EP0585663A1 - Cladding element for floors, ceilings and walls - Google Patents

Abstract

A cladding element (10) has a honeycomb-shaped carrier plate (12) which is clamped sandwich-like between two cover plates (14, 16) by means of tension anchors (18). A natural stone plate (22) is glued to the upper cover plate (14). The honeycomb-shaped carrier plate (12) protrudes over the cover plate (14) at two corners located by means of projections (21, 23). On the other two edges of the carrier plate (12), pocket-like depressions (25, 27) are formed, which are complementary in shape and position to the projections (21, 23) on the opposite plate edges. In the panel assembly, the projections of a cladding element engage in the pocket-like recesses (25, 27) of two adjacent paneling elements in a form-fitting manner, thereby creating a stable panel assembly. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a cladding element having the features of the preamble of patent claim 1. Such a cladding element is known from EP 406 991 A1. The honeycomb-shaped carrier plate consists of regular hexagonal honeycombs. The edges of the carrier plate and the cover plates are flush, which also applies to the stone plate. The four plates of the cladding element are thus touched on all four sides by the same imaginary lateral contact planes. In the case of a floor slab covering, this known cladding element requires floor gluing, since otherwise the surface cannot be flush due to the lack of a positive interlocking of the cladding slabs. For wall cladding, these cladding panels have anchors on the back, with which they can be hung in wall mounting rails. Gaps remain between the individual cladding elements of such a wall covering, through which rainwater can penetrate into the cavity between the cladding level and the building wall. Due to the individual suspension of the cladding panels, relative movements of the cladding elements can occur in the event of wind and, depending on the type of suspension, a noise development due to the relative possibility of movement of the panels to one another is not excluded. In the known clothing element, the support plate and the two cover plates are made of aluminum and the stone plate is glued to the upper cover plate at certain points and additionally mechanically anchored to the support plate.

From US 4,601,147 a cladding element is known in which a carrier plate has a continuous floor with a number of upstanding webs on which the stone plate is fastened. The carrier plate and the stone plate match in width, but the carrier plate has an insertion tongue at one end of its length, which is assigned an insertion groove for the insertion tongue of an adjacent plate at the other end. The Carrier panels thus interlock in their longitudinal directions in a form-fitting manner, but in the transverse direction there are longitudinal joints between the rows of cladding elements with the disadvantages that have already been described above. In the case of large-sized cladding elements, the support plate formation with the plurality of parallel support webs is disadvantageous in comparison to a honeycomb-shaped support element, because the stone slab is not supported over the entire web length between two support webs.

DE 90 06 046-U1 shows a cladding element with a carrier plate for tiles, the carrier plate being structured with rectangular honeycombs and having a top wall on which the tiles can be glued. The carrier plate has a frame-like border, from which protrusions protrude outwards, which are intended to engage in corresponding cutouts in adjacent cladding elements. A simultaneous row and column locking of the cladding elements is only possible when installed perpendicular to the panel level. In addition, the manufacture of the carrier plate is very expensive because it cannot be produced by the extrusion process, but the top wall alone, but also the outwardly facing hooking projections, require production by the injection molding process. There is also the disadvantage here that continuous joints are formed between the cladding elements, so that water can penetrate to the rear of the cladding element, which is why special drainage openings for the water are required here.

The object of the invention is to provide a cladding element of the type mentioned while maintaining a sandwich structure of the supporting body for the stone slab so that an absolutely flush installation, for example, a floor covering is possible even without gluing the elements, the stability of a panel assembly is significantly increased and the cladding panel comparatively low manufacturing costs.

This object is achieved in a panel of the type mentioned by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

The advantage of the invention is that, despite the simple design of the carrier plate in the continuous casting process from plastic, a toothing of the composite is guaranteed both in the row and in the column direction, so that the stability of the cladding wall is significantly increased. This advantage is achieved in that the outer contour of the carrier plate is chosen larger than that of the cover and stone plates. Since the carrier plate thus protrudes from the upper cover plate at two corners of the upper cover plate, these projections engage under the cover plates of two adjacent cladding elements. Since the honeycomb structure of the carrier plate on the edges of the cover plate leads to spaced projections on two edges and corresponding complementary recesses on the other two edges, a positive connection between the carrier plate and the carrier plates of the four neighboring lining elements takes place on all four edges of the cladding element. In addition to this form-fitting in the plane of the carrier plate, the invention also creates a form-fitting at right angles to the plane of the plate, since two cover plates lying in a corner are undercut by the projections of the carrier plate of the cladding element located therebetween. The result is that the surface of the panel assembly is achieved with the simplest of means, so that, for example, a floor panel covering can be quickly installed with the prefabricated cladding panels, since the cladding elements are not glued to the floor. Since the cladding element according to the invention can only be brought into a fitting position with the composite by moving it in the plane of the panel assembly, the shapes of the projections must be determined in such a way that fitting is possible at all. This is ensured if at least two parallel, flat walls of a honeycomb extend at an acute angle, i.e. at an angle of less than 90 ° to the plate edges, and if the walls are curved, wavy edges are formed where the tangents at the points of curvature form the acute angle with the plate edges. The The method according to the invention is that a cladding element is brought into a fitting position at an acute angle in the range from approximately 25 ° to approximately 65 ° to one of the adjacent rectilinear cover plate edges of the composite. In particular, if the honeycombs have a regular hexagon cross-section, the insertion direction coincides with the direction of one of the hexagon sides that adjoin one of the two parallel sides of the hexagon. According to the invention, this results in an insertion direction of the cladding element at an angle of 30 ° to the longitudinal edge or to the transverse edge of the cladding element, depending on whether the parallel sides of the hexagons are oriented parallel to the longitudinal or transverse edge of the cladding element. If the parallel sides of the hexagons run parallel to the longitudinal edge of the plate, the direction of insertion is 60 ° to this longitudinal edge and thus 30 ° to the transverse edge.

The lower cover plate is in principle only required for bracing the sandwich plate, so that in principle, instead of a continuous cover plate, a separate small abutment plate is provided for each anchor element, which is supported on the honeycomb walls of the support plate. A more advantageous solution, however, uses a lower cover plate of the same format and in the same contour as the upper cover plate, so that between the two cover plates in the area of the recesses of the carrier plate, insertion pockets are formed for the projections on the opposite edge of the next cladding element. Each paneling element is thus immovably interlocked in a form-fitting manner after insertion into the composite at two corners lying above it, and since the next paneling panels are anchored in a corresponding manner to the two other edges of the aforementioned paneling element, a circumferential form-locking composite results.

An important further development of the invention is that the stone slab is arranged diagonally offset on the upper cover slab. Preferably the diagonal Offset selected so that the stone slab projects above the upper cover slab at the two edges, where the projections of the support slab are also formed. Since the diagonal offset of the stone slab to the cover slab is preferably chosen only so large that the projections of the support plate still protrude beyond the contour of the stone slab, the latter is protected against damage. This diagonal offset of the stone slab increases the nesting effect, since the stone slab of a cladding element now overlaps the cover plates of two adjacent cladding elements and the cover plate of this cladding element is overlapped by the stone slabs of adjacent cladding elements on the other two edges. In addition, this further development ensures a better seal against the ingress of moisture, since the joints of the stone slabs are offset in relation to those of the cover slabs in the slab composite.

With the features of claims 6-9, a very convenient suspension system for the cladding elements is achieved, the mounting rails being able to be mounted both vertically and horizontally on a building wall and the slanted slots in the mounting rails ensuring that the cladding elements are quickly fitted, since these are through the slanted slots be guided in the correct fitting direction in the fitting position. The slanted slots run down to the longitudinal center of the mounting rails, so that the weight of the cladding elements secures them in their fitting position. Thanks to the all-round nesting of each cladding element in the composite, the cladding wall is absolutely flush with the surface and extremely stable.

The invention is described in more detail with reference to the drawing, which shows exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 1

eine Schnittansicht durch einen Verkleidungselementenverbund,

FIG. 2

eine Schnittansicht in größerem Maßstab durch ein Verkleidungselement,

FIG. 3

eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht an der Stoßstelle zweier Verkleidungselemente eines Verbundes,

FIG. 4

eine Draufsicht auf ein, in den Verbund einzusetzendes Verkleidungselement,

FIG. 5

eine Schnittansicht durch einen Fassadenplatten-Verbund,

FIG. 6

eine Schnittansicht ähnlich FIG. 5, jedoch in größerem Maßstab mit Darstellung der Stoßstelle und eines mechanischen Ankers,

FIG. 7

eine Schnittansicht ähnlich FIG. 6, jedoch in einer geringfügig abgewandelten Ausführung,

FIG. 8

eine Ansicht eines Systems von Tragschienen zur Montage der Verkleidungselemente,

FIG. 9

eine schaubildliche Darstellung einer Tragschiene für die Verkleidungselemente
und

FIG. 10

eine teilweise geschnittene Ansicht der Tragschiene an einer Gebäudewand mit dem in die Schiene eingreifenden Teil des Ankers.

It shows:

FIG. 1

2 shows a sectional view through a panel element assembly,

FIG. 2nd

2 shows a sectional view on a larger scale through a cladding element,

FIG. 3rd

2 shows an enlarged sectional view at the joint of two cladding elements of a composite,

FIG. 4th

3 shows a plan view of a cladding element to be inserted into the composite,

FIG. 5

2 shows a sectional view through a facade panel composite,

FIG. 6

a sectional view similar to FIG. 5, but on a larger scale showing the joint and a mechanical anchor,

FIG. 7

a sectional view similar to FIG. 6, but in a slightly modified version,

FIG. 8th

a view of a system of mounting rails for mounting the cladding elements,

FIG. 9

a diagrammatic representation of a mounting rail for the cladding elements
and

FIG. 10th

a partially sectioned view of the mounting rail on a building wall with the part of the anchor engaging in the rail.

A cladding element 10 has a honeycomb-shaped carrier plate 12 made of plastic and two cover plates 14, 16 placed on opposite end faces, between which the carrier plate 12 is sandwiched. The two cover plates 14, 16 are braced with the support plate 12 by means of tension anchors 18. On the top Plate 14 has an adhesive layer 20 applied, by means of which a natural stone plate 22 is glued to the plate 14 made of metal.

The carrier plate 12 has a number of cavities 13 which are closed circumferentially by strong partition walls 15. The cavities 13 form cylindrical tubes with a constant cross section. A regular hexagonal cross section is shown in the exemplary embodiments. According to FIG. 1, the carrier plate 12 has an opening 17 and a corresponding floor 19 which is integrally connected to the partition walls 15 and has a corresponding floor 19. The two cover plates 14, 16 can additionally be glued to these two. In the representation according to FIG. 2 and 3 omit the ceiling 17 and floor 19 and the metal plates 14, 16 are only mechanically clamped to the support plate 12 by the tensioning anchors 18. In FIG. 3, the cavities 13 are filled with an insulating material 24 in order to increase the thermal and impact sound insulation properties.

The cladding elements are prefabricated as standard and can then be easily moved by pushing them together at the construction site, the carrier plates each interlocking with two adjacent cladding elements 10, so that a stable bond is created. The metal plates 14, 16 protrude over two stone edges above the stone plate 22 and are set back on the other two edges accordingly, so that the butt joint between two stone plates 22 is closed on the bottom side by the protruding metal plate 14 of the one cladding element 10. The joint has the reference number 26.

In FIG. 4, the cover plates 14, 16 can be seen with solid lines, between which the joints 29 are formed. The edges of the stone slabs 22 are shown in dash-dot lines and the walls 15 of the support slab 12, which here consists of a section of an extrusion profile, can be seen in broken lines.

The cover plates 14, 16 and the stone plates 22 have at least approximately the same rectangular format and the carrier plate 12 is affected by an imaginary rectangular box on the outside, which is larger in length and width than the format of the cover plates. The carrier plate 12 protrudes from the edges of the metal plates 14, 16 at two corners, one with trapezoidal protrusions 21 and the other with triangular protrusions 23. Correspondingly configured recesses 25, 27 are provided on the other two edges, for the positive engagement of one attached lining element 10 serve. As can be seen from FIG. 4 results, four tension anchors 18 are sufficient to brace the cover plates 14, 16 with the carrier plate 12. The stone slab 22 is offset diagonally to the cover slabs, so that the butt joints 26 are offset between the stone slabs 22 and the cover slab joints 29.

The cladding element is assembled in the composite by a sliding movement in the panel plane in only one very specific direction, which is shown in FIG. 4 is indicated by the arrow 31. This direction runs parallel to a hexagon side of a honeycomb which adjoins one of the parallel sides of the hexagon. This insertion direction forms an angle of 60 ° with the longitudinal edges of the cover plates 14, 16 which are protruded by the trapezoidal projections 21 or recesses 25 and an angle of 30 ° with the transverse edges of the cover plates, to which the triangular projections 23 and recesses 27 are assigned. With this one straight-line sliding movement, the cladding element 10 is interlocked at the same time in a form-fitting manner with the panel assembly on two edges lying at a corner. The in FIG. 4 corner honeycomb shown at the top left summarizes a projection 21 and a projection 23 and is overlapped in the composite of three adjacent cover plates 14, 16.

In FIG. 5, the anchors 18 'protrude beyond the lower cover plate 16 and have a screwed-on abutment 28. The anchor 18 'consists of a screw, the head of which is essentially flush with the top of the cover plate 14 and at most protrudes into the adhesive layer 20. The abutment 28 has a hexagon collar 30 for bracing. The collar 30 is followed by a sleeve 32, which connects the collar 30 to a circular flange 34. The abutment 28 has a continuous internal thread. Collar 30, sleeve 32 and support flange 34 form the one-piece abutment 28. The support flange 34 fits into a C-shaped support rail 36 which is screwed onto a building wall in a known manner by means of screws 38 and dowels, not shown. The support rail 36 is shown in FIG. 9 shown in detail. It has a longitudinal slot 40 between the two cover walls 42 and the width of this longitudinal slot 40 is dimensioned so that the sleeve 32 of the abutment 28 has space therein. The distance of the collar 30 from the support flange 34, which corresponds to the sleeve length, is slightly larger than the thickness of the top walls 42, so that they have space between the collar 30 and the support flange 34. The diameter of the support flange 34, the contour of which can be seen in FIG. 10 results, is approximately equal to the clear width of the rail 36. The rail 36 has in a side wall 44 a number of rectangular openings 46 which are at a precise distance from one another and through which the support flanges 34 of the anchors 18 'fit. A connecting slot 48 adjoins each of the openings 46 in the adjacent top wall 42 and opens into the longitudinal slot 40. The connecting slot 48 forms an angle of at least approximately 30 ° with the transverse direction of the rail 36 and, in the case of a vertically mounted rail 36, the connecting slot 48 extends obliquely downward from the rail side wall to the longitudinal slot 40. The width of the connecting slot 48 is smaller than that of the opening 46 and approximately equal to the diameter of the abutment sleeve 32.

The cladding panels 10 are suspended from the side in the mounting rails 36, as shown in FIG. 8 illustrates this. The four support flanges 34 of the abutments 28 are inserted into the lateral rail openings 46, after which the sleeves 32 enter the connecting slots 48. The panel 10 slides both to the left and downwards until the sleeve 32 abuts the edge of the left-hand top wall 42 (FIG. 8). The sleeve 32 is then supported approximately diametrically opposite at the corner between the lower edge of the connecting slot 48 and the edge of the right-hand top wall 42 (FIG. 10). Thanks to this oblique insertion of the abutment 28 into the mounting rails 36 from the side, the two differently contoured edges of the carrier plate 12 reach the complementary edge configurations of the two adjacent carrier plates of the previously suspended cladding elements. The positive connection at both edges of the cladding elements lying at right angles to one another thus takes place simultaneously.

FIG. 7 illustrates a slight modification of a cladding element 10 in that the cover-side separate plate 14 is provided with four recessed embossments 50. These embossments 50 are designed such that they fit into the contour of a cavity 13 of the carrier plate 12 in a form-fitting manner. The depressions 50 stiffen the plate 14 once and serve to receive a broad head 52 of the armature 18 or 18 '.

Instead of the C-rail, a rail with a box-shaped hollow profile, i.e. with a continuous top wall, can also be used. The connecting slots then extend beyond the middle of the rail by half the anchor shaft diameter.

Instead of the hexagonal honeycomb, the carrier plate 12 can also have, for example, circular honeycombs. The projections then have a circular segment contour on both corners of the carrier plate lying at the corners. However, the mutual interlocking results only in line contact instead of the surface contacts in the case of hexagonal honeycombs.

Finally, it should be pointed out that although it is advantageous but not imperative to design the honeycombs in the form of a regular hexagon, the parallel sides of the hexagon, that is to say the sides parallel to the edges of the sides of the cover plate, can also be longer or shorter than the other sides . This also changes the insertion angle. These parallel sides can also shrink to the value 0, so that the hexagon becomes a parallelogram or a rhombus. Such quadrangular oblique honeycomb cross sections are also expressly within the scope of the invention. The projections can then be triangular on both corner plate edges and their apex angle is 90 ° in the case of a square. The insertion angle of the cladding element in the composite is then 45 °.

It would be added that the two cover plates 14, 16 can be attached to the carrier plate instead of or in addition to the mechanical anchors 18 by gluing.

Claims (10)

Cladding element for floors, ceilings and walls, consisting of a honeycomb carrier plate (12), which is sandwiched between an upper rectangular cover plate (14) and a lower cover plate (16) and with these e.g. is connected by mechanical anchors (18) and to a stone plate (22) which is fastened to the upper cover plate (14) and has at least approximately the same format, characterized in that spaced honeycomb parts of the carrier plate (12) at least at two corners lying at the corners form one of the cover plates (14, 16) over their entire height from this protruding projections (21, 23) and along the other two edges of the cover plate (14) to the projections (21, 23) each complementary recesses (25, 27) in of the carrier plate (12) are provided such that in the panel assembly the carrier plate (12) of a cladding element (10) interlocks with the carrier plates (12) of adjacent cladding elements (10) at all four edges and the upper cover plates (14) of all cladding panels (10) at least almost abut at their edges and each upper cover panel (14) of a cladding element (10) does the preliminary tests nge (21, 23) of the carrier plates (12) overlaps two adjacent cladding elements (10). Cladding element according to claim 1, characterized that the edges of the upper cover plate (14) are aligned with those of the lower cover plate (16) in the direction of the honeycomb and the recesses (25, 27) of the support plate (12) have blind hole-like insertion pockets for the projections (21, 23) of adjacent support plates (12) Form cladding elements (10). Cladding element according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one projection (21, 23) of the carrier plate (12) provided on a cover plate corner is overlapped in the plate assembly by the cover plates (14, 16) of three adjacent cladding elements (10). Cladding element according to one of Claims 1-3, characterized in that an imaginary rectangular frame which closely surrounds the support plate (12) is larger in width and length than at least one of the two cover plates (14, 16). Cladding element according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the stone slab (22) on the upper cover plate (14) is arranged diagonally offset. Cladding element according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the anchors (18) protrude over the lower cover plate (16), each with an anchor shaft (32) and at the end a spaced from the lower cover plate (16) opposite the anchor shaft (32 ) have widened support flange (34), and that for holding the cladding element (10) two slotted support rails (36) to be fastened to a building surface are provided, in which the anchors (18) with their support flanges (34) can be attached. Support rail according to claim 6, characterized in that it consists of a hollow profile with a substantially rectangular cross-section and has a bottom wall, two side walls and a top wall (42) possibly interrupted by a longitudinal slot (40), and that in a side wall (44) Number of insertion openings (46) is provided for the support flange (34), each of which is followed by a connecting slot (48) provided in the adjacent top wall half (42), the width of which is smaller than that of the insertion opening (46) but at least as large as that Width of the anchor shaft (32) is. Support rail according to claim 7, characterized in that the connecting slots (48) each form an acute angle in the range from 25 ° to 65 ° with the longitudinal extent of the support rail (36). Support rail according to claim 8, characterized in that the angle which the connecting slots (48) form with the longitudinal or transverse direction of the support rail (36) is at least approximately 30 °. Cladding element according to one of Claims 1-9, characterized in that the projections (21) on one edge of the carrier plate (12) have a trapezoidal cross section and the projections (23) on the edge of the carrier plate (12) adjoining a corner have a triangular cross section and the Trapezoidal and triangular projections (21, 23) form parts of the honeycomb-shaped wall structure of the carrier plate (12), the honeycombs of which have a regular hexagon cross section.

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