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EP0587238B1 - Hochdruckentladungslampe - Google Patents

Hochdruckentladungslampe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0587238B1
EP0587238B1 EP19930202553 EP93202553A EP0587238B1 EP 0587238 B1 EP0587238 B1 EP 0587238B1 EP 19930202553 EP19930202553 EP 19930202553 EP 93202553 A EP93202553 A EP 93202553A EP 0587238 B1 EP0587238 B1 EP 0587238B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
halide
current supply
supply conductor
end zone
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19930202553
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0587238A1 (de
Inventor
Andreas Sebastianus Gertrudis Geven
Max Leo Pieter Renardus
Peter Arend Seinen
Jan Alfons Julia Stoffels
Christoffel Wijenberg
Harald René Dielis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Priority to EP19930202553 priority Critical patent/EP0587238B1/de
Publication of EP0587238A1 publication Critical patent/EP0587238A1/de
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Publication of EP0587238B1 publication Critical patent/EP0587238B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/366—Seals for leading-in conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/361—Seals between parts of vessel
    • H01J61/363—End-disc seals or plug seals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp comprising a ceramic discharge vessel which encloses a discharge space which is provided with an ionizable filling comprising metal halide and in which a first and a second electrode are arranged, which discharge vessel comprises, on either side of a central zone extending between the electrodes, an end zone called respectively a first and a second end zone, which are connected to the central zone, which first respectively second end zone surrounds with little clearance a current supply conductor connected to a respective electrode, and in which first respectively second end zone a seal of ceramic sealing compound is provided through which the respective current supply conductor issues to the exterior, in which lamp the first end zone is cylindrical and has an external diameter smaller than the smallest external diameter of the central zone and an internal diameter D and the current supply conductor through the first end zone has extending in the first end zone a halide-resistant section along the extension of the current supply conductor facing the respective electrode and a section along the extension of the current supply conductor which is permeable to hydrogen and oxygen remote from the respective
  • Such a lamp is known from US 4.409.517.
  • ceramic discharge vessel in the present description and claims is understood to mean a discharge vessel of a refractory material such as monocrystalline metal oxide, for example sapphire, polycrystalline metal oxide, for example translucent gastight aluminium oxide (DGA), yttrium-aluminium garnet (YAG) or yttrium oxide (YOX), or polycrystalline non-oxidic material such as aluminium nitride (AlN).
  • halide resistant means that no or substantially no corrosive attack by halides and free halogens takes place under the conditions prevailing in the discharge space during lamp operation.
  • the term “little clearance” means that the space remaining between the end zone and the current supply conductor issuing through it is at least 5 ⁇ m and at most one fourth of the internal diameter of the end zone, but not more than approximately 200 ⁇ m. So the diameter of the current supply conductor therein is at least equal to half the internal diameter of the end zone.
  • a metal bush forming a current supply conductor is passed through each of the end zones of the discharge vessel. The space remaining between the bush and the end zone is entirely filled with a ceramic sealing compound.
  • Niobium or tantalum is used as the material for the current supply conductor because these metals have coefficients of expansion, averaged over the temperature range which the end zone experiences after the lamp has been switched on from an idle state, which correspond substantially to those of the ceramic materials from which the discharge vessel is manufactured.
  • a disadvantage of the said metals is that they are not halide resistant. Accordingly, the current supply conductor issuing into the discharge vessel through the first end zone in the known lamp is provided with a cover of halide-resistant material such as molybdenum or tungsten at a portion situated inside the discharge space.
  • the current supply conductor through the second end zone is entirely made of niobium or tantalum in the known lamp. This is because these metals are highly permeable to hydrogen and oxygen. These gases can leave the discharge vessel through this current supply conductor.
  • EP 0 472 100 a lamp with a construction comparable to the known lamp is disclosed.
  • the disclosed lamp has a Nb-stylus as current supply conductor passing through the end zone of the discharge vessel, and connected to an electrode rod.
  • the Nb-stylus is covered with a W-coating of 2 to 5 ⁇ m thickness.
  • the lamp is for this purpose characterized in that the halide-resistant section along the extension of the current supply conductor extends inside the first end zone over a distance L1 which is at least the internal diameter D of the first end zone augmented by 2 mm, and in that the current supply conductor through the second end zone also has a halide-resistant section along the extension of the current supply conductor which faces towards the discharge space.
  • L1 which is at least the internal diameter D of the first end zone augmented by 2 mm
  • the current supply conductor through the second end zone also has a halide-resistant section along the extension of the current supply conductor which faces towards the discharge space.
  • the distance L1 is preferably not greater than approximately 30 mm. Since the halide-resistant section along the extension of the current supply conductor of the lamp according to the invention runs through the end zone over at least the distance L1 defined above and thereby transfers radiation heat to the surroundings, the permeable section along the extension of the current supply conductor has a comparatively low temperature compared with the temperatures prevailing inside the discharge space.
  • US 4.780.646 discloses a high-pressure discharge lamp whose discharge vessel is provided with a filling comprising metal halides.
  • the current supply conductor at an end zone of the discharge vessel has a halide-resistant section.
  • the end zone which has the same diameter as the central zone of the discharge vessel, has a complicated construction involving a niobium current conductor which is connected to a pin of an electrode via a disc which is also made of niobium, two ceramic discs, in recesses of which the niobium disc is accommodated, and a ceramic sleeve which surrounds the pin of the electrode.
  • a high-pressure discharge lamp is known from Netherlands Patent Application 8005026 laid open to public inspection in which the discharge vessel has a cylindrical end zone on either side of a central zone, the diameter of the end zone being comparatively small in relation to that of the central zone.
  • a current conductor of niobium, permeable to hydrogen and oxygen, is passed through each of the end zones into the discharge space, and is connected to an electrode pin of halide-resistant tungsten.
  • the electrode pin which has a diameter smaller than half the internal diameter of the end zone, does not extend to inside the end zone.
  • the permeable section of the current supply conductor is made, for example, of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, or tantalum, or an alloy of these elements.
  • niobium and/or tantalum is preferred because their average coefficients of expansion differ only slightly from those of the frequently used DGA. There is also only a slight difference with the average coefficients of expansion of yttrium oxide and yttrium-aluminium garnet.
  • aluminium nitride is used as the ceramic material, zirconium will be a favourable choice in this respect.
  • At least the surface of the halide-resistant section of the current supply conductor is preferably manufactured from a material which comprises at least one of the metals from the group formed by tungsten, molybdenum, platinum, iridium, rhenium and rhodium, and/or an electrically conducting silicide, carbide or nitride of at least one of these metals, for example, molybdenum disilicide.
  • the surface of the halide-resistant section preferably has a radiation absorption coefficient in excess of 0.2.
  • a comparatively high absorption coefficient promotes the transfer of radiation heat to the surroundings so that the permeable section has a comparatively low temperature, all other circumstances remaining equal.
  • An absorption coefficient in excess of 0.2 is realised in a simple manner, for example, in that the surface of the halide-resistant section is rendered rough and/or dull.
  • the surface of the halide-resistant section may be provided, for example, with a layer of a material having a high absorption coefficient.
  • the permeable section enters the first end zone to beyond the seal of ceramic sealing compound and adjoins the halide-resistant section at some distance from the seal.
  • an end of the permeable section of the current supply conductor facing towards the halide-resistant section is in contact with the discharge space via the space between the end zone and the halide-resistant section which passes through this zone, so that hydrogen and oxygen can leave the discharge space through the said end.
  • the second end zone of a lamp according to the invention may be comparatively short and may be provided with a tungsten or molybdenum rod which forms both the current supply conductor and the electrode.
  • the second end zone may have a construction which corresponds to that of the first end zone.
  • the halide-resistant section of the current supply conductor extends to inside the seal of ceramic sealing compound.
  • the permeable section of the current supply conductor is completely screened off from the filling comprising the metal halide in the finished lamp. Given the same external dimensions of the first end zone, higher temperatures thereof can be permitted compared with the construction in which an end of the permeable section is in contact with the discharge space. Although in this construction the permeable section of the current supply conductor is entirely covered with ceramic sealing compound in the first end zone, it is nevertheless possible to remove water, hydrogen and oxygen from the discharge vessel during lamp manufacture.
  • an assembly comprising an electrode and a current supply conductor having a permeable section and a halide-resistant section is inserted in the first end zone and so fixed with ceramic sealing compound that an end of the permeable section of the current supply conductor adjoining the halide-resistant section is still uncovered.
  • the lamp is operated for a few minutes, whereby water vapour dissociates in the discharge arc and hydrogen and oxygen leave the discharge vessel through the said end.
  • the lamp may be, for example, heated in a furnace as an alternative. The water vapour generated thereby then dissociates at the surface of the permeable section.
  • US 3.363.133 discloses a high-pressure discharge lamp with a discharge vessel provided with a filling comprising metal halide.
  • the discharge vessel has end zones of the same external diameter as the central zone, current supply conductors being passed through said end zones and comprising a niobium conductor and an electrode pin of halide-resistant material connected to this conductor.
  • the halide-resistant electrode pin extends to inside a seal of ceramic sealing compound.
  • the construction hampers the removal of hydrogen and oxygen from the discharge vessel.
  • the seal of ceramic sealing compound prevents transport of hydrogen and oxygen to the permeable section of the assembly in the finished lamp. Since it is practically impossible to provide the seals of ceramic sealing compound at the inside of the discharge vessel after the discharge vessel has been closed, it is also very difficult to remove hydrogen and oxygen from the discharge vessel during the manufacture of this lamp without a concomitant loss of desired filling ingredients.
  • the permeable section extends preferably within the first end zone over a distance L2 which is at least three times the internal diameter D of the first end zone.
  • the halide-resistant section is a solid rod of halide-resistant material.
  • the current supply conductor may be manufactured by techniques which are known for connecting, for example, a niobium current supply conductor to a tungsten electrode.
  • the electrode and the halide-resistant section of the current supply conductor may be jointly formed, for example, by a tungsten rod.
  • the halide-resistant section of the current supply conductor is surrounded by a sleeve which comprises platinum, rhodium, and/or iridium.
  • the current supply conductor with the sleeve can be enclosed in the first end zone with close fit also when the halide-resistant section extends to inside the seal of ceramic sealing compound and/or when a comparatively great difference between the average coefficients of expansion of the material of the discharge vessel and that of the halide-resistant section exists, because platinum, rhodium and iridium are elastic materials.
  • a close fit i.e.
  • the halide-resistant section of the current supply conductor has a comparatively narrow end adjoining the permeable section and a comparatively wide end facing the central zone of the discharge vessel.
  • a practical implementation of this modification is characterized in that the ceramic sealing compound extends up to the comparatively wide end.
  • the surface of the ceramic sealing compound facing the discharge space is substantially covered by the comparatively wide section as a result, so that a still better screening thereof is obtained.
  • the halide-resistant section is a hollow rod.
  • a rod can be enclosed with close fit in the first end zone also when a material is used whose avenge coefficient of expansion differs comparatively strongly from that of the ceramic sealing compound and that of the first end zone.
  • This embodiment has the additional advantage that the rod, compared with a solid rod of the same dimensions, has the same surface area available for heat radiation, but conducts less heat towards the permeable section. As a result, this construction renders possible a lower temperature of the permeable section without an increase in the length of the end zone.
  • a favourable embodiment of the lamp according to the invention is characterized in that the current supply conductor comprises a rod of permeable material, while the halide-resistant section is formed by a narrowed section of the rod and a cover of halide-resistant material which is passed over the narrowed section.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the permeable section and the halide-resistant section of the current supply conductor can be readily interconnected.
  • the current supply conductor comprises a rod of permeable material, while the halide-resistant section is formed by a section of the rod which is provided with a layer of halide-resistant material.
  • the current supply conductor is formed, for example, from a niobium rod, and an end section thereof is provided with a tungsten layer of a thickness of, for example, a few up to a few tens of micrometers.
  • a heat treatment is preferably carried out by which the material of the layer penetrates somewhat into the niobium and a very good adhesion of the tungsten layer to the niobium rod is obtained.
  • the heat treatment comprises, for example, heating of the rod for a few hours at a temperature of 2200 K.
  • the halide-resistant section of the current supply conductor is a porous body.
  • Mechanical stresses in the first end zone remain limited also when the porous body is made of a material having an average coefficient of expansion which deviates strongly from that of the first end zone and when this body is passed through the first end zone with close fit.
  • the porous body has a rough surface, which promotes the radiation of heat to the surroundings.
  • cross-sections of the body have a comparatively small surface area compared with that of a solid rod of the same external dimensions. Both factors render possible a comparatively low temperature of the permeable section given certain defined external dimensions.
  • a further attractive embodiment of the lamp according to the invention is characterized in that the halide-resistant section is manufactured from a cermet of preferably at least 10% by volume of a halide-resistant ceramic material such as MgO, Al 2 O 3 , Sc 2 O 2 , Y 2 O 3 with one or several halide-resistant conductive materials, for example, with tungsten or with molybdenum disilicide.
  • a halide-resistant ceramic material such as MgO, Al 2 O 3 , Sc 2 O 2 , Y 2 O 3 with one or several halide-resistant conductive materials, for example, with tungsten or with molybdenum disilicide.
  • the cermet has a comparatively low heat conductivity because of the presence of the ceramic material therein. This renders it possible to realise a comparatively low temperature of the permeable section with a comparatively small length of the halide-resistant section.
  • a concentration below 80% by volume of the ceramic material randomly distributed particles of the electrically conducting material in the cermet will form together an electrically conducting path.
  • the concentration of the ceramic material in the cermet is smaller than 50 vol%. The cermet then has a sufficiently low electrical resistance under all circumstances.
  • a yet further attractive embodiment of the high-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention is characterized in that the halide-resistant section is surrounded by a winding of a wire which comprises at least one of the metals tungsten, molybdenum, platinum, iridium, rhenium and rhodium.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the space left open in the end zone can be small without this leading to mechanical stresses with temperature fluctuations.
  • a small open space has the advantage that it can hold few fill ingredients. The reproducibility of the lamp behaviour is increased by this.
  • the winding is manufactured from a wire having a diameter of between one fourth and half the diameter of the halide-resistant section surrounded thereby.
  • the wire is then on the one hand thick enough for readily avoiding its fracture during manufacture, and on the other hand not so thick that special measures are necessary for coiling it around the halide-resistant section.
  • the first end zone is sintered directly, for example, into an end of the central zone.
  • a favourable embodiment is characterized in that an end of a tube forming the first end zone facing towards the central zone is fixed in a ceramic ring which is fastened in a respective end of the tube forming the central zone.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that little heat is necessary for forming the seal of ceramic sealing compound during manufacture. Special measures for preventing filling ingredients from evaporating during this are then unnecessary.
  • a similar construction may be used, for example, at the second end zone.
  • the high-pressure discharge lamp shown in Fig. 1 comprises a ceramic discharge vessel 10 made of DGA material which encloses a discharge space 11 and is provided with an ionizable filling comprising metal halides.
  • the filling comprises 1 mg mercury and 3 mg of the metal halides sodium iodide, thallium iodide and dysprosium iodide in a weight ratio of 69:10:21.
  • the filling also comprises argon and a starting gas.
  • the spectrum of the lamp shows lines at 589 nm and 535 nm which result from the respective first two metal halide components, and in addition exhibits a multitude of lines generated by the third metal halide component.
  • dysprosium iodide for example, a halide of a different rare earth such as scandium iodide, yttrium iodide, holmium iodide or thulium iodide may be used.
  • the filling may comprise, for example, halides which radiate a continuous spectrum during operation, such as tin iodide.
  • a first and a second electrode 40a, 40b are arranged in the discharge vessel 10.
  • the electrodes 40a, 40b are each formed by a tungsten rod with a length of 3 mm and a diameter of 300 ⁇ m, while having a single winding of tungsten wire of 170 ⁇ m diameter at a free end over a distance of 800 ⁇ m.
  • the discharge vessel 10 has a central zone 20 which extends between the electrodes 40a, 40b and further has on either side of this zone a first and a second cylindrical end zone 30a, 30b connected to the central zone 20 and each surrounding a current supply conductor 50a, 50b with little clearance, which current supply conductors are connected to respective electrodes 40a, 40b, while a seal 32a, 32b of ceramic sealing compound is provided in each end zone, through which seal the relevant current supply conductor 50a, 50b issues to the exterior.
  • the central zone 20 has an internal length of 10 mm, an external diameter of 7.6 mm and a wall thickness of 0.8 mm.
  • Ends 31a, 31b of tubes 30a', 30b' facing towards the central zone 20 and forming the end zones 30a, 30b are in this case fixed each in a ring 22a, 22b.
  • the rings 22a, 22b of 2 mm thickness are each fastened in an end 23a, 23b of a tube 20' which forms the central zone 20.
  • Ends 31a, 31b, rings 22a, 22b, and ends 23a, 23b here form transition zones interconnecting the end zones 30a, 30b and the central zone.
  • the end zones 30a, 30b have an external diameter which is small in relation to that of the central zone 10. Here the external diameter of the former is 2.6 mm.
  • the end zones 30a, 30b have an internal diameter D of approximately 0.76 mm.
  • the current supply conductors 50a, 50b each comprise a section along their extension 51a, 51b facing the respective electrodes 40a, 40b and formed by a halide-resistant molybdenum rod of 0.70 mm diameter and a section 52a, 52b remote from the respective electrode and formed by a 0.72 mm thick rod of niobium which is permeable to hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the average clearance between the end zone 30a, 30b and the halide-resistant section 51, 51b passed through it, accordingly, is approximately 0.03 mm.
  • the halide-resistant section 51a, 51b extends over a distance L1 of 7 mm inside the end zone 30a, 30b.
  • the distance L1 is greater than the internal diameter D of the end zone augmented by 2 mm, i.e. 2.76 mm.
  • the halide-resistant section 51, 51b has an absorption coefficient greater than 0.2 owing to its rough and dull surface. In this case the absorption coefficient is approximately 0.22.
  • the permeable section 52a, 52b extends over a distance L2 of 5 mm inside the end zone 30a, 30b, which is more than three times the internal diameter D of the end zone (2.3 mm).
  • the seal 32a, 32b of ceramic sealing compound leaves an end 54a, 54b with a length L3 of approximately 2 mm of the permeable section 52a, 52b exposed.
  • the lamp consumes a power of 70 W during nominal operation.
  • the lamp was subjected to an endurance test of 5000 hours. After the endurance test, substantially no corrosion of the permeable section 52a, 52b of the current supply conductor 50a, 50b was found. The ratio of re-ignition voltage to lamp voltage was smaller than 2 during the endurance test.
  • a comparison lamp was manufactured whose components had dimensions corresponding to those of the embodiment described above, but in which the current supply conductor was entirely made of niobium. After 1000 hours of operation of the lamp, a severe corrosion of the current supply conductor was already found in a region at a distance of 1.5 to 2 mm from the electrode.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modification of the previous embodiment in which the halide-resistant section 151a of the current supply conductor 150a is surrounded by a sleeve 153a with an internal and an external diameter of 0.50 mm and 0.70 mm, respectively, and made of the elastic material platinum. Alternatively, for example, rhodium or iridium may be used.
  • This lamp of which the end zone is shown, consumes a power of 70 W during nominal operation.
  • the end zone also has an internal diameter D of 0.76 mm.
  • the average clearance left open by the halide-resistant section 151a in the end zone 130a accordingly, is approximately 0.03 mm.
  • the halide-resistant section 151a of the current supply conductor 150a extends over a distance L1 of 8.5 mm inside the first end zone 130a, up to a distance L3 of 2 mm in the ceramic seal therein.
  • the distance L1 accordingly, is greater than the internal diameter D of the end zone 130a augmented by 2 mm (2.76 mm).
  • the permeable section 152a has a diameter of 0.72 mm.
  • the distance L2 over which the permeable portion extends inside the first end zone 130a is more than three times the internal diameter D of the end zone (2.3 mm). In this case the distance L2 is 3.5 mm.
  • the seal 132a made of a ceramic sealing compound has a portion 133a which faces towards the discharge space 111 and has a composition of 30% Al 2 O 3 by weight, 40% SiO 2 by weight and 30% Dy 2 O 3 by weight, and a portion 134a facing way from the discharge space 111 and having a composition of 13% Al 2 O 3 by weight, 37% SiO 2 by weight, and 50% MgO by weight.
  • the manufacture of the lamp may take place as follows, for example.
  • the second end zone of the discharge vessel (not shown) is provided with an assembly of a current supply conductor and an electrode.
  • Current supply conductor and electrode are jointly formed, for example, by a tungsten rod of 0.3 mm diameter, the electrode portion being provided with a single winding, also of tungsten.
  • the discharge space 111 is provided with a filling, after which a second assembly of an electrode 140a and a current supply conductor 150a having a halide-resistant section 151a and a permeable section 152a is provided in the opposite first end zone 130.
  • the end 135a of the first end zone 130a facing away from the central zone 120 is subsequently provided with a ring of a ceramic sealing compound comprising dysprosium oxide and heated until this ceramic sealing compound extends approximately 2 mm inside the first end zone 130a, while the permeable section 152a of the current supply conductor 150a remains exposed over a distance of approximately 1.5 mm. Then the lamp is heated to a temperature of approximately 80° C for a few minutes, and after that to a temperature of 600 to 1100° C for 10 minutes, during which hydrogen and oxygen can leave the discharge vessel. Then a ring of a ceramic sealing compound comprising magnesium oxide is placed on the end 135a of the first end zone 130a facing away from the central zone 120.
  • the first end zone 130a is then heated once again until the ceramic sealing compound comprising dysprosium oxide extends to approximately 2 mm beyond the permeable section 152a of the current supply conductor 150a and a continuous seal is thus obtained comprising the seal 133a thus formed and the seal 134a comprising the ceramic sealing compound with magnesium oxide.
  • the ceramic sealing compound comprising magnesium oxide at the end 135a facing away from the central zone 120 has an average coefficient of expansion which differs only slightly from that of DGA and thus contributes considerably to the mechanical strength of the entire seal 132a.
  • the halide-resistant section 251a of the current supply conductor 250a is a hollow pin with an internal diameter of 0.50 mm and an external diameter of 0.70 mm.
  • the halide-resistant section 251a has a length of 9.5 mm and extends over a distance L1 of 8.5 mm inside the end zone 230a which has an internal diameter D of 0.76 mm.
  • a clearance of 0.03 mm is left open inside the end zone 230a by the halide-resistant section 251.
  • the distance L1 is more than the internal diameter D of the end zone augmented by 2 mm (2.76 mm).
  • the permeable section 252a is a solid rod of niobium with a diameter of 0.72 mm.
  • the distance L2 over which the permeable section 252a of the current supply conductor 250a extends inside the end zone is more than three times the internal diameter D of the end zone (2.3 mm) and in this case is approximately 3.5 mm.
  • the halide-resistant section 251a extends over a distance L3 of approximately 2 mm inside the ceramic seal 232a. The lamp consumes a power of 70 W during nominal operation.
  • the halide-resistant section 351a of the current supply conductor 350a is formed by a narrowed section 355a of a rod forming the permeable section 352a of the current supply conductor 350a and by a cover 356a of a halide-resistant material which has been passed over the narrowed section 355a.
  • the discharge vessel narrows approximately conically towards the first end zone 330a at an end 323a of the central zone 320, and narrows further in a transition zone 324a so that the end zone 330a has an external diameter smaller than the smallest external diameter of the discharge vessel.
  • the internal diameter D of the end zone is 0.62 mm.
  • the narrowed section 355a of the rod provided with the cover 356a extends over a distance L1 of 7.5 mm inside the end zone 330a, which is more than the internal diameter augmented by 2 mm (2.62 mm).
  • the internal diameter of the cover 356a is 0.45 mm.
  • the external diameter of the cover 356a is 0.56 mm, as is the diameter of the permeable section 352a.
  • the halide-resistant section 351a accordingly leaves open a clearance of 0.03 inside the end zone 330a.
  • the permeable portion extends over a distance L2 inside the end zone which is greater than three times the internal diameter D of the end zone (1.9 mm). In this case the distance L2 is 3 mm.
  • the ceramic seal 332a extends over a distance of 5 mm inside the end zone 330a, to a distance L3 of approximately 2 mm beyond the permeable portion 352a.
  • Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment.
  • the current supply conductor 450a is a rod of 0.50 mm diameter made of tantalum, which is a material permeable to hydrogen and oxygen.
  • a section 451a of the rod is resistant to halides in that it is provided with a layer 457a of molybdenum having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
  • An end 431a of a tube 430a' forming the first end zone 430a of the discharge vessel 410 is fixed through sintering in an end 423a of a tube 420' forming the central zone 420.
  • the internal diameter D of the first end zone 430a is 0.58 mm.
  • a clearance of 0.02 mm is left open between the first end zone 430a and the halide-resistant section 451a passing through it.
  • the halide-resistant section 451a and the permeable portion 452a extend over a distance L1 of 5.5 mm and a distance L2 of 2.5 mm, respectively, inside the end zone 430a.
  • the distance L1 is greater than the internal diameter D of the end zone 430a augmented by 2 mm, i.e . 2.58 mm.
  • the distance L2 is greater than three times the internal diameter D (1.74 mm).
  • the ceramic seal 432a covers the halide-resistant section 451a over a distance L3 of 2 mm.
  • the lamp consumes a power of 20 W during nominal operation.
  • Fig. 6 in which components corresponding to those of Fig. 1 have reference numerals which are 500 higher, shows an embodiment in which the halide-resistant tungsten section 551a of the current supply conductor 550a has a comparatively narrow end 558a with a length of 6 mm and a diameter of 0.67 mm adjoining the permeable niobium section 552a of the current supply conductor 550a, and an adjoining comparatively wide end 559a which faces the central zone 520 and has a length of 4.5 mm and a diameter of 0.92 mm.
  • the halide-resistant section 551a extends over a distance L1 of 8 mm inside the end zone 530a.
  • the end zone 530a has an internal diameter D of 1.00 mm.
  • the distance L1 accordingly is greater than the internal diameter D of the end zone 530a augmented by 2 mm, i.e . 3.0 mm.
  • the ceramic seal 532a extends up to the comparatively wide end 559a, i.e. over a distance L3 of 6 mm beyond the permeable section 552a.
  • the permeable section 552a is enclosed in the end zone 530a over a distance L2 of 7.5 mm, greater than three times the internal diameter D (3.0 mm).
  • the lamp dissipates a power of 150 W during nominal operation.
  • the end zone 630a has an internal diameter D of 1.00 mm.
  • the halide-resistant section 651a of the current supply conductor 650a is a porous body made of tungsten with a length L1 of 11 mm and a diameter of 0.92 mm which extends entirely within the end zone 630a.
  • the distance L1 is greater than the internal diameter D of the end zone augmented by 2 mm (3.0 mm).
  • the permeable section 652a of the current supply conductor 650a is a niobium rod with a diameter also of 0.92 mm which extends over a distance of more than three times the internal diameter (3.0 mm), in this case over a distance L2 of 4.5 mm inside the end zone 630a.
  • a clearance of 0.03 mm is left open in the end zone 630a by the halide-resistant section 651a.
  • the ceramic sealing compound 632a extends over a distance L3 of approximately 2 mm beyond the permeable section 652a.
  • the power consumed by the lamp during nominal operation is 150 W.
  • the halide-resistant section 651a is a body made of a cermet of tungsten and aluminium oxide in a volume ratio of 60:40.
  • the halide-resistant section 751a is a molybdenum rod surrounded by a winding 760a made from a wire, also of molybdenum.
  • the rod has a diameter of 406 ⁇ m and the winding 760a is made from wire of 129 ⁇ m, 139 ⁇ m and 145 ⁇ m diameter.
  • the end zone 730a here has an internal diameter D of 760 ⁇ m. The space remaining between the inner surface of the end zone 730a and the wire surface facing this zone in these implementations is 48 ⁇ m, 38 ⁇ m and 32 ⁇ m, respectively.
  • the halide-resistant section 751a has a length of 8.5 mm and extends over a distance L1 of the same length inside the end zone 730a. The distance L1 accordingly is more than the internal diameter D of the end zone 730a augmented by 2 mm (2.76 mm).
  • the halide-resistant section 751a is enclosed in the seal 732a of melting ceramic over a length L3 of 1 mm.
  • the permeable section 752a is a solid niobium rod. The latter extends over a distance L2 of 2 mm into the end zone 730a. The lamp consumes a power of 70W during operation.
  • the halide-resistant section 751a has a diameter of, for example, 335 ⁇ m
  • the internal diameter of the end zone 730a is 660 ⁇ m
  • the wire from which the winding 760a is manufactured has a diameter of, for example, 111 or 129 ⁇ m.

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  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Hochdruck-Entladungslampe mit einem keramischen Entladungsgefäß (10), das einen Entladungsraum (11) umschließt, der mit einer ionisierbaren Füllung versehen ist, die Metallhalogenide umfasst, und in dem eine erste und eine zweite Elektrode (40a, 40b) angeordnet sind, welches Entladungsgefäß zu beiden Seiten einer zwischen den Elektroden verlaufenden zentralen Zone (20) eine Endzone umfasst, die erste bzw. zweite Endzone (30a, 30b) genannt wird und die jeweils mit der zentralen Zone verbunden ist, welche erste bzw. zweite Endzone einen mit einer jeweiligen Elektrode (40a, 40b) verbundenen Stromzuführleiter (50a, 50b) mit wenig Spiel umgibt, und in welcher ersten bzw. zweiten Endzone eine Abdichtung (32a, 32b) aus keramischer Dichtungsmasse vorgesehen ist, durch die der jeweilige Stromzuführleiter nach außen tritt, in welcher Lampe die erste Endzone zylindrisch ist und einen Außendurchmesser, der kleiner ist als der kleinste Außendurchmesser der zentralen Zone, und einen Innendurchmesser D hat und der Stromzuführleiter durch die erste Endzone, in der ersten Endzone verlaufend, einen halogenbeständigen Abschnitt in der Verlängerung des Stromzuführleiters (51a, 51b) hat, der der jeweiligen Elektrode zugewandt ist, sowie einen Abschnitt in der Verlängerung des Stromzuführleiters (52a, 52b), der fern von der jeweiligen Elektrode für Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff durchlässig ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der halogenbeständige Abschnitt in der Verlängerung des Stromzuführleiters sich innerhalb der ersten Endzone über einen Abstand L1 erstreckt, der zumindest gleich dem um 2 mm vergrößerten Innendurchmesser D der ersten Endzone ist, und dass der Stromzuführleiter durch die zweite Endzone auch einen halogenbeständigen Abschnitt in der Verlängerung des Stromzuführleiters hat, der dem Entladungsraum zugewandt ist.
  2. Hochdruck-Entladungslampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der durchlässige Abschnitt (52a, 52b) in der Verlängerung des Stromzuführleiters (50a, 50b) aus einem Niobium und/oder Tantal umfassenden Material hergestellt ist.
  3. Hochdruck-Entladungslampe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest die Oberfläche des halogenbeständige Abschnitts in der Verlängerung des Stromzuführleiters (51a, 51b) aus einem Material hergestellt ist, das zumindest eines der Metalle aus der von Wolfram, Molybdän, Platin, Iridium, Rhenium und Rhodium gebildeten Gruppe umfasst und/oder ein elektrisch leitendes Silicid, Carbid oder Nitrid aus zumindest einem dieser Metalle.
  4. Hochdruck-Entladungslampe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der halogenbeständige Abschnitt (51a, 51b) sich bis in die Abdichtung (52a, 52b) aus keramischer Dichtungsmasse erstreckt.
  5. Hochdruck-Entladungslampe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der durchlässige Abschnitt sich innerhalb der ersten Endzone über einen Abstand L2 erstreckt, der zumindest dreimal so groß wie der Innendurchmesser der ersten Endzone ist.
  6. Hochdruck-Entladungslampe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der halogenbeständige Abschnitt ein massiver Stab aus halogenbeständigem Material ist.
  7. Hochdruck-Entladungslampe nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der halogenbeständige Abschnitt des Stromzuführleiters ein an den durchlässigen Abschnitt grenzendes verhältnismäßig schmales Ende und ein der zentralen Zone des Entladungsgefäßes zugewandtes verhältnismäßig weites Ende hat.
  8. Hochdruck-Entladungslampe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stromzuführleiter einen Stab aus durchlässigem Material umfasst, während der halogenbeständige Abschnitt von einem Abschnitt des Stabes gebildet ist, der mit einer Schicht aus halogenbeständigem Material versehen ist.
  9. Hochdruck-Entladungslampe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der halogenbeständige Abschnitt des Stromzuführleiters ein aus einem Kerametall aus keramischen Material mit einem oder mehreren halogenbeständigen Metallen hergestellter Körper ist.
  10. Hochdruck-Entladungslampe nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der halogenbeständige Abschnitt von einer Wicklung umgeben ist, die aus einem der in Anspruch 3 aufgelisteten Metalle hergestellt ist.
  11. Hochdruck-Entladungslampe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein der zentralen Zone zugewandtes Ende einer die erste Endzone bildenden Röhre in einem keramischen Ring fixiert ist, der in einem jeweiligen Ende einer die zentrale Zone bildenden Röhre befestigt ist.
EP19930202553 1992-09-08 1993-09-01 Hochdruckentladungslampe Expired - Lifetime EP0587238B1 (de)

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US6995514B2 (en) 2002-06-14 2006-02-07 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Electrode system for a metal halide lamp, and associated lamp
US7211954B2 (en) 2005-03-09 2007-05-01 General Electric Company Discharge tubes
US7279838B2 (en) 2005-03-09 2007-10-09 General Electric Company Discharge tubes
US7388333B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2008-06-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. High pressure discharge lamp having emission matching an absorption spectrum of green plant
US7420331B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2008-09-02 Osram Sylvania Inc. Doped dysprosia discharge vessel
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US6995514B2 (en) 2002-06-14 2006-02-07 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Electrode system for a metal halide lamp, and associated lamp
US7388333B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2008-06-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. High pressure discharge lamp having emission matching an absorption spectrum of green plant
US7211954B2 (en) 2005-03-09 2007-05-01 General Electric Company Discharge tubes
US7279838B2 (en) 2005-03-09 2007-10-09 General Electric Company Discharge tubes
US7327085B2 (en) 2005-03-09 2008-02-05 General Electric Company Discharge tubes
US7420331B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2008-09-02 Osram Sylvania Inc. Doped dysprosia discharge vessel
US8115390B2 (en) 2007-09-19 2012-02-14 Osram Ag High pressure discharge lamp

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