Bauformen zeichnen sich durch minimales Gewicht und größtmögliche Einfachheit bezüglich der Herstellung aus.1 shows an open tappet without hydraulic valve clearance compensation, the housing 1 of which is made entirely of polymer material, has a particularly simple shape and is particularly easy to produce. The radial running surfaces 1.1 and the axial running surface 1.2, which is located on the outside on the housing base 2 in the axial direction, are designed in one piece in this example. Depending on the loads of the respective application and the favorable availability of required polymeric materials, it is possible to manufacture the plunger shown here from a particularly resistant, polymeric material. However, there is also the possibility of using a particularly light and economically particularly favorable polymer material as the base body, producing a housing therefrom and providing it with a plasma coating in order to increase the wear resistance. These designs are characterized by minimal weight and the greatest possible simplicity in terms of manufacture.

In Figur 2 ist ebenfalls ein gewichtsoptimierter Tassenstößel dargestellt, in offener Form ohne hydraulischen Ventilspielausgleich. Danach ist vorgesehen, daß das Gehäuse 1 zweiteilig ausgebildet ist, wobei die axiale Lauffläche 1.2 durch einen Gehäuseboden 2 aus metallischem oder keramischem Werkstoff gebildet ist. Die radiale Lauffläche 1.1 ist in den hoch beanspruchten Bereichen des Gehäuses 1 durch Führungsringe gebildet, die das Gehäuse 1 in radialer Richtung außenseitig umschließen. Der Stößel weist im Bereich seiner radialen Laufflächen zwei vergleichsweise hoch beanspruchte Bereiche auf. Die am höchsten beanspruchten Bereiche liegen aufgrund der Kippmomente, die durch die rotierende Nockenwelle auf den Stößel wirken, dem Gehäuseboden am weitesten zugewandt und dem Gehäuseboden am weitesten abgewandt. Die Beanspruchung zwischen diesen beiden Bereichen ist weniger groß. Auch dieser Stößel weist, im Vergleich zu bisher bekannten Stößeln, ein geringeres Gewicht auf, weil der Grundkörper des Gehäuses 1 aus einem leichten, polymeren Werkstoff besteht. Die Führungsringe 3 können beispielsweise ebenfalls, wie der Gehäuseboden, aus metallischem oder keramischem Werkstoff bestehen oder durch einen polymeren Werkstoff gebildet sein, der den Anforderungen hinsichtlich guter Gebrauchseigenschaften über eine lange Gebrauchsdauer gerecht wird. Auch bei Verwendung besonders teurer Materialien oder Werkstoffen mit höherer Dichte und dadurch höherem Gewicht, wie beispielsweise Metall, wird das Gesamtgewicht des Stößels kaum negativ beeinflußt, da die entsprechenden Mengen nur sehr gering sind.A weight-optimized tappet is also shown in FIG. 2, in an open form without hydraulic valve clearance compensation. Thereafter, it is provided that the housing 1 is formed in two parts, the axial running surface 1.2 being formed by a housing base 2 made of metallic or ceramic material. The radial tread 1.1 is formed in the highly stressed areas of the housing 1 by guide rings which surround the housing 1 on the outside in the radial direction. The tappet points in the area of its radial Treads on two comparatively highly stressed areas. Due to the tilting moments that act on the tappet due to the rotating camshaft, the areas that are subject to the highest stress are located most towards the housing base and away from the housing base. The stress between these two areas is less great. This tappet also has a lower weight compared to previously known tappets because the base body of the housing 1 consists of a light, polymeric material. The guide rings 3 can, for example, also, like the housing base, consist of metallic or ceramic material or be formed by a polymeric material which meets the requirements with regard to good performance properties over a long service life. Even when using particularly expensive materials or materials with a higher density and therefore a higher weight, such as metal, the total weight of the ram is hardly affected, since the corresponding amounts are very small.

In Figur 3 ist der Grundkörper des Gehäuses 1 dargestellt mit eingelegtem Gehäuseboden 2. In dieser Figur sind die Führungsnuten 4, in denen die Führungsringe 3 gemäß Figur 2 festgelegt sind, besonders gut zu erkennen. Die Festlegung der Führungsringe 3 in den Führungsnuten 4 des Gehäuses 1 kann beispielsweise durch Einschnappen und/oder Verklebung erfolgen.The basic body of the housing 1 is shown in FIG. 3 with the housing base 2 inserted. In this figure, the guide grooves 4, in which the guide rings 3 according to FIG. 2 are fixed, can be seen particularly well. The guide rings 3 can be fixed in the guide grooves 4 of the housing 1 by snapping and / or gluing, for example.

Ein Führungsring 3 gemäß Figur 2 ist in Figur 4 dargestellt. Der Führungsring 3 weist Durchbrechungen 3.1 auf, die beispielsweise kreisförmig gestaltet sein können. Ein solcher Führungsring wird geeigneterweise in das Werkzeug zur Herstellung des Stößels eingelegt und mit preiswertem, leichtem Kunststoff umspritzt. Hierbei wird die Struktursteifigkeit durch den Kunststoff erbracht, während die Verschleißfestigkeit und damit die Laufzeit des Stößels durch den Führungsring gewährleistet wird. Der Führungsring besteht aus besonders verschleißfestem Material, z.B. Stahlblech, das gestanzt und durch anschließendes Walzen in eine geeignete Form gebracht wird. Die Durchbrechungen 3.1 sind zur Verkrallung des Führungsringes 3 mit dem Grundwerkstoff des Gehäuses 1 vorgesehen. Während der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung überträgt ein derart hergestellter Stößel auftretende Schubkräfte sowohl durch Formschluß als auch durch Haftung.A guide ring 3 according to Figure 2 is shown in Figure 4. The guide ring 3 has openings 3.1, which can be circular, for example. Such a guide ring is suitably placed in the tool for producing the plunger and overmolded with inexpensive, lightweight plastic. Here the structural rigidity provided by the plastic, while the wear resistance and thus the running time of the plunger is guaranteed by the guide ring. The guide ring consists of a particularly wear-resistant material, for example sheet steel, which is punched and then rolled into a suitable shape. The openings 3.1 are provided for clawing the guide ring 3 with the base material of the housing 1. During the intended use, a tappet manufactured in this way transmits thrust forces that occur both through positive locking and through adhesion.

In Figur 5 ist ein Stößel ähnlich dem in Figur 2 beschriebenen dargestellt, wobei die radiale Lauffläche 1.1 durch eine vorgeformte Platte gebildet ist, die eine ähnliche Gestalt aufweist wie der in Figur 4 dargestellte Führungsring 3. Die radiale Lauffläche 1.1 der vorgeformten Platte kann beispielsweise Durchbrechungen aufweisen oder durchgängig gestaltet sein. Der Gehäuseboden 2 ist, wie bei den bisher beschriebenen, zweiteiligen Stößeln so mit dem Grundkörper des Gehäuses 1 verbunden, daß er sowohl Druck- als auch Zugkräfte übertragen kann.FIG. 5 shows a tappet similar to that described in FIG. 2, the radial running surface 1.1 being formed by a preformed plate which has a shape similar to that of the guide ring 3 shown in FIG. 4. The radial running surface 1.1 of the preformed plate can have openings, for example have or be designed throughout. The housing base 2 is, as in the two-part tappets described so far, connected to the base body of the housing 1 in such a way that it can transmit both compressive and tensile forces.

In Figur 6 ist ein erfindungsgemäßer Tassenstößel ohne hydraulischen Ventilspielausgleich dargestellt, der dreiteilig ausgebildet ist. Die radiale Lauffläche 1.1 ist durch eine Führungsscheibe gebildet, die in axialer Richtung einerseits den Gehäuseboden 2 beispielsweise aus metallischem oder keramischem Werkstoff aufnimmt und andererseits einen weniger beanspruchten Bereich der radialen Lauffläche aufnimmt. Der weniger beanspruchte Bereich ist mit dem höher beanspruchten Bereich der radialen Lauffläche 1.1, der einen Führungsring 3 im Sinne der Erfindung bildet, durch Formschluß verbunden.FIG. 6 shows a bucket tappet according to the invention without hydraulic valve clearance compensation, which is constructed in three parts. The radial tread 1.1 is formed by a guide disk which, on the one hand, receives the housing base 2 in the axial direction, for example made of metallic or ceramic material, and on the other hand receives a less stressed area of the radial tread. The less stressed area is connected to the more heavily stressed area of the radial tread 1.1, which forms a guide ring 3 in the sense of the invention, by positive locking.

Gemäß einer weiteren Variante, die hier nicht dargestellt ist, können entlang der radialen Lauffläche in den weniger beanspruchten Bereichen ebenfalls Führungsnuten angeordnet sein, die weitere Führungsringe aufnehmen.According to a further variant, which is not shown here, guide grooves can also be arranged along the radial running surface in the less stressed areas, which accommodate further guide rings.

In Figur 7 ist ein Tassenstößel in geschlossener Form mit hydraulischem Ventilspielausgleich dargestellt, dessen Gehäuse 1 entlang seiner radialen Lauffläche 1.1 in den höher beanspruchten Bereichen Führungsringe 3 aufweist, die hier ohne Durchbrechungen dargestellt sind. Sowohl der Grundkörper des Gehäuses 1 als auch das Führungsteil 5, das den Verdrängungskörper 6 aus geschlossenzelligem Schaumstoff, beispielsweise Polyurethan oder Silikon, aufnimmt, sind durch polymeren Werkstoff gebildet. Aufgrund der im Vergleich zu offenen Tassenstößeln ohne hydraulischen Ventilspielausgleich wesentlich größere Anzahl von beweglichen Teilen ist die Verwendung polymerer Werkstoffe zur Gewichtsoptimierung von Stößeln bei derart ausgebildeten Bauteilen besonders vorteilhaft.FIG. 7 shows a cup tappet in closed form with hydraulic valve clearance compensation, the housing 1 of which, along its radial running surface 1.1, has guide rings 3 in the areas subject to higher stress, which are shown here without openings. Both the base body of the housing 1 and the guide part 5, which receives the displacement body 6 from closed-cell foam, for example polyurethane or silicone, are formed by polymeric material. Due to the significantly larger number of moving parts compared to open cup tappets without hydraulic valve lash compensation, the use of polymeric materials for weight optimization of tappets is particularly advantageous in the case of components designed in this way.

Die in den Figuren 1 bis 7 gezeigten Bauteile stellen lediglich Beispiele dar, deren Einzelmerkmale auch untereinander kombiniert werden können. So sind beispielsweise auch plasmabeschichtete, radiale Laufflächen denkbar, die mit einem Gehäuseboden 2 aus metallischem oder keramischem Werkstoff kombiniert sind. Auch können sämtliche Führungsringe mit oder ohne Durchbrechungen und/oder mit oder ohne Schmiermitteltaschen ausgeführt sein.The components shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 merely represent examples, the individual features of which can also be combined with one another. For example, plasma-coated, radial treads are also conceivable, which are combined with a housing base 2 made of metallic or ceramic material. All guide rings can also be designed with or without openings and / or with or without lubricant pockets.

Der Grundgedanke ist, den jeweiligen Anforderungen entsprechend, verschiedene Materialien an verschiedenen Stellen des Gehäuses so zu verwenden, daß sich eine wesentliche Reduzierung der Stößelmasse ergibt, wodurch entweder die auftretenden Kräfte im Ventiltrieb reduziert werden können oder durch größere Beschleunigungen eine bessere Füllung und ein besserer Wirkungsgrad der Verbrennungskraftmaschine erzielt werden.The basic idea is, according to the respective requirements, different materials at different points of the To use the housing so that there is a substantial reduction in the tappet mass, whereby either the forces occurring in the valve train can be reduced or better filling and better efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be achieved by greater accelerations.

Claims (10)

Stößel für den Ventiltrieb einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, bestehend aus einem im wesentlichen tassenförmig gestalteten Gehäuse, das auf den Ventilschaft eines Ventils aufstülpbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (1) zumindest anteilig aus polymerem Werkstoff besteht.Tappet for the valve train of an internal combustion engine, consisting of an essentially cup-shaped housing which can be slipped onto the valve stem of a valve, characterized in that the housing (1) consists at least partially of polymeric material. Stößel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (1) in radialer und/oder in axialer Richtung außenseitig Laufflächen (1.1, 1.2) aufweist und daß die Laufflächen (1.1, 1.2) durch eine Plasmaschicht gebildet sind.Ram according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (1) has treads (1.1, 1.2) on the outside in the radial and / or axial direction and that the treads (1.1, 1.2) are formed by a plasma layer. Stößel nach Anspruch 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (1) zweiteilig ausgebildet ist und in axialer Richtung durch einen Gehäuseboden (2) aus einem metallischen oder keramischen Werkstoff begrenzt ist.Tappet according to Claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the housing (1) is constructed in two parts and is delimited in the axial direction by a housing base (2) made of a metallic or ceramic material. Stößel nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (1) in radialer Richtung außenseitig an zumindest einer Stelle von einem Führungsring (3) umschlossen ist.Tappet according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the housing (1) is enclosed on the outside in the radial direction at least at one point by a guide ring (3). Stößel nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Führungsring (3) aus einem besonderes verschleißfesten, polymerem Werkstoff besteht.Tappet according to claim 4, characterized in that the guide ring (3) consists of a special wear-resistant, polymeric material. Stößel nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Führungsring (3) aus metallischem oder keramischem Werkstoff besteht.Tappet according to claim 4, characterized in that the guide ring (3) consists of metallic or ceramic material. Stößel nach Anspruch 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Führungsring (3) Durchbrechungen (3.1) zur Verkrallung mit dem Gehäuse (1) aufweist.Tappet according to claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the guide ring (3) has openings (3.1) for clawing to the housing (1). Stößel nach Anspruch 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Führungsring (3) in eine Führungsnut (4) des Gehäuses (1) eingeschnappt ist.Tappet according to claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the guide ring (3) is snapped into a guide groove (4) of the housing (1). Stößel nach Anspruch 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Führungsring (3) mit dem Gehäuse (1) verklebt ist.Tappet according to claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the guide ring (3) is glued to the housing (1). Stößel nach Anspruch 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (1) und/oder der Führungsring (3) mit in radialer Richtung nach außen geöffneten Schmiermitteltaschen versehen ist.Tappet according to Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the housing (1) and / or the guide ring (3) is provided with lubricant pockets which are open in the radial direction.
EP92101924A 1991-05-28 1992-02-05 Tappet for valve drive in an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0515771B1 (en)

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DE4117425A DE4117425C1 (en) 1991-05-28 1991-05-28
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JPH05156905A (en) 1993-06-22
JP2634988B2 (en) 1997-07-30
DE59201873D1 (en) 1995-05-18
ATE121165T1 (en) 1995-04-15
ES2073791T3 (en) 1995-08-16
DE4117425C1 (en) 1992-07-30
EP0515771B1 (en) 1995-04-12
US5228418A (en) 1993-07-20

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