EP0575696A1 - Running gear for railway vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

In a bogie frame (1) with three wheel sets there is provision for the centre wheel set (3) to be supported in the transverse direction on each side with respect to the bogie frame (1) by means of adjustment elements (7, 7'). These adjustment elements (7, 7') serve, when going round a bend, to adjust the centre wheel set (3) to the outside of the bend as a function of the rotation angle of the bogie frame (1) which can be determined by means of measuring elements. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a running gear for rail vehicles with at least six wheel sets, three wheel sets each being connected to a bogie frame via coupling and guide elements, in particular for longitudinal and transverse guidance, and the bogie frames each being rotatable relative to a vehicle frame.

There is the problem that the cornering of rail vehicles with triaxial bogies is significantly influenced by the central wheel sets of the bogies and the middle wheel sets of known designs tend to run up on the inside of the curve with small curve radii. This creates a shear force between the inner wheel and the rail, which presses the wheel set to the outside of the bend and, in conjunction with tapered wheel profiles, generates a torque directed counter to the bend direction.

Force and moment - compared to a freewheeling of the middle wheel set - cause an increase in the level of the wheel-rail forces on the end axles.

To improve the curvature of rail vehicles with three-axle bogies, drives are known in which the middle wheel set of each bogie is provided with a sufficiently large free transverse play with respect to the bogie frame. To this The middle wheel set can thus adjust freely when traveling in arches with small radii of curvature, due to the lack of restoring forces between the wheel set and the bogie frame in the transverse direction.

The curve running behavior of such rail vehicles then resembles the behavior of rail vehicles with biaxial bogies and a center distance which corresponds to the distance between the two end axes of the biaxial bogies.

Such constructions have the disadvantage that when traveling with excess centrifugal force, the middle wheel set does not participate in the transmission of the centrifugal forces of the vehicle body and the bogie frame to the track, and thus the proportion attributable to the end wheel sets of the bogies increases. This can lead to impermissibly high track displacement forces, especially when traveling quickly through bends.

The object of the invention is to provide a drive of the generic type which improves the sheet running ability and minimizes the track load even with large cant deficiency amounts.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that a transversely acting force-controlled actuator is arranged on each side of the middle wheel set between the bogie frame and the wheel set, which is used to adjust the middle wheel set when cornering on an outside of the bow via the control device as a function of a measuring element for detecting the turning angle the bogie frame is adjustable.

This design makes it possible to shift the middle wheel set into an optimal position for the respective curve travel with regard to the track load and the force distribution between the individual wheel sets. If a rail vehicle equipped in this way travels a curve, the actuators are actuated in the direction of the outside of the curve, so that the center wheel set is moved away from the rail on the inside of the curve.

With a higher excess of centrifugal force, the force acting in the actuators and the corresponding path can be adapted within the limits given by the possible relative path between the wheel set and the bogie frame.

An advantageous embodiment is created in that a sensor is arranged as a measuring element between the vehicle frame and the bogie frame and the actuators are adjustable in accordance with the turning angle determined by the sensor.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the actuators are additionally formed by a set preload for transverse guidance of the wheel set.

It is also provided that a sensor is arranged on each bogie frame and the actuators can be adjusted jointly via the control device in accordance with the mean value of the two unscrewing angles. The particular advantage of this training lies in the fact that the arc radius traveled can be determined very precisely from the mean turning angle.

A simple design is that the actuators are designed as air bellows cylinders.

Fig. 1

einen Drehgestellrahmen mit drei Radsätzen und einer Querfesselung des mittleren Radsatzes mit zugeordneten Stellgliedern,

Fig. 2

eine Zuordnung eines Sensors zwischen Fahrzeugrahmen und Drehgestellrahmen,

Fig. 3

eine weitere Ausführung eines dreiachsigen Laufwerks mit Stellgliedern zur gleichzeitigen Querführung eines Mittelradsatzes und

Fig. 4

eine Anordnung von Sensoren an zwei Drehgestellen und die Aufbereitung der Meßsignale.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

a bogie frame with three wheel sets and a transverse attachment of the middle wheel set with assigned actuators,

Fig. 2

an assignment of a sensor between the vehicle frame and the bogie frame,

Fig. 3

a further version of a three-axis drive with actuators for simultaneous transverse guidance of a center wheel set and

Fig. 4

an arrangement of sensors on two bogies and the processing of the measurement signals.

In the illustrated embodiment according to FIG. 1, the end wheel sets 2 and the center wheel set 3 are coupled to the bogie frame 1 via longitudinal guides 6 and transverse guides 5, which engage the wheel set bearing 4. Vertical coupling elements and additional equipment (brakes, motor, etc.) are not shown in detail for reasons of clarity.

On the middle wheel set 3, the transverse guides 5, actuators 7 are connected in parallel on both sides. In the present embodiment, air bellows cylinders have been selected as actuators 7, which are depressurized when driving in a straight line. Compressed air is applied to the inner air bellows cylinder 7 of the wheel set 3 during the arc travel, thereby ensuring the required force or the change in the path of the center wheel set 3 to the outside.

Of course, other actuators, such as compressed air cylinders and hydraulic cylinders, can also be used instead of the air bellows cylinder 7.

2, a control device for controlling the air bellows cylinder 7 by a sensor 8 is shown. The turning angle between the bogie frame 1 and an indicated vehicle frame 9 is determined from a distance measurement between the sensor 8 and a measuring surface 12 attached to the vehicle frame 9, taking into account the lever arm to the turning center 13.

The angle measurement is expediently carried out in the longitudinal direction, since the displaceability between the bogie frame 1 and the vehicle frame 9 is generally smaller in the longitudinal direction than in the lateral direction.

Another embodiment in which the actuators 7 'on the middle wheel set 3 have resilient properties in the transverse direction at the same time and are able to guide the wheel set 3 is shown in FIG. 3.

When using air bellows cylinders 7 ', this can be achieved by already applying compressed air to the cylinders in the basic state and ensuring a necessary tensioning. By lowering the pressure on one side or increasing it on the other, the force required for the required adjustment is achieved in the bow.

4 shows an arrangement of two sensors 8 and 8 'bogie frames 1, 1' arranged one behind the other, wherein a logical connection of the measurement signals formed can be seen on the basis of the rail vehicle standing in the track channel.

The sensor 8 on the leading bogie 1 and the sensor 8 ′ on the trailing bogie 1 ′ each calculate the turning angle α or α ′ with respect to the vehicle frame 9.

mit:
lg: Drehgestellabstand
Rm: mittlerer Bogenhalbmesser
Es zeigt sich, daß der Ausdrehwinkel des vorlaufenden Drehgestelles etwas kleiner als ist

$\text{α = αφ - Δα}$

und der Ausdrehwinkel des nachlaufenden etwas größer

$\text{α = αφ + Δα'}$

Weil Δα und Δα' etwa gleich groß sind, läßt sich aus der Summe resp. dem Mittelwert der beiden Winkel vorzüglich ein sehr genaues Maß für den durchfahrenden Bogenradius ableiten:

Die Verschaltung der Sensorausgangssignale ist ebenfalls in Fig. 4 dargestellt.Because of the inclination within the track channel 2 s and within the transverse suspension 2δ _Q , the two angles α and α 'deviate from the angle αφ that results for radially standing bogies:

With:
lg: bogie distance
Rm: medium arc radius
It turns out that the turning angle of the leading bogie is slightly smaller than

$\text{α = αφ - Δα}$

and the turning angle of the trailing slightly larger

$\text{α = αφ + Δα '}$

Because Δα and Δα 'are approximately the same size, the sum of. derive a very precise measure of the arc radius passing through from the mean of the two angles:

The interconnection of the sensor output signals is also shown in FIG. 4.

zusammengefaßt und in den Bogenradius über einen Rechner 11 umrechnet. Diese aufbereitete Größe steht nun zur Sollwertvorgabe innerhalb des Regelkreises der Stellglieder 7 zur Verfügung.By summation or averaging 10, the two measurement signals become one variable $\overline{\text{α}}$

summarized and converted into the arc radius using a computer 11. This processed variable is now available for setting the setpoint within the control loop of the actuators 7.

Claims (5)

Running gear for rail vehicles with at least six wheel sets, three wheel sets each being connected to a bogie frame via coupling and guide elements, in particular for longitudinal and transverse guidance, and the bogie frames each being rotatable relative to a vehicle frame, characterized in that on each side of the central one Between the bogie frame (1) and the wheelset (3), a transversely acting force-controlled actuator (7) is arranged between the bogie frame. for detecting the angle of rotation of the bogie frame (1) is adjustable. Drive according to claim 1, characterized in that a sensor (8) is arranged as the measuring element between the vehicle frame (9) and the bogie frame (1) and the actuators (7) can be adjusted in accordance with the turning angle determined by the sensor (8). Running gear according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the actuators (7) are additionally formed by an adjusted preload for transverse guidance of the wheel set (3). Running gear according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a sensor (8, 8 ') is arranged on each bogie frame (1, 1') and the actuators (7, 7 ') together in accordance with the mean value of the two turning angles over the Control device are adjustable. Running gear according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the actuators are designed as air bellows cylinders (7).

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