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EP0579074B1 - Baking oven with a cooling air fan and/or with a hot-air fan - Google Patents

Baking oven with a cooling air fan and/or with a hot-air fan Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0579074B1
EP0579074B1 EP93110684A EP93110684A EP0579074B1 EP 0579074 B1 EP0579074 B1 EP 0579074B1 EP 93110684 A EP93110684 A EP 93110684A EP 93110684 A EP93110684 A EP 93110684A EP 0579074 B1 EP0579074 B1 EP 0579074B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
baking oven
air fan
baking
oven according
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93110684A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0579074A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Volker
Venjakob Rainer
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Miele und Cie KG
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Miele und Cie KG
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Publication of EP0579074A1 publication Critical patent/EP0579074A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/32—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens
    • F24C15/322—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/006—Arrangements for circulation of cooling air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an oven with a heating element baking muffle and with a switch space provided outside the baking muffle for electrical or electronic components and with a cooling air blower arranged outside the baking muffle and / or with a hot air blower arranged inside the baking muffle.
  • DE-A-32 11 487 discloses a double oven in which the upper cooking space is heated with microwave energy, while the lower one is equipped with conventional radiators.
  • a large number of electrical and electronic components are housed outside the cooking compartments, protected against overheating, without providing a special cooling fan. This is achieved in particular by the fact that cooling air is sucked in via an air inlet opening on the upper housing edge by a fan, which thus cools the magnetron and the electronic components of the control device.
  • the fan motor driving this fan also puts another fan into operation for cooling the electrical components, such as a transformer.
  • another motor inside the lower cooking chamber drives a fan to circulate the heated air.
  • AC motors are used to drive these fans.
  • the disadvantage of these AC motors is that they have to be dimensioned for the frequency or amplitude of the mains voltage present. If devices are delivered to countries with different mains voltages, the appropriate motor must be installed in advance. This requires the provision and assembly of different engine types, which complicates the manufacture considerably.
  • the invention therefore presents the problem of creating an oven in which these disadvantages are avoided and universally usable cooling air and hot air blower motors can be used.
  • the fan motors are independent of the amplitude and frequency of the respective mains connection voltage can always be operated with the same supply voltage.
  • Another advantage is the considerably simplified speed control of these motors, as there is no need for expensive AC power controllers.
  • the fan motors are operated with a low voltage of less than 42 volts, in particular 12 or 24 volts. This eliminates the approval required for motors operated with higher supply voltages.
  • the same motor types can be used for all target countries during production, which has a particularly favorable effect on warehousing.
  • the oven in Figure 1 has a baking muffle (1), which is closed at the front by a door (2). There is an air inlet opening (3) in the area below the door (2) and an air outlet opening (4) in the handle area of the door (2). These are connected to a cooling air duct (5) arranged around the baking muffle (1).
  • a crossflow fan (6) inserted in this channel (5) serves as a cooling air blower. It is connected on the suction side to the air inlet opening (3) and on the pressure side to the air outlet opening (4) via the upper area of the cooling air duct (5), the latter separating the baking muffle (1) itself and the overlying switch space (7) of the oven.
  • the blown out cooling air serves on the one hand for thermal insulation the baking muffle (1), on the other hand, via a vapor extraction duct (8), it dissipates the cooking fumes generated in the baking muffle (1) to the outside.
  • the cross-flow fan (6) is driven by a fan motor (9) on the side.
  • switch room (7) In the switch room (7) are the electrical and electronic components for operating the oven and for the dependent control of the consumers.
  • a connection strip (10) via which the oven is supplied with mains voltage.
  • the entire control electronics (11) are located in the front area behind the control panel. This is electrically connected to selector switches (12) for selecting the baking muffle temperature and the type of heating, as well as the sensor for measuring the baking muffle temperature actually present.
  • a temperature sensor (13) is arranged inside or in the vicinity of the control electronics (11).
  • the baking muffle (1) is heated by an upper heat radiator (14), a lower heat radiator (15) and a ring radiator (16).
  • the blower wheel (17) of a hot-air blower is arranged inside the ring heating element and serves to evenly distribute the heat generated in the baking muffle (1).
  • the drive motor (18) of the hot air blower is fastened outside the baking muffle (1) on its rear side (19).
  • FIG. 2 shows the operation of the electrical and electronic components using a block diagram.
  • a primary-clocked switching power supply (20) generates two direct voltages of 12 volts and 24 volts, which are independent of the amplitude and frequency of the mains voltage.
  • the 12 volt voltage is used to supply small consumers and relays (not shown in the drawing) and, after transformation to 5 volts, to supply the control computer (21).
  • the 24-volt voltage is applied to the fan motor (9) and the drive motor (18) of the hot air blower via current valves (22a; 22b). Both motors (9; 18) are collectorless DC motors that work on the external rotor principle.
  • the control computer (21) opens and closes the current valves (22a; 22b) and thus influences the engine speeds.
  • the stator windings are commutated via Hall sensors. If the control computer (21) detects a rotor standstill, ie no change in the magnetic field, then it detects a failure of the cooling or hot air blower and switches off the radiators (14; 15; 16).
  • the speed of the cooling air fan is controlled continuously depending on the ambient temperature measured with the temperature sensor (13) on the control electronics (11) and depending on the type of heating set using the selector switch (12), but also depending on the type set in the baking muffle or existing temperature. In this way, on the one hand, the components of the control electronics (11) are protected against overheating, and, on the other hand, excessive cooling of the baking muffle can be prevented by the cooling fan being too powerful.
  • the stepless control of the hot air blower speed is only dependent on the type of heating set with the selector switch (12) in connection with the previously selected or actually existing temperatures in the baking muffle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Backofen mit einer Heizelemente aufweisenden Backmuffel und mit einem außerhalb der Backmuffel vorgesehenen Schalterraum für elektrische oder elektronische Bauteile sowie mit einem außerhalb der Backmuffel angeordneten Kühlluftgebläse und/oder mit einem innerhalb der Backmuffel angeordneten Heißluftgebläse.The invention relates to an oven with a heating element baking muffle and with a switch space provided outside the baking muffle for electrical or electronic components and with a cooling air blower arranged outside the baking muffle and / or with a hot air blower arranged inside the baking muffle.

Es ist bei Backöfen bekannt, die Umgebung der Backmuffel mit von einem Kühlluftgebläse erzeugter Frischluft abzukühlen und so die in einem Schalterraum oberhalb der Backmuffel angeordneten elektrischen und elektronischen Bauteile vor Überhitzung zu schützen. Weiterhin ist es bekannt, innerhalb der Backmuffel die durch Heizkörper erhitzte Luft zur Vergleichmäßigung mit einem Heißluftgebläse umzuwälzen.In ovens, it is known to cool the surroundings of the baking muffle with fresh air generated by a cooling air blower and thus to protect the electrical and electronic components arranged in a switch room above the baking muffle from overheating. Furthermore, it is known to circulate the air heated by the heating element within the baking muffle in order to equalize it with a hot air blower.

In der DE-A-32 11 487 ist ein Doppelbackofen offenbart, bei dem der obere Garraum mit Mikrowellenenergie beheizt wird, während der untere mit konventionellen Heizkörpern ausgestattet ist. Eine Vielzahl von elektrischen und elektronischen Bauelementen wird außerhalb der Garräume gegen Überhitzung geschützt untergebracht, ohne hierfür einen speziellen Kühllüfter vorzusehen. Das wird insbesondere dadurch erreicht, daß über eine Lufteinlaßöffnung am oberen Gehäuserand Kühlluft von einem Lüfter angesaugt wird, der damit das Magnetron und die elektronischen Bauelemente des Steuergerätes kühlt. Der diesen Lüfter antreibende Lüftermotor setzt gleichzeitig noch einen weiteren Lüfter zur Kühlung der elektrischen Bauteile, wie Transformator in Betrieb. Innerhalb des unteren Garraumes übernimmt dagegen ein anderer Motor den Antrieb eines Gebläses zur Umwälzung der erwärmten Luft.DE-A-32 11 487 discloses a double oven in which the upper cooking space is heated with microwave energy, while the lower one is equipped with conventional radiators. A large number of electrical and electronic components are housed outside the cooking compartments, protected against overheating, without providing a special cooling fan. This is achieved in particular by the fact that cooling air is sucked in via an air inlet opening on the upper housing edge by a fan, which thus cools the magnetron and the electronic components of the control device. The fan motor driving this fan also puts another fan into operation for cooling the electrical components, such as a transformer. In contrast, another motor inside the lower cooking chamber drives a fan to circulate the heated air.

Zum Antrieb dieser Gebläse werden Wechselstrommotoren verwendet. Der Nachteil dieser Wechselspannungsmotoren ist der, daß sie für Frequenz bzw. Amplitude der jeweils vorhandenen Netzanschlußspannung dimensioniert sein müssen. Werden also Geräte in Länder mit unterschiedlichen Netzspannungen geliefert, muß vorab der jeweils passende Motor eingebaut werden. Dies erfordert eine Bereitstellung und eine Montage von verschiedenen Motortypen, was die Fertigung erheblich kompliziert.AC motors are used to drive these fans. The disadvantage of these AC motors is that they have to be dimensioned for the frequency or amplitude of the mains voltage present. If devices are delivered to countries with different mains voltages, the appropriate motor must be installed in advance. This requires the provision and assembly of different engine types, which complicates the manufacture considerably.

Der Erfindung stellt sich somit das Problem, einen Backofen zu schaffen, bei dem diese Nachteile vermieden werden und universell einsetzbare Kühlluft- und Heißluftgebläsemotoren verwendet werden können.The invention therefore presents the problem of creating an oven in which these disadvantages are avoided and universally usable cooling air and hot air blower motors can be used.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dieses Problem durch einen Backofen mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den nachfolgenden Unteransprüchen.According to the invention, this problem is solved by an oven with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the following subclaims.

Die mit der Erfindung erreichbaren Vorteile bestehen darin, daß die Gebläsemotoren unabhängig von Amplitude und Frequenz der jeweiligen Netzanschlußspannung stets mit der gleichen Speisespannung betreibbar sind. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht in der erheblich vereinfachten Drehzahlregelung dieser Motoren, da teure Wechselstromsteller entfallen.The advantages that can be achieved with the invention are that the fan motors are independent of the amplitude and frequency of the respective mains connection voltage can always be operated with the same supply voltage. Another advantage is the considerably simplified speed control of these motors, as there is no need for expensive AC power controllers.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden die Gebläsemotoren mit einer Niederspannung von weniger als 42 Volt, insbesondere 12 bzw. 24 Volt betrieben. Hierdurch entfällt die für mit höheren Speisespannungen betriebene Motoren vorgeschriebene Approbation.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the fan motors are operated with a low voltage of less than 42 volts, in particular 12 or 24 volts. This eliminates the approval required for motors operated with higher supply voltages.

Weiterhin sind durch die mögliche Verwendung von Niederspannungsmotoren in Herden, bei der Fertigung die gleichen Motortypen für alle Zielländer einsetzbar, was besonders günstige Auswirkungen auf die Lagerhaltung hat.Furthermore, due to the possible use of low-voltage motors in herds, the same motor types can be used for all target countries during production, which has a particularly favorable effect on warehousing.

Durch den Einsatz eines steuerbaren Kühlluftgebläses in Abhängigkeit von der eingestellten oder tatsächlich vorhandenen Backmuffeltemperatur treten erhebliche Energieeinsparungen, in Höhe von etwa 5% auf.The use of a controllable cooling air blower, depending on the set or actually existing baking muffle temperature, results in considerable energy savings of around 5%.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen rein schematisch dargestellt und wird nachstehend näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
die schematische Darstellung eines Backofens im Querschnitt;
Figur 2
die Funktionsweise der elektrischen und elektronischen Bauteile in Blockschaltbilddarstellung.
An embodiment of the invention is shown purely schematically in the drawings and is described in more detail below. Show it:
Figure 1
the schematic representation of an oven in cross section;
Figure 2
the functioning of the electrical and electronic components in block diagram representation.

Der Backofen in Figur 1 besitzt eine Backmuffel (1), welche an ihrer Frontseite durch eine Tür (2) verschlossen wird. Im Bereich unterhalb der Tür (2) befindet sich eine Lufteinlaßöffnung (3), im Griffbereich der Tür (2) eine Luftauslaßöffnung (4). Diese stehen in Verbindung mit einem um die Backmuffel (1) herum angeordneten Kühlluftkanal (5).The oven in Figure 1 has a baking muffle (1), which is closed at the front by a door (2). There is an air inlet opening (3) in the area below the door (2) and an air outlet opening (4) in the handle area of the door (2). These are connected to a cooling air duct (5) arranged around the baking muffle (1).

Ein in diesen Kanal (5) eingesetzter Querstromlüfter (6) dient als Kühlluftgebläse. Es ist saugseitig mit der Lufteinlaßöffnung (3) und druckseitig mit der Luftauslaßöffnung (4) über den oberen Bereich des Kühlluftkanals (5) verbunden, wobei letzterer die Backmuffel (1) selbst und den darüber liegenden Schalterraum (7) des Backofens trennt. Die ausgeblasene Kühlluft dient einerseits zur thermischen Isolation der Backmuffel (1), andererseits führt sie über einen Wrasenabzugskanal (8) die in der Backmuffel (1) entstehenden Kochdünste nach außen ab. Der Antrieb des Querstromlüfters (6) erfolgt durch einen seitlich angeordneten Lüftermotor (9).A crossflow fan (6) inserted in this channel (5) serves as a cooling air blower. It is connected on the suction side to the air inlet opening (3) and on the pressure side to the air outlet opening (4) via the upper area of the cooling air duct (5), the latter separating the baking muffle (1) itself and the overlying switch space (7) of the oven. The blown out cooling air serves on the one hand for thermal insulation the baking muffle (1), on the other hand, via a vapor extraction duct (8), it dissipates the cooking fumes generated in the baking muffle (1) to the outside. The cross-flow fan (6) is driven by a fan motor (9) on the side.

Im Schalterraum (7) befinden sich die elektrischen und elektronischen Bauteile für die Bedienung des Backofens und für die davon abhängige Ansteuerung der Verbraucher. Im hinteren Bereich des Schalterraums (7) ist eine Anschlußleiste (10) angeordnet, über welche der Backofen mit Netzspannung versorgt wird. Im vorderen Bereich hinter dem Bedienfeld befindet sich die gesamte Steuerelektronik (11). Diese steht mit Wahlschaltern (12) zur Anwahl der Backmuffeltemperatur und mit der Beheizungsart, sowie mit dem Sensor zur Messung der tatsächlich vorhandenen Backmuffeltemperatur elektrisch in Verbindung. Innerhalb oder in der Nähe der Steuerelektronik (11) ist ein Temperatursensor (13) angeordnet.In the switch room (7) are the electrical and electronic components for operating the oven and for the dependent control of the consumers. In the rear area of the switch room (7) there is a connection strip (10) via which the oven is supplied with mains voltage. The entire control electronics (11) are located in the front area behind the control panel. This is electrically connected to selector switches (12) for selecting the baking muffle temperature and the type of heating, as well as the sensor for measuring the baking muffle temperature actually present. A temperature sensor (13) is arranged inside or in the vicinity of the control electronics (11).

Die Beheizung der Backmuffel (1) erfolgt durch einen Oberhitze-Heizkörper (14), einen Unterhitze-Heizkörper (15) und einen Ringheizkörper (16). Innerhalb des Ringheizkörpers ist das Gebläserad (17) eines Heißluftgebläses angeordnet, welches zur gleichmäßigen Verteilung der in der Backmuffel (1) erzeugten Hitze dient. Der Antriebsmotor (18) des Heißluftgebläses ist außerhalb der Backmuffel (1) auf ihrer Rückseite (19) befestigt.The baking muffle (1) is heated by an upper heat radiator (14), a lower heat radiator (15) and a ring radiator (16). The blower wheel (17) of a hot-air blower is arranged inside the ring heating element and serves to evenly distribute the heat generated in the baking muffle (1). The drive motor (18) of the hot air blower is fastened outside the baking muffle (1) on its rear side (19).

Figur 2 zeigt die Funktionsweise der elektrischen und elektronischen Bauteile anhand eines Blockschaltbildes. Ein primärgetaktetes Schaltnetzteil (20) erzeugt zwei von der Amplitude und der Frequenz der Netzspannung unabhängige Gleichspannungen von 12 Volt und 24 Volt. Die 12-Volt-Spannung dient zur Versorgung von in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Kleinverbrauchern und Relais und, nach Transformation auf 5 Volt zur Spannungsversorgung des Steuerrechners (21).Figure 2 shows the operation of the electrical and electronic components using a block diagram. A primary-clocked switching power supply (20) generates two direct voltages of 12 volts and 24 volts, which are independent of the amplitude and frequency of the mains voltage. The 12 volt voltage is used to supply small consumers and relays (not shown in the drawing) and, after transformation to 5 volts, to supply the control computer (21).

Die 24-Volt-Spannung wird über Stromventile (22a;22b) an den Lüftermotor (9) und an den Antriebsmotor (18) des Heißluftgebläses gelegt. Bei beiden Motoren (9;18) handelt es sich um kollektorlose Gleichstrommotoren, die nach dem Außenläuferprinzip arbeiten. Der Steuerrechner (21) öffnet und schließt die Stromventile (22a;22b) und beeinflußt so die Motordrehzahlen. Die Kommutierung der Statorwicklungen erfolgt über Hall-Sensoren. Erkennt der Steuerrechner (21) dabei einen Stillstand eines Rotors, d. h. keine Änderung des Magnetfelds, so erkennt er einen Ausfall des Kühl- oder Heißluftgebläses und schaltet die Heizkörper (14;15;16) ab.The 24-volt voltage is applied to the fan motor (9) and the drive motor (18) of the hot air blower via current valves (22a; 22b). Both motors (9; 18) are collectorless DC motors that work on the external rotor principle. The control computer (21) opens and closes the current valves (22a; 22b) and thus influences the engine speeds. The stator windings are commutated via Hall sensors. If the control computer (21) detects a rotor standstill, ie no change in the magnetic field, then it detects a failure of the cooling or hot air blower and switches off the radiators (14; 15; 16).

Die Steuerung der Drehzahl des Kühlluftgebläses erfolgt stufenlos in Abhängigkeit von der mit dem Temperatursensor (13) an der Steuerelektronik (11) gemessenen Umgebungstemperatur und in Abhängigkeit von der mit dem Wahlschalter (12) eingestellten Beheizungsart, aber auch in Abhängigkeit von der in der Backmuffel eingestellten oder vorhandenen Temperatur. Auf diese Weise werden einerseits die Bauteile der Steuerelektronik (11) vor Überhitzung geschützt, zum anderen kann ein zu starkes Abkühlen der Backmuffel durch eine zu große Leistung des Kühlluftgebläses verhindert werden.The speed of the cooling air fan is controlled continuously depending on the ambient temperature measured with the temperature sensor (13) on the control electronics (11) and depending on the type of heating set using the selector switch (12), but also depending on the type set in the baking muffle or existing temperature. In this way, on the one hand, the components of the control electronics (11) are protected against overheating, and, on the other hand, excessive cooling of the baking muffle can be prevented by the cooling fan being too powerful.

Die stufenlose Ansteuerung der Heißluftgebläsedrehzahl erfolgt lediglich in Abhängigkeit von der mit dem Wahlschalter (12) eingestellten Beheizungsart in Verbindung mit den vorher gewählten oder tatsächlich vorhandenen Temperaturen in der Backmuffel.The stepless control of the hot air blower speed is only dependent on the type of heating set with the selector switch (12) in connection with the previously selected or actually existing temperatures in the baking muffle.

Claims (10)

  1. Baking oven, having a baking muffle (1) provided with heating elements (14, 15, 16), and having a switch chamber (7) provided externally of the baking muffle for electrical or electronic component parts, as well as having a cooling air fan (6) disposed externally of the baking muffle, and/or having a hot-air fan (17) disposed internally of the baking muffle, characterised in that the drive of the hot-air and/or cooling air fan (17, 6) is effected in each case by a low-voltage motor (9; 18), which is constantly operable with the same supply voltage independently of the frequency and amplitude of the respective mains voltage.
  2. Baking oven according to claim 1, characterised in that a primary set switching power pack (20) supplies a direct voltage which is independent of the frequency and amplitude of the mains voltage connected to the baking oven.
  3. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the direct voltage supplying the low-voltage motors (9; 18) is preferably 12 or 24 volts, but it is always less than 42 V.
  4. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the low-voltage motors (9; 18) are commutatorless direct-current motors.
  5. Baking oven according to claim 4, characterised in that the commutatorless direct-current motors (9; 18) operate according to the external rotor principle.
  6. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the commutation of the stator windings is effected by means of control elements which are sensitive to magnetic fields, more especially by means of Hall sensors.
  7. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that a stepless speed setting is effected for the hot-air fan (17) in dependence on the selected type of heating of the baking oven.
  8. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that a stepless speed setting is effected for the hot-air fan (17) in dependence on the temperature actually existing or previously selected in the baking muffle.
  9. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the cooling air fan (6) is controllable, and a stepless speed setting is effected in dependence on the temperature in the switch chamber and on the set type of heating.
  10. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the cooling air fan (6) is controllable, and a stepless speed setting is effected in dependence on the temperature in the baking muffle.
EP93110684A 1992-07-06 1993-07-05 Baking oven with a cooling air fan and/or with a hot-air fan Expired - Lifetime EP0579074B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4222092A DE4222092A1 (en) 1992-07-06 1992-07-06 Oven with a cooling air blower and / or with a hot air blower
DE4222092 1992-07-06

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0579074A1 EP0579074A1 (en) 1994-01-19
EP0579074B1 true EP0579074B1 (en) 1996-04-24

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EP93110684A Expired - Lifetime EP0579074B1 (en) 1992-07-06 1993-07-05 Baking oven with a cooling air fan and/or with a hot-air fan

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DE (2) DE4222092A1 (en)

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DE59302328D1 (en) 1996-05-30
DE4222092A1 (en) 1994-01-13
EP0579074A1 (en) 1994-01-19

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